Methodology for the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in ... - Cham

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Table 64. Comparison of Dimensionless Temperature Distribution for Model and HypotheticalBuilding: Seven Window Cases-Upper Window ....................................................................... 201Table 65. Comparison of Dimensionless Temperature Distribution for Model and HypotheticalBuilding: Five Window Cases-Upper Window .......................................................................... 201Table 66. Comparison of Dimensionless Temperature Distribution for Model and HypotheticalBuilding: Two Window Cases-Upper Window .......................................................................... 202Table 67. Scaled Temperatures for One Stack Open Model Experiment and Hypothetical FullScale Building ............................................................................................................................. 203Table 68. Scaled Temperatures for Two Stacks Open Model Experiment and Hypothetical FullScale Building ............................................................................................................................. 204Table 69. Scaled Temperatures for Three Stacks Open Model Experiment and Hypothetical FullScale Building ............................................................................................................................. 205Table 70. Scaled Temperatures for Stacks Closed Model Experiment and Hypothetical FullScale Building ............................................................................................................................. 206Table 71. Scaled Temperatures for Buoyancy-Driven Flow ...................................................... 207Table 72. Scaled Temperature Data for Combined Wind-Buoyancy Driven Flow: Stacks Open..................................................................................................................................................... 209Table 73. Scaled Temperature Data for Combined Wind-Buoyancy Driven Flow: Stacks Closed..................................................................................................................................................... 21012
AcknowledgementsFinancial support for this research was provided by several sources, including the Cambridge-MIT Institute and the Dean for Graduate Students. The generous support was greatlyappreciated.I want to be sure to thank the Building Technology lab for the many discussions, laughs andmoral support through the past four years. In particular, I would like to thank Rogelio Palomera-Arias, Harn-Wei Kua, Anubhav Gupta, Henry Spindler, Peter Armstrong, and all of the firstyears. Lisa Engblom and Wanda Lau, you guys have been great this past year. Rogelio andHarn, thank you for the discussions and late nights. Henry and Peter, your knowledge hasalways been helpful. To the Building Technology staff, thank you for assisting in all of thedetails, making things move usually seamlessly. Thank you to Kathleen Ross and NancyDalrymple, and Dorrit Schuchter and Sara MacDonald for taking care of so many details.To my family and friends, thank you for always listening, supporting, and reviewing my effortsover the past four years. Michael, you have always been a true friend, willing to discuss andreview my research, and supportive throughout. Paul, you have my gratitude for always pushingme to succeed and being a sounding board for concerns and questions. To my parents, I willalways appreciate your listening and supporting me through this substantial milestone.The Building Technology Program provided a great opportunity to collaborate with colleagues atthe BP Institute in Cambridge, UK. Thank you to Stephen Livermore for the cooperation andhard work. I appreciate all of the discussions with Shaun Fitzgerald, Lotty Gladstone, ShwetaManchanda, and Andy Woods. This research has benefited from our partnership. I am gratefulto the Aldwyck Housing Association for their acceptance of our equipment and presence inevaluating their building for this research.I am indebted to my thesis committee members for their support and insight during my research,for their time, effort, and encouragement. Your suggestions and consideration was greatlyappreciated. To my advisor, Leon Glicksman, your perceptiveness and our discussions wereinvaluable in the advancement of this research.13
Page 2 and 3: Thesis Committee:Leon R. Glicksman,
Page 4 and 5: Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Page 6 and 7: 7.1.3 Full Model Case .............
Page 8 and 9: Figure 41. Wind Direction Data for
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1. Energy End U
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1.0IntroductionEnergy consu
Page 17 and 18: insulated building envelopes with t
Page 19 and 20: energy usage and efficient design.
Page 21 and 22: Figure 3. European Patent Office Bu
Page 23: selecting boundary conditions) to e
Page 26 and 27: 2.2.1 Buoyancy-Driven VentilationVe
Page 28 and 29: Figure 7. Neutral Pressure Level fo
Page 30 and 31: Combined wind-buoyancy flow is more
Page 32 and 33: design. The depth of natural ventil
Page 34 and 35: of cooling required by 30 percent o
Page 36 and 37: considered when determining how the
Page 38 and 39: environmental conditions are examin
Page 40 and 41: As natural ventilation is prevalent
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3.0Evaluation of Prototype
Page 45 and 46: Figure 12. Interior Atrium ViewFigu
Page 47 and 48: Table 8. Prototype Building Window
Page 49 and 50: Figure 15. HOBO® H8 Series Tempera
Page 51 and 52: Finally, airflow visualization was
Page 53 and 54: only is the airflow almost never at
Page 55 and 56: Table 10. Window Bag Device Measure
Page 57 and 58: Mon 7-21Tue 7-22Wed 7-23Thu 7-24Fri
Page 59 and 60: 12:00 AM1:00 AM2:00 AM3:00 AM4:00 A
Page 61 and 62: 27-Jul27-Jul28-Jul28-Jul29-Jul30-Ju
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A range of air exchange rates was f
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the windows on the second floor, or
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Total Electric (kWh/m2)Total Gas (k
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movement, Houghton Hall has much le
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Chapter 4.0Modeling and Visualizati
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for future design of similar type b
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lower and upper openings and natura
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the acceptable diffusion rate, or
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applications involving full-scale b
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digital camera with both manually o
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Chapter 5.0Dimensional Analysis and
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u oHgHT2uocu Hpo1Re Ar1Re Pr(5.7)(5
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X HM X HP(5.16)5.3.2 Kinematic Sim
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Radiation was found to have an impa
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height is used for the full-scale b
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6.3 Model Descriptions6.3.1 Physica
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Figure 30. Floor Plan of the Protot
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Figure 31. North Facade of Model wi
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Monitoring data collected from the
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By default, there was no accounting
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40-location card inserted into the
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6.5 ExperimentsTo evaluate the mode
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modified to determine the impact of
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Figure 39. Two Heated Zone ModelWit
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minute interval, the model was assu
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Figure 42. Cross-Section of Wind-Ge
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Table 25. Wind-Assisted Ventilation
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Figure 44. Heaters and Zones for a)
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Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
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Where V is the outlet velocity, A o
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Table 32. Conduction Heat Loss for
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a) Air Modelb) Water ModelFigure 50
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Height from Floor (m)The temperatur
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Height from Floor (m)In the atrium
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First NorthUpper Window 0.17 m/s -0
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Height from Floor (m)the column at
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Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
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Height from Floor (m)3.53.02.52.01.
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was less than 12 percent. These val
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Table 39. Variation of Outlet Wind
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temperature of the air was the same
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3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
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3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
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The average and exhaust internal bu
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Table 43. Calculated Wind and Buoya
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In the last two lines, for both the
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Figure 80. CFD Simulation of the Te
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uoyancy case the air from the groun
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160
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windows of naturally ventilated bui
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difficult to select the boundary co
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simulations are able to do would al
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Bordass, W.T., A.K.R. Bromley and A
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Linddament, M. 1996. Why CO2? Air I
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172
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MODEL: K20-8SERIAL: 10047RECORDER_I
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2 Boiler-3 50.00 C1 N1 1.0 ON ON OF
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|PW|DESCRIP |KW |KWH|KVA|KVH|------
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2:5 ;day_ofYr17:P30 ;EOT = 0.000075
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2:3136:P30 ;DUM2 = -0.040891:-4.089
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;7:21 ;input location;8:0 ;mulptipl
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;79:P22 ;EXC w/DELAY (only for dela
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1:45 ;port5 (homeSense)2:31 ;exit l
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13:P95 ;ENDIF14:P95 ;ENDIF15:P3 ;pu
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2:20 ;RH30:P70 ;sample1:12:20 ;RH31
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194
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Five Windows Open: Upper versus Low
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One Window Open: Upper versus Lower
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25 cm / 3 m 24.33 26.62 22.68 22.93
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25 cm / 3 m 24.07 25.26 22.65 22.78
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Two Stacks Open Temperature Stratif
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Stacks Closed Temperature Stratific
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2.3 24.31 24.65 24.781.4 23.35 23.6
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0.6 20.56 20.67 20.94 21.22 21.41 2
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