State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 - Angus Council

State of the EnvironmentReport for Angus 2011

7.6 Path Structure in Angus ...................................................................................................................................... 538. Climatic Factors .............................................................................................................................558.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................................... 558.2 Angus’ Changing Climate .................................................................................................................................... 568.3 Angus Local Climate Impact Profile .................................................................................................................... 568.4 Angus Carbon Dioxide Emissions ........................................................................................................................ 589. Waste.............................................................................................................................................599.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................................... 599.2 Recycling In Angus .............................................................................................................................................. 6010. Cultural Heritage .........................................................................................................................6110.1 Background....................................................................................................................................................... 6110.2 Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Angus......................................................................................................... 6110.3 Listed Buildings in Angus .................................................................................................................................. 62REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................. 64GLOSSARY.................................................................................................................................................... 66APPENDIX I.........................................................................................................................................68Designated Natural Heritage Sites in Angus ............................................................................................................. 68Local Wildlife Sites in Angus ..................................................................................................................................... 70The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 3

TABLE OF FIGURESFigure 1 Map of Angus.......................................................................................................................................... 8Figure 2 Neighbourhood Satisfaction Profile......................................................................................................... 12Figure 3 Satisfaction with the Environment in Angus............................................................................................. 13Figure 4 Natural Heritage Designations ................................................................................................................ 18Figure 5 Classification Status Rivers, Lochs and Transitional Waters ....................................................................... 22Figure 6 Water Supply Sources in Angus............................................................................................................... 23Figure 7 SEPA Flood Watch Alerts in Angus 2005‐09.............................................................................................. 26Figure 8 Types of Extreme Weather Events .......................................................................................................... 26Figure 9 Landscape Character Zones .................................................................................................................... 29Figure 10 Woodland Cover in Angus .................................................................................................................... 31Figure 11 Land Use Angus 2010 ........................................................................................................................... 32Figure 12 Composition of Arable Farming in Angus in 2010.................................................................................... 33Figure 13 Angus’ Contribution to Scottish Agriculture ........................................................................................... 33Figure 14 Changes in Agriculture Crops and Practices 2001 ‐10 .............................................................................. 34Figure 15 Threats to Scottish Soils ....................................................................................................................... 37Figure 16 Main policy areas contributing to soil protection.................................................................................... 37Figure 17 Derelict & Vacant Land Angus............................................................................................................... 39Figure 18 Scottish Vacant and Derelict Land Survey 2009 ...................................................................................... 39Figure 19 Breakdown of Brown & Greenfield Sites Used for Employment 2000‐2010 .............................................. 40Figure 20 Location of Take Up of Employment Land in Angus................................................................................. 41Figure 21 Location of Take Up of Employment Land in Angus (Other General)......................................................... 41Figure 22 House Completions in Angus 2000‐2010................................................................................................ 42Figure 23 Nitrate Vulnerable Zones...................................................................................................................... 44Figure 24 Air Quality Complaints ......................................................................................................................... 46Figure 25 Overall Traffic Volumes on Angus Roads................................................................................................ 48Figure 26 Dedicated Cycle Lanes in Angus ............................................................................................................ 53Figure 27 Eastern Scotland Recorded Rainfall 1990‐2009....................................................................................... 56Figure 28 Number of Types of Extreme Weather Events Angus 2001‐2009 ............................................................. 57Figure 29 Location of Extreme Weather Events by Location in Angus 2001‐2009..................................................... 58INDEX OF TABLESTable 1 Life Expectancy....................................................................................................................................... 10Table 2 Total Noise Complaints by Type ............................................................................................................... 14Table 3 River Water Bodies in Angus.................................................................................................................... 20Table 4 Lochs in Angus........................................................................................................................................ 21Table 5 Transitional Water Bodies in Angus .......................................................................................................... 21Table 6 Bathing Water Quality............................................................................................................................. 25Table 7 Areas inside 1/200 fluvial or coastal flood zone in Angus............................................................................ 27Table 8 Derelict & Vacant Land 2002‐2010 ........................................................................................................... 38Table 9 Urban Vacant Land & Derelict Land 2002‐2010 ......................................................................................... 38Table 10 Air Pollution Complaints/Enquiries by Type 2006‐2009 ............................................................................ 46Table 11 Travel to Work Employed Adults ............................................................................................................ 49Table 12 Households Walking Time to Nearest Bus Stop & Frequency of Service..................................................... 50Table 13 Travel Modes by School Type................................................................................................................. 51Table 14 Angus Local CO 2 Emission Estimates ....................................................................................................... 58Table 15 Municipal Waste 2005 ‐ 2010................................................................................................................. 60Table 17 Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Angus................................................................................................ 61Table 18 Summary of Listed Buildings 2009 .......................................................................................................... 62Table 19 Total Number of Buildings at Risk in Angus ............................................................................................. 63Table 20 List of References.................................................................................................................................. 64Table 21 Designated Natural Heritage Sites in Angus............................................................................................. 70Table 22 Local Wildlife Sites in Angus................................................................................................................... 71The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 4

IntroductionSTATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REPORT FOR ANGUS 2011Welcome to the third State of the Environment Report for Angus. This document provides an update on the previousState of the Environment Report for Angus that was published in 2006 and expands on the indicators provided in theprevious document to include new sections such as a population profile of Angus and climatic factors.The previous two reports were produced by The Angus Environment Forum which has since disbanded. This reporthas therefore been produced by Angus Council but using data from the same sources which were members of theForum such as The Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Water and Scottish Natural Heritage.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 draws together data and statistics which are already collectedand are therefore readily available. Wherever possible, data for a few years has been used to illustrate trends overtime. However, more recently collected data may not have a history and trends for those datasets will develop overtime.The report is divided into ten sections looking at statistics regarding: the Angus population; biodiversity, flora and fauna; water; landscape character and use; soil; pollution; travel and transport; climatic factors; waste; cultural heritage.The aim of the document is to collect together information to illustrate our impact on the environment by using theavailable environmental data to create an overall picture of the state of the environment in Angus. The documentmay also prove useful to those undertaking a Strategic Environmental Assessment of any plans, programmes orstrategies by providing baseline information.SummaryThis is the third State of the Environment Report for Angus Council following on from the previous two reports whichwere published in 2004 and 2006. The overall picture remains one of a good quality local environment in Angus. Asstated above, the 2011 State of the Environment Report contains some new indicators not included in the previoustwo reports. The following summarises the findings in the report:In Angus, citizens have an above average life expectancy and are generally very happy with their quality of life. ACitizen Survey carried out in 2009 showed that almost all respondents (94%) stated that they were ‘fairly satisfied orvery satisfied’ with the “built environment in Angus e.g. buildings, heritage, towns, villages etc.”, although less thanhalf of respondents (44%) specifically stated that they were very satisfied with the built environment in Angus.Similarly, almost all respondents (94%) stated that they were ‘fairly satisfied or very satisfied’ with the “naturalenvironment of Angus e.g. parks, open spaces, countryside etc.”, with approaching half (48%) specifically stating thatthey were very satisfied with the natural environment of Angus.The opportunity to pursue recreational activity is essential to the quality of life; health and well‐being of people andcan also contribute to the local economy. Within Angus there is a wide range of opportunities for sport, informal andformal recreation with areas of open green space contributing towards the area’s attractiveness to both residents andvisitors.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 5

The towns in Angus are characterised by their range of open spaces, including coastal links, public parks, schoolplaying fields, allotments, footpaths and general amenity areas including areas of tree planting. Areas of recreational,amenity or nature conservation value are protected from development in the Angus Local Plan Review (2009) and anOpen Space Strategy is currently being developed by Angus Council.Passive recreationActive recreation1,118.3388 hectares458.8864 hectaresAngus is home to a wide range of habitats and species, as diverse as the uplands on the edge of the Cairngorms,riverine woodland corridors, and improved grassland to the tidal wetland areas of Montrose Basin. A number of thesehabitats are recognised national and international natural heritage designations, which highlights just how importantthe area is for nature conservation. There are several areas of importance within Angus which not only protectbiodiversity but also contribute to the Angus population’s enjoyment of outdoor green space in the form of countryparks. All contribute to the wellbeing of the area both for humans and as an environmental indicator.Water quality and flooding etc fluctuates due to annual or seasonal circumstances. Flooding has gone up due toextreme heavy rainfall.Derelict and urban vacant land in Angus is down by 20% and air quality complaints have gone down since 2006.Since 1998, the volume of car traffic has increased by 10%, light goods vehicle traffic by 35% and heavy goods vehicletraffic by 14% but use of public transport to work has increased and car sharing is popular.45,235 metres of the National Network and the North Sea Cycle route runs through Angus. Since 2000 to 2010 therehas been a large increase in dedicated cycle lanes.Networks of signposted paths, tracks and minor roads have been developed around Forfar, Arbroath, Brechin,Kirriemuir and Monifieth. These networks contain around 126km of routes, of which 82km are off road.The Core Paths Plan for Angus was adopted in 2010. This gives statutory designation to over 500km of off‐road paths.A separate Core Paths Plan, covering the Cairngorms National Park, has already been adopted. The majority of thepaths referred to above are included within these plans.A new section in this report is Climatic Factors and the Local Climate Impact Profile undertaken by the Council showedthat the number of extreme weather events has increased annually since 2006. This could be due to changes inweather patterns and also more frequent reporting by the media of weather events.Eighteen locations in Angus experienced severe weather events over the eight year study period and as seen in figure29. Many events caused impacts over the entire region. From the data collected Montrose Port is most regularlyaffected by high winds, Arbroath has also felt the affects of these high winds and has suffered periodic occurrences ofstructural damage.Recycling and composting rates for Angus has also increased over the years as table 15 summarises.The cultural heritage remains an important element to the Angus scene and there are a total 393 scheduled ancientmonuments within the county. The amount of listed buildings within Angus has gone down from 2184 to 2149 andthere are 93 buildings listed on the “Buildings at Risk” (BAR) register.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 6

Quick OverviewThe list below provides a quick overview of the Indicators showing the changes which have occurred since the 2006State of the Environment Report for Angus.Key⇑ Improving⇓ Worsening━ No discernable change or trend unclear○ No update or new indicatorSection Topic Trend1 Neighbourhood Satisfaction Profile ○1 Satisfaction with the Quality of Surroundings in Angus ⇑1 Public Concern About Noise ⇑1 Managed Green Space for Leisure ━2 Area Designated as Country Parks (Hectares) ━2 Visitor Numbers to Key/Selected Sites ⇑2 Area of Protected/Key Habitats ━3 River Water Quality ━3 Quality of Lochs ⇓3 Coastal Water Quality ⇑3 Bathing Water Quality ⇑3 Flooding ⇓4 Forestry ━5 Soil ○5 Vacant and Derelict Land ⇑5 New Development Split between Greenfield and Brownfield Sites ⇑6 Nitrate Vulnerable Zones ⇓6 Potentially Contaminated Land ⇓6 Air Quality Complaints ⇑7 Traffic Volume in Angus ⇓7 Mode of Travel to Work in Angus ⇓7 Walking Time to Nearest Bus Stop ○7 Mode of Travel for School Children ⇑7 Dedicated Cycle Lanes in Angus ⇑7 Path Structure in Angus ⇑8 Angus’ Changing Climate ⇓8 Extreme Weather Events in Angus ⇓8 Angus’ Carbon Dioxide Emissions ○9 Recycling of Household and Commercial Waste ⇑9 Waste Arisings in Angus ⇓10 Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Angus ━10 Listed Buildings in Angus ━The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 7

The valley of Strathmore is a broad and fertile agricultural strath or vale accommodating more than one‐third of theAngus population, principally in the market towns of Forfar, Brechin and Kirriemuir. Whilst agriculture and relatedindustry remain important, manufacturing and the service sector, provide a variety of employment opportunities. TheA90 trunk road linking Edinburgh and Dundee with Aberdeen runs through Strathmore.The GlensThe Glens and the highland area cover the land north and west of the Highland Boundary fault line covering almostone‐third of the total area of Angus, it takes the form of a plateau cut deeply with five main glens – Isla, Prosen, Clova,Lethnot and Esk. With less than 3% of the total Angus population, no major centres of population, and an economypredominately estate and farm based, this major upland area, including extensive areas of heather moorland, isregarded as fragile. Recognised for its high scenic, landscape and environmental quality, the Angus Glens do,however, provide for wide range of recreational and tourist activities.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 9

Thus, Caram-Asia came to be born; in response to the reality, at the grass roots,with regards to the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS in the region, and the HIV vulnerabilityof migrant and mobile populations.The Caram-Asia PartnersThe Caram-Asia partnership includes eight organizations in South and South EastAsia, with Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. The organizations are, Tenaganita(Malaysia), Care International (Vietnam), Kalayaan (Philippines), CCDB(Bangladesh), Care International (Cambodia), Care International (Thailand), URM(Indonesia), and AMC (Hong Kong).The Section Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine at the Vrije Universiteit(VU University) in Amsterdam was founded in 1989. It provides Dutch studentswith the opportunity to study the dynamics of health and well-being in developingcountries. Research is done in cooperation with NGOs in many developingcountries of the world.Efforts are made to concentrate in this research on the needs of users of healthcare rather than start from the perspectives of the providers of care.The major research and teaching topic of the Department of SocialMedicine is HIV/AIDS and its social-medical aspects in developingcountries. As such the section has been active in supporting research,favoring participatory research, in countries like Zambia, Kenya, India,Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, China and Indonesia. Severalreports and publications are available in the publication series: Primaryv

The proportion of the population hospitalised for alcohol related and attributable causes are the secondlowest of any CHP. The proportion of the population hospitalised for drug related conditions is also the second lowest of any CHP,with 47 patients discharged from hospital over the last three years.Ill Health & Injury and Mental Health & Function Angus has the second lowest incidence of cancer of the 40 CHPs in Scotland. Expected years of life in goodhealth are 69.4 for males and 72.7 for females (Scotland 66.3 and 70.2 respectively). The area is either significantly better than or not significantly different to, Scotland for all other mental health& function indicators, with the exception of patients prescribed drugs for anxiety, depression or psychosiswhere the CHP figure is 8.4% (Scotland 8.1%).Child & Maternal Health The percentage of mothers smoking during pregnancy is significantly worse than average (26.8%, compared toScotland 24.3%). Angus CHP is significantly better than, or not significantly different to, the Scotland average for all other child& maternal health indicators for which data are presented. Data on teenage pregnancies are not available forAngus CHP.1.2 Satisfaction with the Quality of Surroundings in AngusGood quality surroundings are fundamental to a good quality of life. Noise, litter, graffiti, vandalism and dog foulingmay be symptoms of wider problems, but can promote a spiral of degradation with a high rate of crime reinforcingsocial exclusion and decline.In 2009 Angus Council carried out a Citizen Survey to ascertain levels of customers’ satisfaction with the following keyareas: House & Neighbourhood Neighbourhood & Services Health Education Employment Community Safety Financial Issues Angus CouncilThe survey was carried out on behalf of the council by Ashbrook Research and Consultancy Limited (Ashbrook) duringthe period August to November 2009. The survey involved interviews with 1,500 citizens across Angus, 1,250 dividedequally across the eight wards and 250 from areas identified within the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation as beingwithin the worst 15% of areas of deprivation.Key findingsThe Citizens’ Survey gives a very positive picture of life in Angus with over nine out of 10 people stating that they wereeither “very” or “fairly” satisfied with the quality of life in Angus (93%). Areas that received positive ratings included: satisfaction with neighbourhoods and services; ease of access to facilities and services; and satisfaction with the environment.Areas that reported less positively were: drug problems in neighbourhoods; satisfaction with provision of and access to local youth facilities; anti‐social behaviour; andThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 11

Passive recreationActive recreation *Play areasTotal area of Local Authority maintained land1,118.3388 hectares458.8864 hectares14.2664 hectares1,591.4916 hectares* Active recreation includes:‐ Pitch and putt areas Pitches (96 + 31 with Educational Grounds All weather pitches Bowling greens Allotments Parks Country parksThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 15

2. Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna2.1 BackgroundAngus is home to a wide range of habitats andspecies, as diverse as the uplands on the edgeof the Cairngorms, riverine woodlandcorridors, and improved grassland to the tidalwetland areas of Montrose Basin. A number ofthese habitats are recognised national andinternational natural heritage designations,which highlights just how important the areais for nature conservation. There are severalareas of importance within Angus which notonly protect biodiversity but also contribute tothe Angus populations’ enjoyment of outdoorgreen space in the form of country parks. Allcontribute to the wellbeing of the area bothfor humans and as an environmental indicator.2.2 Area Designated as Country ParksThe ability to access and explore open countryside plays an important role in people’s quality of life. The Anguscountryside with its variety of landscapes, including mountains, lochs, woodlands and seashore, providesopportunities for visitors of all ages to enjoy the outdoors. Country parks provide an opportunity for relaxation andexercise in an informal setting and can also provide a haven for wildlife. As well as offering a range of activities tovisitors, country parks are also a valuable learning resource offering illustrated talks and guided walks to schools, clubsand other organisations.The county of Angus is fortunate to have several Country Parks within its boundaries. These are located at Monikie,Crombie and Forfar Loch, and are manned by the Angus Ranger Service who have established bases at these locations.A ranger service has also been established in the Angus Glens based in Glen Doll and rangers also operate out of theScottish Wildlife Trust’s visitor centre at Montrose Basin.• Monikie Country Park, with its reservoirs, woodland and parkland covering 75 hectares, is an ideal locationfor a visit to the countryside. The scenic surroundings offer many opportunities to enjoy the outdoors at anytime of the year. It has operated as a Country Park since 1981.• Crombie Country Park was officially opened in September 1983. Its 114 hectares includes Crombie Loch aswell as broadleafed and coniferous woodlands.• Forfar Loch Country Park is situated only a few minutes walk from the centre of the historic town of Forfar.With its woodlands, loch and grassland habitats covering 80 hectares, it is a haven for visitors and wildlifethroughout the year. The loch itself is 1½ km long and 9 metres deep. It is bounded by a footpath of 5 km inlength.Country Parks 3 270 haIncludes 111 hectares of water in Forfar Loch and Monikie and CrombieReservoirs• Visitor numbers for April 2008 to March 2009 were up to 622,634 compared to an approximate 400,000 p.a.between 2002 and 2004.• The Angus Glens Ranger service was established in 1998 and operates throughout the Angus Glens, an areaof some 1,000 square kilometres. The service is based in Glen Doll and manages on a day‐to‐day basis theThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 16

Caenlochan National Nature Reserve, one of the most important natural history sites in Britain as it supportsa greater number of rare arctic‐alpine plants than any other site in Britain. On average Glen Doll attracts over70,000 visitors per year.• Montrose Basin is a complex estuarine ecosystem which is recognized internationally, nationally and locallyparticularly for wildfowl and waders which rely on the area of tidal flats for food and refuge. The sitecomprises the entire basin of the River South Esk and covers some 1024 hectares.2.3 Area of Protected/Key Habitats SSSI2.3.1 Protected Areas In AngusThere area range of Nationally and Internationally protected areas in Angus. These include landscapes, plants andanimals, rocks, fossils and landforms. Their protection and management will help to ensure that they remain in goodhealth for all to enjoy, both now and for future generations. The map below shows the many to be found in Angus.Appendix 1 on p68 gives detailed descriptions of each site.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 17

Figure 4 Natural Heritage DesignationsThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 18

Classification Sum of Area (KM2) % of Area (KM2)Moderate ecologicalpotential 0.9 18.22%Poor 0.59 11.94%Poor ecological potential 1.76 35.63%Bad 0 0.00%Bad ecological potential 1.69 34.21%Total Sum of Area (KM2) 4.94 100.00%Table 4 Lochs in AngusLochs cover an area of almost five (KM2) throughout Angus. Pressures such as morphological alterations, flowregulation, abstraction, diffuse source pollution; arable farming and phosphorus levels contribute to the areas lochsfailure to meet good ecological status or potential. In fact 81.78% are poor to bad and only 18.22% fall into themoderate category. River basin planning allows SEPA to plan improvements for particular parameters overtime.Transitional Water Bodies in AngusClassification Sum of Area (KM2) % of Area (KM2)High 0 0.00%Good 43.48 66.67%Good ecological potential 0 0.00%Moderate 8.52 33.33%Moderate ecologicalpotential 0 0.00%Poor 0 0.00%Poor ecological potential 0 0.00%Bad 0 0.00%Bad ecological potential 0 0.00%Total Sum of Area (KM2) 52 100%Table 5 Transitional Water Bodies in AngusTransitional waters (estuaries) are generally of high to good classification status (66.67%) while 33.33% fall into themoderate category. None are classed as bad. The 33% are affected by high levels of chemicals such as nitrates andphosphorus. These chemicals are found in higher levels in estuaries as they are carried down the length of a river, andaccumulate in sediment at the end of their journey to the sea.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 21

Figure 5 Classification Status Rivers, Lochs and Transitional WatersThe map above shows the classification status for Angus’ rivers, loch and transitional waters.The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2005Regulatory regimes are required to control activities not previously regulated in Scotland, to ensure that WFDobjectives are met. These regulations are more commonly known as the Controlled Activity Regulations (CAR). If youintend to carry out any activity which may affect Scotland’s water environment, you must be authorised to do so.Discharges, disposal to land, abstractions, impoundments and engineering works are all regulated by SEPA.SEPA from 1 April 2006 under the Water Environment (Controlled Activities) Regulations 2005 (CAR) has regulated thefollowing activities: abstractions from surface and groundwater; impoundments of rivers, lochs, wetlands and transitional waters; groundwater recharge; engineering in rivers, lochs and wetlands;The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 22

engineering activities in the vicinity of rivers, lochs and wetland which are likely to have a significant adverseimpact upon the water environment; activities liable to cause pollution; direct or indirect discharge of List I substances to groundwater; and any other activities which directly or indirectly is liable to cause a significant adverse impact upon the waterenvironment.Scottish Water applied for CAR licences for all controlled activities concerning impoundments and abstractions inAngus and these have been authorised by SEPA. Most of these involved the transfer of existing Water Orders etc. tothe CAR licensing regime.All existing discharge consents have been transferred from the existing Control of Pollution Act 1974 (CoPA) regime tothe CAR format.Two Capital Investment Investigation projects were investigated in the 2006‐10 period to assess the implications ofthe Water Framework Directive in both the Whitehillocks and Lintrathen/Backwater catchments. It was determinedfrom these studies that no investment will be required in the 2010‐15 period in relation to abstraction orcompensation flows.Lintrathen Reservoir has been determined as a Water Supply Diffuse Pollution Priority Catchment and work will beundertaken over the next few years. Scottish Water will be involved with this project.3.2.2 Water Supply in AngusAn area’s water supply is formed by water that flows into streams, rivers, lochs and reservoirs; this type of water isknown as surface water. Alternatively, water can also seep through the ground until it passes through eventuallyforming pools, this type of water is known as ground water. It is often very pure as many of the pollutants arenaturally filtered out through the seeping process. There are very strict laws that govern drinking water quality in theUK. The water supplied must meet high standards set by the government and the European Union. In Scotland,drinking water standards are set down by law in The Water Supply (Water Quality) (Scotland) Regulations 2001, whichare in line with all European Community (EC) requirementsThe Angus Area is served with water from three Sources; see the table below for more details:Water supply Area supplied OutputLoch Lee –(Treatment Works at Whitehillocks)Supplies low lying part of Brechin and rural areas suchas Glen Esk, Edzell, Fern, Noranside, Tannadice,Letham, Craichie, Kingsmuir, Rescobie, Aberlemno,Redford, GuthrieApproximately 9.5Mld.Backwater –(Treatment Works at Lintrathen)Clatto Water Treatment Works,Dundee(Backwater Reservoir and Loch ofLintrathen waters)*Mld = Million Litres Per DayFigure 6 Water Supply Sources in AngusSupplies Kirriemuir, Forfar, Arbroath, Montrose, andhigh part of Brechin and rural areas of Hillside,Ferryden, Inverkeilor, Friockheim, Auchmithie,Colliston, Bridgend of Lintrathen, Newtyle, Charleston,Glamis, Inverarity, Glamis, Douglastown and Gateside.Supplies Carnoustie, Monikie, Newbigging, Barry,Muirdrum, and MonifiethApproximately 27.5Mld.Approximately 61Mld.*Customer demand is 68%domestic and 32% nondomesticA programme of leakage reduction continues for the Clatto, Lintrathen and Whitehillocks Water Resource Zone (WRZ)and Scotland in general. Work will continue to monitor levels of leakage and intervene pro‐actively to sustain thissaving in the future.Future workThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 23

• Major capital investment projects to improve the water mains network in both Whitehillocks and LintrathenWater Operational Areas. An extensive program of mains replacement, re‐lining and cleaning will beundertaken over the next 5 years to improve water quality and water mains serviceability throughout Angus.• Investment in named areas to address low pressure improvements in the water supply network• Capital maintenance spend along with un‐allocated investment for growthInvestment is at the direction of the Minister and designed to deliver the specified outputs. It is the responsibility ofthe Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and the Drinking Water Quality Regulator for Scotland (DWQR) toliaise with the Minister to determine if these outputs will deliver the ultimate outcomes required by the primarylegislation and regulation e.g. km of water body improved.3.3 Marine watersMarine Scotland & the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010Marine Scotland, the marine management organisation for Scotland, came into effect on 1 April 2009 and will be thechampion of Scotland's seas. Marine Scotland is part of the core Scottish Government (it is not an Agency or Non‐Departmental Public Body) and brings together the functions and resources of the previous Scottish GovernmentMarine Directorate, the Fisheries Research Services (now Marine Scotland Science) and the Scottish FisheriesProtection Agency (now Marine Scotland Compliance).Scotland's seas are home to over 40,000 marine species including 6,500 animal and plant species. Our seas have anestimated potential for renewable energy of 46.5 GW with the potential to make a critical contribution to fightingclimate change. The Scottish coastline supports much economic and recreational activity. For example, the coastalwaters have important potential for renewable energy generation, while the relatively shallow waters of the NorthSea are where much of the oil and gas is currently extracted and Scottish ports handle large quantities of crude oil andcoal. Government statistics attribute £2.2 billion of marine related industry activity (excluding oil and gas) to theScottish economy and about 50,000 jobs.Marine (Scotland) Act 2010On 10 March 2010, Scotland's Marine Bill received Royal Assent, making it the Marine (Scotland) Act. This marks amajor turning point in safeguarding the future of Scotland seas and laying the foundations for a more simplifiedmarine planning and licensing system.The Marine (Scotland) Act provides a framework which will help balance competing demands on Scotland's seas. Itintroduces a duty to protect and enhance the marine environment and includes measures to help boost economicinvestment and growth in areas such as marine renewables.The main measures include:• Marine planning: a new statutory marine planning system to sustainably manage the increasing, and oftenconflicting, demands on our seas• Marine licensing: a simpler licensing system, minimising the number of licences required for development inthe marine environment to cut bureaucracy and encourage economic investment• Marine conservation: improved marine nature and historic conservation with new powers to protect andmanage areas of importance for marine wildlife, habitats and historic monuments• Seal conservation: much improved protection for seals and a new comprehensive licence system to ensureappropriate management when necessary• Enforcement: a range of enhanced powers of marine conservation and licensing3.3.1 Coastal Water QualityThere are many pressures upon the marine environment resulting from population, industry, agriculture, forestry,mining and other human activity. These cause environmental impacts, which in turn determine the quality of anyparticular part of the aquatic environment. Coastal Waters are monitored in much the same way as rivers. There aremany reasons why coastal waters have been polluted around Scotland’s coast, from sewage discharges and chemicalimpacts, to contaminated land and industrial effluents. However, one of the major benefits to the Angus area was theintroduction of a number of wastewater treatment plants serving the towns of Arbroath, Carnoustie and Montrosewhich discharge into the coastal waters.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 24

3.3.2 Bathing Water QualityThe Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) is commited to providing comprehensive information on thequality of Scotland's bathing waters. Annual bathing water reports are produced using monitoring results foridentified and non‐identified waters. New initiatives are always being developed aimed at promoting better bathingwater quality in Scotland.SEPA is committed to achieving full compliance with EC Bathing Water Directive standards and is working closely withothers to deliver a reduction in risk from both urban and rural sources of pollution. Some of the key partners in thisinclude the Scottish Government, Scottish Water, local authorities, non‐governmental organisations and theagricultural community, as identified in the Scottish Government’s Bathing Water Strategy for Scotland. SEPA isplaying its part in delivering the required improvements and in fulfilling the role identified for it by the ScottishGovernment in its Bathing Water Strategy.In March 2006 the revised Bathing Water Directive (2006/7/EC) came into force. This was enacted in the UK by theBathing Waters (Scotland) Regulations 2008 which came into effect in May 2008. Key features include increasedprovision of public information, tighter microbiological standards to be met by 2015 and monitoring to be commencedby 2012 (SEPA 2010).In Scotland, more than 60 beaches are identified under the European Bathing Waters Directive (76/160/EEC) and inAngus, Carnoustie, Montrose and Arbroath (West Links) beaches are designated bathing waters. Angus has manybeautiful beaches and in recent years SEPA have also begun monitoring programmes at these.The bathing water at Montrose has consistently achieved the top standard required since 1999 and in2005 until 2009 was awarded Blue Flag status, one of only 7 in Scotland. Water quality results for Angus BathingWaters classifications are given below:IdentifiedBathingIdentifiedBathingArbroathWest LinksCarnoustieQuality2000Quality2001Quality2002Quality2003Quality2004Quality2005Quality2006Quality2007Quality2008Quality2009MontroseArbroathVictoria Park‐ ‐ ‐Lunan Bay ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐Monifieth ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐East Haven ‐ ‐ ‐Table 6 Bathing Water QualityKeyPoor Good ExcellentThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 25

3.4 FloodingFlooding is predominantly a natural process which becomes a natural hazard when it has an impact onman. Watercourses of all sizes will, periodically, flood (fluvial flooding) and the sea will also periodically inundate lowlying exposed coastal areas. Flooding in Angus has occurred in varying degrees over the last decade.The Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) monitor river levels and issue “Flood Watch” alerts for lowlandand highland rivers in Angus. These warnings allow us to prepare in advance for possible inundations of water in partsof the rivers catchments. The number of flood warnngs issued over the last five years has increased similarly in bothareas. Climate change may be areason for this increase.SEPA Flood Watch Alerts Issued in Angus 2005 - 09No of warnings4035302520151050Lowland AngusriversHighland AngusriversLinear (HighlandAngus rivers)Linear (LowlandAngus rivers)20052006200720082009YEARFigure 7 SEPA Flood Watch Alerts in Angus 2005‐09A Local Climate Impacts Profile (LCLIP), a resource that Local Authorities can compile so that they better understandtheir exposure to weather and climate was produced by Angus Council in 2009. It is based on evidence of a locality'svulnerability to severe weather events. A media search of weather events reported for the region and local councilrecords form the the basis of the data. The figure below shows the frequency of weather that pose a flooding risk inAngus.Number of types of Extreme Weather Eventsthroughout Angus from 2001 - 2009Heavy snowNo of WeatherEvents16141210864202001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009High windsHeavyrain/floodingHeavy rainHigh seasYearFigure 8 Types of Extreme Weather EventsThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 26

The 2009 Angus Local Climate Impact Profile highlights the increased frequency of heavy rain, high winds and highseas which all increase the flooding threat in Angus.In 2007 the Scottish Executive Geographic Information Service, Science and Analysis Group published summary resultswhich show the impact of flooding in each local authority area. This analysis was initiated after the release of the River& Coastal Flood Map (Scotland) by the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) in November 2006. The tablebelow shows the area of land at threat from fluvial or coastal flooding and the percentage of land in Angus thisrepresents.LOCALAUTHORITYFLUVIALFLOODINGCOASTALFLOODINGAREA(KM2) AREA(KM2) AREA (%) AREA(KM2) AREA (%)Angus 2,185 103.4 4.7 7.8 0.4Table 7 Areas inside 1/200 fluvial or coastal flood zone in Angus.On November 26th 2009 The Flood Risk Management (Scotland) Act came into force.This transposes the EC FloodsDirective into national law and streamlines the process by which local authorities prepare flood schemes. It also placesa duty on the Scottish Government, SEPA, Scottish Water and local authorities to better co‐ordinate the assessmentand management of flood risk. While current policy focuses on river and coastal flooding, the Act covers all sources offlooding, including overloaded sewers.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 27

4. Landscape Character and Use4.1 BackgroundThe landscape of Angus is varied. A range ofgeological influences mean that soil typesand landscape formations can be verydifferent throughout the region. This makessome areas suitable for farming, others forrecreation or forestry and there is fantasticstretch of varied coastline. ThroughoutAngus land is utilised for economic, leisureand conservation purposes. Our quality oflife, wellbeing and economic success inAngus is extremely dependant on ourlandscape and its uses.4.2 LandscapeThe map below gives an indication of just how many different landscape types there are in Angus. A clear line can beseen between the montane upland areas in the North and West and the lowland river valleys and fertile farmlandsthat Angus is famous for in the South and East.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 28

Figure 9 Landscape Character Zones4.3 ForestryForestry is a minor, but nonetheless important, part of the rural economy in Angus and has traditionally beenintegrated into estate management, together with more significant farming and sporting interests. Angus has acurrent woodland cover of approximately 10% (21,500 hectares) compared to 17% woodland cover for Scotland as awhole.Angus contains a mosaic of different forest and woodlands types (see figure 10 below) ‐ large‐scale commercialconiferous plantations (e.g. the Angus Glens and Montreathmont), mixed traditional estate woodlands (e.g. Airlie,Glamis and Kinnordy), small‐scale mixed lowland farm woodlands and semi‐natural birch woodland remnants (e.g.Glen Esk) ‐ and the region supports a wide range of tree species. Forests and woodland across Angus already make asignificant contribution to the attractive landscape of the county. They also provide a wealth of benefits to the localpopulation and visitors, (including local recreational opportunities to nearby towns and villages e.g. Caddam Wood,Kirriemuir and the Angus Millennium Forest, Arbroath, Brechin, Carnoustie, Forfar, Kirriemuir, Monifieth, Montrose),to the local economy and to the environmental quality and biodiversity of Angus. In addition, on many of theThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 29

traditional estates, where forestry has historically been incorporated into land use practices, forests and woodlandshave provided woodland habitats for sporting gain and form an important part of the sporting landscape.The Scottish Forestry Strategy (2006) is the Scottish Government’s framework for taking forestry in Scotland forwardthrough the first half of this century and beyond. It sets out a vision of a forestry sector which will be:Diverse and strong;In tune with the environment;Employing people in a wide range of enterprises; andProviding the many other services and benefits that people need, now and for the future.As a broad principle the Scottish Forestry Strategy (SFS) seeks to increase Scotland’s woodlands from the current 17%land coverage to about 25% of our land area. It also establishes a number of objectives and themes to achieve theoverall vision. The forestry sector can also contribute to delivering annual carbon savings of 0.6million tonnes ofcarbon by 2010.The Tayside Indicative Forestry Strategy (IFS) introduced originally as part of the Tayside Structure Plan 1993 andincorporated into the approved Dundee and Angus Structure Plan 2002 has provided the strategic framework forconsidering commercial forestry proposals. However with recent significant developments in the implementation ofnational forestry policy and the wider rural environmental sector, coupled with emerging issues such as climatechange and the drive for sustainability, a Woodland and Forestry Framework for Angus (AWFF) has recently beenprepared. Although this is a non‐statutory document it seeks to draw together the various strands of policy changeand development opportunities in forestry.The AWFF supports and complements similar neighbouring strategic forestry documents including the Forest andWoodland Strategy being produced by Perth and Kinross Council, the Urban Woodland Strategy in Dundee, and theCairngorms Forestry and Woodland Framework. The Framework also takes account of other key regional documentsand strategies such as the Tayside Local Biodiversity Action Plan and the Eastern Lowlands Forest Habitat Networkguidance. The AWFF reviews the opportunity for woodland creation in Angus taking into account land designationsand land quality and capability. Given the high agricultural land quality of much of lowland Angus, large scalewoodland creation is neither considered appropriate nor realistic; this being a function of the economic value offarming to the area rather than any environmental constraints.The AWFF identifies the Angus Glens and woodland around towns as preferred areas for woodland expansion; while inthe foothills, Sidlaws and lowland Angus there is limited opportunity for additional woodlands for amenity, landscape,sporting and biodiversity benefits where they to be integrated into traditional land management. Production of theAWFF will allow partner agencies within Angus to work with a coherent plan, containing specific objectives, which tietogether the various policies and initiatives now prevalent in this sector. In addition, this process will allow for thetargeted use of existing resources and acquisition of further resources to invest in specific forestry and woodlandinitiatives.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 30

Figure 10 Woodland Cover in AngusThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 31

4.4 FarmingThe fertile soil and temperate climate of Angus has meant that agriculture has played a central role in theprosperity of the county for generations. These conditions are ideal for growing top quality Soft Fruit, Vegetables,Grain and Potatoes, particularly Seed Potatoes. Angus is in fact, home to 40% of Scotland's Class 1 agricultural landand produces 30% of the country's potatoes. Agricultural output makes a significant contribution to the region'seconomy. An estimated at £99.2 million per annum is generated which is 8.9% of Angus’s GDP.Agricultural land in Angus covers some 189,981 hectares, the equivalent to 3.37% of the total Scottish agriculturalland area. The presence of good quality arable land in Angus allows a high proportion (35%) of its agricultural areato be in arable crops. In fact cropping farms make up 75% of the farms in Angus. 10% of Scotland's cereal crops aregrown in Angus with barley (winter and spring sown) wheat and oilseeds.The breeding of Livestock for beef and lamb production is another feature of Angus' agricultural economy,particularly in the hill and upland areas of the county where the close proximity of arable land provides thenecessary animal feed which is so important to stock rearing.Soft fruit farms are also important to the region as is grass, with 59% of the total agricultural land area in grass orrough grazing. These specialised sectors have benefited through the introduction of new varieties of crops withhigher yields and technical advancements such as the automated gathering of soft fruit.The following data illustrates the current composition of farming in Angus, how Angus contributes to the Scottishfarming as a whole and trends in farming in Angus over the last decade. All information is provided by the 2010Census of agriculture published by Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (SEERAD).2010Census of agriculture published by SEERAD.LAND USE ANGUS 2010Other landTotalwoodlandTotal grazingTotal croplandData taken from SEERAD in a 2010census show to what extent land use inAngus is dominated by farming.As mentioned previously arable farmingand the growing of grass for grazingdominates the landscape. Forestrycovers only a fraction of the area withplantation located mainly in the AngusGlens and at Montreathmont.0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000hectaresFigure 11 Land Use Angus 2010Figure 12 below shows the breakdown of arable crops in Angus. It is clear that cereals are by far the predominant cropand are exported to other areas of the UK. Potatoes are also hugely important and Angus has a thriving fruit andvegetable industry.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 32

Other cropsOrchard & soft fruitVegetables for human consumptionCrops for stockfeedingPeas & beans for combiningPotatoesOilseed & linseedCerealsLand Set Asidehectares2010 Angus (hectares)0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000Figure 12 Composition of Arable Farming in Angus in 2010Arable farming is a huge industry in Angus with cereals being the most abundant crop grown in 2010.Angus’ Contribution to Scottish Arable ProductionAs Angus contains 40% of Scotland's Class 1 agricultural land it is no surprise that it is a major player in the productionof food for domestic consumption – see figure 9. Angus and Perthshire are famed for their soft fruit growing andthere has been a resurgence of this industry locally in recent years. Oilseed rape is also a popular crop and dominatesthe landscape in mid spring.35.00%30.00%25.00%20.00%15.00%10.00%5.00%0.00%Angus' Contribution to Scottish Agriculture (in terms of hectares)CerealsOilseed &linseedPotatoesPeas &beans forcombiningCrops forstockfeedingVegetablesfor humanconsumptionOrchard &soft fruitOther cropsFigure 13 Angus’ Contribution to Scottish AgricultureData shown in Figure 14 below, taken from the 2010 Census of agriculture published by SEERAD shows the changesin agriculture crops and practices in Angus over the last ten years. Livestock farming has seen the growing ofvegetables for human consumption and leaving land to sit as bare fallow land have seen the largest changes inpractice. See table 8 below.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 33

Total employeesWorking spousesWorking occupiers personsTotal poultryTotal pigsTotal sheepTotal cattlelivestockTotal area of agricultural landOther landWoodlandRough grazingsGrasslandBare fallow landOther cropsOrchard & soft fruitVegetables for human consumptionCrops for stockfeedingPeas & beans for combiningPotatoesOilseed & linseedCerealsLand Set Aside hectaresANGUS 2001- 10%age change-200.0% -100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 200.0% 300.0% 400.0% 500.0% 600.0% 700.0%Figure 14 Changes in Agriculture Crops and Practices 2001 ‐10Table 8. 2010 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE ‐ ANGUSSource: SEERAD:ASD12010Angus%age ofnationalagriculturallandCategory 2001 Angus 2001‐10 change %age changeScotlandLand Set Asidehectares 8332 ‐8332 ‐100.0% 0 0.00% 0Cereals 44085 ‐610 ‐1.4% 43475 10.24% 424,357Oilseed & linseed 5398 ‐378 ‐7.0% 5020 13.95% 29,043Potatoes 8411 873 10.4% 9284 29.64% 31,322Peas & beans forcombining 448 ‐53 ‐11.8% 395 5.84% 6,760Crops forstockfeeding 1170 ‐146 ‐12.5% 1024 4.48% 22,853Vegetables forhumanconsumption 2197 3002 136.6% 5199 31.71% 16,396Orchard & softfruit 499 26 5.2% 525 27.17% 1,932Other crops 378 464 122.8% 842 10.81% 7,790Bare fallow land 225 1427 634.6% 1652 7.57% 21,821Grassland 25134 7240 28.8% 32374 2.36% 1,373,100Rough grazings 86765 ‐6929 ‐8.0% 79836 2.5% 3,190,885Woodland 4478 1073 24% 5551 1.39% 399,080The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 34

Category 2001 Angus 2001‐10 change %age change2010Angus%age ofnationalagriculturallandScotlandOther land 3358 947 28.2% 4305 4.25% 101,204Total area ofagricultural land 190878 ‐897 ‐9.8% 189,981 3.37% 5,633,412Total cattlelivestock 51117 ‐5032 ‐9.8% 46085 2.53% 1,819,705Total sheep 161986 ‐29204 ‐18.0% 132,782 1.97% 6,745,507Total pigs 50937 ‐16519 ‐32.4% 34418 8.42% 408,798Total poultry 1335120 ‐365,813 ‐27.4% 969,307 6.64% 14,587,837Working occupierspersons 804 ‐79 ‐9.8% 725 2.62% 27,659Working spouses 364 8 2.2% 372 2.84% 13,093Total employees 1417 816 57.6% 2233 8.44% 26,448The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 35

5. Soil5.1 BackgroundSoil and the organisms which live in it may not be very charismatic or eye catching but soil and its biodiversity performsome really vital tasks for the survival of ecosystems. Soils can store carbon, they filter water, manage waste bydecomposing debris, and that in turn provides us with fertile soil for growing.Angus’ soils perform a large number of economic and environmental functions. Many industries, including farmingand food production, forestry and tourism, depend on the sustainable use of soils. Soil management also plays animportant role in sustainable flood management.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 36

5.2 Soil PolicyScotland has a strong track record in soil protection. Research shows Scottish soils are generally in good shape.Pressures on soils can be intense. The most significant of those pressures in the future may be climate change and lossof soil organic matter through erosion, flooding, compaction, loss of biodiversity and nutrient leaching all caused by achanging climate. At the same time there are increasing and conflicting calls on Scotland’s soil resource. There is arising demand for locally produced Scottish food; an increasing requirement for infrastructure development forestrycover and renewable energy production.Figure 15 Threats to Scottish SoilsFigure 13 ‐ Ranking of threats to soils across all soil functions at national scale (based on, A number of Threats toScottish Soils after Towers et al. (2006))Policy instruments are currently in place which provide some aspects of protection to soils (see figure). However, noone legislative or policy tool has been developed specifically with the protection of soil in mind. Where policy orlegislation does relate to soil, it is generally limited to the protection of a specific impact or function of that soil.Figure 16 Main policy areas contributing to soil protectionThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 37

The Scottish Soil Framework 2009 was developed with key stakeholders, with the aim of raising awareness about theservices that our soils provide to society and the pressures they face. The objective of the Framework is to instigate aprocess by which key stakeholders will work together to achieve better soil protection.5.3 Vacant and Derelict Land in AngusDereliction and vacant properties may be symptoms of wider problems, but can promote a spiral of degradation.Reclamation of derelict land can help to revitalise local environments. On the other hand, some vacant and seeminglyderelict areas can provide a haven for wildlife and therefore in environmental terms, represent a positive contributionto biodiversity ‐ however unsightly they may seem to the casual onlooker.The Scottish Executive collects data from local authorities and publishes the results annually in the Scottish Vacant andDerelict Land Survey (SVDLS). The survey is a co‐operative effort between local authorities and the Scottish ExecutiveDevelopment Department.Whilst there has been a slight (+1%) increase in the amount of derelict and vacant urban land across Scotland as awhole between 2002 and 2010, in Angus there has been a significant decrease (‐20%). This is partly due to thedevelopment of the vacant Orchardbank site and number of other derelict sites.Total Derelict and Urban Vacant Land (Ha) 32002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 %change2002‐2010Angus 212 153 152 172 162 166 166 163 170 ‐20%Scotland 10,646 10,559 10,513 10,491 10,988 10,803 10,858 10,863 10,771 1%Table 8 Derelict & Vacant Land 2002‐2010Hectares Urban Vacant Land and Derelict land 2002‐ 2010Angus 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 %change2002‐2010Vacant land 33 33 31 53 48 55 53 52 53 2%Derelictland179 120 121 118 114 111 113 112 117 ‐35%Table 9 Urban Vacant Land & Derelict Land 2002‐2010The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 38

Derelict & Vacant Land in Angus 2002-2010250200150100DerelictVacantHa 3 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010500Figure 17 Derelict & Vacant Land AngusThe following map shows the location and spread of vacant and derelict land in Angus:Figure 18 Scottish Vacant and Derelict Land Survey 2009The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 39

5.4 New Development Split between Greenfield and Brownfield Sites:5.4.1 Housing and IndustryAttractive streets and buildings, low levels of traffic, noise and pollution, green spaces, and community safety arefundamental to a good quality of life whether in a town, village or countryside. New developments must be plannedin ways, which revitalise our urban areas, ensure thriving rural communities, conserve the historic environment andmaintain the character of our townscapes and countryside.The terms Brownfield and Greenfield are used as a means of describing land to be used for development purposes.Brownfield sites are abandoned or underused industrial and commercial facilities available for re‐use. Greenfield sitescan be undeveloped land in a city or rural area either currently used for agriculture or landscape design or left tonaturally evolve. These areas of land are usually agricultural or amenity properties being considered for urbandevelopment.In order to protect the countryside by minimising new Greenfield development and encourage the momentum ofurban regeneration, there is a need to re‐use previously developed land, and to bring empty buildings back into use.New development within existing urban areas contributes to the revitalisation of communities and enables people tolive near to shops and employment thus reducing the need to travel.The Angus Local Plan Review (2009) In support of this approach the ALPR gives priority to the reuse of previouslydeveloped sites by allocating such sites for development and through supportive policies on brownfieldredevelopment.* New Development on Greenfield and Brownfield Sites: Employment LandThe Breakdown of Brown & Greenfield Sites Used forEmployment in Angus 2000-201054.5AREA (Hectares)43.532.521.51GreenfieldBrownfieldLinear (Greenfield)Linear (Brownfield)0.502000/012001/022002/032003/042004/052005/062006/072007/082008/092009/10YEARFigure 19 Breakdown of Brown & Greenfield Sites Used for Employment 2000‐2010Figure 19 shows the Angus Council employment land take up since 2000. It is clear that the area of both green andbrownfield land has reduced steadily over the last decade.The figures below show the breakdown of employment land take up throughout the Angus area from 2000‐2010. Thiscan be further broken down into prime and general quality industrial land.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 40

Location of Take up of Employment Land in AngusPrime General Industrial Land 2000-2010876543210Montrose,Forties RoadArbroath,KirktonForfar,OrchardbankArbroath,ElliotBrechinBusinessPark/GatewayForfar,OrchardbankGatewayAREA (Hectares)SITEFigure 20 Location of Take Up of Employment Land in AngusPrime general industrial land has been developed to a larger extent in Forfar over the last decade than in other Angustowns. All towns have seen the development of industrial parks.Location of Take up of Employment Land in AngusOther General Industrial Land 2000-20102.5AREA (Hectares)21.510.50Montrose,BroomfieldBrechin,Montrose RoadCarnoustie,PanmureOther Urban :ForfarRuralSITEFigure 21 Location of Take Up of Employment Land in Angus (Other General)Sites of general industrial land quality have been utilised to a larger extent in towns such as Montrose and Brechinrather than Arbroath and Forfar. The proximity of these sites to infrastructure such as main roads, housing, otherindustry etc. is factored into determining whether these sites are prime or general industrial land.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 41

*New Development on Greenfield and Brownfield Sites: Housing LandHouse completions in Angus from June 2000 to June 2010450NO OF HOUSES40035030025020015010050ALL GREENFIELDALL BROWNFIELDLinear (ALLBROWNFIELD)Linear (ALLGREENFIELD)020002001200220032004200520062007200820092010YEARFigure 22 House Completions in Angus 2000‐2010Figure 22 shows the take up of housing land as completions from June 2000 – June 2010.Building on greenfield sites has decreased whereas on brownfield it has marginally increased even though there havebeen very similar annual peeks and troughs over the last 10 years.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 42

6. Pollution6.1 BackgroundPollution is the introduction ofcontaminants into a natural environmentthat causes instability, disorder, harm ordiscomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physicalsystems or living organisms. Pollution cantake the form of chemical substances orenergy, such as noise, heat, or light. Arange of pollutants are found in Angus invarying degrees. Their abundance levels aredetermined mainly by land use practicesand human settlment practices.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 43

6.2 Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ)The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) requires Member States to identify areas where groundwaters have nitrateconcentrations of more than 50 mg/l nitrate or are thought to be at risk of nitrate contamination. Areas associatedwith such groundwaters are designated as Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs). Scotland has four zones designated in2002‐03 and Angus is part of the Strathmore and Fife zone. Member States are required to establish ActionProgrammes in order to reduce and prevent further nitrate contaminationAt present the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) have 75 active groundwater monitoring sites wherethey monitor nitrate levels in the Angus and Fife NVZ.The information in the map below is based on the average concentration for the last 6 years data (2004‐2009) andwas provided by SEPA’s Specialist Hydro geologist department. A summary of information is listed below:• There are 8 sites with a rising trend ‐ 4 of these sites have nitrate concentrations greater than the drinkingwater standard (DWS) of 50 mg/l* as NO 3 .• There are 4 sites with a downward trend ‐ 1 of these sites has nitrate concentrations greater than thedrinking water standard (DWS) of 50 mg/l* as NO 3.• There are 19 sites with no trend ‐ 3 of these sites have nitrate concentrations greater than the drinking waterstandard (DWS) of 50 mg/l* as NO 3.* Milligrams per litre (mg/LFigure 23 Nitrate Vulnerable ZonesThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 44

6.3 Contaminated LandFor the purposes of Part llA, contaminated land is identified as “any land which appears to the local authority in whosearea it is situated to be in such a condition, by reason of substances in, on or under the land: significant harm is being caused or there is a significant possibility of such harm being caused; or significant pollution of the water environment is being caused or there is a significant possibility of such pollutionbeing caused.Harm is defined as “harm to the health of living organisms or other interference with the ecological systems of whichthey form a part, and in the case of man includes harm to his property”.Substance is defined as “any natural or artificial substance whether in solid or liquid form or in the form of gas orvapour”.Angus Council has not ‘Designated’ any sites as ‘Contaminated Land’ but the area of ‘Potentially Contaminated Land’ isnow approx 4000 Ha.6.4 Air QualityA key sustainable development objective is to control air pollutions in order to reduce the risks of harm to humanhealth, the natural environment and quality of life. The DETR’s “Local Quality of Life Counts” handbook of localindicators for sustainable development outlines the following pollutants as having been associated with potentialhealth impacts:• Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ): is thought to have both acute and chronic effects on airways and lung function,particularly in people with asthma.• Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ): affects the lining of the nose, throat and airways of the lung, in particular among thosewho suffer from asthma and chronic lung disease.• Ozone (O 3 ): affects breathing and lung function.• Carbon monoxide (CO): reduces the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen and deliver it to the tissues and canblock important biochemical reactions in cells.• PM 10 : particulate air pollution episodes are responsible for causing excess deaths among those with preexistinglung and heart disease.In addition, Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 places an obligation on local authorities to regularly review andassess air quality in their area and to determine whether or not air quality objectives for the following pollutants arelikely to be achieved:• Benzene• 1, 3 – Butadiene• Carbon Monoxide• Lead• Nitrogen Dioxide• Particles (PM 10 )• Sulphur DioxideTo meet this obligation, Angus Council has produced reports on an annual basis and submitted these to the ScottishGovernment and Scottish Environmental Protection Agency for comment. Copies of these reports are available on theCouncil’s A‐Z of Services (“Air Pollution and Air Quality”). These reports have consistently concluded that the airquality objectives are met. However, the Council has been advised to maintain its current monitoring programme forNitrogen Dioxide and PM 10 , and to assess the combined impacts of biomass burning within Angus.The chart below outlines the level of complaints from the public regarding air quality in Angus. The table below thechart shows the breakdown of the different types of complaints.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 45

Air Quality ComplaintsNo. of Complaints2001801601401201008060402001999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009YearFigure 24 Air Quality ComplaintsAir Pollution Complaints/Enquiries by Type – 2006 to 2009Pollution TypeSourceNumber of Complaints2006 2007 2008 2009Chemical Releases2 0 1 1Dust/Fumes Industry/Trade/Business Premises 6 9 12 5Dust Other Sources 3 1 1 0Enquiry 22 40 29 25Smell Affecting Neighbourhood (misc. sources) 34 13 9 10Smell Agricultural Spraying/Spreading 9 5 11 5Smell Industry/Trade Premises 34 13 9 10Smell Sewage Treatment Works 6 8 7 6Smoke (Dark) Chimney(s) 1 8 5 4Smoke (Dark) Industry/Trade Premises 4 1 8 6Smoke Non Domestic 14 14 10 4Smoke Domestic Premises 3 4 4 6Smoke Domestic Bonfires 23 13 10 8Smoke General Nuisance 10 10 3 4Smoke Straw/Stubble Burning 2 3 3 0Misc. Air Pollution 2 9 14 12TOTALS 181 158 144 115Table 10 Air Pollution Complaints/Enquiries by Type 2006‐2009The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 46

7. Travel & Transport7.1 BackgroundWe can all see the effects of the way we travel on our environment, our health and our quality of life. Increases inroad traffic have produced unsustainable levels of congestion and pollution. The effects can be felt at a local levelthrough poor air quality, noise and busier roads and at a global level through climate change. Journeys by road arebecoming slower and more unreliable causing problems for business and stress to drivers. It is important that we alltake responsibility for the way we travel and look for ways of reducing the impact of our journeys.In December 2006 the Scottish Executivepublished Scotland’s National TransportStrategy (NTS). The NTS states that “it is forthe public sector to demonstrate leadership insustainable travel plans”. In March 2007Tayside and Central Scotland TransportPartnership (TACTRAN) in partnership with itsfour constituent councils (Angus, Perth,Stirling and Dundee) prepared a RegionalTransport Strategy (RTS), setting out a visionand programme for improving the Region’stransport infrastructure, services and otherfacilities, over the 15 years to 2021. The RTSwas produced in line with Scottish ExecutiveGuidance and aims to deliver TACTRAN’svision of:“a transport system shaped by engagement with its citizens, which helps deliver prosperity and connects communitiesacross the region and beyond, which is socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable and which promotes thehealth and well‐being of all.”At a local level Angus Council developed its own Travel Plan (for staff and visitors to council offices) which wasapproved by Strategic Policy Committee in March 2008. Since then a number of initiatives within the plan have beenimplemented including: Promoting cycling through a number of initiatives such as providing commuter cycle training for staff, providing apool of bicycles at the three main offices for staff to use for short business journeys, providing facilities such asshowers, clothes and cycle lockers, introducing a cycle loan salary sacrifice scheme, introduced a cycle mileageallowances (20p per mile) for staff using their own bike for business journeys, and participating in nationalpromotional events such as “Bike Week”; Promoting car sharing through the employment of an internet car sharing scheme AngusLiftshare.com, providingpreferential car sharing parking bays at the main offices.In February 2010 the council received a “Cycle Friendly Employer” Award from Cycling Scotland in recognition for theirefforts in promoting cycling to staff.7.2 Traffic Volume in AngusAlthough the car has brought many economic and social benefits, it has also brought problems. Nationally, the cost ofcongestion runs into billions of pounds each year. Road traffic is one of the fastest growing contributors togreenhouse gas emissions, which cause climate change, and add substantially to local air pollution and noise levels,damaging health and quality of life.One of the Government’s key objectives is to encourage people to walk, cycle or use public transport more and theircars a little less, and to reduce the need for travel through better land use planning.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 47

Traffic Volumes in Angus 2000-2010300,0006200250,00060005800200,000150,000100,00050,00056005400520050004800Actual CountAveraged by No. of Count Sites0Year 200035 SitesYear 200141 SitesYear 200244 SitesYear 200348 SitesYear 200445 SitesYear 200639 SitesYear 200946 SitesYear 201044 Sites4600Figure 25 Overall Traffic Volumes on Angus RoadsPlease Note:• Due to faults with counter sites no data is available for years 2005, 2007 and 2008. Also, the above figures exclude traffic on trunk roadsand only those traffic count sites used consistently each year are included.• 5 day average/16 hour counts pre‐2009 and 7 day average/24 hour counts 2009 /2010.• The averaged by number of count sites graph line is only an indication of the overall trend due to the varying number of count sites eachyear with full data, and is therefore not an accurate reflection of annual traffic volumes in AngusThe above figures should be considered against a background of continual rise in traffic on major roads in Scotlandsince 1993 (DfT estimates). The total volume of traffic on major roads in Scotland in 2008 has risen by 11% in the tenyear period 1998‐2008. Motorway traffic was estimated to have increased by 32% for the ten year period 1998‐2008,representing more rapid growth than the rises in traffic on trunk A roads (7%) and non‐trunk A roads (6%).Traffic on minor roads is estimated to have risen by 18% between 1998 and 2008 and the total volume of traffic on allroads in Scotland in 2008 was estimated to have risen by 14% since 1998.Cars account for nearly four‐fifths (77%) of the total volume of traffic on the roads (i.e. of the total for major roads andminor roads combined), light goods vehicles for 14% and heavy goods vehicles for 6%.Since 1998, the volume of car traffic has increased by 10%, light goods vehicle traffic by 35%, and heavy goods vehicletraffic by 14%.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 48

7.3 Mode of Travel to work in AngusOne of the Government’s key objectives in transport is to strike the right balance between transport’s role in helpingthe economy progress and allowing people to travel wherever they need to go, while at the same time protecting theenvironment and improving quality of life. Previously, traffic growth has been associated with economic growth, butthe resulting volume of traffic leads to congestion, noise and air pollution and contributes to greenhouse gasemissions, which cause climate change.A key objective in the Angus Local Transport Strategy is to maintain and improve accessibility to jobs, services andfacilities for all members of the Angus Community in the most sustainable way and this involves encouraging anincrease in the proportion of journeys to work, school, shops etc by foot, cycle and public transport.Travel to Work Employed adults (16+) method of travel to work and whether they could use public transport byLocal Authority, 1999 – 2007Usual method of travel to workCar/van commutersCar/van Bus OtherSample size(=100%)Coulduse PTCould notuse PTSample size(=100%)row percentagesrow percentages1999/2000 62 14 24 547 64 36 324Aberdeen City2001/2002 66 13 22 563 68 33 3592003/2004 67 13 20 509 50 50 3322005/2006 63 17 20 522 54 46 3191999/2000 76 5 19 571 30 70 435Aberdeenshire2001/2002 76 4 20 517 31 69 3762003/2004 78 4 18 563 25 75 4262005/2006 79 5 16 532 27 73 4011999/2000 61 18 21 261 59 41 156Dundee City2001/2002 68 14 18 291 57 43 1862003/2004 60 20 20 281 50 50 1682005/2006 67 9 24 262 59 41 1651999/2000 68 5 26 288 32 68 193Angus2001/2002 69 6 26 291 31 69 1942003/2004 65 4 32 253 31 69 1632005/2006 70 7 23 254 37 63 173Table 11 Travel to Work Employed AdultsSource: Statistical Bulletin: Transport Series Trn/2009/1: Bus and Coach Statistics: 2007‐08The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 49

HOUSEHOLDS WALKING TIME TO THE NEAREST BUS STOP AND FREQUENCY OF SERVICESamplesize(=100%)NoBusServiceWalkTimeNotKnownWalkTime of14+ minWalking Time to Nearest Bus StopWalking Time 7‐13 MinutesWalking Time up to 6 Minutesbuses per hourbuses per hourFreq.unknownLessFrequentFreq.unknown 5+ 3 or 4Lessthan 1per hourYear 5+ 3 or 4 1 or 2row percentagesAberdeen City 2005/2006 49 30 5 0 8 1 3 1 1 1 0 0 1,235Aberdeenshire 2005/2006 2 8 32 9 21 0 0 7 3 12 3 5 1,236Dundee City 2005/2006 39 22 14 0 17 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 911Perth & Kinross 2005/2006 21 5 40 9 12 0 0 5 1 3 1 2 704Angus 2005/2006 2 21 33 3 26 0 1 3 3 5 2 3 619Table 12 Households Walking Time to Nearest Bus Stop & Frequency of Service50The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011

7.4 Mode of Travel for school childrenA switch of school journeys from the car to walking, cycling or bus would help to improve children’s health andindependence and reduce road traffic, congestion and air pollution. There is a need to encourage necessary access tofacilities, services, goods and other people in ways, which make less use of the car and minimise impacts on theenvironment.Local authorities are being asked to implement School Travel Strategies and plans that in many cases involve localschools carrying out surveys of their pupils, parents and staff. The advantage of this option is that it is also a way ofengaging pupils, teachers and parents with sustainable development issues.The following represents the current information regarding how children travel to school in Angus: 2558 pupils are entitled to free school transport There are 61 schools in Angus and currently 42 schools have or are working on school travel planning activities asfollows:Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3No travel plan and not working on any activity.Working on travel planning activities but not written aplan.Have at least a written plan but this could be more thanone plan.19 Schools4 Schools38 Schools One Walking Bus currently in operation in Angus at Ladyloan PS. This has been running since August 2005. The 2008 National Hands‐Up Survey was the first national dataset designed to look at mode of travel to schoolacross Scotland. In 2009 the survey was repeated using the same methodology. In both years the question ‘Howdo you normally travel to school?’ was asked over the same one week period in September. The survey is a jointproject between School Travel Co‐coordinators working in Scotland and Sustrans.Active travel ‐ National 49.9% of children surveyed in 2009 travelled to school in an active way (walking, cycling or using a scooter or skateboard) compared to 51.8% in 2008 walking was the most frequent form of active travel in both 2008 and 2009 (48.3% and 47.0% respectively) 2.3% of all pupils cycled in 2009 compared to 2.8% in 2008 primary school children are most likely to cycle to school with 3.4% choosing this method in 2008 and 3.0% in 2009 Independent school children are less likely to travel to school in an active way than those in state schools. 25.2% ofindependent school children travelled to school in an active way in 2009 compared to 29.8% in 2008.The table below compares Angus with the national results for travel modes by school type:Travel Modes by School TypeSchool Year Walk Cycle Scooter/ Park& Driven Bus Taxi Other TotalTypeskate StrideAngus 2008 51.8% 2.3% 0.5% 7.3% 24.8% 11.5% 1.7% 0.1% 6790PS 2009 54.6% 2.6% 0.3% 7.0% 26.2% 7.4% 1.6% 0.2% 6767National 2008 51.6% 3.4% 1.0% 7.4% 26.1% 8.7% 1.6% 0.2% 260505PS 2009 49.5% 3.0% 0.8% 8.4% 27.9% 8.5% 1.7% 0.2% 268242Angus 2008 47.2% 5.4% 0.0% 4.3% 13.6% 28.4% 0.6% 0.3% 3147SS 2009 55.5% 3.1% 0.2% 3.0% 11.5% 25.1% 1.2% 0.3% 4530National 2008 42.8% 1.6% 0.2% 3.6% 12.7% 37.2% 1.0% 0.9% 129161SS 2009 42.8% 1.2% 0.2% 3.5% 14.3% 35.9% 1.2% 0.9% 144436Table 13 Travel Modes by School TypeThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 51

The above table shows that Angus children are walking to school slightly more than the national average. PrimarySchool children in Angus tend to cycle less than the national average but secondary school children are cycling quite abit more than the national average (3.1% in Angus compared with 1.2% nationally). Park & Stride is a bit lower inAngus but fewer pupils are driven to school than the national average. Similarly, fewer pupils in Angus take the bus toschool than the national average.The 3 rd Annual Hands‐Up Survey will take place between13‐17 September 2010.Encouraging Cycling and WalkingFunding for cycling, walking and safer streets (CWSS) projects includes provision of cycle storage facilities andpurchasing of reflective jackets and trolleys for schools to use when setting up formal “Walking Buses” and alsoengineering and other works to promote “safe routes to school” has continued thus: 2008/09 ‐ £191,000 2009/10 ‐ £191,000 2010/11 ‐ £191,0007.5 Dedicated Cycle lanesThe Travel Plan recognises the steady rise in road traffic in recent years and highlights the need to change our travelhabits in a way that would benefit the environment. A key objective within the Plan is to encourage people to cyclemore and reduce their use of cars for both commuter and recreational journeys. Increasing cycling also has addedhealth benefits for the individual by increasing fitness levels and helping to keep people’s weight down. One way ofencouraging more cycling is providing dedicated routes for cyclists or by marking out lanes on existing roads.Other routes such as the Sustrans/North Sea Route promotes“green tourism” and encourages people to visit an area for cyclingholidays. Sustrans stands for sustainable transport and is a charitythat works on practical projects to encourage people to walk andcycle more through creating a National Cycle Network ‐ 45,235metres of the National Network and the North Sea Cycle routeruns through Angus.The chart below shows the length of existing dedicated cycleroutes in Angus as at March 2004 and includes on street and offstreet cycles lanes as well as shared use. The chart also includes1,690 metres of Arbroath and Montrose sections of theSustrans/North Sea Route.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 52

Dedicated Cycle Lanes in Angus180001600014000Metres120001000080006000200420062010400020000Arbroath Carnoustie Forfar Monifieth Montrose A90/B9127SpittleburnMartyon toFerrydenFigure 26 Dedicated Cycle Lanes in Angus7.6 Path Structure in AngusPaths are about more than just enjoying the outdoors. They can make a contribution to sustainable transport; thereare health benefits for users and economic benefits for the local area. They can provide health benefits throughencouraging the physical activities of walking, horse riding and cycling. Paths are a key element in environmentalimprovement schemes. They make the countryside accessible without the need for a car providing more recreationalopportunities close to where people live and work. Their use helps raise environmental awareness and paths can helpbiodiversity and can provide ‘wildlife corridors’ enabling wildlife to move freely from area to area. In addition, pathsare the cheapest form of recreation to create and maintain and the whole community regardless of income, age orability can use them. Figures quoted in this section are for countryside paths that are managed and/or signposted forpublic use. They may include paths linking to the countryside through urban green spaces, but do not include otherurban paths. Figures are approximate lengths as of July 2010.The Angus Countryside Access Strategy 2007‐2012outlines priorities for developing countrysideaccess in Angus. Key priorities for pathdevelopment are Burgh Path Networks, AngusCoastal Path, Eastern Cairngorms Access Project,and Village Path Networks. Angus Council has alead role in developing the first three, and willassist local communities with the latter.Angus Council currently manages around 125km ofoff‐road path networks and cycle routes.Burgh ‘Paths for All’ Networks Networks of signposted paths, tracks and minor roads have been developed around Forfar, Arbroath, Brechin,Kirriemuir and Monifieth. These networks contain around 126km of routes, of which 82km are off road.Angus Coastal Path A 12km coastal cycle route has been created, linking Easthaven to the Angus Council boundary with Dundee City. An 8km stretch of coastal path now links Arbroath with Auchmithie.Eastern Cairngorms Access Project 11miles/17km of low‐level paths was developed as part of this project. The project also restored four high levelmountain paths and developed the Brechin and Kirriemuir path networks.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 53

Village Path Networks Local communities in Newtyle and Muirhead/Birkhill have developed around 20km of signposted path networks.The Letham community also maintains around 5km of paths.Core Paths Plan The Core Paths Plan for Angus was adopted in 2010. This gives statutory designation to over 500km of off‐roadpaths. A separate Core Paths Plan, covering the Cairngorms National Park, has already been adopted. The majorityof the paths referred to above are included within these plans.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 54

8. Climatic Factors8.1 BackgroundClimate Change is one of the most serious threats facing Scotland and the world today. Climate refers to the averageweather experienced over a long period of time, typically 30 years or more. .The Earth’s climate has changed manytimes in response to natural causes. The term climate change usually refers to changes that have occurred since theearly 1900s. Due to past emissions, a certain degree of climate change is now unavoidable. Effects of changingweather patterns in Scotland will vary depending on the severity of global warming but even at the low end of thespectrum, the impacts are going to be significant. It is widely accepted that climate change is already being felt inScotland.Natural and man made factors both affect global climate. Natural causes include interactions between the ocean andthe atmosphere, changes in the Earth's orbit and volcanic eruptions. Humans influence global climate by releasinggreenhouse gases – like carbon dioxide and methane – into the atmosphere. .These gases absorb energy that isradiated from the Earth’s surface, warming the atmosphere and increasing temperatures globally.In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s most authoritative body on climatechange, concluded that “most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid‐20th centuryis very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic (man‐made) greenhouse gas concentrations”.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 55

8.2 Angus’ Changing ClimateThe most recent set of UK probabilistic Climate Projections for the UK were released by the Department forEnvironment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) in 2009. Assuming a future with medium‐high global emissionsproduction, changes to Angus’s climate are likely to include: Temperature: The annual temperature on Scotland’s East coast may rise by up to 3.5 oC in the summer and 2.5 oCin the winter by the 2080s, becoming warmer in summer and winter months. Rainfall: While winters may become wetter, summers will become generally drier across Scotland by the 2080s;the pattern of change may not be the same across Scotland. UKCIP09 estimate eastern Scotland may experiencethe most extreme percentage changes in precipitation and going against these trends, a decrease in winter and anincrease in summer (see figure 27 below). Snow cover: Average snowfall may decrease, perhaps by up to 90% less depending on the location, and snowlesswinters may become normal in some parts by the 2080s; Snowfall is likely to reduce by 50% or more across all ofScotland, particularly in eastern Scotland where it may reduce by up to 90% by the 2080s. Growing season: Scotland's growing season may become longer, by between 20 and 60 days by 2080. Sea level: It is predicted that Scotland's sea levels may rise relative to the land, in some areas. By 2080 the currentestimates range between 0 and 600 mm sea level rise. 0.4% of Angus is classed by the Scottish Executive as at riskfrom coastal flooding.Eastern Scotland Recorded RainfallJanuary & July 1990-2009200Rainfall in mm150100500JANJULYLinear (JULY)Linear (JAN)200820062004200220009896949290YearFigure 27 Eastern Scotland Recorded Rainfall 1990‐2009Figure 27 shows the changes in east coast precipitation. The Data was collected at the Leuchars Met Office recordingstation.8.3 Angus Local Climate Impact ProfilePreviously in Angus, there was no concise record of severe weather events. Do we understand which areas are mostvulnerable to specific types of events, their frequency, potential changes in frequency and ultimately the cost of theseevents, socially and economically?The Local Climate Impacts Profile (LCLIP) is a simple tool designed to help organisations to assess their exposure toweather and climate. By studying the past, the LCLIP process highlights a locality’s vulnerability to severe weatherevents and how these events affect local communities as well as local authority assets, infrastructure and capacity todeliver services. It is a starting point for a better understanding of the future and undertaking a local climate impactprofile (LCLIP) gives us a basis for identifying where the gaps in our knowledge are and which direction we must headin to put an adaptation strategy in place.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 56

Angus LCLIP SummaryAngus most frequently experiences high winds, heavy rain and heavy snow, all three weather types significantly affectinfrastructure. High winds lead to damage to buildings, roads blocked by fallen trees, windblown forestry plantationsand blown over gravestones. The resulting high seas which have often led to the temporary closure of Montrose Portresult in no vessel movement, logistics, stevedoring or weighbridge. High seas have also led to boat strandings, and inworst case scenarios drownings have occurred when swells along the coast are extremely large.Heavy rain is perhaps the most destructive of all and in recent years riverine and surface flooding has increased infrequency throughout the entire area. Two large rivers the North and South Esk, the River Isla and many tributariesmeander through the countryside and catchment management and planning in the past have meant that propertieswhere built on the flood plain. In fact, 4.7% of Angus is classed as at risk from fluvial flooding.Surface flooding is also a major cause of problems as more frequent heavy rain fall does not allow the ground to dryout and many areas remain waterlogged, meaning that water is not absorbed into the water table as readily, causingflooding on roads, fields and residential areas.Number of types of Extreme Weather Events throughoutAngus from 2001 - 2009Heavy snowHigh windsNo of WeatherEvents16141210864202001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Heavyrain/floodingHeavy rainHigh seasYearFigure 28 Number of Types of Extreme Weather Events Angus 2001‐2009The number of extreme weather events has increased annually since 2006. This could be down to changes in weatherpatterns and also more frequent reporting by the media of weather events.Eighteen locations in Angus experienced severe weather events over the eight year study period and as seen in figure29. Many events caused impacts over the entire region. From the data collected Montrose Port is most regularlyaffected by high winds, Arbroath has also felt the affects of these high winds and has suffered periodic occurrences ofstructural damage.Towns like Brechin which sits on the area’s largest river, the South Esk has been affected by heavy rain and flooding ashave many areas of inland Angus bordering this river. The River North Esk has also flooded significantly in the northof the region, mainly in the Logie area. Locations throughout Angus have experienced wind damage, blocked roads,fallen trees, drifting snow, riverine flooding and surface flooding and there are strong links between the frequency andintensity of these events and the intensity of impacts to individuals and communities.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 57

Location of Extreme Weather Events by location inAngus 2001-2009No of Events302520151050AngusMontroseBrechinArbroathEdzellForfarLogieGlen IslaCarnoustieCrombieDrum of DunLocationGlamisGlen DollInverkeilorKirriemuirLethamLunan BayRedfordBridgefootFigure 29 Location of Extreme Weather Events by Location in Angus 2001‐2009Many weather events affected the Angus area as whole, generally due to large weather fronts moving through thisrelatively small area. Montrose port was affected frequently by high seas and this is why Montrose features soprominently in comparison to al of the other Angus towns and villages which have less variation.8.4 Angus Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThe 2008 “Carbon Dioxide Emissions at Local Authority and Government Office Region Level” report was published on16th September 2010. The table below summarises information from the report which provides estimates ofemissions of carbon dioxide for the Angus Local Authority area for the years 2005‐2008. Figures published previouslyfor 2005‐07 have been revised so that they are directly comparable to the 2008 figures. Full details are available onthe Department of Energy and Climate Change web site at:http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/climate_change/gg_emissions/uk_emissions/2008_local/2008_local.aspxYearAngus Local CO 2 emission estimates, sector and fuel details (Units kt CO 2)Industry andRoad LULUCF* Total Population * Per CapitaCommercial Domestic TransportEmissions(t)2005 307 318 259 91 975 108.8 9.02006 302 321 269 112 1,004 109.3 9.22007 305 316 271 120 1,013 109.9 9.22008 305 317 264 131 1,017 110.3 9.2Table 14 Angus Local CO 2 Emission Estimates*Population ('000s, mid‐year estimate)*kt CO 2 ‐ A unit of weight or capacity equal to 1,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide*LULUCF Land use, land‐use change and forestryNote ‐ Figures are rounded; therefore sub‐regional, regional and national sums and per capita figures may differ slightlyThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 58

9. Waste9.1 BackgroundThe types of waste we produce, all forms of wastemanagement, and the transport of waste, have impacts on theenvironment. Waste is a potential resource and increased levelsof reuse, recycling and energy recovery will contribute tosustainable development. The reduction of waste at source is atthe top of the “waste hierarchy”, followed by reuse or recoverythrough recycling, composting or energy recovery and finally,disposal of what is left.The Scottish Government published Scotland’s Zero Waste Planin June 2010 introducing the requirement to meet the long termtargets of recycling 70% of all Scotland’s waste, and only 5% ofremaining waste ending in landfill by 2025.The Scottish Government will develop a Waste Prevention Programme for all waste, in line with the EU WasteFramework Directive, in order to place prevention at the heart of zero waste policy and action. They will introduceprogressive bans on the types of materials that may be disposed of in landfill, and associated support measures, toensure that no resources with a value for reuse or recycling are sent to landfill, by 2020.In addition, the Scottish Government will introduce a carbon metric for waste, to identify and prioritise the materialswith the highest environmental benefit for recycling, leading to better environmental outcomes, and a more efficienteconomy. The Zero Waste Plan indicates that the Scottish Government intends to put landfill bans and associatedmeasures in place to deliver on the commitment to achieve a zero waste society.The Scottish Government, with local planning authorities and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, will ensurethe land use planning system supports the Zero Waste Plan through the consolidated Scottish Planning Policy (SPP),the revision of waste planning guidance (Planning Advice Note 63) in 2010 and the provision of local wasteinfrastructure mapping and data.The intention is that a requirement be introduced to collect the undernoted wastes separately: Food waste, from households and business sectors, such as commercial kitchens, hospitality sector, food retailersand manufactures. Materials such as paper/card, metals, plastics, textiles andglass from all sources.The overall objectives of separate collection are: to increase the quantity of recyclable materials collected; to improve the quality of recyclable materials by minimisingcontamination; to support stable market demand for high quality, high valuerecyclable materials.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 59

9.2 Recycling In AngusThe 2020 target is to reduce the amount ofbiodegradable waste going to landfill so that 35% isrecycled and a further 20% is composted.The table below gives details of the amount of waste collected by Angus Council and how much is recycled/reused,composted, landfilled or incinerated at the waste incinerator plant in Dundee (DERL).Municipal Waste April 2005 to March 2010YearTotal MunicipalWaste Recycled /Reused (Tonnes)Total MunicipalWaste Composted(Tonnes)Total MunicipalWaste Landfilled(Tonnes)Total MunicipalWaste Incineratedand Other Recovery(Tonnes)Total MunicipalWaste Managed(Tonnes)Apr‐05 Mar‐06 17992 6272 30242 17135 7164125.11% 8.75% 42.21% 23.92%Apr‐06 Mar‐07 13551 10190 48007 6777 7852617.26% 12.98% 61.14% 8.63%Apr‐07 Mar‐08 15623 11488 37792 13281 7818519.98% 14.69% 48.34% 16.99%Apr‐08 Mar‐09 15753 11947 37325 12344 7736920.36% 15.44% 48.24% 15.95%Apr‐09 Mar‐10 17468 12539 33317 13456 7678022.75% 16.33% 43.39% 17.53%Table 15 Municipal Waste 2005 ‐ 2010The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 60

10. Cultural Heritage10.1 BackgroundAngus has a wide variety of built heritage. Angus’ location covering coast to mountains gives way to a rich and variedbuilt heritage with over 2000 listed buildings ranging from doocots to castles, lighthouses to telephone boxes. Theconservation areas are just as varied and cover small hamlet type settlements to much bigger expanses in most of themajor towns each with their own individual character. These combined with areas of archaeological interest andScheduled Ancient Monuments are important to the history and development of Angus and part of its attraction forthose who live, work or visit the area.10.2 Scheduled Ancient Monuments in AngusAncient monuments and archaeological remains are important because they are evidence of the past development ofsociety and help us to understand and interpret the landscape of today. As a finite and non‐renewable resource, oncelost, they are gone for good and are therefore deserving of protection from development.Sites of national importance are scheduled as Ancient monuments by Historic Scotland and owners of such propertiesmust apply to them for consent to carry out repairs, alterations, demolition, or any work affecting the monument.There are a total of 393 sites as at October 2009. (2006 – 394 sites) This is a loss of one (industrial) site between 2006and 2009.Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Angus (see Glossary for explanation of categories)Category No. of Sites 2006 No. of Sites 2009Prehistoric Ritual and Funerary 108 108Prehistoric Domestic and Defensive 220 220Roman 9 9Crosses and Carved Stones 14 14Ecclesiastical 14 14Secular 25 25Industrial 4 3Total 394 393Table 16 Scheduled Ancient Monuments in AngusThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 61

10.3 Listed Buildings in AngusThe Scottish Ministers are required to compile lists of buildings of special architectural or historic interest. Theadministration of both local and national conservation policies is based on these lists. All buildings erected before1840, the character of which remains substantially unimpaired, are included. Later buildings are selected on the basisof their individual character and quality. Special regard is paid to: planned streets, villages or burghs; works of well known architects; buildings clearly associated with famous people or events; good examples of buildings connected with social and industrial history and the development of communications; distinctive regional variations in design and use of materials; good examples within individual building types; and technological innovation.ANGUS – SUMMARY OF LISTED BUILDINGS (as of 2009)Source: Historic Scotland/Angus Council‐Planning & Transport2009CategoryA2006Category A2009CategoryB2006CategoryB2009CategoryC2006CategoryC2009TOTALS2006TOTALSBurghs 32 32 324 470 502 359 858 861Parishes 64 96 696 744 531 483 1291 1323Total 96 128 1020 1214 1033 842 2149 2184For a definition of the categories – see GlossaryTable 17 Summary of Listed Buildings 2009The extent to which historic buildings and structures are in poor to very bad condition is an indicator of the state ofhealth of the built environment, urban regeneration and the creation of sustainable communities. New developmentneeds to look for opportunities to conserve the local heritage.Historic Scotland maintain a “Buildings at Risk” (BAR) register which is a list of buildings (generally a listed building, ora building within a conservation area) which may be vacant, lacking a foreseeable new use, and suffering from neglectand/or poor maintenance, fire damage, damage from the elements, or structural problems. The Buildings at RiskRegister for Scotland (which was resurveyed in 2009) shows the position in Angus as being 93 Buildings at Risk. Thetotal of 93 buildings is made up from the following categories:The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 62

Building ClassificationNumberAdministration 0Commercial 12Defence 0Education 2Farming 18Funery 0Health 2Industry 11Law 1Monuments 2Public Services 3Recreation 1Religion 14Residential 26Transport 1Total Number of Buildings at Risk in Angus 93Table 18 Total Number of Buildings at Risk in AngusFor further information and details about individual properties on the BAR Register go tohttp://www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk/BAR/search.aspxThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 63

REFERENCESTable 19 List of ReferencesSECTION INDICATOR SOURCE WEBLINKOne Population &Human HealthAngus Community Health PartnershipAngus Council, Chief Executive’sDepartment, Neighbourhood Services,Environment & Consumer Protectionhttp://www.scotpho.org.uk/web/files/profiles/chpreport_2008_Angus.pdfhttp://www.angus.gov.uk/TwoBiodiversity,Flora & FaunaScottish Natural HeritageAngus Councilhttp://www.snh.gov.uk/http://www.angus.gov.uk/services/view_service_detail.cfm?serviceid=1222Three Water Scottish Environmental ProtectionAgencyScottish WaterScottish Governmenthttp://www.sepa.org.uk/water/river_basin_planning.aspxwww.sepa.org.uk/water/idoc.ashx?docid=ad645392‐8757‐410f...1http://www.scottishwater.co.uk/portal/page/portal/SWE_PGP_HOUSEHOLD/SWE_PGE_HOUSEHOLD/SWE_HH_WTRFourLandscapeCharacterUse&Angus Council, Angus Local Plan Review2009Angus Council “Woodland ForestryFramework”Scottish Governmenthttp://www.angus.gov.uk/localplan/ALPReviewAdoptedsection3.pdfhttp://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2010/03/17091237Five Soil Scottish Governmenthttp://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/farmingrural/Agriculture/Environment/NVZintrohttp://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/05/20145602/5http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/09/21115639/0Six Pollution Scottish Environmental ProtectionAgencyhttp://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/farmingrural/Agriculture/Environment/NVZintroSeven Travel &TransportAngus Council, Infrastructure Services,Education Department.Scottish Government – StatisticalBulletinshttp://www.angus.gov.uk/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/282666/0085518.pdfThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 64

SECTION INDICATOR SOURCE WEBLINKSustrans (Sustainable Transport)www.sustrans.org.ukEight Climatic Factors Angus Council Local Climate ImpactProfileScottish Environmental ProtectionAgencyhttp://www.angus.gov.uk/sustainability/pdfs/LCLIP.pdfhttp://www.sepa.org.uk/flooding.aspxNine Waste Angus Council, Neighbourhood Services –Environmental Management, DirectServicesTenCulturalHeritageScottish GovernmentHistoric ScotlandAngus Council, Infrastructure Serviceshttp://www.angus.gov.uk/services/View_Service_Detail.cfm?serviceid=1298http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2010/06/08092645/0http://www.historicscotland.gov.uk/index.htmhttp://www.angus.gov.uk/services/View_Service_Detail.cfm?serviceid=1397http://www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk/BAR/search.aspxThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 65

GLOSSARYGENERAL/ACCRONYMSAAG: (Tay) Area Advisory GroupCAR: Controlled Activity RegulationsCHP: (Angus) Community Health PartnershipCoPA: Control of Pollution Act 1974CWSS: Cycling, Walking and Safer StreetsDEFRA: Department for Environment, Food and Rural AffairsDETR: Department of the Environment, Transport and RegionsDWQR: Drinking Water Quality RegulatorEU: European UnionGDP: Gross Domestic ProductIPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeLCLIP: Local Climate Impacts ProfileNHER: National Home Energy RatingNVZ: Nitrate Vulnerable ZoneSEPA: Scottish Environment Protection AgencySEERAD: Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs DepartmentSUSTRANS: Sustainable TransportSVDLS: Scottish Vacant and Derelict Land SurveyWFD: Water Framework DirectiveANCIENT MONUMENTSCategories of MonumentThe categories under which monuments are grouped are as in the list above. Note that a single monumentwill appear more than once in this list if it has features which relate to different categories, e.g. achambered cairn with recent shielings will appear under ‘prehistoric ritual and funerary’ and also under‘secular’. The name of the monument will often, but not invariably, reflect such multiple attributions.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 66

Prehistoric Ritual and Funerary includes cairns, chambered cairns, long cairns, ring cairns, barrows,chambered barrows, long barrows, mounds, ring enclosures, henges, stone circles and rows, standingstones and cup‐marked stones.Prehistoric Domestic and Defensive includes forts, duns, brochs, galleried dwellings, souterrains, houses,hut circles, homesteads, settlements, enclosures, palisaded enclosures, crannogs, field systems, cairnfieldsand cultivation terraces.Roman includes military works, civil settlements and roads.Crosses and Carved Stones includes crosses, cross slabs, market crosses and cross‐incised stones, as well asPictish symbol, stones, inscribed stones, tombstones and some miscellaneous sculptured stones. Thecategory does not include cup‐marked stones (Prehistoric Ritual and Funerary) or milestones (Industrial).Ecclesiastical includes churches and chapels (sometimes prefixed ‘old’ or ‘former’ if there is likely to beconfusion with more recent sites nearby), monasteries, nunneries, priories, burial grounds and burialenclosures. Note that churches in ecclesiastical use are excluded from the scope of the Schedule.Secular includes non‐prehistoric works which are basically military or defensive such as castles, forts andmottes; works which are basically domestic such as houses and settlements; earthworks, homesteadmoats, towers and bastles which fall between the military and the domestic; and a range of other workssuch as barracks, artillery mounds, roads, bridges, tollbooths, dovecotes, Martello towers, prisons, hospitalsand sundials.Industrial includes canals and associated structures such as graving docks, tunnels, bridges and signallamps; mills of various kinds, pottery kilns, engine houses, engines and railway stations. It also includessome iron bridges. This category includes monuments particularly characteristic of the IndustrialRevolution, but also earlier sites representing the processing and manufacturing side of Medieval life, suchas salt pans and early mines, as well as some important industrial monuments of more recent date, forexample a whaling station and gasworks.(Source: Historic Scotland 1999)LISTED BUILDINGSDefinition of CategoriesCategory A – Buildings of national or international importance, either architectural or historic, or fine littlealteredexamples of some particular period, style or building type.Category B – Buildings of regional or more than local importance, or major examples of some particularperiod, style or building type which may have been altered.Category C(S) – Buildings of local importance, lesser examples of any period, style, or building type, asoriginally constructed or altered; and simple, traditional buildings which group well with others incategories A and B or are part of a planned group such as an estate or an industrial complex. The C(S)category includes the best of the buildings previously not statutorily listed but given a C category (this lattercategory is being phased out in the course of the resurvey). In addition some buildings are designated “B”for group”: this category is also being phased out and those buildings (if still considered to merit inclusion inthe lists) are being assigned to one of the three categories.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 67

Designated Natural Heritage Sites in AngusAPPENDIX ISITE DESIGNATION AREAINTEREST(Ha)Auchterhouse Hill SSSI 251.3 Sub‐alpine wet heath and upland dwarf shrub heathBalloch Moss SSSI 15.38 Raised mire which demonstrates an unusual hummockand hollow structure on the peat dome surface.Balshando Bog SSSI 3.6 A kettle hole mire with rich fen vegetation encroachingon a small area of open water and associated meadow.Barry LinksSACSSSI789.671027.51The dune system and associated habitats supportbreeding little terns, spiders and an assemblage ofbryophytes.Blacklaw Hill Mire SSSI 26.76 A saddle mire surrounded by acidic dwarf shrub heath.Carrot HillMeadowSSSI 8.49 The site supports species rich mire plant communitiescharacteristic of ground flushed by spring water.Craigs of Lundieand ArdgarthLochCrossbogPinewoodSSSI 30.03 The site comprises of dry grassland, heath and valley fenat the foot of south facing base‐rich cliffs, and two areasof basin fen.SSSI 62.66 Native pinewood which is the only one of its kind inAngus. Some typical pinewood fauna such as redsquirrel, crossbill and capercaillie occur on site.Den of Airlie SSSI 91.29 A mixed deciduous gorge woodland which supports anexceptionally high numbers of woodland vascularplants, mosses and liverworts, many of which are rare.Den of Fowlis SSSI 8.27 Mixed deciduous valley woodland of ash, wych elm andoak with characteristic herb‐rich ground flora.Den of Ogil SSSI 5.86 Species rich plant communities particularly associatedwith upwelling springs which flush into Burn of Ogil.Dilty Moss SSSI 36.52 Raised bog which has been cut‐over and disturbed inthe past resulting in the development of a wide range ofwetland plant communities which are scarce in Angus.Dryley’s Brickpit SSSI 1.27 Important site for studies of relative sea‐level change inEastern Scotland during the Devensian Lateglacial(about 13,000 – 10,000 years ago). The sediments arefossil‐bearing and in the past yielded a range of animalremains, including shells, seal and duck bones.Dun’s Dish SSSI 31.19 A eutrophic lowland loch with extensive open watertransition mires. Site supports a high number ofbreeding birds, particularly wildfowl.East Haven SSSI 1.14 Dune grassland with 85 species of native vascular plants,including greater yellow rattle, pyramid orchid, hardrush and frog orchid.Elliot Links SSSI 27.1 Sand dune, transition sand dune and invertebrateassemblage.Forestmuir SSSI 68.2 One of the few intact areas of unimproved lowlandgrassland, heath and mire left in Angus which supports aThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 68

SITE DESIGNATION AREA(Ha)INTERESTrich flora, including several uncommon plants such ascoral‐root orchid.Gagie Marsh SSSI 5.2 Wetland plant community with a rich flora of over 100vascular plants.Gannochy Gorge SSSI 46 Non‐marine Devonian geology. Important bryophyteand lichen assemblage and beetles species.Kinnaber Links(part of St.CyrusSSSI)SSSI 304.91 The varied site consists of sand dunes, lichen rich duneheathland, foreshore, river estuary and saltmarsh. Thesite is also important for grasshoppers and crickets.Little Ballo SSSI 10.54 Wet meadow areas containing alder and mineralenriched grassland.Lochindores SSSI 17.49 Basin and valley mire (peatland) system. Several locallyrare plants occur including nodding bur marigold, hoarywillowherb and blue water speedwell.Loch of KinnordyLoch ofLintrathenLong Loch ofLundieMonifeith BayMontrose BasinNorth Esk andWest WaterPalaeochannelRescobie andBalgavies LochsSPA/SSSI/Ramsar Site/RSPBReserveSPA/SSSI RamsarSiteSWT Reserve86 Eutrophic loch with open water and transition fen.Important for breeding birds and wintering pink‐footand graylag goose186.4 Eutrophic loch important for greylag goose and mallard216.81SSSI 31.43 Mesotrophic loch with fen vegetation and a variety ofwater plants such as lesser tussock sedge and a rarewater starwortSAC/SSSI/ 199.23 Wintering eider duck and sanderlingRamsarSPA 986.6 Enclosed estuarine basin of the River South Esk.SSSI 953.42 Habitats include saltmarsh, extensive mud flats at lowRamsar Site 984.62 tide, brackish and freshwater habitats. Excellent forLNR 1024 wintering wildfowl and waders such as pink‐foot andSWT Reservegreylag goose, wigeon, knot, dunlin, redshank and eider.SSSI 284 Assemblage of Quaternary (Ice Age) and fluvial (river)landforms formed at the end of the last glaciation.SSSISWT Reserve178.83 Eutrophic loch with basin fen. The basin fen supportsnationally scarce plant species such as cowbane, tuftedloosestrife and coral root orchid.Restenneth Moss SSSI 35.52 Moderately nutrient‐rich wetland plant communitiesRickle Craig ‐Scurdie Nesswhich is almost unique in Angus. Notified for itspeatland and swamp communities with tussock sedgeand common reed.SSSI 72.17 Rocky stretch of coastline of Old Red Sandstone(igneous) which contains the best exposures of theFerryden Lavas. There is also a range of saltmarshcommunities present and unimproved species–richgrassland which supports a wide range of uncommonplants and a diverse mollusc fauna.River South EskSAC 478.62 Atlantic salmon and freshwater pearl mussel(linear)Rossie Moor SSSI 130.43 Series of lowland oligotrophic and mesotrophic mirecommunities surrounded by lowland dwarf shrub heath.An exceptionally large number of species of waterbeetle and several flies which are nationally rare arefound here.Round Loch ofLundieSSSI 7.77 A nutrient‐rich loch with characteristic rich fen and aldercommunities.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 69

SITE DESIGNATION AREA(Ha)INTERESTThe River Tay &its TributariesSAC 9497.72 Brook, river and sea lamprey, Atlantic salmon, otter.Clear water lochs with aquatic vegetationTurin HillSSSI 18.87 Quarries have inland exposures of sedimentary rock(composite site)layers containing rare fossils. These fossils are ofanimals related to spiders and scorpions calledeurypterids and plant fossils.Whitehouse Den SSSI 0.2 Fossil‐containing sedimentary rocks laid down around390 million years ago.Whiting Ness toEthie HavenCoastSSSIPart SWT ReserveTable 20 Designated Natural Heritage Sites in AngusLocal Wildlife Sites in Angus136.17 Sea cliffs and rocky shore which supports nestingseabirds, wintering waders and a wide range of coastalplant communities and locally rare invertebrates. Site isgeologically important for exposures of Upper Old RedSandstone and Ethie Lavas.SITE DESIGNATION AREA INTEREST(Ha)Auchleuchrie Local WildlifeSite17.2 Semi‐natural deciduous woodland, marsh, willow, scrub andsemi‐improved acid grassland.Ballintore FishPondLocal WildlifeSiteSemi‐natural deciduous woodland dominated by downybirch, marshy grassland, flood plain mire, broad leavedplantation woodland and improved grassland. The area ofmarshy grassland is larger than average for Angus.Balloch MossBlair MuirBraes of AirlieDeanwaterBankDen of OgilReservoirLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteA small bog site, the periphery of which has been cut fordomestic use. The primary vegetation is Calluna vulgaris.The secondary, wetter bog ha a more complex plantstructure.A large site in upland Angus comprising dry acid heath,broad leaved semi natural woodland, wet shrub heath andwet ditches. The site retains locally rare habitats althoughnot diverse in species.6.9 Semi‐natural woodland and semi‐improved grassland and asmall pond. Locally rare bristle club‐rush, broad‐leavedpondweed and pond water‐crowfoot occur on this site.9.42 Semi‐improved neutral grassland and tall ruderalvegetation. Yellow oat grass (rare in Angus), blue waterspeedwell and hairy St. John’s wort are recorded at this site.101.24 Locally rare species include white and brown sedge,climbing corydalis, purple moor grass and broad –leavedpondweed.Dilty MossEasthavenEgno MossEskhillLocal WildlifeSiteSSSILocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteSome birch and willow scrub, vegetation dominated byCalluna vulgaris, Eriophorum vaginatum and Eriophorumangustifolium1.14 Dune grassland with 85 species of native vascular plants,including greater yellow rattle, pyramid orchid, hard rushand frog orchid.201.1 Large areas of semi‐improved acid grassland and locally rarehabitats which include marsh, wet modified bog andbroadleaved woodland. Osprey have nested here.59.21 Downy birch woodland, some wet heath and semiimprovedacid grassland. Fragrant orchid, lesser butterflyThe State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 70

SITE DESIGNATION AREA(Ha)Glamis Den andHunter’s HillGrange of AirlieInzionKaims of AirlieLemno BurnLeys of LindertisLogie WoodsLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSite and part ofLoch ofLintrathen SWTReserveLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteINTERESTorchid, chickweed wintergreen and creeping willow occurhere.106.7 Coniferous plantation in the main with smaller areas ofbroad‐leaved woodland, marshy grassland, open water andgrassland. Over 120 species of plants have been recordedand the site supports a large number of bird species.17.09 Marsh grassland, fen, semi‐improved acid and neutralgrassland, scrub and swamp. Many local rarities occurincluding bird’s foot, sundew, butterwort, plicate sweetgrass,dioecious sedge and lesser tussock sedge.18.67 15 hectares of semi‐improved acid grassland, broadleavedwoodland, marshy grassland and swamp.14.73 Semi‐improved acid and neutral grassland, deciduous woodand conifer. Locally rare species occur including hairysedge, narrow buckler‐fern, plicate sweet‐grass and wildhyacinth.6.44 Unimproved neutral grassland, marshy grassland, scrub andwater. The site has a high number of bird species and 9locally rare plants.2.66 Marshy grassland, broad‐leaved woodland and swamp.31.21 Mainly coniferous plantation with smaller areas ofdeciduous woodland. Species of interest include plicatesweet grass, common twayblade and water pepper.Melgam WaterOak Wood,RuthvenReekie LinnRiver Isla ‐DrylochRiver South Esk‐ KintrockatThe ThornLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteLocal WildlifeSiteTable 21 Local Wildlife Sites in Angus20 Broad‐leaved woodland and smaller conifer plantation.Ground flora is typical of semi‐natural conditions andsupports a number of locally rare species.16.8 15ha of semi‐natural broad‐leaved woodland which ispredominately Pedunculate Oak with a good semi‐naturalground flora. Site supports 81 species of plant of which 4are locally rare.23.51 Species of interest include rare fragrant agrimony, hairybrome, enchanter’s nightshade and mountain melick. 143species of vascular plant recorded.Linear site on banks of River Isla. Site supports a number oflocally rare plant species.Broad‐leaved woodland, tall ruderal, neutral grassland andswamp. 135 species of flora recorded, of which 14 arelocally rare.16.94 Semi‐improved neutral grassland with scattered silver birchand planted sitka spruce. 1ha of mature semi‐naturalbroad‐leaved trees.The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 71

THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REPORT FOR ANGUS 2011Photo CreditsAll images kindly supplied by Angus Council, www.montroseimages.com, River South Esk CatchmentPartnership, Kelly Ann Dempsey and TACTRAN.September 2011The State of the Environment Report for Angus 2011 72

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