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70Michał Szpinda, Marcin DaroszewskiFig. 3. Derivationof the fourbranches fromaortic arch (typeIII of Anson) ina male fetusaged 19 weeks:1-ascendingaorta, 2-aorticarch, 3-aorticisthmus, 4-brachiocephalictrunk, 5-leftcommon carotidartery, 6-leftvertebral artery,7-left subclavianartery, 8-right common carotid artery, 9-right subclavianartery, 10-right vertebral artery, 11-right vagus nerve, 12-left internal carotid artery, 13- left external carotid arteryDiameter [mm]Original diameter [mm]Original diameter [mm]Diameter [mm]6,55,54,53,52,51,5BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNKDiameter = -1.9835 + 0.1948 x Age ± 0.3728r = 0.95 P0.05)0.364 ± 0.075↓ (P0.05)0.409 ± 0.095↓(P>0.05)Brachiobicarotidtrunk(mean ± SD)0.738 ± 0.089↓(P>0.05)0.684 ± 0.102↓ (P0.05)0.894 ± 0.097↓(P>0.05)70.640 ± 0.102 0.466 ± 0.098 0.412 ± 0.098 0.920 ± 0.0718 ↓(P0.05) ↓ (P>0.05) ↓(P>0.05)9 0.686 ± 0.097 0.480 ± 0.101 0.423 ± 0.103 0.916 ± 0.088DISCUSSIONDigital-image analysis is a well-established methodfor evaluating angiometric parameters providing quantitativedata in assessment of the growth of cardiovascularstructures. It is obviously accepted that growth ofthe arterial diameter relates to blood flow.The normative data we have produced for the absolutediameters of the aortic arch branches indicate theproportional increase with advanced fetal age, accordingto the linear fashion. A particular strength of thisstudy is the large number of normal specimens used to
Quantitative anatomy of the aortic arch branches in human fetuses: an anatomical, digital and statistical study 71generate the growth curves. In material under examination,the original external diameters of the aortic archbranches increased as follows: y = -1.9835 + 0.1948x ±0.3728 for the brachiocephalic trunk, y = -1.5228 +0.1428x ± 0.2749 for the left common carotid artery, y= -1.2169 + 0.1233x ± 0.2389 for the left subclavianartery, and y = -3.034 + 0.2845x ± 0.4253 for thebrachiobicarotid trunk. The above-mentioned linearfunctions were the best model for the growth of thediameters examined, because correlation coefficientsbetween the diameters examined and fetal age werevery high (r = 0.95; 0.97) and statistically significant(P
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