24Figure 3.1: Table LabelPDO in 2004 # of PDO # of Part of the % of the#Farms production total valuePGI in 2004 of PGI# of FarmsWine 470 75 000 43,00% 81,00% Poultry 31Cheese45 30 000 17,30%Fruits andvegetables14Other products 32 10 000 Sheep meat 6Olive 11 15,00% Milk 5Fruits and vegetables 9 Bovine meat 5Meat 5 Pig meat4Honey 2 Salted meat 3Condiments 1 Fish2Fodder 1Baker's products2Essential oil 1 Cider2TOTAL 547 115 000 Honey2Pasta1TOTAL 78 25 0003.1 Attributions of labels and appellationsFor more than thirty years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery has held a policy to promote andrecognize the quality of foodstuffs due to food know-how, which is definitely a part of a cultural inheritancewhich should be identified and valorised. In order to do this, the Ministry of Agriculture andFishery has set up a system of official quality guarantees (i.e. Label Rouge, Agriculture Biologique,Certificat de Conformité) issued after advice from the National Commission for the labels and certificationsof agro-food products (CNLC), for which it ensures the secretarial work.The CNLC is composed of three sections:- “Examination of the referential”, which advices on all specifications and labelling, labels,CCP, protection of geographic indications and certificate of specificity.- “Organic agriculture”, which advises on specifications about the organic mode of productionof animal products and products of animal origin, and on the projects of regulating organic agriculture.- “Registration for the certification bodies”, which advices on registration requests of certificationbodies who issue a label, the certificate of conformity (CCP) or the organic mode of promotion(AB).Each section is composed of boards which ensure the representation of all the protagonists impliedwithin the certification: producers, agricultural inputs and food suppliers, process-makers, distributors,manufacturers, consumers, administrations. More over, this Ministry also takes part in the policy forthe protection of the registered designation of origin (AOC, PGI), and the National Institute for thelabels of origin (INAO) is in charge of its recognition. To apply for PGI or TSG you must have a LabelRouge or a CCP before you can apply for a PGI or a TSG. (Bérard & Marchenay, 2004, p.51-54)In the case of the Label Rouge, Regional Label or PGI, the professionals must initially create an interprofessionalstructure called "grouping". The grouping works out a schedule of the conditions andchooses an organization certifier. All labels and PGI are evaluated by the CNLC (The National Commissionfor the Labels and Certifications of Agro food products). Before attribution of a Label Rouge,a sensitive analysis is required. It is only the quality signs which introduce taste as an essential parameterfor the products in its definition.
French Official Quality Signs 25For a label or a CCP, the specification of the product is submitted to the expertise of specialists, andthen examined by the section “Examination of the referential” of the National Commission for the labelsand the certifications of agro food products (CNLC). In the case of the Label Rouge, the scheduleof conditions must show the level of higher quality of the product and is accompanied by the results ofthe tests of tasting. For the organic mode of production (AB), the specialisations of the product issubmitted to the expertise of specialists and then examined by the section “Organic Agriculture” of theCNLC. For PDO, the INAO is competent for the recognition of the AOC with the delimitation of thegeographic areas of production and registration (Figure 3.1). For PGI, the grouping works out twoschedules of conditions: one to show the level of quality of the product (higher quality in label, specificcharacteristics for the certification of conformity CCP) and the other to show the bond in thegeographical origin (Figure 3.2).Today in France, there are 23 certifying organizations which have an activity in Label and PGI. Theyare all approved and accredited. All the certifying organizations must be approved by decree of theMinistry for Agriculture and Fishery and the Ministry in charge of consumption. This approval is allottedafter an opinion of the section "approval of the organizations certifiers" of the CNLC. For PGI,the accreditation and approval are supplemented by a convention of control passed between the INAOand the organizations certifiers.