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4 th International Symposium of Biotechnology10 – 11 th November 2011, Bucharest, RomaniaP.I.17. RHODIOLA ROSEA L. IN VITRO PLANTSMORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND CYTOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICSKrasimira TASHEVA and Georgina KOSTURKOVAInstitute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaPhone: + 359 2 974 6228; Fax: + 359 2 978 5516Correspondence to: Krasimira Tasheva, E-mail: krasitasheva@yahoo.comKeywords: medicinal plant, golden root, in vitro, cytological and morphological characteristicsRhodiola rosea L. (Golden Root, Roseroot) is an endangered species and is protected bylaw in Bulgaria and other countries. Rhizome and roots extracts are used as a stimulant of immunesystem, adaptogen, and for prophylactics and cure of socially important diseases – cancer,cardiovascular, etc.Schemes for in vitro propagation and plant regeneration were established previously. Theaim of the present work is to characterize morphologically and cytologically regenerants. Concerningflowers, leaves, stem and rhysomes no differences were recorded between the wild plants and theregenerated plants grown ex vitro in the adaptation room, in the green house and in the mountain. Todetect chromosome number, commonly used techniques for squash preparations were modified foruse of Rhodiola rosea root tip meristem cells from regenerants. In vitro plants obtained on differentculture media were subjected to cytological analysis. The chromosome number in all samples was 2n= 22, which confirms the diploid level of plant regenerants and cytogenetic identity with the wildtype.The study indicates that the established in vitro schemes are suitable for mass propagationand production of identical plants of this endangered medicinal species which could be a basis forrestoration of the natural habitats and for establishment of fields for growing plants for production ofpharmacologically valuable substances.46
4 th International Symposium of Biotechnology10 – 11 th November 2011, Bucharest, RomaniaP.II.1. DEVELOPMENT OF MAMMALIAN EMBRYOS AT THEINTERNATIONAL SPACE STATIOND.M. Barry<strong>De</strong>partment of Animal Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, SouthAfrica, Tel 0027-15-9628372, Fax 0027-15-9628598, email daniebarry@live.co.zaKeywords: sheep, mice, mammalian embryos, International Space Station, culture.During the launch of the Soyuz rocket and Space Capsule No. 33 by Energia, the RussianRocket and Space Corporation, from Baikonur, Kazakhstan, we sent mammalian embryos for aperiod of 10 d in a portable incubator (Biotherm, Australia) with Mark Shuttleworth, (the firstAfrican in space), to the International Space Station (ISS).One-cell stage embryos were collected from multi-ovulated local Tegeres sheep ewes, andthe 1-cell mice embryos (n = 510) were collected from F1-hybrid mice bred in Moscow, Russia. Thesheep and mice embryos were collected at Baikonur, close to the Soyuz launching site. The embryoswere cultured at 38.5°C at the ISS.During the flight the culture medium in the test tubes containing the embryos were changedevery second to third day by injecting the medium from reservoir tubes into the specially adaptedculture test tubes in the portable Biotherm incubator. The culture medium used was TCM-199 with20% FBS, 1% antibiotics, and 0.5% of both essential and non-essential amino acids. A filter in theculture test tubes prevented the suspended experimental embryos from being flushed out of the culturetubes. The spent medium was collected into a plastic bag by means of a fixed tube. Control embryossamples were cultured under similar conditions on earth for the duration of the space flight.After their return from outer space, the embryo and the corresponding control samples were frozenimmediately (Freeze Control, Cryologic, Australia) in liquid nitrogen, using ethylene glycol as acryo-preservative. The control and space samples were then transported to a Biotechnologylaboratory in South Africa for evaluation and further analysis. It was shown that the sheep and mouseembryos grown under micro-gravity conditions for the 10-d interval at the ISS developed past thehatching stage of the embryo, and an enlargement and outgrowth of the inner cell mass was observed.Of the sheep embryos cultured at the ISS, 37.5% reached the hatched blastocyst stage, while 25% ofthe control sheep embryos hatched.47
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