Desalination Plant Intakes - WateReuse Association

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Source: US Fish and Wildlife ServiceFigure 4 – Average Daily Desalination Intake Impingement Impact Is Less than the DailyFish Intake of One PelicanThe California State Water Resources Control Board report mentioned earlier also gives abaseline for assessment of the entrainment impact of seawater intakes. The study indicates thatthe magnitude of such annual impact on larval fish can vary in a wide range – from 0.08 million(MM)/MGD (Contra Costa Power Plant) to 5.8 MM/MGD (Encina Power Plant) and illustratesthe fact that the entrainment impact is very site-specific.As per the same report, the average annual entrainment is estimated at 2.14 million of fish larvaeper MGD of intake flow. Prorated for a 110 MGD intake of a 50 MGD seawater desalinationplant, this annual entrainment impact is 235.4 MM of larval fish/yr. While this number seemslarge, based on expert evaluation and research, large entrainment numbers do not necessarilyequate to a measurable impact to adult fish populations because of the enormous amount of eggs,fish larvae and other zooplankton in seawater 5 . Due to the large natural attrition of larval fish,very few larval fish actually develop to juvenile and adult stages in the natural environment (seeFigure 5) 6 . The majority of larvae are lost to predation, exposure to destructive forces of naturesuch as wind and wave action, and the inability to find appropriately-sized pray during the5 http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/cwa316/docs/workshop_oakland2005/pres_tenera.pdf6 http://www.scwd2desal.org/documents/Presentations/Nov_10_2010/02_Tenera_nov10_web.pdfSeawater Desalination Plant Intakes – Impingement and Entrainment Page 5
critical period of their development (i.e., after their yolk sack is empty). All of these forces haveseveral orders of magnitude higher impact on fish populations than seawater intakes.Source: Tenera EnvironmentalFigure 5 – Typical Reproduction and Survival of Larval Producing OrganismsFor example, a single female halibut produces as many as 50 million eggs per year for as long as20 years, or one billion eggs over a lifetime 7 . In simple terms, the annual entrainment impact ofone 50 MGD desalination plant would be comparable to the annual bio-productivity of fiveadult female halibut fish (i.e., the “environmental impact” which five fishermen can cause withtheir daily halibut catch quota of one fish each).The environmental impact of desalination plant operations should be assessed in the context ofthe environmental impacts of water supply alternatives that may be used instead of desalination.Desalination projects are typically driven by the limited availability of alternative lower-costwater supply resources such as groundwater or fresh surface water (rivers, lakes, etc.). However,damaging long-term environmental impacts may also result from continued over-depletion ofthose conventional water supplies, including inter-basin water transfers. For example, overpumpingof fresh water aquifers over the years in a number of areas worldwide (i.e., the SanFrancisco Bay Delta in Northern California; wetlands in the Tampa Bay region of Florida; andfresh water aquifers, and rivers and lakes in northern Israel and Spain, which supply water tosustain agricultural and urban centers in the southern regions of these countries), has resulted insubstantial environmental impacts to the traditional fresh water resources in these regions. One7 http://www.watereuse.org/sites/default/files/u8/Quote%207%20-%20Presentation.pdfSeawater Desalination Plant Intakes – Impingement and Entrainment Page 6
Page 2: WATEREUSE ASSOCIATIONDESALINATION C
Page 5: Source: Kennedy/Jenks ConsultantsFi
Page 10 and 11: energy consumption is achieved at a
Page 12 and 13: An integral part of a typical wedge
Page 14 and 15: environmental impact considering th
Page 16 and 17: A wedgewire screen intake I&E study
Page 18 and 19: Table 1 - Potential Open Intake Imp
Page 20 and 21: Source: Water Globe ConsultingFigur
Page 22: and levels of biological productivi

Desalination Plant Intakes - WateReuse Association

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