24EMC <str<strong>on</strong>g>2007</str<strong>on</strong>g> ADVANCE PROGRAMwith feedback technique is also evaluated with the board level filternetwork.SHIELDINGShielding Specificati<strong>on</strong> Techniques and MeasurementMethods for AircraftWilliam Prather, U. S. Air Force Research LaboratoryIf properly implemented, <strong>electromagnetic</strong> shielding can protect aircraftelectr<strong>on</strong>ics from harmful interference over a wide range of frequencies.The first step is to create a properly written set of specificati<strong>on</strong>sin measurable engineering units. If this is d<strong>on</strong>e, then theshielding system can be analyzed and measured in the laboratory and<strong>on</strong> board the aircraft. Using large aircraft as an example, this paperdiscusses shielding element specificati<strong>on</strong>s and the measurementmethods that can be used to verify them. Illustrative examples ofmeasured data are presented.Shielding Effectiveness of a Wire MeshHans A. Wolfsperger, Emscreen GmbHThis paper describes an analytic soluti<strong>on</strong> to determine the shieldingeffectiveness (SE) of an infinite wire mesh. The <strong>electromagnetic</strong> couplingthrough the holes is represented by electric and magneticdipoles, according to Bethe’s theory. The dipoles are interacting witheach other. They are rearranged in a way that allows calculating thereactive field strength as an infinite sum. Finally, the SE is calculatedunder c<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong> of the mesh’s c<strong>on</strong>ductivity.Evaluati<strong>on</strong> of the Electromagnetic Penetrati<strong>on</strong> of the NASASpace Shuttle Endeavour Using an Ultra-WidebandMeasurement SystemRobert Johnk, Nati<strong>on</strong>al Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST);Robert Scully, NASA; David Novotny, NIST; Chriss Grosvenor, NIST; NinoCanales, NIST Emeritus; Dennis Camell, NIST; and Galen Koepke, NISTThis paper summarizes a joint NIST-NASA measurement effort toevaluate the <strong>electromagnetic</strong> penetrati<strong>on</strong> of the shuttle Endeavour.NASA is c<strong>on</strong>cerned about the effects that microwave imaging radarsystems might have <strong>on</strong> critical avi<strong>on</strong>ics systems <strong>on</strong> its fleet of spaceshuttles. As part of a multifaceted effort, a portable, NIST-developed,ultra-wideband measurement system was deployed at theKennedy Space Center to evaluate <strong>electromagnetic</strong> penetrati<strong>on</strong> overthe frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz at selected locati<strong>on</strong>s insideEndeavour. The measurements were carried out inside a large metalhangar, which exhibited robust reverberant behavior. A combinati<strong>on</strong>of reverb chamber techniques and time/frequency signal processingpermitted the evaluati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>electromagnetic</strong> penetrati<strong>on</strong> at six differentlocati<strong>on</strong>s inside the orbiter.Engineering of Absorbing Gaskets Between Metal PlatesMarina Koledintseva; Sandeep Chandra; and James Drewniak, —University of Missouri-Rolla; and James Lenn, General Dynamics LandSystemsEngineering of absorbing material for gaskets that would be usedbetween two metal plates to reduce <strong>electromagnetic</strong> emissi<strong>on</strong>s andimprove immunity of electr<strong>on</strong>ic equipment is c<strong>on</strong>sidered. An analyticalmodel of a composite based <strong>on</strong> the Maxwell Garnett formulati<strong>on</strong>for multiphase mixtures, as well as the shielding effectiveness ofthis material, are presented. The full-wave numerical computati<strong>on</strong>alresults for the structure c<strong>on</strong>sisting of two overlapping metal platesand an engineered gasket composite material in the place of the overlapare presented.Protective Properties of a Generic Missile Enclosure toDifferent Electromagnetic InfluencesSven Fisahn, University of Hannover; Heyno Garbe, University ofHannover; and Frank Sabath, WISElectr<strong>on</strong>ic comp<strong>on</strong>ents and subsystems of a time critical system (e.g.an aircraft) must be highly unsusceptible to <strong>electromagnetic</strong> influences.In order to predict the immunity of a generic missile(GENEC) against <strong>electromagnetic</strong> influences, not <strong>on</strong>ly the electr<strong>on</strong>icsystem but also the enclosure has to be taken into c<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong>.Assuming a sufficient c<strong>on</strong>ductivity of the metallic enclosure, aperturesin this enclosure effect a substantial reducti<strong>on</strong> of the shieldingeffectiveness. The shielding properties of the generic missile could beinvestigated by means of a metallic hollow cylinder equipped withdifferent apertures. Numerical simulati<strong>on</strong>s and measurements of thiscylinder will be carried out and analyzed.Rethinking Shielding TheoryDavid Larrabee, East Stoudsburg UniversityThe traditi<strong>on</strong>al “shielding theory” for the shielding effectiveness ofenclosures is examined. It is shown that there can be significanteffects which are not included within a simple barrier based theory athigh frequencies. It is shown that a 1-dimensi<strong>on</strong>al box (using the fullMaxwell’s equati<strong>on</strong>s soluti<strong>on</strong>) has 1-D res<strong>on</strong>ances that can significantlyaffect the accuracy of a barrier based shielding calculati<strong>on</strong>.Treating the enclosure as a res<strong>on</strong>ant cavity with perturbati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>on</strong> thewalls is a better approach to the analysis of radiated emissi<strong>on</strong>s andradiated susceptibility problems at high frequencies (at and above thefirst res<strong>on</strong>ance). This has the added advantage of having been workedout quite thoroughly for wave guides and res<strong>on</strong>ant cavities.CABLES AND TRANSMISSION LINESOn Eliminating Crosstalk in a Multic<strong>on</strong>ductorTelecommunicati<strong>on</strong> CableRoblot Sandrine; and Zeddam Ahmed, — France Telecom R&DThis paper presents a method of crosstalk reducti<strong>on</strong> in a telecommunicati<strong>on</strong>cable composed of multiple c<strong>on</strong>ductors. Initially, an <strong>electromagnetic</strong>and topologic code is implemented to simulate themulti c<strong>on</strong>ductor transmissi<strong>on</strong> line when injecting the different signalsfollowing a particular combinati<strong>on</strong> of modes. Then, the far endcrosstalk voltage is determined. To picture those results, thecrosstalk results obtained by simulati<strong>on</strong> will finally be injected <strong>on</strong> areal line transmitting VDSL signal. With such a method, it appearsthat is possible to decrease crosstalk <strong>on</strong> the line, and c<strong>on</strong>sequently toincrease the bit rate level and reach of xDSL transmissi<strong>on</strong>s. Somestudies have already been undertaken to minimize crosstalk. Theseapproaches have been experimented <strong>on</strong> printed circuits, microstrip,etc. but rarely <strong>on</strong> telecommunicati<strong>on</strong> cables, which require a differentialmode transmissi<strong>on</strong> of signals and use a frequency band thatextends from 12 kHz to 30 MHz.A Study <strong>on</strong> Suppressi<strong>on</strong> of Crosstalk Between ParallelTransmissi<strong>on</strong> Lines in the High Frequency BandTakashi Kasuga, Nagano Nati<strong>on</strong>al College of Technology; and HiroshiInoue, Akita UniversityAs the parallel transmissi<strong>on</strong> line is used in the high frequency range,it is necessary to decrease the crosstalk S41 between transmissi<strong>on</strong>lines (TLs). This study shows the basic idea of some effective structureswhich can suppress the S41. When the distance between TLsis significantly varied, the S41 is also varied at the res<strong>on</strong>ance frequency.As the crosstalk S41 are measured and calculated for four©<str<strong>on</strong>g>2007</str<strong>on</strong>g> IEEE www.emc<str<strong>on</strong>g>2007</str<strong>on</strong>g>.org
EMC <str<strong>on</strong>g>2007</str<strong>on</strong>g> ADVANCE PROGRAM 25kinds of the multi layer structures, the S41 of the strip and shieldstructure are found to be -6dB smaller than that of MSL and embedded.To suppress the S41, the strip and shield structure are useful.SYSTEM LEVEL EMCElectromagnetic Topology: a Modular Juncti<strong>on</strong> Approachfor a System Level Interacti<strong>on</strong> ProblemPhumin Kirawanich, University of Missouri-Columbia; ChristosChristodoulou, University of New Mexico; Justin Wils<strong>on</strong>, University ofMissouri-Columbia; S. Yakura, U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory; andN. Islam, University of Missouri-ColumbiaA new approach to perform <strong>electromagnetic</strong> topology based simulati<strong>on</strong>is proposed by incorporating a modular scattering juncti<strong>on</strong> c<strong>on</strong>cept.This method substitutes the multistep computati<strong>on</strong> techniqueand is c<strong>on</strong>venient to implement. The method also allows for incorporatingsubstructural modificati<strong>on</strong>s and does not require repeatingsoluti<strong>on</strong>s to the entire system. The overall simulati<strong>on</strong> utilizes thetransmissi<strong>on</strong> line matrix compacti<strong>on</strong>, finite-difference time-domainmethod, and reciprocity theorem to simulate the system interacti<strong>on</strong>.Results are compared with experiments c<strong>on</strong>ducted in the laboratory.A good agreement is shown for the simulated and experimental data.Electromagnetic Coupling Inside Enclosures with CloselyCoupled Electric M<strong>on</strong>opoles and C<strong>on</strong>ducting PlanesLe<strong>on</strong>ardo Sandrolini, University of Bologna; Ugo Reggiani, University ofBologna; David W. P. Thomas, The University of Nottingham; and ChristosChristopoulos, The University of NottinghamThe efficiency and reliability of the multiple-mode transmissi<strong>on</strong> theoryapplied to predict the <strong>electromagnetic</strong> coupling between electricm<strong>on</strong>opoles with c<strong>on</strong>ducting planes inside a metallic enclosure isassessed in this paper. The planes are represented with an equivalentimpedance through a transmissi<strong>on</strong> line analogy. Particularly criticalcoupling c<strong>on</strong>figurati<strong>on</strong>s, such as close m<strong>on</strong>opole-to-plane and planeto-planec<strong>on</strong>figurati<strong>on</strong>s are tested. The results obtained with the proposedmethod are compared to experimental measurements andtransmissi<strong>on</strong>-line modelling (TLM) numerical simulati<strong>on</strong>s. The proposedmodel is attractive due to its rapidity and good accuracy in predictingthe coupling c<strong>on</strong>figurati<strong>on</strong>s examined.Design Philosophy for a Satellite with Extremely LowRadiated Emissi<strong>on</strong>s RequirementsGregory Tettemer; William Elkman; and Steven Hungate, — BoeingSatellite Development CenterTrends in RF performance requirements for c<strong>on</strong>temporary spacecraft aredriving vehicle design to achieve extremely low RF emissi<strong>on</strong>s levels dueto unintenti<strong>on</strong>al sources. This paper describes an approach to achievingvery low spurious RF emissi<strong>on</strong>s in spacecraft by identifying, predictingand c<strong>on</strong>trolling emissi<strong>on</strong>s sources during architecture development.The approach incorporates detailed tailored analysis and test methodsused to verify performance compliance. Specific test results are discussedin the c<strong>on</strong>text of showing the effectiveness of this designapproach in meeting tailored MIL-STD-461E radiated emissi<strong>on</strong>s limits.Reducti<strong>on</strong> of Radiated Emissi<strong>on</strong>s from a PLC System byStudying Electrical Unbalance of the PLC Device and T-ISNMitsuhiko Kanda, Mitsubishi Electric Corporati<strong>on</strong>; Yoshihiko K<strong>on</strong>ishi,Mitsubishi Electric Corporati<strong>on</strong>; Atsushi Morita, N/A; Masataka Kato,N/A; Shuichi Nitta, N/A; and Naoto Oka, Mitsubishi Electric Corporati<strong>on</strong>The relati<strong>on</strong> of the comm<strong>on</strong>-mode current generated by a PLC, l<strong>on</strong>gitudinalc<strong>on</strong>versi<strong>on</strong> loss (LCL) and comm<strong>on</strong>-mode impedance (Zcm)of the T-ISN, and electrical unbalance that exists in the PLC device,is investigated in order to use it for the development of a low emissi<strong>on</strong>PLC device. It is necessary to decrease the comm<strong>on</strong>-mode currentto decrease the radiated emissi<strong>on</strong> that is generated by the PLC.In this case, LCL and the comm<strong>on</strong>-mode impedance of the outlet areexamined. For this examinati<strong>on</strong>, the relati<strong>on</strong>al expressi<strong>on</strong> of comm<strong>on</strong>-modecurrent, LCL, and comm<strong>on</strong>-mode impedance that is thecomm<strong>on</strong>-mode current is obtained. First of all, the relati<strong>on</strong> betweenthe comm<strong>on</strong>-mode current and LCL and comm<strong>on</strong>-mode impedance isshown. Next, the effect of c<strong>on</strong>trolling the comm<strong>on</strong>-mode currentaccording to the electrical balancing of the PLC device is shown. Theeffectiveness of improving balancing <strong>on</strong> the inside of the PLC deviceis shown.Simulati<strong>on</strong> of an Indoor Power Cable Network for PLCApplicati<strong>on</strong>sC<strong>on</strong>cettina Buccella; Valerio De Santis; and Mauro Feliziani, —University of LaquilaA simulati<strong>on</strong> model is proposed to evaluate the performances ofpower line communicati<strong>on</strong> (PLC) in an indoor envir<strong>on</strong>ment. Thepower cable used as the PLC transmissi<strong>on</strong> vector is modelled by themultic<strong>on</strong>ductor transmissi<strong>on</strong> line (MTL) theory and the MTL electricalparameters are obtained by the finite element method (FEM)analysis of the cable cross-secti<strong>on</strong>. The MTL network c<strong>on</strong>figurati<strong>on</strong>is analysed by a CAD circuit simulator. Particular attenti<strong>on</strong> isfocused <strong>on</strong> the characterizati<strong>on</strong> of juncti<strong>on</strong>s. Comparis<strong>on</strong>s of calculatedresults with measurements are presented in the frequency range1 to 30 MHz for different c<strong>on</strong>figurati<strong>on</strong>s of the power cable network.POWER LINES AND POWER LINE FILTERSExtending Winding Capacitance Cancellati<strong>on</strong> to Three-Phase Power Filter NetworksMarcelo Heldwein; and Johann Kolar, — Swiss Federal Institute ofTechnology (ETH) ZurichTechniques have been presented in the literature for canceling straycapacitances for inductors in single-phase power filters. With thesame aim, the alternatives provided by three-phase systems areexplored here. A thorough theoretical analysis is presented, wherepros and c<strong>on</strong>s of parasitic capacitance cancellati<strong>on</strong> networks are highlightedand improvements are proposed. A systematic mathematicalprocedure to evaluate impedances for different noise modes in threephasecircuits is presented. The influence of parasitic effects isaccessed and asymmetrical capacitance cancellati<strong>on</strong> is proposed, facilitatingapplicati<strong>on</strong>s in switched power circuits. Experimental resultsare presented and shall be extended for the final versi<strong>on</strong> of this work.Analysis and Design of an EMI Filter for Inducti<strong>on</strong> MotorDrives Using the Butterworth Functi<strong>on</strong>Vuttip<strong>on</strong> Tarateeraseth, Srinakharinwirot University; Werachet Khanngern,King M<strong>on</strong>gkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand;Chanthea Khun, King M<strong>on</strong>gkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang,Thailand; and Masaaki Kando, Tokai UniversityThis paper deals with a passive EMI filter designed for inducti<strong>on</strong>motor drives to mitigate the comm<strong>on</strong> mode (CM) and differentialmode (DM) noise c<strong>on</strong>firmed by the EN 55022 Class B. The proposeddesign procedure of the EMI filter uses an approximati<strong>on</strong> functi<strong>on</strong>based <strong>on</strong> a high order Butterworth functi<strong>on</strong> to achieve not <strong>on</strong>ly thecomplied c<strong>on</strong>ducted noise but also the transfer functi<strong>on</strong> of filters.This procedure is also based <strong>on</strong> the knowledge of the base-line of theCM and DM noise. The measuring current probe is <strong>on</strong>ly used to separatethe total c<strong>on</strong>ducted EMI into CM and DM comp<strong>on</strong>ents without©<str<strong>on</strong>g>2007</str<strong>on</strong>g> IEEE www.emc<str<strong>on</strong>g>2007</str<strong>on</strong>g>.org