2007-2009 Undergraduate Bulletin (Updated as ... - Lehman College

About Lehman CollegeThe History of the CollegeThe Mission of the CollegeThe City University of New YorkCollege GovernanceCollege Accreditation and AffiliationsDegree ProgramsAcademic OrganizationSchedule of CoursesResearch Institutes and Community Resources

Academic OrganizationThe College's academic departments and programs are dividedinto four divisions:DIVISION OF ARTS AND HUMANITIESAfrican and African American StudiesAmerican StudiesArtComparative LiteratureEnglishHistoryInstitute for Irish American StudiesJournalism, Communication, and TheatreLanguages & LiteraturesLatin American and Puerto Rican StudiesLinguisticsMusicPhilosophySpeech-Language-Hearing SciencesWomen's StudiesDIVISION OF EDUCATIONBronx InstituteCenter for School/College CollaborativesEarly Childhood and Childhood EducationInstitute for Literacy StudiesMiddle and High School EducationSpecialized Services in EducationDIVISION OF NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCESAnthropologyBiological SciencesChemistryEconomics, Accounting, and Business AdministrationEnvironmental, Geographic, and Geological SciencesHealth SciencesMathematics and Computer ScienceNursingPhysics and AstronomyPolitical SciencePsychologySociology and Social WorkDIVISION OF ADULT AND CONTINUINGEDUCATIONAdult Degree ProgramContinuing EducationCUNY on the ConcourseResearch Institutesand Community ResourcesBRONX DATA CENTERThe Bronx Data Center collects and analyzes demographicmaterial related to The Bronx and adjacent areas, in order toprovide service to the Lehman community as well as to cultural,social service, civic, media, and other organizations.The Center focuses on data for very small geographic units(down to the city block), as well as the Bronx as a whole.Historical data going back several decades complements thelatest census information. The Center specializes in thegraphic presentation of data through computer-generatedmaps. See: www.lehman.edu/deannss/bronxdatactr/discover/bxtext.htmTHE BRONX INSTITUTEThe mission of the Bronx Institute at Lehman College is tofoster faculty research relevant to the improvement of educationand the quality of life in the Bronx; and to provide aforum to discuss, analyze, and identify potential solutions tocontemporary educational, social, political, cultural, andeconomic challenges facing the Bronx community, in particular,and other urban areas at large. As a community resource,the Bronx Institute is committed to act incooperation with other academic institutions, communitygroups, and organizations to develop joint projects, especiallythose that enrich the educational needs of all Bronxstudents. The vision of the Institute is to foster and promoteequity and excellence in the education and learning of Bronxstudents in grades K-16 by involving administrators, teachers,parents, and the students themselves in high-qualityprograms that support and enhance the educational opportunitiesof the students.THE CENTER FOR SCHOOL/COLLEGECOLLABORATIVESThe Center for School/College Collaboratives designs andimplements programs, in partnership with Bronx schools, toenrich student learning and ensure student readiness andmotivation to graduate high school and enter college. Programsoffered by the Center primarily emphasize studentoutcomes and achievement. These programs encompass:student and teacher enrichment in mathematics, science,and technology; recruitment of middle and high schoolstudents for careers in teaching; intensive work with at-riskstudents to prepare them for educational transitions frommiddle to high school and from high school to college; preserviceteacher preparation for bilingual students and paraprofessionals;in-service professional development in technologyand interdisciplinary teaching; and close workingrelationships with over 20 Bronx schools.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 5

Programs focus on working intensively with students andteachers from particular schools and on building pipelinesfor students since these efforts have been shown to havegreater potential for success than programs that draw studentsfrom a wide range of schools.The Center subscribes to several Principles of Collaboration:all partners are equal; planning and implementationinvolve school administrators/ teachers/staff/students/parents; broadening student/teacher contact ininformal, hands-on, project-based settings; activating parentand family involvement; focusing on integration of studentlearning experiences; developing a plan of action; establishinglinkages among projects; and encouraging high schoolstudents to qualify for, and take, college credit courses whilestill in high school.The Center also houses Lehman's well-regarded, CUNYsponsoredCollege Now Program. The goal of the program isto insure that all students meet and exceed the performancestandards required for high school graduation and that allthose who wish to pursue postsecondary study are preparedto do so. Lehman has had a version of College Now orBridge to College since 1985, when qualified students involvedin the College's various funded programs were invitedto enroll in college-credit courses. The College Noweleventh- and twelfth-grade program offers a variety of college-creditcourses depending on student interest and ability.These include courses in psychology, studio art and art history,calculus and pre-calculus, education, biology, English,history, computer science, economics, geology, philosophy,speech, and sociology.Funding for Center programs has been provided by theNew York City Board of Education, U.S. Department of Education,National Aeronautics and Space Agency, New YorkState Education Department, the City University of NewYork, Fund for Improvement of Post-Secondary Education,Aaron Diamond Foundation, and others. For moreinformation on the Center and its individual programs, visitthe following website: www.lehman.cuny.edu/education/center/center.htmeffective practice in literacy and mathematics educationthrough initiatives in a variety of educational settings K-16,including schools, community-based after-school programs,adult literacy programs, and CUNY campuses. Through itsAdult Learning Center, the Institute offers basic education,English language instruction, and GED preparation tomembers of the community who are not enrolled in schoolor college. See www.lehman.edu/litstudies.THE INSTITUTE FOR IRISH-AMERICAN STUDIESThe newest academic and community resource to be basedat Lehman College is the CUNY Institute for Irish AmericanStudies, which was established by the CUNY Board of Trusteesto focus on the Irish-American diaspora and its impacton American culture and society. The Institute, first andforemost, serves as a clearinghouse for research opportunitiesin Irish-American studies for students, staff, and facultyon all of the campuses of The City University of New York.Current projects being undertaken by the Institute includePublishing in Irish America 1820-1922, Great Irish FamineCurricula In-Service Training, Documenting Return Emigration,Curriculum Design: Teaching the Irish Language inAmerica, the “New Irish” and Film, Mapping Irish America,and the Irish in the Americas.In line with the current research projects of the Institute,an extensive program of public lectures and events is sponsoredeach semester. The Institute invites researchers andleaders in the community to present at its Wednesday eveninglecture series. The Institute also sponsors day-longsymposia on specific topics, Irish language conversationcircles, and celebrations of the arts. The Institute additionallymakes a number of distance education courses arising fromits research areas available to students at CUNY campusesand throughout the country. These courses make use of onlinesoftware as well as tours and lectures in the U.S. andabroad.THE INSTITUTE FOR LITERACY STUDIESThe Institute for Literacy Studies, founded in 1984, is a researchunit of The City University of New York. The Institute'smission—reforming and improving urbaneducation—has deep significance in its home borough ofthe Bronx as well as throughout New York City and the nation.The Institute defines urban education in its broadest,most inclusive meaning to comprise the complex web ofsystems, settings, and relationships that foster learning. Itworks to advance research, articulate theory, and implement6 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

AdmissionsGeneral InformationAdmission to Undergraduate Degree ProgramsSpecial Admission CategoriesLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 7

General InformationLehman College accepts both entering freshmen andtransfer students. The admission categories fall into twoclassifications: degree students (matriculants) and nondegreestudents (non-matriculants). A matriculant is astudent who is admitted to a program leading to a degree.Undergraduate matriculants at Lehman, either fulltimeor part-time, may attend classes during any hours inwhich the College is in session. A non-degree studentmay enroll in credit-bearing courses on a space-availablebasis, but is not officially registered in a degree programand is not a candidate for a degree. Credits earned bysuch students may later be transferred to a degree program.Freshmen and transfer students who were educatedoutside the United States must file their applicationsthrough the University Application Processing Center(U.A.P.C.) year-round. Lehman College does not processlate applications with foreign credentials.Admission to UndergraduateDegree ProgramsFRESHMENStudents who have not attended a college, university, orpostsecondary institution are admitted through the UniversityApplication Processing Center (U.A.P.C.) to threeof the 17 undergraduate colleges of The City University ofNew York (CUNY). The City University's applicationform can be obtained from the applicant's high schoolguidance office, the Lehman College Admissions Office,the CUNY Office of Admission Services (O.A.S.), andonline at www.cuny.edu. (All late applications for thoseeducated in the U.S.—those submitted within four weekspreceding a registration period—should be submitteddirectly to the Lehman College Admissions Office.)Freshman applications must be accompanied by a$65.00 application fee and official copies of any documents(for example, high school transcripts; G.E.D.,S.A.T., and/or T.O.E.F.L. scores) that are needed to provethe student's eligibility for admission.Lehman College's admissions policy requires thatfreshman applicants have a combination of the following:College Academic Average (C.A.A.), a minimumnumber of high school academic courses (C.P.I. units),and minimum standardized test score to qualify for admission.College academic averages are computed fromthe composite averages of Regents-level courses (or theirequivalent as determined by U.A.P.C.) in English, mathematics,social studies, foreign language, lab science, andvisual or performing arts.Particular academic high school courses are assignedC.P.I. unit value through a collaborative advisement programbetween New York City high schools and the City8 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009University; these C.P.I. units are used solely for admissionprocessing purposes.Admission to Lehman College is based on a variety offactors, including College Academic Average, combinedS.A.T. or AC.T. scores, number of C.P.I. courses completedin high school, and high school English average.Lehman suggests that students complete a minimum of 4years of English, 4 years of Social Studies, 3 years ofMathematics, 2 years of Foreign Language, 2 years of LabScience, and 1 year of Fine Arts.Students who earn an SAT score of 1100 or higher incritical reading and math are guaranteed admission toLehman College. Students with a G.E.D. score of 310 or3100 or higher will be considered for admission. Studentswho have completed some portion of their highschool studies in a non-English speaking environment,have a college academic average of 80, and have 12 ormore C.P.I. units also will be considered for admission.Applicants who hold a student or other non-immigrantvisa and are educated in a non-English-speaking systemare required to score 500 or better on the T.O.E.F.L. paperexamination or achieve a computer-based score of 173.The above admission criteria are subject to change. Inquiriesand appeals may be directed to Clarence Wilkes,Director of Admissions and Recruitment, at 718-960-8706.THE S.E.E.K PROGRAMS.E.E.K. (Search for Education, Elevation, and Knowledge)is a New York State-sponsored higher educationopportunity program of CUNY. The program’s specialadmission standards provide access to Lehman Collegeand other City University senior colleges to students whodemonstrate potential for college success but do not meettraditional admission requirements. Students must alsomeet specific low-income requirements.S.E.E.K. students receive specialized support services toenrich their academic career and personal development.Services include intensive instructional support, includingtutoring, computer-assisted-instruction, study skillstraining, and small-group course reviews; academic counselingsupport; and a small amount of supplemental financialaid for college-related expenses, including collegefees, books, and supplies. The amount of S.E.E.K. financialaid is based on individual need and fiscal availability.S.E.E.K. students are eligible for up to ten semesters ofT.A.P. assistance, if needed.Admitted S.E.E.K. freshmen are required to participatein a four-to-six-week enrichment pre-freshman summerprogram at the College before they enroll for their firstsemester of study. Once enrolled, they are required tomaintain full-time matriculated day status, sustain a satisfactoryacademic standing, and participate in all recommendedProgram support activities. S.E.E.K. students areeligible for up to ten semesters of S.E.E.K. sponsorshipwhile working toward their bachelor’s degree.

REGISTERED NURSESCity University A.A.S. nursing graduates are allocated bythe University Application Processing Center (U.A.P.C.) toLehman College on the basis of space availability, GradePoint Average, and success on the National Council LicensingExamination (N.C.L.E.X.). Other transfer students mustsatisfy these same eligibility requirements. Applicants whoattended a hospital school of nursing and have earned noprevious college credits should file the transfer applicationthrough U.A.P.C. Those who have earned previous collegecredits, in addition to having attended a hospital school ofnursing, should also file a transfer application throughU.A.P.C. To earn credit for courses taken at a hospitalschool of nursing, students must (1) present a license topractice as a registered nurse and (2) earn credits fromExcelsior College (formerly Regents College) by examinationin specific nursing courses.READMISSION TO LEHMAN COLLEGEFormer Lehman students must file a re-admit applicationwith the Office of Admissions (Shuster Hall, Room 161).Eligible students who do not have stops on their record,have a 2.0 G.P.A. or greater, and are in test compliancemay apply. Applications may be obtained online atwww.lehman.edu/provost/admissions/pdf/readmitu.pdfor in person in the Office of Undergraduate Admissions,Shuster Hall 161. The completed application and a $10.00non-refundable processing fee should be submitted beforethe end of registration; official transcripts of any courseworkcompleted during his or her absence also must be submittedwith the application in order to be accepted for creditevaluation.Former students who were dropped by the College forpoor scholarship must file an appeal for readmission. Thedeadline dates are December 15 for the Spring semester andJuly 31 for the Fall semester. The appeal should be filed withthe Office of Academic Standards and Evaluation, ShusterHall, Room 280.NON-DEGREE STUDENTSThe admission requirements for non-degree students are thesame as the admission requirements for matriculants. (See"Admission Requirements for Freshmen" and "AdmissionRequirements for Transfer Students.") Non-degree students(non-matriculants) must apply directly to the Lehman CollegeAdmissions Office. The deadline for all non-degree admissionsis the last day of registration.VISITING STUDENTSCUNY students who are pursuing a degree at anotherCUNY college who wish to take courses at Lehman on anon-degree basis must request a CUNY e-permit online atwww.cuny.edu from their home college in order to attendLehman. Tuition for courses taken at Lehman is paidat the student's home college. The student will not be requiredto submit any fees to Lehman College.Non-CUNY students who are attending a non-CUNYcollege must submit an unofficial copy of their collegetranscript or a letter from their primary college to theLehman Admissions Office that verifies their current enrollmentand good academic standing. Visiting studentsmust file an application for Visiting College Students andpay a $65 application processing fee. Returning visitingstudents will pay a $10 readmission fee.Permission to register as a visiting student is valid for onlyone semester at a time. Students who wish to renew theirstatus as visiting students must submit new documentationfrom their primary colleges for each succeeding semester.INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ADMISSIONSInternational students who are neither U.S. citizens nor permanentresidents must file the appropriate freshman ortransfer student application and meet the correspondingadmission requirements. (See "Admission Requirements forFreshmen" and "Admission Requirements for Transfer Students”in this Bulletin.) In addition, those students whowere educated in a language other than English are requiredto submit a minimum T.O.E.F.L. score of 500 on the paperexam or 173 in the computer-based score.Once the student has been admitted to Lehman by theUniversity Admissions Processing Center (U.A.P.C.), he orshe will be asked to submit financial and other documentsthat will satisfy the requirements for the I-20 form. Once theI-20 form is sent, the student must present the form to theAmerican embassy or consulate in his or her home countryin order to obtain an F-1 visa.All applicants, including those who are U.S. citizens andpermanent residents, may be classified as international studentsfor admissions processing purposes if their educationhas taken place outside the United States. These applicantsmust submit their applications and transcripts throughU.A.P.C.; they may not apply directly through the Collegeduring Direct Admissions periods. All non-English transcriptsmust be accompanied by an official translation intoEnglish as defined by City University guidelines.Inquiries may be directed to Ms. Ann O'Sullivan, the InternationalStudent Adviser, at 718-960-7274.VETERANSThe City University maintains a special outreach programfor returning veterans who might not be familiar with theopportunities for college study open to them.Veterans desiring to avail themselves of the benefits providedunder Public Law 89-358 may register at Lehman asmatriculants, paying tuition and fees. If they matriculate, theCollege may allow them up to 8 credits for United StatesArmed Forces Institute courses in which they have passedfinal examinations.Matriculated veterans of the U.S. armed forces who (a)have paid tuition and fees, (b) are upper-division studentsLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 11

(an upper-division student is one who has received passinggrades in courses representing 61 or more credits), and (c)have satisfactorily completed a minimum of 30 credits atLehman will be awarded credit, but must file an applicationin order to receive it.The Veterans Counseling Service (Shuster Hall, Room205) advises veterans on the benefits for which they areeligible. The application form for benefits to be paid by theVeterans Administration may be obtained in the Office ofthe Registrar (Shuster Hall, Room 114).CANDIDATES FOR A SECOND UNDERGRADUATEDEGREELehman College accepts candidates for a second undergraduatedegree when the second degree representspreparation discrete from the first bachelor's degree.Candidates must complete a minimum of 30 credits inresidence (see the definition of residence credits underthe heading of "Credit Requirements" in this Bulletin).Second-degree applicants must file the City UniversityTransfer Student Application.COLLEGE NOW FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTSCollege Now is a collaborative initiative of the City Universityof New York and the New York City Department ofEducation. Its primary goals are to improve the academicachievement of high school students and to help New YorkCity public high school students meet or exceed the requirementsfor high school graduation and the admissionsrequirements for baccalaureate degree programs at the CityUniversity of New York. College Now also seeks to provideunderprepared high school students with the enriched instructionand enhanced support services they need to dowell in high school and to be prepared for college.In most cases, a public high school partners with a CUNYcollege to design a program of academic and preparatorycourses and workshops. Lehman is currently partnered withover 14 high schools in the Bronx. College Now also offerstwo summer programs and professional development opportunitiesfor teachers.High school students can attend a variety of on-campusactivities and, depending on their qualifications, choosefrom the following courses and workshops:• introductory-level college credit courses; and/or• non-credit preparatory courses and workshops; and/or• specially developed high school credit classes.Each college/high school partnership develops its owncourse offerings based on the needs of the student populationat a particular school and the strengths and resourcesof the institutions involved. Students who enrollin college credit courses must pass the E.L.A. or Math A/BRegents examinations with grades of 75 or better, orachieve a 480 (or equivalent on the revised test) on theS.A.T. verbal and math sections.SENIOR CITIZENSNew York State residents 60 years and older as of the firstday of classes are permitted to enroll as auditors in LehmanCollege undergraduate courses on a space-available basis,tuition-free; proof of age is required for admission to theprogram. Individuals enrolling under this program arecharged a $65 fee per semester plus the $15 ConsolidatedFee. Applications can be obtained and filed in Shuster Hall,Room 161. Senior citizens who wish to enroll for creditmust pay full tuition and fees.IMMUNIZATION REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTStudents who do not submit proof of measles, mumps, and rubella(M.M.R.) immunization or who fail to return the meningococcalmeningitis response form within a statutory grace period shall beprohibited from attending the institution. For additional information,contact the Health Services Center located in Room 118 ofthe T-3 Building at the following phone number: 718-960-8900.Public Health Law 2165 requires that postsecondary studentsbe immunized against measles, mumps, and rubella(M.M.R.).All registered full-time students and part-time studentsborn on or after January 1, 1957 who are enrolled for atleast six, but fewer than twelve semester hours (or equivalent)per semester in an approved degree program orregistered certificate program must submit proof ofM.M.R. immunization. Students may be exempt from therequired M.M.R. immunizations for religious or medicalreasons. To qualify for a religious exception, studentsmust submit a signed statement, or in the event the studentis a minor (under 18), a signed statement from theirparent or guardian, that they hold sincere and genuinereligious beliefs that prohibit immunization. To qualifyfor a medical exception, students must submit a writtenstatement from a licensed physician or nurse practitionerindicating that such immunization may be detrimental totheir health.Public Health Law 2167 requires that postsecondaryinstitutions provide written information about meningococcalmeningitis to its students and that students complete,sign, and return a meningococcal meningitis response form.Public Health Law 2167 does not require that students beimmunized against meningitis.Public Health Law 2167 requires colleges to distributewritten information about meningococcal meningitis diseaseand vaccination and students to complete, sign andreturn to the college, a meningococcal meningitis responseform that: (a) confirms that the college has provided theinformation about meningococcal meningitis; and (b) indicatesthat either: (1) the student has received immunizationagainst meningococcal meningitis within the 10 years precedingthe date of the response form; or (2) the student hasdecided against receiving the vaccination. This law applies tostudents who are enrolled in at least six semester hours (orthe equivalent) per semester. No student may be exemptfrom receiving information or returning the response form.12 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Tuition, Fees, andFinancial AidFinancial Aid Programs and RequirementsScholarships and AwardsTuition and FeesPayment Procedures & Refund PoliciesTuition and fees are subject to change. Please refer to the Lehman College website,www.lehman.edu, for the latest information.

Financial AidATTENDANCE/ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS FORRECIPIENTS OF STUDENT FINANCIAL AIDRegulations of both New York State (T.A.P./A.P.T.S.) andFederal programs of student financial aid require regularclass attendance. Funds will not be delivered to studentswho do not maintain satisfactory attendance records. Financialaid regulations also require that students make satisfactoryprogress toward a degree. Students should be aware thatall financial assistance awards are subject to student compliancewith Federal, State, and/or College regulations concerningsatisfactory academic progress and standing. Studentswithdrawing from courses should report to the Financial AidOffice for information on their eligibility for aid. Studentson probation who make satisfactory progress will continueto be eligible for financial aid. All Federal undergraduatefinancial aid is limited to 150 percent of the credits requiredfor the bachelor's degree. Minimum standards in satisfactoryprogress by students, adopted by The City University, areindicated in the adjacent charts. For more information, visitwww.lehman.edu/financialaid.THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK POLICY ONWITHHOLDING STUDENT RECORDSStudents who are delinquent and/or in default in any oftheir financial accounts with the College, the University, oran appropriate State or Federal agency for which the Universityacts as either a disbursing or certifying agent, and studentswho have not completed exit interviews as required bythe Federal Perkins Loan Program, the Federal Family EducationLoan Programs, the William D. Ford Federal DirectLoan Program, and the Nursing Student Loan Program, arenot to be permitted to complete registration, or issued acopy of their grades, a transcript of academic record, certificate,or degree, nor are they to receive funds under the Federalcampus-based student assistance programs or theFederal Pell Grant Program unless the designated officer, inexceptional hardship cases and consistent with Federal andState regulations, waives in writing the application of thisregulation.Students who have not met all their financial obligationsto the College will not be issued a transcript,certificate, degree, or grade until they have made alloutstanding payments. Students will not be allowed toregister for a new semester unless they have satisfiedall previous financial obligations to the College.New York State Programs (H.E.S.C.)TUITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (T.A.P.)Applicants must apply annually to the New York StateHigher Education Services Corporation (H.E.S.C.), Albany,NY 12255. The Higher Education Services Corporation determinesthe applicant's eligibility and mails an award certificateindicating the amount of the grant directly to theapplicant.The Tuition Assistance Program (T.A.P.) is an entitlementprogram: awards are noncompetitive, and any student whomeets the criteria for eligibility will receive funds. The applicantmust:1. be a New York State resident and an eligible U.S. citizen orpermanent resident alien;2. be enrolled full time (12 or more credits/equated credits) andmatriculated. Equated credits, applicable to certain courses, arethe number of scheduled hours of course meetings in excess ofthe credits that may be earned in that course; and3. be in good academic standing and meet T.A.P. Progress andPursuit Requirements (see adjacent charts),4. officially file an area of concentration (major) form once 60credits have been completed. This form may be obtained in theRegistrar's Office, Shuster Hall, Room 106,5. Students who are eligible for New York State financial aid(T.A.P.) are required to register for 12 credit-hours of courses persemester that satisfy their degree requirements (General Education,writing-intensive, major, minor, and appropriate electives).Students who receive part-time T.A.P. must follow thesame regulations. For more information, visit:leman.edu/provost/registrar/tapnotice.html.All income data are subject to verification by the NewYork State Department of Taxation and Finance. Undergraduatestudents may generally receive T.A.P. awards foreight semesters of study. The amount of the T.A.P. award isbased on tuition charges and the student's New York Statenet taxable family income. To apply for T.A.P., studentsshould complete a Free Application for Federal Student Aid(F.A.F.S.A.) and the CUNY T.A.P./A.P.T.S. Supplement Form.Applications are required annually. The Lehman CollegeT.A.P. code is 1412. For more information, visitwww.lehman.edu/financialaid.14 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

AID FOR PART-TIME STUDY (A.P.T.S.)A.P.T.S. is a financial aid program for matriculated parttimeundergraduate students. It is not an entitlementprogram, nor is it part-time T.A.P. To be eligible forA.P.T.S., students must enroll for a minimum of 6 butfewer than 12 credits/equated credits per term. To applyfor A.P.T.S., students should complete a Free Applicationfor Federal Student Aid form (FA.F.S.A.) and the CUNYT.A.P./A.P.T.S. Supplement Form. Applications are requiredannually. For more information, visit:www.lehman.edu/financialaid.NEW COURSE REPEAT RULE FOR NEW YORK STATEFINANCIAL AIDAs of May 1987, if a student repeats a course in which apassing grade acceptable to the institution has already beenreceived, the course cannot be included as part of the student'sminimum full-time or part-time course load for financialaid purposes. When such courses are included inmeeting the minimum requirement, they render the studentineligible for a State award. In the following instances, repeatedcourses may count toward full-time or part-timestudy: (1) when a failed course is repeated; (2) when acourse may be repeated and credit earned each time.AREA OF CONCENTRATION (MAJOR)Undergraduates who have earned at least 60 credits must filean Area of Concentration form (a major) in the Registrar'sOffice (Shuster Hall, Room 106) in order to receive any NewYork State awards.VIETNAM VETERANS AND PERSIAN GULF VETERANSTUITION AWARD (V.V.T.A. AND P.G.V.T.A.)V.V.T.A. and P.G.V.T.A. are awards for full-time or part-timeNew York State resident undergraduate or graduate degreestudents who served in the Vietnam or Persian Gulf wars.Full-time students receive $1,000 per semester or theamount of tuition, whichever is less. Part-time students receive$500 per semester or tuition, whichever is less. Totalawards received cannot exceed $5,000. Recipients must alsoapply for Tuition Assistance Program and Pell Grant awards.Applications are available in the Financial Aid Office.REGENTS AWARDS FOR CHILDREN OF DECEASEDOR DISABLED VETERANSA special application must be filed with the New York StateHigher Education Services Corporation, Albany, NY 12255.Documentary evidence to establish eligibility is requiredwith the application. The applicant must be:(1) the child of a veteran who died, or who has a current disabilityof 50 percent or more, or who had such disability at thetime of death resulting from U.S. military service during one ofthe following periods:April 16, 1917—November 11, 1918December 7, 1941—December 31, 1946June 25, 1950—July 27, 1953October 1, 1961—March 29, 1973(2) a legal resident of New York State. Legal residence in NewYork State is also required of the parent at the time of entry intomilitary service, or at death resulting from military service.The amount of the award is $450 per year, for up tofive years.NEW YORK STATE AID TO NATIVE AMERICANSApplication forms may be obtained from the NativeAmerican Education Unit, New York State EducationDepartment, Albany, NY 12230. The applicant must be amember of one of the Native American tribes within NewYork State and a New York State resident. The award is$1,100 per year for a maximum of four years of full-timestudy (or five years, where a fifth year is required forcompletion of degree requirements). Students must submitsemester grades at the end of each semester.For TAP/APTS Purposes OnlyTAP PROGRAM PURSUIT AND ACADEMIC PROGRESS CHART FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS(For Students Who Received First TAP Award BEFORE Summer 2006)To beeligiblefor TAPpayment:You must havecompleted at leastthis many creditsduring the previousterm:You must haveearned at least thismany total creditstoward your degree:You musthave acumulativeG.P.A. of:1 0 0 0.02 6 0 0.03 6 6 1.04 9 18 1.25 9 31 2.06 12 45 2.07 12 60 2.08 12 75 2.09* 12 90 2.010* 12 105 2.0*S.E.E.K. students only(For Students Who Received First TAP Award in Summer 2006 or Later)To beeligiblefor TAPpayment:You must havecompleted at leastthis many creditsduring the previousterm:You must haveearned at least thismany total creditstoward your degree:You musthave acumulativeG.P.A. of:1 0 0 0.02 6 3 1.13 6 9 1.24 9 21 1.35 9 33 2.06 12 45 2.07 12 60 2.08 12 75 2.09* 12 90 2.010* 12 105 2.0*S.E.E.K. students onlyLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 15

S.E.E.K. (SEARCH FOR EDUCATION, EVALUATIONAND KNOWLEDGE)Application may be made by filing The City UniversityAdmissions Application and indicating on the S.E.E.K./C.D. section an interest in being considered for theS.E.E.K. Program. The amount of financial assistance andother support provided to S.E.E.K. participants is based onneed and fiscal availability. S.E.E.K. students must maintainfull-time day matriculated status.The applicant must:1. be a resident of New York State;2. be academically eligible (assessed by the University ApplicationAdmission Center);3. be economically eligible (guidelines established by New YorkState);4. be an applicant for admission to one of the senior colleges ofThe City University.5. file a free Application For Federal Student Aid (F.A.F.S.A.)annually.VOCATIONAL REHABILITATIONHandicapped persons may be eligible for benefits underState rehabilitation programs. New York State residentsshould apply to V.E.S.I.D. (Vocational and Educational Servicesfor Individuals with Disabilities), New York State EducationDepartment, 99 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY12234, or any of its local offices.Federal ProgramsFEDERAL PELL GRANTThe Pell Grant Program is an entitlement program for firstdegree undergraduates: awards are noncompetitive and anystudent who meets the eligibility criteria will receive funds.Applications and materials are available through the FinancialAid Office (Shuster Hall, Room 136). Application ismade by filing a Free Application For Federal Student Aid(F.A.F.S.A.) or via the Internet at www.fafsa.ed.gov. LehmanCollege's Federal Title IV code is 007022.After the F.A.F.S.A. has been processed, a Student Aid Report(S.A.R.), which produces an Expected Family Contribution(E.F.C.), is electronically submitted to the Financial AidOffice. The amount of the applicant's award is based on theExpected Family Contribution, enrollment status, and thecost of education. Recipients must be enrolled as a firstdegreematriculated undergraduate student. Students selectedfor verification must provide the Financial Aid Officewith certain documents to verify the accuracy of the informationreported.Pell Grant awards are paid to eligible students for a maximumof 150 percent of the 128 credits required for thestudent's first bachelor's degree as long as satisfactory programprogress and pursuit is maintained. For more information,visit www.lehman.edu/financialaid.ACADEMIC COMPETITIVE GRANTAn eligible student may receive an Academic CompetitivenessGrant of up to $750 for the first academic year of studyand up to $1,300 for the second academic year of study. Tobe eligible for each academic year, the student must:1. be a U.S. citizen;2. be a Federal Pell Grant recipient;3. be enrolled full-time in a degree program;4. be enrolled in the first or second year of his/her program ofstudy at a two-year or four-year degree-granting institution (suchas CUNY);6. have completed a rigorous secondary school program of study(after January 1, 2006 if a first-year student, and after January 1,2005 if a second-year student);7. if a first-year student, not have been previously enrolled in anundergraduate program; and8. if a second-year student, have at least a cumulative 3.0 GradePoint Average on a 4.0 scale for the first academic year.In New York State, a Regents Diploma with Honors orAdvance Designation serves as evidence of a rigorous secondaryschool program. A student may also qualify throughcompletion of a prescribed set of courses taken, or two AdvancePlacement (A.P.) courses with a minimum score ofthree (3) on the A.P. exams or two International Baccalaureate(I.B.) courses with a score of four (4) on the I.B. exams.The prescribed set of courses must include four years ofEnglish, three years of Math (including Algebra I and higherlevel courses such as Algebra II, Geometry, or Data Analysisand Statistics), three years of science (including at least twocourses from biology, physics, or chemistry), three years ofsocial studies, and one year of a foreign language.Most potential recipients will be notified by the U.S.Department of Education and will be given a web site linkthat will help them determine whether they have completeda “qualifying rigorous secondary school program.” A student’scollege will then be notified and will verify eligibility.Students who are not notified by the Department of Educationand think they may be eligible should contact the FinancialAid Office to determine your eligibility.NATIONAL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS ACCESS TORETAIN TALENT (S.M.A.R.T.) GRANTSThe U.S. Department of Education has created a new grantprogram for third- and fourth-year students who are majoringin math, engineering, or science. An eligible studentmay receive a national S.M.A.R.T. grant of up to $4,000 foreach of the third and fourth academic years of study. To beeligible for each academic year, a student must:1. be a U.S. citizen;2. be a Federal Pell Grant recipient;3. be enrolled full-time in a degree program;4. be enrolled in a four-year degree-granting institution;16 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

) Refunds. The amount of the refund depends uponwhether the withdrawal is before the 5th week ofclasses.1) Withdrawal before beginning of the 5th calendarweek (3rd calendar week for summer session): 100percent refund of tuition and all other fees, exceptapplication fees.2) Withdrawal thereafter: 50 percent refund.iii) Other Provisions for Military Service:a) Resident Tuition Rates. These lower rates are applicableto all members of the armed services, their spousesand their dependent children, on full-time active dutyand stationed in the State of New York.b) Re-enrollment of Veterans. Veterans who are returningstudents are given preferred treatment in thefollowing ways:1) Veterans who were former students with unsatisfactoryscholastic records, may be readmitted with a probationaryprogram.2) Veterans, upon their return, may register even afternormal registration periods, without late fees.3) Granting of college credit for military service andArmed Forces instructional courses.4) Veterans returning too late to register may audit classeswithout charge.c) Late Admissions. Veterans with no previous collegeexperience are permitted to file applications up to thedate of registration, and are allowed to begin classespending completion of their application and provisionof supporting documents.d) Readmission Fee. Upon return from military service, astudent will not be charged a Readmission Fee to registerat the same college.e) Veterans Tuition Deferrals. Veterans are entitled to deferthe payment of tuition pending receipt of veterans'benefits.f) New York National Guard Tuition Waivers. Activemembers of the New York National Guard, who are legalresidents of New York State and who do not have abaccalaureate degree, are eligible for a tuition waiverfor undergraduate study.eligibility; or they may elect to return their T.A.P. awardto the Corporation (advantageous only if a small liabilityis incurred), retain the semester's T.A.P. eligibility, andreimburse the College for any money due.• Students who withdraw during the refund period withpartial T.A.P. entitlements that are not large enough tocover their tuition liability will be required to pay thedifference.• Students awarded financial aid who change their statusfrom full-time to part-time and vice versa must visit theFinancial Aid Office where their award will be adjusted.• Students who withdraw after the refund period mayrelinquish their T.A.P. entitlement and remaining financialaid award for the withdrawn semester.COURSES WITH CREDIT EQUIVALENT HOURSLehman College courses generally carry a credit value equalto the number of weekly contact hours. In certain courses—generally developmental or compensatory in nature—thenumber of weekly contact hours may exceed the creditvalue. These additional contact hours are designated “creditequivalents” or “equated credits.” For courses with creditequivalents, tuition is charged on the basis of contact hoursand not of credits. Even if a course offers no credit, it is neverthelessbilled according to contact hours. The maximumsemester rate applies to these courses alone or in combinationwith credit-bearing courses.REFUND OF TUITION AND FEES TO T.A.P. ANDOTHER FINANCIAL AID• Students who withdraw during the refund period andhave been awarded a full New York State Tuition AssistanceProgram (T.A.P.) entitlement may elect to use theirentitlement as credit toward their current financial liabilityand, consequently, will forfeit one semester of T.A.P.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 21

Non-Instructional FeesAPPLICATION FEESNonrefundable, but payable only once at the time of filing applicationfor admission to any City University college.Matriculating freshmen .......................................................... $65Transfer Students................................................................... $70Non-degree Undergraduate Students....................................... $65Non-degree Graduate Students ............................................. $125Consolidated Fee...................................................................... $5per semester or session (payable by all students, includingsenior citizens)Technology Fee$37.50 (for fewer than 12 credits)$75.00 (for 12 or more credits)Change of Program Fee .......................................................... $18Fee charged to students who change their schedule of classesafter it has been approved and recordedID Card Replacement............................................................. $10Late Registration Fee.............................................................. $25Nonpayment Service Fee......................................................... $15Penalty fee charged to students if they are delinquent in makingpayment of any amount due after the scheduled due dateReadmission Fee .................................................................... $10Students who apply to return to the College after an absence ofone semester or more (exclusive of summer session) are requiredto pay this fee to be readmitted to the same unit. The charge isapplicable whether or not a student has taken a formal leave ofabsence.Payment Reprocessing Fee ...................................................... $15Charge for those students who have previously submitted checkspayable to the College that were not honored by their banks:students who do not make a check good by a given date will berequired to satisfy their obligations and pay the applicable reprocessingfee plus a non-payment service fee.SPECIAL EXAMINATION FEESWhen make-up final exam for one course is takenafter scheduled final class exam ............................................. $25When make-up final exams for two courses are taken ................. $30When make-up final exams for three courses are taken.............. $35CUNY Accelerated Study Fee (for students taking more than 18 credits.)See the information on policies governing excess credit in the “AcademicServices and Policies” chapter in this Bulletin. Fees are chargedper contact hour.CreditsFeeLess than or equal to 2......................................$100 semesterGreater than 2 but less than or equal to 4.........$230 semesterGreater than 4 but less than or equal to 6.........$460 semesterGreater than 6....................................................$690 semesterSenior citizens...................................................... $65 semesterQualifying Examination Fee ................................................... $25Transcript-of-Record Fee........................................................... $7Note: No fee is charged for transcripts sent between CityUniversity units.Duplicate Bursar Receipt .......................................................... $5Duplicate Record Fee................................................................ $1Certificate that degree has been granted .................................. $15For issuance of a certificate of graduation to students whorequest a replacement for a lost diploma:Cooperating Teachers Fee ....................................................... $25Cooperating teachers may be granted tuition waivers of up to 6credits (two valid certificates) per semester, limited to three successiveterms. For courses for which tuition is waived, charges for excesscontact hours are also waived. Tuition waivers may be granted toresidents and non-residents and are applicable to graduate coursesand undergraduate courses.Cooperating teachers who take credits in excess of those waivedare required to pay tuition at applicable regular rates for the additionalcredits. Cooperating teachers enrolled in courses for whichtuition is waived (plus any number of courses for which tuition isnot waived) are required to pay the Cooperating Teacher Fee of $25,the $15 Consolidated Fee, an Application Fee of $125, and a TechnologyFee of $37.50.Miscellaneous FeesPARKING FEES*Student Parking:Per semester..........................................................................$45Summer Session ...................................................................$20LIBRARY FINESOverdue Books:General Circulation Books: 10 cents a day**Reserve Books: 17 cents per minute lateDamaged Books: Based on amount of damage, not to exceedreplacement cost plus $5 processing chargeLost Books: Replacement cost plus $10 processing chargeMISCELLANEOUS FEES(Payable in the Bursar's Office, Shuster Hall, Room 031)Breakage .............................................................. As per damageLoss of Key ..........................................................................$1.75Loss of Equipment & Supplies ......................................... List Price* Purchase permit in Shuster Hall, Room 080.** Overdue charges are not applicable for days on which theLibrary is closed. Overdue charges are applicable to lost or damagedbooks.Estimated Other ExpensesLehman College estimates that apart from tuition, fees, androom and board, students should budget for an additional$4,328 per year, allocated as follows: books and supplies,$832; personal and incidental items, $1,660; transportation,$816; lunches, $1,020. International student matriculantswho are attending Lehman on a student visa must pay forprivate medical insurance.Nursing students registering in clinical courses will havethe additional expenses of a uniform, health insurance (unlessthey are covered by their parents' policies), and malpracticeliability insurance. Prior to registration in clinicalcourses, nursing students also are required to undergo anumber of medical tests at their own expense. (For furtherinformation, consult the Department of Nursing.)Bursar's ReceiptBursar Validation is required to complete term registration.All students must submit a signed Bill or Payment Form(zero balance included) to the Bursar's Office by the duedate. The bill or Payment Form can be mailed, faxed, submittedvia the web (using eSIMS), or delivered to the Bursar'sOffice or drop box. All course selections that are notvalidated by the due date will be cancelled.22 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Campus Facilities andResourcesAcademic FacilitiesFine and Performing Arts FacilitiesStudent Life Facilities, Programs, and ServicesLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 23

Academic FacilitiesTHE LIBRARYThe Lehman College Library is housed in a modern, fourstorybuilding, with an online catalog and circulation system(CUNY+) and access to over 65 networked electronic periodicalindexes and full-text databases. More than 150 stateof-the-artcomputer workstations are available for studentuse, most with full Internet access. The Library's home page(www.lehman.edu/provost/library/index.htm) provideslinks to CUNY+, licensed electronic resources, and websitesof interest to researchers. These electronic resources areavailable to the Lehman community from off-campus aswell as on-campus locations. All that is required is anInternet connection and a currently validated LehmanCollege I.D.The open-stacks book collection of 572,000 volumes issupplemented by 713,500 microforms and a growing collectionof 5,391 films and videotapes. The Library subscribes to1,535 print periodicals and over 13,000 electronic journals.It is a designated depository for State and Federal governmentdocuments. The Library collection supports coursework on undergraduate and graduate levels. Interlibrary loanand electronic document delivery are available to supportresearch by graduate students and faculty.In addition to general and specialized non-circulating referencecollections, the Library has a well-used reserve collectionthat includes current textbooks. Specialized service areasinclude a periodicals room, laboratory classrooms equippedwith audiovisual and computer equipment, and the BronxHistory Archives. The Library's state-of-the-art computer labsare used both as classrooms for research training and asopen labs providing students with access to the Internet,word processing, and spreadsheets. The Fine Arts Collectioncontains an extensive collection of records, music, and multimediaC.D.s, as well as audiotapes and videotapes that canbe studied and enjoyed at individual carrels equipped withheadphones and video monitors. The Education Librarycontains K-12 curriculum materials, the ERIC microfichecollection, a special teaching collection of children's books,and computer workstations. The Assistive Technology Center,located on the second floor, provides a variety of specializedcomputer services available to all.Reference librarians and student tutors are available toassist students during library hours. Librarians offer, byappointment and on a drop-in basis, class orientationsand bibliographic instruction covering the most importantresearch tools in all areas of the curriculum. Studentsmay register for free workshops in a variety of computerapplications.The Library can seat 1,200 people; attractive lounge areasare scattered throughout the building. A limited number ofprivate study rooms are available for small groups of studentswho wish to study together. The Library's Food forThought CyberCafé is equipped with iMac computersavailable for web surfing and for checking personalemail. Admission to the Library requires a currently validatedLehman College I.D. Library hours may be obtainedby calling 718-960-7766.COMPUTER AND INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGYFACILITIESThe College has established a new Office of Vice Presidentfor Information Technology, which oversees the developmentof I.T. infrastructure and the coordination of I.T. operationsand services across the campus. I.T. support forstudents, staff, and faculty is coordinated through the TechnologyCoordinators in different divisions and a CollegewideI.T. support group in the Department of InformationTechnology Resources (I.T.R.), and provided by a team ofcomputer and network specialists in specialized departmentlabs, divisional offices, and the centralized I.T.R. facilities.I.T.R. provides access to centralized computing and relatedtechnologies in support of the College's instructional,research, and administrative activities. Lehman's InformationTechnology Center (I.T.C.) is located on the plaza levelof Carman Hall. The facility houses nine PC and Macintoshcomputer labs for course instructions, an open lab with over100 computers for student use, shared printing facilities,multimedia meeting or conference rooms, and a help desk.A dedicated faculty development lab, also managed byI.T.R., is located in the Library.The entire I.T.C. facility is networked on a high-speedbackbone providing access to the Internet and campus networkservices, including electronic mail, the World WideWeb, and web-based applications, such as the CUNY Portaland its related resources and services; the Blackboard onlineteaching and learning environment; online course registrationand the CUNY Student Information Management System(S.I.M.S.); and remote library and specialized departmentalresources. Wireless access to the network is alsoavailable throughout the campus. The facility supports twowayinteractive video distribution. Access from off-campus isavailable for many of these resources through an Internetservice provider.Facilities for video conferencing and distance learningare expanding. They include a distance learning satellitebroadcast and reception studio/classroom under the auspicesof H.E.T.S. (the Hispanic Educational TelecommunicationsSystem, of which Lehman College is a foundingmember); a high-speed video distance learning classroom24 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

connected to EdNet (part of New York City's institutionalnetwork) and the three public high schools adjacent toLehman; and a distance-learning classroom with smartwhiteboard presentation and video conferencing capabilities(created under the University's Media DistributionSystem). Lehman's role as the central hub of theBronx Information Network also affords Lehman studentsan opportunity to take advantage of the resourcesof other educational, medical, and artistic institutions inthe Bronx. A systematic effort is under way to convertmany of the College’s lecture halls and classrooms intotechnology-enhanced or smart classrooms.I.T.R. makes available specialized equipment for disabledstudents. All rooms are accessible for persons withdisabilities, and specialized hardware and software forvisually or hearing impaired persons are provided. Studentsand staff may also use the facilities of the AssistiveTechnology Center, located in the Library.Other specialized services and facilities includegraphic and scanning services and a media conversion labto assist faculty in developing electronic-based coursematerials. I.T.R. staff members provide consulting, documentation,technical assistance, and educational servicesto the Lehman community.The Media Technology Group of I.T.R., also housed inCarman Hall, provides equipment and technical aids for theproduction of media presentations using photography,graphics, films, and slides. A new multimedia technologycenter is scheduled to open in 2008. Video and multimediafacilities augment traditional audiovisual services.In addition to the centralized facilities, individual academicdivisions or departments operate computer labs tosupport discipline-specific applications, such as a graphicsbasedcomputer lab and a 3-D printing facility in the Departmentof Anthropology; three Computer Graphics andImaging Labs in the Department of Art; a cutting-edge Laboratoryof Geographic Information Technologies in the Departmentof Environmental, Geographic, and GeologicalSciences; a multimedia language laboratory in the Departmentof Languages and Literatures; multiple facilities forradio, television, and film productions in the Department ofJournalism, Communication, and Theatre; and specializedcomputer labs in the Division of Education, the Division ofAdult and Continuing Education, and the Departments ofBiological Sciences, Mathematics and Computer Science,Nursing, and Sociology and Social Work. The Library, theAcademic Support Center, the Science Learning Center,the Macaulay Honors College at Lehman, and the StudentLeader Computer Center also have significant computerresources available.Students may request information about I.T. resourcesand services, including I.T.C. hours of operation and technicalassistance by phoning 718-960-7333, sending an e-mailto helpdesk@lehman.cuny.edu, or visiting the I.T.R. OpenCenter (Carman Hall, Room 111) or the I.T.R. website atwww.lehman.edu/itr.THE LANGUAGE LABORATORYThe Department of Languages and Literatures has one multimedialanguage laboratory. This computer lab is one of themost technologically advanced computer labs in the CUNYsystem. The laboratory, which is located in Carman Hall,Room B-37, has 28 networked computers and software programsthat correspond to the texts used to study the languagestaught at Lehman. The computers in this laboratoryhave high-speed connection to the Internet, sound cards,headsets, C.D./D.V.D. players, and microphones. In addition,a set of special software programs from Tandberg isinstalled: Imperata, Divace Solo, and Library Pilot.• Imperata is used for classroom management. It can beused to monitor student activities, providemouse/keyboard control/collaboration between a pair ofstudent computers, and share individual computerscreens. Additional features include the creation of specialfiles called electronic portfolios. An electronic portfoliocontains all of the elements an instructor requires toconduct class sessions in a computer lab: a view of theclassroom; lesson plan objectives; relevant links to theInternet or other shared directories; the ability to uploadfiles/folders; and the operations used for managing aclassroom in a computer environment.• Divace (Digital Interactive Audio Video Recorder) allowsstudents/instructors to play audio/video and to recordand author their own audio material.• Library Pilot functions as a database for online links tolanguage-related websites.These computers are linked to a digital video server; studentscan study from the language software stored on theserver and digitally record their voices for oral and audiopractice. Accommodation is provided for visually impairedand disabled students. Zoomtext, used to magnify text, isinstalled on one computer. The software Jaws, used by vision-impairedindividuals, is installed on one computer.One computer station is designed to accommodate an individualusing a wheelchair.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 25

ADVANCED IMAGING LABSThe Art Department, in Conjunction with lehman's Departmentof Mathematics and Computer Science, hasestablished three advanced imaging labs in the Fine Artsbuilding. One lab (in Fine Arts, Room 047) containstwenty up-to-date Mac work stations with new EpsonFlatbed Scanners, a Nikon Supercool Film/Slide Scanner,and a Xerox 7700 color printer. A second lab (in FineArts, Room 006) contains fifteen Mac work stations withepson flatbed scanners. These teaching labs give the studentsthe opportunity to learn digital imaging, desktoppublishing, webpage design, computer animation, advanced3-D modeling, and multimedia interactive programming.In addition, a third lab (in Fine Arts, Room006), dedicated to advanced student and faculty digitalimaging, contains several Macintosh G5 computers,printers, and additional high-end digital imaging andlarge-format printing equipment.SCIENCE LABORATORIESSignificant research and training facilities are available in theLehman science departments.In the Department of Biological Sciences, the PhytochemistryLaboratory is a newly renovated facility in DavisHall (Room 119). It is fully equipped with instruments usedfor the identification and purification of natural products,including a gas chromatograph, high-performance liquidchromatographs (H.P.L.C.), and a liquid chromatographmassspectrometer (L.C.-M.S.). The Molecular Biology ResearchFacility contains sophisticated instrumentation formolecular biology, cellular biology, and biochemical research.The equipment includes a D.N.A. synthesizer,H.P.L.C.s, ultracentrifuges, high-speed centrifuges, phosphorimager, scanning spectrophotometers, electrophoresissystems for a protein and nucleic acid analysis and D.N.A.sequencing, and computers for integration with the instrumentation.Bioimaging facilities include a confocal microscope,fluorescence microscopes, and scanning andtransmission microscopes. There is a recently built researchgreenhouse.A Biological Sciences Computer Center opened in 2003with funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S.Department of Defense, and the State of New York. Thelaboratory is integrated into the research instruments in theBiological Sciences Department and enables students tolearn how to operate state-of-the-art scientific instruments.The Center has real-time videoconferencing capabilities toallow faculty to incorporate research results and access to theInternet while teaching courses.Noteworthy research equipment and facilities in the Departmentof Chemistry include nuclear, magnetic, and electronparamagnetic resonance spectrometers, uv-visible andFourier transform infrared spectrophotometers, gas andhigh-pressure liquid mass-spectrometer-interfaced chromatographs,teaching and research labs, and a student computingfacility.The Department of Physics and Astronomy is conductingcutting-edge research in nanoscience, quantum optics,and string theory. Undergraduate and graduate students areinvolved in research that is supported by grants from theNational Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy,and the U.S. Department of Defense.The Department of Anthropology houses extensivehuman and primate osteologic and fossil cast collections.A computer graphics-based student laboratory,established with a National Science Foundation grant,lets students access these collections for virtual studyand research. The Department also houses the MetropolitanForensic Anthropology Team, which advisesregional Medical Examiners' offices on cases involvingunidentified human remains.All these departments and researchers have easy accessto the academic computing facilities at the College aswell as the mainframe computer at the City UniversityComputer Center.INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT CENTER FOREXCELLENCEThe Instructional Support Center for Excellence (I.S.S.P.) isdedicated to promoting the academic development of Lehmanstudents at both undergraduate and graduate levels.I.S.S.P. provides tutoring, workshops, and additional resourcesto support classroom learning. The two main divisionsof instructional support at the College are theAcademic Support Center for Excellence (A.C.E.), located inthe Old Gym Building, Room 205, and the Science LearningCenter (S.L.C.), located in Gillet Hall, Room 133.NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDENUnder an agreement with CUNY, a number of staff membersof the New York Botanical Garden offer courses inLehman's Department of Biological Sciences. This arrangementmakes specialized material, equipment, and collectionsavailable to Lehman students and provides facilities forresearch under exceptionally favorable conditions. The Museumof the Botanical Garden contains a library of about65,000 volumes; a herbarium with some 3 million specimens,which provides excellent opportunities for research intaxonomy, ecology, and phytogeography; and specialrooms for the cryptogamic collections. The collection ofliving plants on the grounds and in the greenhouses providesa wealth of material, with approximately 12,000species represented.26 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

THE BOOKSTORERECITAL HALLThe Bookstore, located on campus between Davis and CarmanHalls, provides the required faculty-chosen textbooksand related course materials. It also carries a large line ofacademic software, a comprehensive trade section of generalinterest books, and school supplies. The College communitymay shop for compact discs, select remainder books on saleat up to 70 percent off list price, and purchase Lehman appareland other products, including snacks, candies, sundries,and soda. Items in the Bookstore are also available forpurchase online at www.lehmanbookstore.com.Fine and Performing Arts FacilitiesLEHMAN CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTSLehman Center for the Performing Arts' 2,310-seat ConcertHall is the borough's premier performance space. Criticshave called it “acoustically perfect.” With a modern 2,400-square foot stage and an hydraulic orchestra pit, the Centerpresents outstanding classical, popular, and folk/ethnicdance, music, and theatre companies from around theworld. The Young People's Series offers a free introductionto the performing arts for area school children. Special, culturallydiverse Community Celebrations enhance the Center'sofferings. The Center has also served as the site ofnumerous public programs and debates of national interest.Lehman students are offered discounted tickets for mostevents, as well as opportunities to work as ushers and apprenticestagehands. Examples of artists who have recentlyperformed at the Center include: El Gran Combo, VirskyUkrainian National Dance Company, Smokey Robinson,Jimmy Cliff, Trinity Irish Dance Company, Nickelodeon'sBlues Clues Live, and the gospel musical “Your Arms TooShort to Box With God.”LEHMAN STAGESLehman Stages is a performance and rehearsal facility atLehman College, comprised of the Lovinger Theatre, theStudio Theatre, the Student Experimental Theatre (or“S.E.T.”), and the Dance Lab @ Lehman. Part of the Bronxfor over two decades, the facilities that comprise LehmanStages have served as an invaluable cultural resource for theBronx and the larger New York City community. LehmanStages is dedicated to the creation and presentation of performingarts programming of all disciplines, with a specialfocus on education and cultural diversity. Lehman Stagesaspires to be an artistic touchstone for emerging artists of allbackgrounds and a training facility for the College's theatreand dance program. The facilities also provide low-costrehearsal, performance, and conference space for arts,civic, and government organizations throughout the metropolitanarea.The Music Building houses a 150-seat Recital Hall, which isused by music students and music faculty membersthroughout the academic year. There are also individualpractice rooms for music students, as well as larger rehearsalhalls for groups such as the Community Band, LehmanCollege Chorus, and Lehman College Community Chorus.Many recitals are given at noontime in the Recital Hall andattended by the public during the lunch hour. The LehmanCollege Chamber Players, the Lehman College Jazz Ensemble,and the Lehman College Brass Ensemble are among thegroups performing noon-time concerts.LEHMAN COLLEGE ART GALLERYThe Lehman College Art Gallery is located in the Fine ArtsBuilding, designed by renowned architect Marcel Breuer. TheGallery presents innovative contemporary art in two strikingexhibition spaces. Education is an integral component ofexhibition programming and provides the basis for the Gallery'soutreach—from young students to senior citizens.New technologies offer a means of reaching audiences internationallyas well as locally and provide creative newvenues for artists. The Gallery's website, featuring BronxPublic Art, highlights an extraordinary collection of publicart from the W.P.A. to contemporary projects.Student Life Facilities, Programs, andServicesOFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT OF STUDENTAFFAIRSThe Office of the Vice President of Student Affairs (ShusterHall, Room 206) is concerned with all aspects of student lifeand provides numerous services for Lehman undergraduates,from orientation for incoming students to arrangingthe College's annual commencement.The Office is available to assist students with academicand personal issues, as well as to advise student organizationsand extracurricular groups. Specialized counselorsadvise students on questions regarding financial aid (ShusterHall, Room 136, phone 718-960-8545); personal issues(Old Gym Building, Room 114, 718-960-8761); and jobplacement, part-time work opportunities, and other careerrelatedmatters (Shuster Hall, Room 254, 718-960-8366).Other services are provided through the Registrar's Office,the International Students Office, the Center for SpecialStudent Services, the Student Health Center, and the ChildCare Center.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 27

THE APEXThe APEX is a $57 million recreation and sports facility thatprovides 165,000 square feet of multidimensional, multipurposespace. It houses the College's intercollegiate andintramural athletics program, as well as classrooms anddance studios for the academic program in dance theatre.The chief attraction of the APEX—a 50-meter, eight-laneswimming pool—has provided a new level of opportunityfor the sport of competitive swimming in the metropolitanarea. It is used for both national and international athleticcompetitions, while also supporting Lehman's many academic,recreation, intramural, and community outreachactivities.The APEX has two gymnasiums, one for intercollegiateathletics with a seating capacity of 1,350, and the other forrecreational and intramural use. Other key features of thebuilding include: four racquetball courts, free weight room,cardiovascular fitness center, a training room, an equipmentroom with laundry facilities, saunas, locker rooms,dance and ballet studios, and an indoor running track.The College also has five outdoor tennis courts and soccer,softball, and baseball fields. Alumni, College staff, andcommunity members as well as Lehman students may useathletic facilities in accordance with College rules and regulations.INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICSLehman College is a member of the National CollegiateAthletic Association Division III, the City University of NewYork Athletic Conference, the North East Collegiate VolleyballAssociation, the Metropolitan Collegiate SwimmingAssociation, and the Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference.Students are encouraged to join athletic teams, many ofwhich participate in local league competition. Standards forparticipation and rules governing the sports are those of theNational Collegiate Athletic Association and various localand district conferences.The eligibility requirements for Lehman College are asfollows:• Athletes must be full-time matriculated students, i.e.,carrying twelve (12) credits.• Athletes must have and maintain a 2.0 index.Competition is held in the following: baseball, basketball,cheerleading, cross-country, softball, swimming, tennis,indoor and outdoor track and field, and volleyball. In additionthere is conference, regional, and national championshipcompetition in all intercollegiate programs. CityUniversity championship tournaments are conducted inbaseball, basketball, cheerleading, cross country, soccer,softball, swimming, tennis, indoor and outdoor track andfield, and volleyball.INTRAMURAL ATHLETICSThe intramural program provides a wide variety ofactivities of a competitive and recreational nature inwhich students, staff, and faculty may participate. Organizedactivities are scheduled throughout the year inmen's, women's, and coeducational teams. These areconducted during free hours on Wednesdays from 3 to5 p.m. and on Fridays from noon to 1 p.m. Supervisedrecreational facilities are made available as often aspossible for informal use by the Lehman Collegecommunity. The following intramural activities areavailable: basketball, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis,and volleyball. The Intramural-Recreation Office is locatedin Room 253 of the APEX.RECREATION OPPORTUNITIESSupervised hours for recreation within the APEX pool, fitnesscenter, auxiliary gym, aerobics room, and racquetballcourts are provided as often as possible for informal use byfaculty, staff, and students. The schedule for these facilitiesvaries somewhat from semester to semester and may beobtained in Room 251, APEX. The APEX is open Mondaysthrough Fridays during the academic year from 7 a.m. until10 p.m. On Saturday, the building is open from 8 a.m.until 5 p.m., and on Sunday from 9 a.m. until 2 p.m.Students may use the APEX free of charge; for others, ayearly membership fee is required. Additional informationand use schedules are available in Room 251 or bycalling 718-960-1117.THE OFFICE OF CAMPUS LIFEThe Office of Campus Life, located in the Student Life Building,implements a comprehensive student developmentprogram that complements the academic experience. Programsinclude an annual Leadership Development Retreatfor student officers, a Community Service Fair, andbiannual blood drives, as well as special interest seminarsand receptions.The Office also serves as a resource for all student clubsfunded through the student activity fee. In association withCASA (Campus Association for Student Activities) and theProgramming Board, the Office promotes thematic programssuch as Black History Month, Women's HistoryMonth, and Latino Heritage Month. Activities within theseprograms range from concerts to poetry readings. Staff of theOffice are available to all matriculated students who mightbe interested in existing or new student clubs.28 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

The Student Life Building is a two-story facility that contains32 student club offices, the campus radio stationWHLC, and other facilities. Adjacent to the south baseballfield, the building is open from 9 a.m. until 9 p.m. Mondaythrough Thursdays and from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m. on Fridays.Matriculating students are welcome to use the game room,TV room, student lounge, or conference rooms. On the upperlevel, a copying/ fax service is available to all members ofthe Lehman community. Student club members are also freeto use the computer resources for creating club posters andannouncements. A wireless network and laptop rental programis available to registered students.THE CAFETERIAThe Student Cafeteria's contract operator offers food andcatering services to the Lehman College community. Hotand cold dishes are available at moderate prices from7:30 a.m. to 8:45 p.m. Monday through Thursday, andfrom 7:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. on Friday and Saturday.Schedules vary when class is not in session. Currentschedules may be obtained by calling 718-960-1175.The main student cafeteria, in the lower level of theMusic Building, has a seating capacity of 800. A café islocated in Carman Hall and serves fast food and casualmeal items. The hours of operation for the café are thesame as those of the student cafeteria. For the convenienceof students, a varied selection of vending machinesis also available both in the Carman Hall Café and theStudent Cafeteria.THE OFFICE OF CAREER SERVICESThe Career Services Center (Room 254, Shuster Hall, 718-960-8366) assists students in preparing for the realities ofthe workplace and acquiring employment after graduation.Through its computerized online listings and postings, studentshave access to full-time positions in private, public,and non-profit organizations. The Center also provides studentswith expanded services through its state-of-the-artcomputer lab, which includes interactive career assessmentprograms and online information systems.The Career Services Center offers individual career counseling,job readiness workshops (résumé writing, interviewing,job search strategies), job referrals, internshipopportunities, and on campus recruitment activities withvarious employers.THE SPEECH AND HEARING CENTERThe Speech and Hearing Center provides diagnostic andtherapeutic services to members of the Lehman communityand the surrounding region who have hearing or speechlanguageproblems. Services are delivered by graduatestudentclinicians under the close supervision of speechlanguage pathologists and audiologists who are certified byA.S.H.A. (the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association)and licensed by New York State.Located in the Speech and Theatre Building, the Center iswell equipped to deliver a wide range of diagnostic andtherapeutic services. The clinic operates during the academicyear. Students test hypotheses on the patient population, aswell as develop diagnostic and therapeutic skills. The clinichas units for individual and group therapy, and facilities forstudent research. Devices for assisting the hearing impairedare available for evaluative purposes.THE STUDENT HEALTH CENTERThe Student Health Center is located in the T-3 Building,Room 118. The Center offers a wide range of services, including:primary and acute care and treatment, urgent care,women's health services, required and elective immunizations,and annual, athletic, and job physicals. Basic laboratoryservices and pharmaceuticals are also available. Healthawareness outreach is a key focus.The Student Health Center is supported by the student activityfee and, therefore, most services are free or are offeredat a significantly reduced cost.Office hours during the academic year are Monday,Thursday, and Friday from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m., and Tuesdayand Wednesday from 9 a.m. until 6:30 p.m. A mid-levelpractitioner is available at all times. Students with valid I.D.smay use the services of the Center on an appointment basis.Sick walk-in patients are accommodated. For additionalinformation and appointments, call 718-960-8900.THE COUNSELING CENTERIndividual counseling services and group workshops areavailable to all undergraduate and graduate students.Trained professionals and peer counselors offer confidentialassistance with personal obstacles to growth, including difficultieswith academic performance anxiety; time, and stressmanagement; depression; family and relationship problems;disordered eating; substance abuse and alcoholism; andother issues of everyday life. Day or evening appointmentsmay be arranged by contacting the Counseling Center at718-960-8761 or by visiting the Center (Old Gym Building,Room 114).LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 29

THE CHILD CARE CENTERThe Lehman College Child Care Center is located in the T-3Building, Room 115. It has two spacious classrooms and awell-designed, enclosed outdoor play area. The Center islicensed by the New York City Department of Health, Bureauof Day Care, and accredited for over ten years by theNational Association for the Education of Young Children.Child-care services during the day are provided for two-tofive-year-olds.Evening programs for children aged five to nine are availableto parents attending evening classes at Lehman. Studentsenrolled in Saturday classes may enroll their four-tonine-year-oldchildren in the Center's Saturday program.Enrollment is based on available spaces and dated applicationsfrom a waiting list. The Center has also begun a Sundayprogram for parents taking classes or involved in othercampus activities, such as tutoring or study groups.INTERNATIONAL STUDENT SERVICESThe International Student Adviser's office is located in ShusterHall, Room 210. The International Student Adviser providesassistance with immigration matters as they apply tostudents in F and J visa status. The Bureau of Citizenship andImmigration Services' Certificate of Eligibility will be providedto international students upon completion of all admissionrequirements and receipt of the required financialdocuments. The Certificate of Eligibility (I-20) is issued onlyafter an international student has been admitted into a fulltimedegree program and has documented sufficient financialresources to study and live in the United States. For additionalinformation, telephone 718-960-7274 or emailAnne.O-Sullivan@lehman.cuny.edu.Students interested in additional information about theCenter, including current rates for full-time and part-timechildcare, as well as for the after-school and weekend programs,should call 718-960-8746 for more information.SPECIAL STUDENT SERVICESThe Office of Special Student Services provides accommodationsto Lehman students who provide documentation of adisability. The services include, but are not limited to: advocacyand advisement, assistance during registration, individualtest administration, library assistance, tutoring and notetaking,provision of technical equipment, and referrals tooutside agencies. In providing these services, the Office arrangesfor the hiring of trained specialists, such as sign languageinterpreters, note-takers, tutors, scribes, readers,proctors, and a learning disability specialist.In addition, specialized technical equipment is availablefor a wide range of special needs. This equipment includesthe following assistive technology: computers, special softwaresuch as ZOOM TEXT (enhances print on the computermonitor), JAWS (vocalizes typed material), tape recorders,talking calculators, and reading machines. The Office ofSpecial Student Services is located in Shuster Hall, Room238, 718-960-8441, TTY 718-960-8931. For more information,visit www.lehman.edu/vpstud/spstudentserv.30 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

BaccalaureateProgramsUndergraduate General Education CurriculumSpecial Curriculum ProgramsInventory of Undergraduate Programs Registeredwith New York StateProfessional and Preprofessional ProgramsTeacher Education ProgramsSpecial StudiesDegree Requirements

The Undergraduate GeneralEducation CurriculumLehman College offers all its students the opportunity todeepen their knowledge of themselves and their world byengaging in a thorough study of the liberal arts and sciences.To that end, the College has several curricula thatsatisfy the liberal arts and sciences requirement. One ofthese is the Undergraduate General Education Curriculum.This structured program of courses is designed toprovide a broad knowledge of the achievements andmethods of the liberal arts and sciences and to developstudent abilities to participate responsively in informedinquiry into subjects of both public and personal concern.This curriculum requires students to complete a seriesof courses in writing, mathematics, foreign language, andnatural science. Students must also complete one coursefrom each of seven areas: Individuals and Society; Socio-Political Structures; Literature; The Arts; ComparativeCulture; Historical Studies; Knowledge, Self, and Values.In addition, students must complete two upper-divisioninterdisciplinary courses: one in the Humanities and Sciences,and one on the American Experience. To developwriting skills, students must complete four courses designatedas writing-intensive. Major and minor fields ofstudy are also required.More detailed information on the requirements of thiscurriculum can be found in this section of the Bulletin,under the headings “Lower Division General EducationRequirements” and “Upper Division General EducationRequirements.”Special Curriculum ProgramsIn addition to the Undergraduate General Education Curriculum,Lehman offers several other curricula that satisfythe liberal arts and sciences requirement.MACAULAY HONORS COLLEGE AT LEHMANThe Macaulay Honors College at Lehman College admittedits first class in September 2002. Member of theHonors College are designated “University Scholars.”They receive full tuition, stipends, a study grant programto use for academically enriching experiences, such asstudy abroad, and a laptop computer. A “Cultural Passport”provides entrée to concerts, the theater, museums,and other cultural institutions in New York City. Passportactivities will also put students in contact with peopleactive in many facets of city life, the arts, government,business, and science.Criteria for selection include the student's high schoolacademic record, S.A.T./A.C.T. scores, an essay, two lettersof recommendation, and an interview.Honors College applicants are required to file an HonorsCollege application available from the UniversityOffice of Admissions (O.A.S.), 114 Avenue of the Americas,New York, NY 10035.THE LEHMAN SCHOLARS PROGRAMThe Lehman Scholars Program, established in 1980, offerscapable and highly motivated students the atmosphereof a small, intimate college. The program featuressmall seminars, mentors, and an extra-credit option. Itprovides an introduction to the liberal arts in the areas ofEnglish, foreign languages, natural science, social science,humanities, and the fine and performing arts. Studentswith a minimum G.P.A. of 3.5 are eligible to apply to theprogram at any point prior to the completion of 64 credits.For further information, see the information containedin the chapter on “Academic Departments andPrograms” of this Bulletin.THE RONALD E. MCNAIR PROGRAMRonald McNair was the second African American astronaut.A laser physicist with a Ph.D. from M.I.T., he perishedin the Challenger space shuttle in 1986. Thisprogram is named in his memory. This program is a twoyearpre-Ph.D. preparatory program aimed at helpingstudents gain admission to, and financial aid for, Ph.D.programs. Students who are “first to college” in theirfamilies and “low-income” are eligible to apply. TheMcNair Program is a T.R.I.O. Program of the U.S. Departmentof Education. For details, contact ProfessorGary Schwartz, director, or Julette Sanchez, coordinator(718-960-7350). The Program office is located in Room315 of the Library.THE TEACHER ACADEMYThe Teacher Academy at Lehman College admitted itsfirst class in September 2006. Students in this CUNY programare committed to teaching math or science in NewYork City’s public schools and pursue a rigorous academicprogram with early participation in the schools.They receive four years of free tuition as well as paid internshipsand may qualify for an additional Lehman CollegeFoundation scholarship. As Teacher Academystudents at Lehman College, they major in mathematicsor science, with a minor in middle and high school education,and learn in a “college within a college” environment.They receive special advisement, are placed insmall classes, and become part of a supportive commu-32 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

nity of fellow students and faculty. Students also take partin fieldwork in a local school setting, beginning duringthe freshman year with observations and culminatingwith student teaching during the senior year. All fieldworkis linked to courses, providing a bridge betweentheory and practice. Teacher Academy students also haveopportunities to work with nationally and internationallyrecognized faculty and to pursue undergraduate researchwith the guidance of faculty mentors. For details, contactDr. Susan Polirstok, director, CUNY Teacher Academy atLehman College (718-960-8004) or the Lehman AdmissionsOffice (718-960-8706).ADULT DEGREE PROGRAMThe Adult Degree Program offers incoming students 25years of age or older a flexible curriculum under closefaculty supervision. Students may earn up to 30 creditsthrough internship, research, and tutorials. Up to 15 ofthese credits may be awarded for life experience. For furtherinformation on this program, see the information on“Individualized Study Programs” contained later in thisBulletin.INDIVIDUALIZED BACHELOR OF ARTS PROGRAMThe Individualized Bachelor of Arts Program offers studentswho have more than 30 but fewer than 90 creditsan opportunity to establish, with the assistance and approvalof a faculty committee, their own individualizedmajor. For further information on this program, see theinformation on “Individualized Study Programs” containedlater in this Bulletin.Inventory of Undergraduate Program Names and DegreesAs Registered with the State of New York(Note: The following list contains the names of Lehman College programs that have been registered with the New York State Education Department.The list includes the names of certain programs no longer offered by the College; it will be the responsibility of each student to determinewhich programs are currently being offered. Students are cautioned that enrollment in other than registered or otherwise approved programs mayjeopardize the students' eligibility for certain student financial aid awards.)HEGIS # DEGREE PROGRAM TITLE0502 BA/BS Accounting0313 BA American Studies2202 BA Anthropology2202 BS Anthropology (Physical), Biology, andChemistry [interdepartmental concentrationin]1002 BA Art1002 BFA Art1003 BA Art History0401 BA Biology0401 BA Biology 7-122211 BA Black Studies0506 BBA Business Administration0838 BA Business Education1905 BA/BS Chemistry1905 BA Chemistry 7-121503 BA Comparative Literature (interdepartmental)1009 BS Computer Graphics & Imaging0702 BS Computer Information Systems0701 BA/BS Computer Science0899 BA Corporate Training1008 BA Dance1008 BFA Dance/Theatre1306 BS Dietetics, Foods, & Nutrition2204 BA Economics1501 BA English1501 BA English 7-121102 BA French1102 BA French 7-121914 BA Geology2206 BA Geography1103 BA German1110 BA Greek1101 BA Greek & Latin0837 BS Health Education & Promotion0837 BS Health N-12 Teacher0837 BS Health B-12HEGIS # DEGREE PROGRAM TITLE1202 BS Health Services Administration0399 BA Hebraic & Judaic Studies1111 BA Hebrew2205 BA History1104 BA Italian1104 BA Italian 7-120399 BA Italian-American Studies1109 BA Latin0308 BA Latin American & Caribbean Studies1505 BA Linguistics0601 BA Mass Communication1701 BA Mathematics1701 BA/MA Mathematics dual1701 BA Mathematics 7-120699 BA Multilingual Journalism1004 BA/BS Music1203 BS Nursing1509 BA Philosophy1902 BA/BS Physics2207 BA Political Science2001 BA Psychology0308 BA Puerto Rican Studies0835 BA/BS Recreation Education1101 BA Romance Languages1106 BA Russian4901 BA/BS Self-Determined Studies2104 BA Social Work2208 BA Sociology1105 BA Spanish1105 BA Spanish 7-121506.01 BA Speech1220 BA Speech Pathology & Audiology1007 BA Theatre2199 BS Therapeutic RecreationCertificate Programs5399 Cert Geographic Information SystemsLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 33

BACHELOR OF ARTS-MASTER OF ARTS(B.A.-M.A.) PROGRAMThe Bachelor of Arts-Master of Arts (B.A.-M.A.) Program isan option for entering freshmen with superior academicbackgrounds. Students may arrange with departments offeringboth the B.A. and M.A. a suitable course of study that, atthe end of four years, will lead to simultaneous awarding ofthe degrees. To be eligible, entering freshmen must havehigh school averages of better than 90 and scores of at least600 in the verbal and mathematics sections, respectively, ofthe Scholastic Aptitude Test. Matriculated students who wishto be considered must have achieved a cumulative index ofat least 3.4 in no more than 54 earned credits. The B.A.-M.A.Program requires attendance in at least one Lehman Collegesummer session, preferably between the junior and senioryears or after completion of 90 credits.SECOND UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMLehman College accepts candidates for a second undergraduatedegree when specific professional purposes dictatethe need and when the second degree represents preparationdiscrete from the preparation identified by the first bachelor'sdegree. Candidates must complete a minimum of 30credits in residence (see the definition of residence creditsunder the heading of "Credit Requirements" later in thischapter) and must fulfill all the requirements for the newmajor and/or interdisciplinary program. Students must takethe English Transfer Placement Exam and complete the Collegewriting requirement as determined by that examination.The liberal arts requirements from the first degree maysatisfy the requirements for the second degree. In general,candidates will have fulfilled the College requirementswith the first degree, but specific requirements may be recommended.Candidates for a second bachelor's degree musthave their curricula approved by the Office of AcademicStandards and Evaluation (Shuster Hall, Room 280).CUNY BACCALAUREATE PROGRAMLehman participates in the CUNY Baccalaureate Program,which allows students the opportunity to earn up to 30 creditsthrough internship, research, or work experience (15 ofwhich may be earned for prior work experience) and to takecourses at other senior colleges within CUNY. For furtherinformation, consult the Academic Information and AdvisementCenter (Shuster Hall, Room 280).INTERDISCIPLINARY AND INTERDEPARTMENTALPROGRAMSLehman offers students the opportunity to earn a bachelor'sdegree in one of these interdisciplinary or interdepartmentalprograms: American Studies; Anthropology (Physical), Biology,& Chemistry; Comparative Literature; Computer InformationSystems; Computer Graphics & Imaging; DanceTheatre; Italian-American Studies; Latin American & CaribbeanStudies; Linguistics; and Multilingual Journalism. Interdisciplinaryand interdepartmental courses are alsooffered in the Humanities, the Natural & Social Sciences,Urban Studies, Women's Studies, and World Classics.Professional and PreprofessionalProgramsPREDENTAL, PREMEDICAL, AND PREVETERINARYLehman College students preparing for careers in medicine,dentistry, or veterinary medicine may elect a B.A. orB.S. curriculum and may choose any approved major.Preprofessional students preparing for careers in thehealth professions should at the time of their first registrationconsult advisers concerning the choice of sciencecourses for the first semester. Since the requirements ofmedical schools may vary, students intending to pursuean M.D. degree should consult the bulletins of the medicalschools to which they are planning to apply.In general, medical schools require two years of collegechemistry (including organic chemistry) and oneyear each of college physics, biology, and mathematics.Because some medical schools require more than theminimum, it is important that interested students includefirst-year biology and chemistry in the first 60 creditsearned at Lehman. As much science as possible should becompleted by the time 90 credits have been earned (end ofjunior year) because this is the time when the Medical CollegeAptitude Tests are taken. After admission to LehmanCollege, the student preparing for a career in dentistry,medicine, pharmacy, or veterinary medicine should registerwith the premedical adviser (Carman Hall, Room 337A).PREPHARMACYLehman College offers students a pre-pharmacy programthat articulates with the pharmacy programs at the Arnoldand Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciencesof Long Island University and the College of Pharmacyand Allied Health Professions at St. John's University. Studentswho complete the prescribed prepharmacy curriculumwith a cumulative index of at least 3.0 may be eligible totransfer to the first professional year of the pharmacy pro-34 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

gram at either of these colleges. Interested students shouldconsult with the College's prepharmacy adviser (CarmanHall, Room 337A).PRELAWStudents considering careers in the law have manyopportunities at Lehman College. Legal educatorsrecommend that students preparing for law school follow acourse of study that develops a critical understanding of theinstitutions and values with which the law deals, the abilityto think analytically, to conduct independent research, andto write and speak effectively. A comprehensive liberal artseducation—including a major stressing these essential skills,courses in philosophy such, as critical thinking and thephilosophy of law, and courses in English, such as advancedexpository writing—offers the best foundation for lawschool. A minor in political science is helpful. Studentsinterested in law school should meet with the College'sprelaw adviser for information and counseling. For referralto the Prelaw Adviser, see the Academic Information andAdvisement Center (Shuster Hall, Room 280).PROFESSIONAL OPTIONLehman College offers a professional option that allowsstudents to complete the undergraduate degree at an accreditedprofessional school in their senior year. To apply for thisoption, students must have fulfilled all general educationrequirements for the degree, at least half of the major andminor, and 90 or more credits, with at least 30 earned atLehman. With departmental approval, the major and theminor may be completed at the professional school. Thisoption is open to students in predental, premedical, preveterinary,and prelaw. Information and applications are availablein the Office of Academic Standards and Evaluation(Shuster Hall, Room 280).PRE-ENGINEERING TRANSFER PROGRAMLehman College offers the Pre-engineering Transfer Program,administered by the Department of Physics andAstronomy. Students study at Lehman for two years beforetransferring to the School of Engineering at City College.(For more information, consult the Pre-Engineeringadviser in Gillet Hall, Room 131.)The only complete engineering program in CUNY is atCity College. Students at Lehman College can transfer tothe School of Engineering at City College after completing24 credits, including two semesters of calculus and onesemester of either physics or chemistry. Although a wellpreparedstudent can complete these requirements in twosemesters, it is strongly recommended that a student enteringthis program should plan to spend three semesters atLehman College, taking the following courses:• English. Courses required to meet the degree requirementsin English composition, as explained under “DegreeRequirements” later on in this chapter of theBulletin.• Speech. COM 100 (Fundamentals of Oral Communication).• Mathematics. MAT 175-176 (Calculus I and II) andMAT 226 (Intermediate Calculus I).• Physics. PHY 168-169 (Introductory Physics I and II).• Chemistry. CHE 166-167 and 168-169 (General Chemistry—Lecturesand Labs—I and II).Teacher Education ProgramsTeacher preparation at Lehman is based on a firm foundationin the liberal arts and sciences. Students who plan toteach at the early childhood, childhood, or middle and secondarylevels must major in their choice of departmental orinterdepartmental program. Prospective teachers also enrollin an appropriate education sequence in one of the followingtwo departments:The Department of Early Childhood and Childhood Educationprepares candidates for initial New York State certification toteach children at the early childhood (Birth-Grade 2) andchildhood (Grades 1-6) levels, including children whoseprimary languages and cultures are not English, and collaboratesin the preparation of teachers of special subjects (i.e.,art, health, and music) in elementary school (prekindergartenthrough grade 12).The Department of Middle and High School Education preparescandidates for initial New York State certification to teachacademic and special subjects (English, science, mathematics,social studies, art, music, health, and foreign languages)in secondary schools, grades 7-12.In 2002, Lehman College's education programs receivedaccreditation from the National Council for Accreditation ofTeacher Education (N.C.A.T.E.). N.C.A.T.E. accredits onlyeducation programs of the highest quality.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 35

Undergraduate Teacher CertificationsEARLY CHILDHOOD (BIRTH-GRADE 2), WITH ORWITHOUT BILINGUAL EXTENSIONCHILDHOOD (GRADES 1-6), WITH OR WITHOUTBILINGUAL EXTENSIONStudents seeking the initial certificate as either an early childhoodor childhood education teacher, in addition tocompleting the sequence of professional courses, are requiredto complete a major in one of the liberal arts, physicalor social sciences, or mathematics. Thus, the major areaof concentration is a requirement both for the college degreeand for the teaching certificate. For the purposes of earlychildhood (Birth-Grade 2) and childhood (Grades 1-6)teacher certification, however, major areas of concentrationare restricted to those approved for early childhood andchildhood education. The recommended majors for initialcertification in early childhood and childhood education areas follows:Recommended Majors:Art HistoryBlack StudiesComparative LiteratureHistoryItalian American StudiesLatin American StudiesPuerto Rican StudiesSociologyAdditional recommended majors may be added after the printingof this Bulletin; students need to see an adviser in the Departmentof Early Childhood and Childhood Education(Carman Hall, Room B-32) to find out which additionalrecommended majors are available.MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOLStudents seeking the initial certificate as a middle and highschool teacher of academic or special subjects will completethe major area of concentration appropriate for the particularcertificate, as well as the sequence of professional coursesleading to the certificate. Approved areas of concentrationare as follows.Adolescence EDUC-English Education (English 7-12)Adolescence EDUC-Language Other Than English(French 7-12)Adolescence EDUC-Language Other Than English(Italian 7-12)Adolescence EDUC-Language Other Than English(Spanish 7-12)Adolescence EDUC-Mathematics 7-12Adolescence EDUC-Biology 7-12Adolescence EDUC-Chemistry 7-12Adolescence EDUC-Physics 7-12Adolescence EDUC-Social Studies 7-12SPECIAL SUBJECTS:Art N-12Health Education N-12Music Teacher N-12Additional recommended concentrations may be added afterthe printing of this Bulletin; students need to see an adviser inthe Department of Middle and High School Education (CarmanHall, Room 29-A) to find out which additional recommendedmajors are available.Special StudiesLehman College is aware of the student's need for an individualeducational experience. Although Lehman offers allstudents the education that occurs in the classroom, lecturehall, and laboratory, the College's faculty is also committedto guiding independent study by students capable ofindividually defining and exploring problems. Such studentsare given the opportunity to participate in departmentalhonors programs; a wide range of independent studycourses, including tutorials, research, and special projectsoffered by each department and the interdisciplinaryprograms; and independent extradisciplinary studies.INTERNSHIP AND FIELD EXPERIENCEOPPORTUNITIESLehman College recognizes the importance of work experienceas a significant element of a liberal arts education.Many departments and programs in the College offer suchlearning experiences, usually off campus. Internships aregenerally carried out in conjunction with classroom learning,often involving a seminar about the fieldwork. Theseinternships may earn college credit and provide the studentwith “hands-on” experience, frequently the first step towardsuccessful entry into a career. For specific information onareas of interest, students should apply to individual departments.For general information and a list of all Lehmaninternships, consult the Office of Career Services, 718-960-8366 (Shuster Hall, Room 254).PROGRAMS OF STUDY ABROADLehman College encourages all students to participate instudy-abroad opportunities. Students may choose to studyabroad for a year or a semester. For students who prefershort-term study programs, the College offers numerousopportunities to study abroad during the summer or winterintersessions. Via direct agreements with universities in England,France, Germany, Spain, and Venezuela, and in cooperationwith other CUNY colleges, Lehman students haveearned credit for study in places all over the world, includingArgentina, Austria, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, China, theDominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, England, France,Germany, Ghana, Guyana, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico,36 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Nigeria, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Spain, Trinidad, andVenezuela. Internships with foreign media and institutionsabroad are now available. Additional programs arebeing developed to offer a wider geographical and contentchoice.Students need not be language majors or minors tostudy abroad. Students in many of the programs are eligiblefor T.A.P. and Pell as well as Study/TravelOpportunities for CUNY Student Scholarships(S.T.O.C.S.) to help defray expenses. Programs must beapproved in advance by the appropriate departments, theOffice of Study Abroad (Carman Hall, Room 269), andthe Office of Academic Standards and Evaluation(Shuster 280). Through a short-term study abroadprogram, students may earn 6 credits toward theirdegrees. Short-term programs may be open to studentswithout foreign language training. The year-longprograms in countries where instruction is not in Englishrequire some background in the relevant language. Studentsspecializing in language and literature generally areexpected to have at least three semesters of languagetraining. Intensive summer and winter session languageprograms are offered for students needing specialpreparation. In every case, students will be expected tohave the language background necessary to follow thefull university program in their academic discipline.Students may obtain further information from the StudyAbroad Adviser (Carman Hall, Room 337).THE PARIS/CUNY EXCHANGE PROGRAMThe Paris/CUNY Exchange Program offers Lehman students(undergraduate and graduate) the opportunity to study atthe University of Paris for either one or two semesters. Participatingstudents register at Lehman College for a minimumof 12 blanket credits per semester before departing forFrance. When they return, the credits earned there, afterevaluation by the appropriate department at Lehman, willbe applied toward their degrees. Students of all departmentsare invited to apply. A minimum proficiency in French(equivalent to three semesters) and a B average in the majorare required. For further information, consult Lynne VanVoorhis, Office of Transfer, Summer, and Study AbroadPrograms, Carman Hall, Room 337; 718-960-8345; fax:718-960-7734.INDEPENDENT EXTRADISCIPLINARY STUDIESIndependent Extradisciplinary Studies permit students toparticipate in reading tutorials, fieldwork (including workexperience), research projects, or special projects in anarea for which there is not a course in a department orinterdisciplinary program.The topic for any of these should be submitted to afaculty member likely to share an interest in it. If the facultymember accepts the topic and is convinced of theapplicant's ability to pursue the proposal, the facultymember refers the student to the Office of AcademicStandards and Evaluation for application. Students mustsecure final approval of the proposal from the Office ofAcademic Standards and Evaluation prior to registrationfor any semester. Students who are approved for IndependentExtradisciplinary Studies must register for thestudy on a pass/fail basis. Credits earned may not exceed15 per semester nor total more than 30.EXPERIMENTAL COURSE OR PROGRAMA Department may offer as an experiment one or morecourses or a program of study that falls outside the boundsof existing courses or programs of study with the approval ofthe Departmental Curriculum Committee, the College'sCurriculum Committee, and the College's Committee onAcademic Standards and Evaluation.Degree RequirementsThe requirements for an undergraduate degree at LehmanCollege are those in effect during the student's first semesterof matriculation, with the exception that, as of the 1996 fallsemester, the number of credits required to earn a degree is120 for all students, provided all other requirements havebeen satisfied.COLLEGE PREPARATORY INITIATIVEThe Board of Trustees in Fall 1993 promulgated newcourse requirements that students must complete in highschool. Requirements apply to all students who graduatedfrom high school in Spring 1993 and thereafter andto all students completing a G.E.D. diploma in September1993 and thereafter. As of Fall 1999, students enteringa senior college are expected to have 16 academicunits: 4 units in English, 3 units in mathematics, 2 unitsin laboratory sciences, 4 units in social sciences, 2 unitsin languages other than English, and 1 unit in fine arts.All transfer students who graduated from high school inSpring 1993 and thereafter, or received G.E.D. diplomasin September 1993 and after, will need to documentcompletion of the C.P.I (College Preparatory Initiative).academic requirements by submitting an official copy ofthe high school transcript and/or GED scores.All students who have not satisfied these requirementsprior to admission will be required to complete thembefore their graduation from Lehman College. Studentsshould consult with an advisor in the Academic Informationand Advisement Center (Shuster Hall, Room 280)for information regarding courses approved for fulfillingC.P.I. deficiencies.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 37

BASIC SKILLS PROFICIENCYThe Board of Trustees of The City University of New Yorkhas mandated that every student meet a minimum University-widelevel of proficiency in reading, writing, andmathematics before entering the senior college. LehmanCollege administers the CUNY/A.C.T. Reading and WritingAssessment Tests and the CUNY Mathematics AssessmentTest (M.A.T.) to all students after admission to the College,but prior to beginning classes, to determine whether thestudents meet minimum University and College standards.Students who fail either the CUNY/A.C.T. Reading and/orWriting Assessment Tests or the CUNY Mathematics AssessmentTest may be invited to enter a "Prelude to Success"program offered at Bronx Community College.CUNY PROFICIENCY EXAMAll students are required to pass the CUNY Proficiency Examin order to graduate. Transfer students with 45 or more creditswill be asked to take the test in their first semester. Studentsare expected to pass the test by the 60 th credit.PROGRAM IN ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGEStudents whose native language is not English and who havefailed the CUNY Reading and/or Writing Assessment Testare administered an E.S.L. Placement Test and placed in theESL sequence. (For a detailed description of E.S.L. courses,see the information contained under “Academic Departments& Programs” later on in this Bulletin.)Students in the E.S.L. program will be expected to passone level of the program for each semester of attendance atthe College. Students who receive the grade of NC* in anESL course the first time will be placed on skills probation.Students who receive a second grade of NC* in the samelevel will be dropped from the College. Any student whois dropped will be given the opportunity to appeal.Note: City University policy requires that ESL students at thesenior colleges pass CUNY/A.C.T. reading and writing assessmenttests prior to entering the freshman composition sequence.CREDIT REQUIREMENTSTo earn a bachelor's degree at Lehman College, studentsmust earn a minimum of 120 credits. All students mustcomplete at least 30 credits in residence at Lehman, includingat least half of the credits of their chosen major and minor(if required). Credits in residence are defined as creditsearned in Lehman College course work.*See "Grading Systems." Grades of WU in E.S.L. courses will behandled in the same manner as grades of NC.Note: Transfer students should have their transcripts evaluatedas soon as possible. First, the Office of Admissions (ShusterHall, Room 152) will evaluate transfer credits to determinetheir Lehman equivalents. Second, the Office of AcademicStandards and Evaluation (Shuster Hall, Room 280) willdetermine which Lehman degree requirements have been met.Third, the academic department that houses the student'smajor (and minor, if needed) will determine which of theserequirements have been met. Students who transfer directlyfrom a CUNY or SUNY community college on completion ofan A.A., A.S., or an A.A.S. degree will have satisfied thelower-division General Education Requirements of LehmanCollege. Such students must still satisfy the basic skills proficiency,C.P.E., major and minor requirements, upper-divisionGeneral Education Requirements and meet the New YorkState minimum liberal arts credit requirement as determinedby the Office of Academic Standards and Evaluation.Lower Division General EducationRequirements (38-50 Credits)GENERAL EDUCATION COURSESCoordinator of General Education, Robert Whittaker (CarmanHall, Room 337)Lehman College provides undergraduates with not onlya major specialization but also training in a range of basicskills and general subjects on beginning, intermediate,and advanced levels. In this way, a bachelor's degree representsboth training in a special field and the skills andknowledge to meet life's varied challenges responsibly,intelligently, and creatively.General Education includes subjects comprising theshared intellectual heritage of our diverse culture. It teachescritical thinking and encourages accurate and effectivecommunication. General Education supports the integration,synthesis, and application of knowledge, and includesproficiency in information literacy. Undergraduateeducation offers not only specialized knowledge andprofessional skills but also the multiple views and generalintellectual abilities developed by the study of liberalarts and sciences that provide a foundation for independent,responsible living.COLLEGE WRITING REQUIREMENT (3-6 CREDITS)Unless exempted, all students must successfully complete a6-credit sequence in English composition (ENG 110-120).Every student should enroll in the appropriate English compositioncourse each semester until ENG 120 is passed.All entering freshmen and all transfer students who havenot already done so must take the CUNY/A.C.T. Writing andReading Assessment Tests prior to registering for their firstsemester at the College. Students will be placed in the appropriatecomposition course or English as a Second Lan-38 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

guage course. A student may be exempted from ENG 110 onthe basis of an evaluation made by the English Department.Students who enter Lehman College with transfercredit in English composition must consult the Departmentof English regarding their composition requirement.Except for holders of A.A., A.S., and A.A.S. degrees fromCUNY or SUNY, transfer students may be required to takea placement exam. Eligible students should take the T.P.E.at special sessions prior to, or at the time of, their first registrationat the College. Composition placement or exemptionwill be determined following the evaluation.FOREIGN LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT(3-9 CREDITS)Students with no more than one year of high school creditin a foreign language are required to take a sequence of twolanguage courses for 9 credits at the 100 level or the equivalentthree-course sequence for 9 credits.Students with more than one year of high school credit ina foreign language may fulfill the requirement with one ofthe following options:• According to placement by the appropriate languagedepartment, either:1. successfully complete one 200- or 300-level foreignlanguage course;2. successfully complete the final course of a 100-levelsequence;3. demonstrate proficiency in a foreign language sufficientto pass a final examination for a 300-level course; or• successfully complete a sequence of two courses for atotal of 9 credits at the 100 level in a new language, orthe equivalent three-course sequence.Students for whom English is a second language may fulfillthe requirement by:• successfully completing two courses in E.S.L. at theE.S.L. 103 level or above;• after placement by the appropriate language department,successfully completing one course at the 200 or300 level in the native language;• successfully completing two courses for a total of 9credits in a new language at the 100 level, or the equivalentthree-course sequence; or• demonstrating proficiency in the native language sufficientto pass a final examination for a 300-level course, asdetermined by the appropriate language department.Transfer students who have completed a year of foreignlanguage study at the college level have satisfied the languagerequirement.NATURAL SCIENCE REQUIREMENT(8-10 CREDITS)All students are required to successfully complete twocourses in laboratory science from a specified list. The list ofapproved courses is available from the Academic Informationand Advisement Center (Shuster Hall, Room 280), onthe Lehman home page (www.lehman.edu) under AcademicAffairs: General Education, and in the Schedule ofClasses distributed prior to registration each semester. Thefollowing list is approved for the Spring 2007 semester, andmay change for subsequent semesters:ANT 171: Introduction to Human EvolutionANT 269: Introduction to Human VariationAST 117: Astronomy of Stellar SystemsAST 136: Astronomy of the Solar SystemsBIO 166: Introduction to Organismic BiologyBIO 167: Principles of BiologyBIO 183: Human BiologyBIO 184: Plants and PeopleCHE114/5: Essentials of General ChemistryCHE 136: Elements of ChemistryCHE 166/167: General Chemistry—Lecture & LabGEO 100: Marine ScienceGEO 101: Physical GeologyGEO 166: Process of Global ChangePHY 135: Fundamental Concepts of PhysicsPHY 140: Physics of SoundNote: Students who are required to take BIO 181: Anatomy andPhysiology I, BIO 182: Anatomy and Physiology II, CHE 114/115:Essentials of General Chemistry Lecture and Laboratory, or CHE120/121: Essentials of Organic Chemistry—Lecture and Laboratory aspart of their majors (Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition; Health Educationand Promotion; Nursing) may use these courses as substitutes forthe Natural Science requirement.MATHEMATICS REQUIREMENT (3-4 CREDITS)Unless exempted, all students are required to successfullycomplete one three- or four-credit college-level mathematicscourse numbered 125 or higher, or three one-credit mathematicscourses numbered between 180 and 199.DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT (21 CREDITS)Every student must choose and complete successfully onecourse from a specified list in each of the seven areas listedbelow. The list of approved courses is available at the AcademicInformation and Advisement Center (Shuster Hall,Room 280), on the Lehman home page (www.lehman.edu)under Academic Affairs: General Education, and in theSchedule of Classes, distributed prior to registration eachsemester. (The list of Distribution Courses is approved eachyear. The following list is approved for the Spring 2007semester and may change for subsequent semesters.) Nomore than two courses from the same department may beused to satisfy the Distribution Requirement.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 39

Area I: Individuals and Society (3 credits)ANT/WST 206: Women & Men: Anthropological PerspectivesBLS/WST 239: Black Women in AmericaLAC 231: Latinos in the United StatesLAC 232: Family & Gender Relations Among LatinosLNG 150: The Phenomena of LanguagePOL 230: Immigration and CitizenshipPSY 166: General PsychologySOC 166: Fundamentals of SociologyArea II: Socio-Political Structures (3 credits)ANT 211: Introduction to Cultural AnthropologyBLS 166: Introduction to Black StudiesBLS 246: Modern AfricaECO 166: Introduction to MacroeconomicsGEH 101: An Introduction to GeographyGEH 235: Conservation of the EnvironmentGEP 204: Basic Mapping: Applications and AnalysisPOL 150: Contemporary Political IssuesPOL 166: American Political SystemPOL 211: Public PolicyPOL 217: Criminal JusticeArea III: Literature (3 credits)BLS/LAC 241: Afro-Caribbean Literature (in English)BLS 242: Afro Literature, Past and PresentBLS 267: Afro American LiteratureENG 222: Literary GenresENG 223: English LiteratureENG 226: ShakespeareENG 227: American LiteratureENG 229: Contemporary Urban WritersENG/WST 234: Women in LiteratureENG 260: American Minority LiteratureFRE 232: The Francophone World (in translation)IDW/CLT 211: Classics of the Western World: Ancient& MedievalIDW/CLT 212: Classics of the Western World: Renaissance& ModernIDW 213: Classics of the Asian WorldLAC/PRS 214: Literature of the CaribbeanSPA/LAC 233: Latin American Literature in TranslationArea IV: The Arts (3 credits)ARH 135: Introduction to the History of Asian Art-Islamic,Buddhist, and Hindu CulturesARH 137: Introduction to the History of Non-Western ArtARH 141: Introduction to the History of Modern Art of theNineteenth and Twentieth Centuries in Europe & the U.S.ARH 167: Tradition & Innovation in the Art of the WestBLS 175: African American Theatre and DanceBLS 266: The Social Aspects of Contemporary Black MusicDNC 135: Dance PerspectivesHUM 250: The City & the TheatreMSH 114: Introduction to MusicCOM 212: History of the Cinema ICOM 213: History of the Cinema IITHE 241: The Art of the TheatreArea V: Comparative Culture (3 credits)ANT/WST/LAC 210: Women in Latin AmericaANT 230-238: Selected Studies in Society & Culture(230: Africa, 231: Middle East, 232: Europe, 233: India,234: Oceania, 235: Native North America, 236: SoutheastAsia, 237: East Asia, (LAC) 238: Latin America)BLS 167: Introduction to African StudiesBLS 232: African CivilizationsBLS/LAC 235: Afro-Caribbean SocietiesBLS (WST) 240: Women in African SocietyGEH 240: Urban GeographyIAS 250 (ANT/SOC 250): The Italian-American CommunityMLJ 211: Introduction to Multilingual MediaPOL 266: Politics & CulturePOL/RUS 220: Russia TodayPRS 213: Puerto Rican CultureArea VI: Historical Studies (3 credits)ANT 212: Ancient Peoples & CulturesBLS 245: Afro-American HeritageHIS 250: Understanding History: Selected TopicsHIS 241: Modern Western Civilization from theSeventeenth to the Nineteenth CenturiesHIS 242: Contemporary European HistoryHIS 243: The Foundation of the United StatesHIS 244: Modern United States HistoryHIS 246: Ancient CivilizationHIS 247: Medieval CivilizationHIS 249: Islamic CivilizationHIS 250: Understanding History: Selected TopicsLAC/HIS 266: Introduction to Latin America & theCaribbean ILAC/HIS 267: Introduction to Latin America & theCaribbean IIPRS 212: History of Puerto Rico 2Area VII: Knowledge, Self, and Values (3 credits)ACU 266: Classical Myth & the Human ConditionAMS 111: American Culture: Value & TraditionBLS/PHI 169: Introduction to African PhilosophyPHI 170: Introduction to LogicPHI 171: Problems of PhilosophyPHI 172: Contemporary Moral IssuesPHI 173: Justice and SocietyPHI 174: Theories of Human NaturePHI 175: Philosophy of ReligionPOL 172: Great Political ThinkersWRITING-INTENSIVE COURSE REQUIREMENTSStudents must complete 4 courses designated as writingintensive,3 prior to earning the 60th credit and 1 following.Individual sections of courses will be designated aswriting-intensive, and students may take writing intensivesections of courses in General Education, major, minor,and elective courses.40 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Upper-Division InterdisciplinaryGeneral Education Requirement(6 Credits)After earning a minimum of 60 credits, all students mustcomplete two interdisciplinary courses: LEH 300: TheHumanities and the Sciences and LEH 301: The AmericanExperience. Each semester, a series of topics for thesecourses will be announced in the Schedule of Classes.LEH 300: Studies in The Humanities and The Sciences. 3 hours,3 credits. Selected topics in the humanities and the sciences studiedfrom different disciplinary perspectives. Note: In general, thiscourse will involve at least three different disciplines, and studentsshould expect writing assignments and computer-based work alongwith research involving the library and Internet. PREREQ: completionof at least 60 college credits.LEH 301: The American Experience. 3 hours, 3 credits. An indepthand interdisciplinary analysis of aspects of American societyand culture with an emphasis on the question of what itmeans to be American. Note: In general, this course will involve atleast three different disciplines, and students should expect writingassignments and computer-based work along with research involvingthe library and Internet. PREREQ: completion of at least 60 collegecredits.Majors and MinorsMAJOR FIELD REQUIREMENTAll candidates for a baccalaureate degree must select amajor field of study and complete all requirements forthat major.DOUBLE MAJORSTo graduate with a double major, a student must fulfill therequirements for both majors and must earn at least 24 discretecredits in each major field, i.e., none of the 24 creditsapplied toward one major shall be applied toward theother major.MINOR REQUIREMENT (12 CREDITS)A minor, which normally consists of 12 credits of relatedcourses beyond the 100 level in a department or approvedprogram (including professional programs such as teachereducation), is required of most students. Normally, at least 6of the 12 credits must be taken in 300- and 400-levelcourses. Students must select their minor by the time theyhave earned 80 credits and must record their choices in theOffice of the Registrar (Shuster Hall, Room 108).With the approval of an appropriate adviser, studentsmay construct their own minor from related courses offeredby two or more departments. Instructions on howto fulfill the minor requirement are available from theAcademic Information and Advisement Center (ShusterHall, Room 280).Note: The College permits students in a few major programs towaive the minor requirement. Students should consult theAcademic Information and Advisement Center (Shuster Hall,Room 280) or the department or interdisciplinary program oftheir major to ascertain whether the College has waived theminor for them.Each department, departmental section, or interdisciplinaryprogram at the College is responsible for determiningthe content and requirements of the majors itoffers. The requirements for each major are listed underthe alphabetical listings of departments in this Bulletin.Students must select a major by the time they haveearned 60 college credits and must record their choices inthe Office of the Registrar (Shuster Hall, Room 106).Students are advised to consult with prospective departmentsabout a major as soon as possible.Restrictions for the B.A. degree: No more than 42 creditsmay be required within one department. No morethan 64 credits may be required as a major.Restrictions for the B.S. and B.F.A. degrees: No morethan 64 credits may be required within one department.No more than 85 credits may be required as a major.Note: Students may take no more than 60 credits in any oneDepartment.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 41

Academic Services andPoliciesAcademic Information and Advisement CenterTutoring ProgramsOffice of the RegistrarTeacher Education ServicesAcademic HonorsStudent ClassificationTransfer CreditCredit by ExaminationUndergraduate Grading SystemsAcademic Integrity & StandardsLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 43

Academic ServicesAcademic Information andAdvisement CenterThe Academic Information and Advisement Center(Shuster Hall, Room 280) is part of the Office of AcademicStandards and Evaluation. This Office carries outthe academic policies of the College and provides academicinformation for all undergraduate students onsuch matters as admission requirements, curriculum,academic standards, grading practices, retention and probationrequirements, transfer policies, degree requirements,requirements for academic honors, graduationrequirements, and general graduate school information,including special graduate fellowships, scholarships, andexaminations. In addition, the Office serves as the coordinatingoffice for academic advisement, the CUNY Baccalaureate,and study-abroad programs.Tutoring ProgramsA.C.E.: The Academic Support Center for Excellence (A.C.E.),located in the Old Gym Building, Room 205, offers students arange of activities designed to support classroom learning. Studentsat any skill level can participate in individual, small group,and/or workshop sessions to improve their proficiency in writing,reading, research, and particular academic subject areas. Inaddition, A.C.E. offers support to students who need to take anyof the CUNY exams, i.e., A.C.T. and C.P.E.. Computer-assistedwriting/language tutorial programs are also available.ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE: Tutoring in writing for allE.S.L. students.FRESHMAN YEAR INITIATIVE: Tutoring in writing for allFreshman Year Initiative students.S.E.E.K.: Tutoring for S.E.E.K. students in virtually all academicdisciplines.THE MATH LABORATORY: Located in Gillet Hall, Room 222, theMath Lab offers tutoring, advisement, and support materials formath and math-related courses.S.L.C.: The Science Learning Center (S.L.C.), located in GilletHall, Room 133, provides tutoring in the natural and computersciences as well as upper-level mathematics. Students meet withtutors individually and in group sessions. Software for computer-assistedlearning in several subjects, such as organic chemistryand anatomy, is also available.LIBRARY TUTORS: Available in the Library, these tutors offer helpwith Library resources and computers.Office of the RegistrarNEW YORK STATE RESIDENCY. To be eligible for the tuitionrate of a New York State resident, a student must have hadhis/her principal place of residence in the State of New York forthe 12 consecutive months prior to the first day of classes for thesemester. Continuing students who think they may be eligiblefor this rate may apply in Shuster Hall, Room 182. Enteringstudents should report to the Office of Admissions, Shuster Hall,Room 161.GENERAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION. A "Schedule ofClasses" detailing registration-related regulations and information,class sections, days, hours, and meeting places for each course ispublished each semester on the web (www.lehman.edu) before thestart of registration. General registration information is available inthe Registrar's offices (Shuster 105, 106, 108, 114, 175 and 182).WEB REGISTRATION. All Lehman students, graduate and undergraduate,are eligible to register online. Instructions and appointmentsare sent by the Office of the Registrar, Shuster Hall,Room 182, approximately ten days before registration begins.SEMESTER INFORMATION SERVICES. Students who need informationor who have questions about their current semestercourses and/or class standing may go to Shuster Hall, Room114, to determine full/part-time status, withdrawal regulations,tuition refund eligibility, T.A.P. eligibility, and grading policies.APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSCRIPTS AND OTHER STUDENTRECORDS. Unless the Registrar is notified to the contrarywithin six months of completion of a course, it will be assumedthat all information on the student's record concerningthat course is correct.Applications for transcripts should (1) be addressed to theTranscript Division of the Office of the Registrar (Shuster Hall,Room 108), (2) give the name and address of the official towhom the information is to be mailed, and (3) include the $4Transcript-of-Record Fee (transcripts to City University schoolsare free). Currently enrolled students who need a statement ofattendance should request one in Shuster Hall, Room 114. Studentswho have not met all their financial obligations to theCollege will not be issued a transcript, certificate, degree, orgrade until they have made all outstanding payments. Studentswill not be allowed to register for a new semester unless theyhave satisfied all previous financial obligations to the College.VETERANS. Veterans who wish to request education benefitsshould bring their Bursar's Receipt and file the appropriate formin Shuster Hall, Room 114. Veterans who wish to apply forcredit for military service should file the appropriate form inShuster Hall, Room 182. A veteran may receive up to 8 electivecredits for military service.44 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

DECLARATION OF MAJOR/MINOR OR CHANGE OFMAJOR/MINOR. An application form for these purposes may beobtained in the Office of the Registrar. The completed form,signed by the chair of the department or the coordinator of theinterdisciplinary program in which the student wishes to major/minor,should be returned to the Office of the Registrar(Shuster Hall, Room 106).CERTIFICATION. Students who are required to have a statementof attendance for Social Security, bank loans, employers, theMayor's Scholarship Program, and other purposes should filetheir forms in Shuster Hall, Room 114.RECORDING CHANGES OF ADDRESS. All students in attendanceat the College must report home address changes by filingthe proper form in the Office of the Registrar (Shuster Hall,Rooms 106 or 114).RECORDING CHANGE OF NAME. A student's change of namecan be entered in the official record by filing the proper form inthe Office of the Registrar (Shuster Hall, Room 106) accompaniedby the appropriate legal document, i.e., court order, marriagecertificate, or annulment/divorce papers.Teacher Education ServicesThe Office of Teacher Certification/Student Support Services(Carman Hall, Room B33) supports the programs inearly childhood, childhood, middle and high school, andspecialized services in education (literacy studies, specialeducation and counselor education).• The Office coordinates student teaching and other fieldexperiences necessary to the development of prospectiveteachers of early childhood, childhood, secondary, specialeducation, literacy, art, music, and health.• The Office assists in the securing of teacher and schoolcounselor certification for qualified candidates who havecompleted one of the College's registered education sequences.Assistance for applying is also extended to thosecandidates who seek teacher certification through alternativeroute programs. Individuals who do not completeone of the College’s registered programs but have adequatecredits and experiences to qualify for teacher certificationmay currently apply on their own to the NewYork State Education Department; however, this individualapplication route for certification has been targetedfor change by the New York State Education Departmentand may be subject to change at any time.• The Office maintains resources on teacher and schoolcounselor credentialing and provides information onNew York State regulations. Information for the NewYork State Teacher Certification Examinations(N.Y.S.T.C.E.) is also provided.• The Office, in cooperation with the Office of CareerServices, assists Lehman students and alumni in securingteaching positions by providing information on jobopportunities and by maintaining a permanent repositoryof teacher placement credentials, evaluations, andrecommendations most often requested by prospectiveemployers.APPLYING FOR STUDENT TEACHINGProspective student teachers are urged to plan theircourse of study so that they may devote a semester exclusivelyto their student teaching internship. Student teachingcandidates should have fulfilled their other educationcourse requirements, including special methods courses,before applying for student teaching, and should be preparedto student teach every day for the duration of onecollege semester. Further requirements are detailed inthe respective department's course descriptions. Applicationto student teach is made the semester prior tostudent teaching and requires the permission of theprogram coordinator in order to submit the application.Application due dates are posted outside both the Departmentand Divisional offices and on the Division ofEducation website.TEACHER CERTIFICATIONTeacher certification and licensure is carried out by theNew York State Education Department. The publicschools of the City of New York require New York Statelicensure but often offer temporary certificates. At boththe State and City levels, certification requirements aresubject to change without notice. The information aboutcertification contained in this Bulletin is the most up-todateavailable at press time, but may become obsoleteafter publication. It is the responsibility of the studentor graduate to consult periodically with a departmentaladviser to stay informed about the latest certificationrequirements and/or to consult the New YorkState Education Department website atwww.highered.nysed.gov/tcert.EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS FOR INITIALCERTIFICATIONThe New York State Teacher Certification Examination(N.Y.S.T.C.E.) program for initial certification consists ofthree separate examinations:• The Test of Liberal Arts and Sciences (L.A.S.T.)• The Content Specialty Test (C.S.T.)• The Written Assessment of Teaching Skills (A.T.S.-W.)LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 45

Additionally, a Bilingual Education Assessment is requiredof candidates seeking a bilingual education extension to acertificate. Preparation guides for these examinations can beviewed or downloaded at no charge by visitingwww.nystce.neinc.com.L.A.S.T.: Candidates taking the L.A.S.T. will be asked todemonstrate conceptual and analytical abilities, criticalthinking and communication skills, and multiculturalawareness in a four-hour written test (multiple-choiceand essay), covering historical and social scientific consciousness,scientific and mathematical processes, artisticexpression, and the humanities.Content Speciality Tests (C.S.T.): There are 38 ContentSpecialty Tests, which consist of multiple-choice testquestions and a written assignment. The C.S.T.s for languagesother than English and the Music test includetaped listening and/or speaking components and a writingcomponent. A graphing calculator is required for theMathematics test. Candidates must take the C.S.T. in thecontent area in which they seek certification.The Written Assessment of Teaching Skills: There aretwo versions of the A.T.S.-W. The Elementary A.T.S.-W.measures professional and pedagogical knowledge at theEarly Childhood (Birth-Grade 2) and Childhood (Grades1-6) levels. The Secondary A.T.S.-W. measures professionaland pedagogical knowledge at the Middle Childhood(Grades 5-9) and Adolescence (Grades 7-12) levels.The test consists of multiple-choice questions and a writtenassignment that address student development andlearning, instruction and assessment, and the professionalenvironment.Note: Candidates who already hold a Provisional Certificateissued by New York State prior to February 2, 2004 will berequired to complete the Assessment of Teaching Skills-Performance Video (A.T.S.-P.) in order to earn a PermanentCertificate.THE BILINGUAL EDUCATION ASSESSMENTS (B.E.A.)The B.E.A.s consist of both multiple-choice questions andconstructed-response assignments; the B.E.A.s includeaudiotaped listening and speaking components in Englishand in the target language, and reading and writingcomponents in the target language.NOTE: ALL INITIAL CERTIFICATES REQUIRE COMPLETIONOF TWO, 2-HOUR WORKSHOPS IN VIOLENCE PREVENTIONAND CHILD ABUSE. To learn more about these workshops,visit www.childabuse.com. Preparation workshops are offeredat Lehman College through the Division of Adult and ContinuingEducation. Check in the Division of Education Office forthe dates and times of these sessions.TITLE II DATAThe performance of Lehman College's education “programcompleters” on these certification examinations isreported yearly as Title II data. Pass rates for the 2005-2006 academic year were 98 percent on the L.A.S.T. and98 percent on the A.T.S.-W. Current student pass rates onthese examinations and pass rates of previous years areavailable on the Division of Education website atwww.lehman.edu/deanedu/deanedu/title2data.html.APPLYING FOR TEACHER CERTIFICATIONStudents who successfully complete an undergraduatesequence in education at Lehman are eligible for initialcertification by the N.Y.S. Education Department. Thecertification process is as follows:1. The candidate completes requirements specified by the N.Y.S.Education Department.2. The candidate files a completed application for certificationwith the Division of Education and applies to the Office of theRegistrar (Transcript Section) to have the final transcript of thestudent's record, showing date of graduation, forwarded to theDivision Certification Officer, Carman Hall, Room B33.3. In collaboration with the appropriate department advisor, theDivision Certification Officer will review the transcripts and relateddocuments and determine whether the student can be recommendedfor certification.4. The Division Certification Officer will sign the certificationapplication and forward it to the New York State EducationDepartment.5. The N.Y.S. Education Department forwards the teaching certificatedirectly to the applicant in two to three months.Lehman College can recommend a student for certificationonly if he/she has completed a registered sequenceleading to the certificate requested. Students, however,may apply on their own for certification in an area forwhich they have fulfilled State certification requirements.Note: According to current changes taking place in New YorkState certification requirements, the option to apply for certificationon an independent basis is subject to elimination. Asregulations continue to change, students are responsible forverifying certification-related information with an adviserand/or checking the New York State Education Departmentwebsite at www.highered.nysed.gov/tcert.Application forms and information about specific requirementsfor certification in particular fields of studymay be obtained from the Division of Education in CarmanHall B-33.46 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Academic HonorsDEAN'S LIST*At the end of each academic year, the Office of the Provostand Vice President for Academic Affairs publishes alist of matriculated students who meet the qualificationsfor placement on the Dean's List. To qualify for theDean's List, a student must have completed a minimumof 61credits with a 3.5 cumulative index and a minimumof 24 indexable credits at Lehman College. Students willbe placed on the Dean's List only once.PRESIDENTIAL SCHOLAR*This designation is bestowed upon Dean's List studentswho have earned 3.9 cumulative indices.DEPARTMENTAL HONORS*Graduation with departmental honors requires that, inaddition to any other departmental specification, a studentachieve a cumulative index of 3.2 and an index of3.5 in the major or in an interdisciplinary program for aminimum of 24 credits.COLLEGE HONORS*Students are eligible for College honors at graduation ifthey have completed at least 60 credits in residence atLehman College, of which at least 42 are indexable, witha minimum cumulative index of 3.4. (See definition ofcredits in residence under the heading "Credit Requirements"in the chapter on “Degree Requirements” in thisBulletin.) The following honors may be awarded:Cum laude Index of 3.4 - 3.59Magna cum laude Index of 3.6 - 3.79Summa cum laude Index of 3.8 - 4.0Election to Honor SocietiesPHI BETA KAPPAPhi Beta Kappa, the nation's oldest liberal arts honor society,founded in 1776, granted a charter that established ChiChapter of New York at Lehman College in 1970. Membershipin Phi Beta Kappa is an honor conferred by invitationin recognition of scholarly achievement in the liberal artsand sciences. Election to the Chapter is based on high scholarshipin a broad liberal arts curriculum as distinct from avocationally oriented course of study. To be eligible for election,a student must have completed a year of college-levelstudy in mathematics or a natural science or a semester ofeach, have completed two years of foreign language at thecollege level or its equivalent, and have a minimum 3.6G.P.A. with 90 credits in liberal arts courses.SIGMA XISigma Xi, the national honor society in scientific research,founded in 1886, granted a charter to establish a chapter atLehman College on November 2, 1974. The Lehman Chaptercan elect to membership students who have demonstratedoutstanding ability in the field of scientific research.The chapter provides an opportunity for the presentation ofundergraduate and graduate student research papers, as wellas for attendance at the chapter's annual dinner and scientificlecture.GOLDEN KEY INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETYGolden Key, an international academic honors organizationfounded in 1977, granted Lehman College a charteron May 8, 1986, with 175 initial charter members. Thesociety is interdisciplinary, and its members are juniorsand seniors who are in the top 15 percent of their class,scholastically. Part-time as well as full-time students areeligible for membership.OTHER HONOR SOCIETIESThe following societies encourage students to take anactive interest in independent and advanced study: KappaPi (art), Beta Beta Beta (biology), Iota Sigma Delta Pi(chemistry, for undergraduate and graduate women), TheEnglish Honors Society for Scholarship and CreativeWriting, Omicron Nu (family and consumer studies), PiDelta Phi (French), Delta Phi Alpha (German), Eta BetaRho (Hebrew), Phi Alpha Theta (history), Pi Mu Epsilon(mathematics), Kappa Mu Epsilon (music), Pi SigmaAlpha (political science), Alpha Kappa Delta (sociology),Psi Chi (psychology), Sigma Delta Pi (Spanish), SigmaTheta Tau (nursing), and the Epsilon Eta Chapter ofSigma Alpha Eta (speech and theatre).Academic PoliciesSTUDENT CLASSIFICATIONGroup8 Graduating Senior 106-1207 Lower Senior 91-1056 Upper Junior 76-905 Lower Junior 61-754 Upper Sophomore 46-603 Lower Sophomore 31-452 Upper Freshman 16-301 Lower Freshman 0-15Credits Completed* Second-degree candidates who meet the qualifications are eligible for the Dean's List, Presidential Scholar designation,Departmental, and College honors.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 47

CREDIT AND COURSE LOADSIn general, 1 credit represents 15 hours of classroomwork or 30 hours of laboratory work, plus supplementaryassignments, or the equivalent thereof. One credit ofclinical laboratory in the Department of Nursing represents45 clock hours of work. Unless otherwise stated, thenumber of credits assigned to a course is the numbercounted toward a Lehman College baccalaureate degree.FULL-TIME MATRICULANTSCourses and credit loads for full-time matriculants are asfollows:• To be a full-time student, he/she must attempt a minimumof 12 credits or credit equivalents per semester.• A student may attempt a maximum of 18 credits persemester.• A student on full-time academic probation may attemptno more than four courses per semester and nomore than two courses during a summer session.PART-TIME MATRICULANTSCourses and credit loads for part-time matriculants are asfollows:• In order to make progress toward the degree, a parttimematriculated student is expected to carry each semestera minimum of two courses totaling 5 to 7 creditsor one course totaling at least 5 contact hours.• For purposes of normal academic progress and continuity,a part-time matriculated student must completethe baccalaureate degree in no more than 20 semesters ofattendance (or a number of semesters prorated for studentswith transfer credits), exclusive of summer sessions,but inclusive of semesters spent as a non-matriculated ornondegree student. Exceptions must be approved by theOffice of Academic Standards and Evaluation (ShusterHall, Room 280).• Students on part-time academic probation may takeno more than two courses each semester.• Part-time matriculants, other than those on part-timeprobation, may carry a maximum of 11 credits.NON-DEGREE STUDENTSNon-degree students may take no more than the maximumcredits allowed matriculated (degree) students.SUMMER SESSIONIn summer session, students may earn credit in proportionto the amount of credit they may earn in a regularsemester. For example, in one six-week summer session, astudent may carry no more than 8 credits or two courses,whichever is higher. A student with a minimum cumulativeindex of 3.0 or a student who is graduating from thesummer session may carry an additional 3 credits.If a student attends two summer sessions, at Lehmanand/or elsewhere, and there is any overlap between thetwo sessions, credits representing the number of weeks ofoverlap must be subtracted from the total number ofcredits allowed. Students should consult with the Officeof Academic Standards and Evaluation (Shuster Hall,Room 280).EXCESS CREDITA student with a minimum cumulative index of 3.0 whohas also completed the College Writing requirement andwhose previous semester grades include no INCs, Ws,WUs, Rs, or NCs, or a student who is a graduating senior,may, with the permission of the Office of Academic Standardsand Evaluation (Shuster Hall, Room 280), attemptup to 21 credits. Students who meet all the requirementsstated above and who have successfully completed 21credits in a prior semester may request permission in theOffice of Academic Standards and Evaluation to attemptup to 24 credits. A student who wishes to request permissionto register for more than 24 credits must submit awritten appeal to the Committee on Admission, Evaluation,and Academic Standards, detailing the reason forthe request and a justification for each course planned inthe schedule. This appeal should be submitted to theCommittee through the Office of Academic Standardsand Evaluation. The Committee will determine whetherthe appeal should be granted or denied during the lateregistration and drop/add period.In no case may a student preregister for more than 18credits. Students who register for more than 18 creditsmust pay the CUNY Accelerated Study Fee (see the chapteron “Tuition and Fees” in this Bulletin).WITHDRAWAL FROM COURSESDrop/Add Period. Students may adjust their programs duringthe Drop/Add period at the beginning of each semester,provided there is space in a newly selected course andthey maintain the minimum credit load for their status.Withdrawals after Drop/Add. The grade of W, withdrawalwithout penalty, is awarded only when it is clear that astudent has a good and sufficient reason for withdrawingfrom a course and is doing so at a time when he or she isdoing passing work in the course. Applications for withdrawalare accepted through the tenth week of each semester.Students desiring to drop a course in their major mustobtain a recommendation from the chair or the adviserof the appropriate department program. No facultymember or counselor may withdraw a student from acourse.48 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

The following grades govern official and unofficialwithdrawals after the Drop/Add period. The deadlinedates are published each semester by the Office of AcademicStandards and Evaluation.Official withdrawal without penalty ................ WGradeUnofficial withdrawal with penalty ................. WUOfficial withdrawal with penalty if failingor as indicated below......................................... FNote: Although Ws carry no index penalty, they are credits attemptedfor the purpose of measuring satisfactory academic progress.After the tenth week of each semester, students mayappeal for withdrawals to the Committee on Admissionand Standing, but only for documented reasons of seriousillness or serious personal emergency. Studentsshould submit their appeals to the Office of AcademicStandards and Evaluation (Shuster Hall, Room 280).Students receiving financial aid should discuss in advancewith the Office of Financial Aid the consequencesof withdrawing from a course.TOTAL WITHDRAWALSStudents in good standing may apply for a total withdrawalfrom the College with the intention of applyingfor readmission at a later date.Students withdrawing from the College should firstconsult with the Office of the Vice President of StudentAffairs. If withdrawal is indicated, the student shouldapply in the Office of the Registrar, return all books belongingto the Library, and all other materials and propertyto the appropriate office.There is no category at the College entitled “leave ofabsence.” After students have withdrawn, they may neitherconsider nor identify themselves as “students onleave” from the College; they may only describe themselvesas “former students.” Official discharge for medicalreasons provides no exception to this rule.A student whose cumulative index at the time of officialdischarge from the College is below the minimumrequired for continued matriculation shall be considereddropped for poor scholarship.Lehman College Credit forAttendance at Other InstitutionsThe following regulations apply to Lehman College matriculantswho wish to attend other colleges or universitiesfor Lehman College credit:• A student must have completed one semester of 12credits at Lehman. To be assured full transfer credit, astudent must (a) apply for an e-permit via the CUNY portaland (b) follow the procedures outlined on the permit,including obtaining departmental approval. No studentwill be given a permit for more than one semester of fulltimestudy elsewhere, except in specified programs.• If a student does not obtain permission in advance,including departmental approval, transfer credit may bewithheld. Grades of D earned outside the City Universityof New York are not transferable.• A student may not be enrolled simultaneously at LehmanCollege and another institution for more than themaximum number of credits under Lehman College rules.• A student who has completed half or more of thenumber of credits required for the Lehman Collegebachelor's degree may not receive credit for courses takenat a community college.• Work completed during summer sessions will not becredited beyond the established rate of work at LehmanCollege summer sessions.• To earn a Lehman College degree, a student mustcomplete at least 30 credits in residence at Lehman Collegeand at least half of the credits in the major and in theminor or in an interdisciplinary program. (See the definitionof credits in residence in the chapter on “DegreeRequirements” in this Bulletin under the heading of"Credit Requirements.")• A student is responsible for having transmitted to theCollege a record of all courses taken at a non-CUNY institutionfor Lehman credit while a matriculated student atthe College. (Transcripts for CUNY permit courses willautomatically be forwarded to the home college.)• With special permission, a student who has satisfiedLehman College residence requirements may attempt thefinal 21 credits at another accredited senior college oruniversity, provided that all other requirements for graduationwill have been satisfied. Students wishing to graduate inabsentia must obtain permission from the Office of AcademicStandards and Evaluation (Shuster 280).LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 49

Transfer CreditThe following rules govern the evaluation of transfer credit:• Credit is usually granted for a course from a college oruniversity accredited by one of the following accreditingbodies if the description of that course matches that of asimilar course offered by Lehman College: Middle StatesAssociation of Colleges and Schools/Commission onHigher Education; New England Association of Schoolsand Colleges; North Central Association of Colleges andSchools; Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges;Southern Association of Colleges and Schools/Commissionon Colleges; Western As sociation of Schools andColleges-Accrediting Commission for Senior Colleges;and Accrediting Commission for Community and JuniorColleges.• Credit for a course at a postsecondary institution notaccredited by one of the above-mentioned accreditingbodies, whose description matches that of a similarcourse offered by Lehman College, is usually grantedafter a student has completed a minimum of 30 LehmanCollege credits with a 2.0 cumulative index. The maximumnumber of credits allowed from such nonaccreditedinstitutions is 32.• Courses passed outside the City University system witha grade of D (below 70 percent) will not be credited byLehman College. They will be included, however, in thecumulative index to determine an applicant's eligibilityfor admission.• In accordance with the policy of the Board of Trustees,holders of associate degrees from the City University aregranted 60 earned community college credits on transfer toa senior college, provided that they have not earned seniorcollege credits prior to attending the community college.• Holders of A.A., A.S., and A.A.S. degrees earned outsidethe City University may be granted up to 60 earnedcommunity college credits upon transfer, provided thatthey have not earned senior college credits prior to attendingthe community college. A.A.S. degree students'eligibility for admission is based on the index in liberalarts courses.• All community college transfer students who transferwithout the associate degree may be granted up to 60earned community college credits upon transfer, providedthat they have not earned senior college creditsprior to attending the community college.• No transfer student may be granted more than 90 creditstoward the degree. Students must satisfy the requirementthat 30 credits as well as one-half the credits in themajor and half in the minor or half the credits in an interdisciplinaryprogram be completed in residence atLehman. (See the definition of credits in residence in thechapter on “Degree Requirements” in this Bulletin, underthe heading "Credit Requirements.”)Credit by ExaminationEXTERNAL EXAMINATION PROGRAMS(AP, CLEP, CPEP)Students who have participated in any one of the three externalexamination programs approved by the College—theAdvanced Placement Program (A.P.), the College Level ExaminationProgram (C.L.E.P.), and the College ProficiencyExaminations Program (C.P.E.P.)—may receive advancedplacement depending on the scores achieved and criteria setby the College. Sophomore standing will be awarded tothose who have earned four full Advanced Placement coursecredits.CREDIT BY DEPARTMENTAL EXAMINATIONAll departments at Lehman College may offer credits bymeans of a departmental examination, provided the individualdepartments are convinced that the student,through previous study and/or work, is qualified to takethe examination in a specific course. The department mayassign either credit (representing a grade of C or better) orno credit to the examination. Students who fail this examinationmay not repeat it. Students requesting credit bydepartmental examination must pay the Qualifying ExaminationFee as listed in the section on “NoninstructionalFees” in the chapter on “Tuition and Fees” in this Bulletin.The maximum number of credits students may earnthrough external examinations and life-experience credit(awarded through the Adult Degree Program), exclusiveof Advanced Placement examinations, is 30. (For furtherinformation, consult the Office of Academic Standardsand Evaluation, Shuster Hall, Room 280.)GRADUATE COURSES FOR UNDERGRADUATECREDITSeniors may take graduate courses for undergraduate creditunder the same tuition conditions as those of their undergraduatecourses, provided that they have a 3.0 cumulativeindex and a 3.0 index in the area in which they wish to takethe course. They must secure a recommendation from thedepartment and approval of the Office of Academic Standardsand Evaluation (Shuster Hall, Room 280).Graduate courses taken for undergraduate credit cannotbe used toward a graduate program.AUDITED COURSESAll students, matriculant and non-degree, may audit anycourse other than a laboratory, provided attendance inthe course does not involve the use of consumable materialand/or equipment. Auditors will be charged regulartuition. Audited courses cannot be used to qualify forfull-time or part-time status, financial aid, or veteran'sbenefits. AUD-graded courses carry no credits, but auditorsmust fulfill the instructor's requirements for auditors.50 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

AUD-graded courses should not be confused with coursesgraded “No Credit.” To register as an auditor, prior writtenpermission of the instructor and the appropriate departmentchair is required. No change from regularregistration to auditing, nor from auditing to regular registration,will be permitted after the regular registrationperiod has ended.Undergraduate Grading Systemsand Related PoliciesGRADING SYSTEM IThe grading system for remedial and developmentalcourses consists of A through C and R. The grading systemfor compensatory courses and courses of the CollegeRequirement in English (ENG 110 and 120) and foreignlanguage courses numbered 101, 103, and 105 consistsof A through C and NC.GRADING SYSTEM IIThe grading system for other courses consists of Athrough F. Other grading symbols may be used whenappropriate.PASS/FAIL OPTIONStudents may elect P/F grades for a maximum of 18 creditsin their degree program under the following conditions:• The course for P/F must be outside (a) the Collegedegree requirements and the major, minor, or interdisciplinaryprogram and (b) the courses offered by Lehman'steacher education departments, except for those educationcourses that may be taken only on a Pass/Fail orPass/No Credit basis.• Only one P/F course may be elected in any semester,except for those courses that are always graded P/F.• The P/F choice may not be changed after the Collegeregistration period has ended.• The credits taken on a P/F basis may not be countedtoward the number of credits required in the major andminor when that area represents a change from a previouschoice.CUMULATIVE INDEXA student's overall level of scholarship is reflected in thecumulative index. Each student is expected to computethe index from the accompanying instructions and tableand to recompute it each subsequent semester for a cumulativetotal. A cumulative index may not be computedby averaging the semester indices. Students should checktheir computation against their official transcripts.Grades and Credits to be included in the cumulative indexare: (1) all grades earned at the College, including Fs,FINs, WFs, WUs, and Js (no longer used) and thoseearned in a Lehman summer session and (2) all gradesearned in courses taken at Lehman or City Universitystudy-abroad programs, provided that the students havereceived prior departmental approval. Grades and Creditsto be excluded are those grades earned in any previousinstitution or program not listed in the preceding sectionand all Ps, NCs, INCs, Rs, PENs, and Ws.GRADE APPEALSStudents dissatisfied with a grade received in a courseshould first consult the instructor involved. It is the instructor'ssole judgment that determines the grade recordedin the Office of the Registrar. The instructor's firstjudgment is always taken. Second and later judgmentsresulting from personal appeals and hardship claims arenever honored. Occasional errors do occur, and these arealways corrected promptly when properly certified by theinstructor to the Office of Academic Standards andEvaluation.DEPARTMENTAL GRADE APPEALSWhen a student considers a grade unjust, he/she shouldfirst confer with the instructor. Students are required toinitiate grade appeals before the end of the eighth weekof a semester following the entry of a permanent grade.Second judgments and additional work are not permitted.If a student is not satisfied that justice has been done,he/she may appeal in writing to the department chair. Ifthe chair is the instructor in question, the senior memberof the department Personnel and Budget Committee willact for the chair.The chair will appoint a review committee of at leasttwo department members who, with the chair, will reviewthe appeal. The committee will examine all materialsrelevant to the appeal, submitted by both theinstructor and the student, and will prepare a writtenreport of its findings, either sustaining the original gradeor recommending a change.The chair will notify the student, the instructor, andthe Office of Academic Standards and Evaluation of thecommittee's decision. If the committee recommends agrade change, the chair will forward that recommendation(A-1) with the decision.The decision of the review committee will be bindingon both parties.INDEX COMPUTATION FORMULATo learn to compute the cumulative index, assume thatthe accompanying table represents grades earned andproceed as follows:1. Multiply the total number of credits for each grade bythe quality points assigned to that grade and total theproduct obtained.2. Total the number of credits attempted.3. Divide the results obtained in Item One by the resultobtained in Item Two. This number becomes the LehmanCollege cumulative index. The index must be computedto two decimal places. (See the accompanying table.)LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 51

GRADESYMBOLSQUALITYPOINTSA Excellent 4.0A- 3.7B+ Good 3.3B 3.0B- 2.7C+ Satisfactory 2.3C 2.0C- 1.7D+* Poor 1.3D* 1.0F* Failure 0.0P Pass -NC** No Credit -R** Course must be repeated until -minimum level of proficiency isattainedINC*** Incomplete -FIN An incomplete that has been turned 0.0to an FW Withdrawal without Penalty -WU Unofficial Withdrawal 0WF Withdrawal with Penalty 0AUD Audited CourseYYear Course of Study; grade is indexed,but credit will be withheld ifthe year course is not completedaccording to grade A to DZRegistrar's grade when a grade sheethas not been submitted by the instructor# Repeat for better grade, removedfrom index&Repeat for better grade, remains inindex* Repeat/Repeat of transfer credit/Nocredit when credit earned in XXX999* Students, if they wish, may repeat one time only courses inwhich they have earned D grades. The D grade will stand, andthe new grade will be averaged in the cumulative index, but thecourse will be credited only once. Undergraduate students mayremove up to 16 credits worth of F penalty grades from theirGrade Point Average by repeating the course in which the penaltygrade was received and earning a grade of C- or better aslong as the original penalty grade was earned in Fall 1984 orthereafter and the course was repeated in Fall 1990 or thereafter.The original F penalty grade remains on the transcript. Studentsshould consult with the Office of Academic Standards andEvaluation regarding University guidelines affecting the repetitionof courses in which a penalty grade has been received. Ifstudents repeat courses in which they have received grades, therepeated courses will neither be credited nor counted either inthe students' semester or cumulative indices.** The NC and the R are earned academic grades for courses inwhich the use of NC or R has been approved; the NC or the R isgiven when a student has completed a course, but has not earned aminimum grade of C; NCs and Rs are counted as credits attemptedin determining the rate of satisfactory progress toward the degree. In52 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009order to receive credit for a course in which an NC or an R has beenearned, a student must retake and satisfactorily complete the course.*** An Incomplete grade is turned to an F (FIN) when the work hasnot been satisfactorily completed within the established deadline.GradeQualityPointsCreditsAttemptedQualityPointsA 4.0 x 6 = 24.0A- 3.7 x 4 = 14.8B+ 3.3 x 3 = 9.9B 3.0 x 2 = 6.0B- 2.7 x 5 = 13.5C+ 2.3 x 3 = 6.9C 2.0 x 2 = 4.0C- 1.7 x 4 = 6.8D+ 1.3 x 3 = 3.9D 1.0 x 3 = 3.0F, WF,or WU 0.0 x 6 = 0.041 92.8Number of credits taken = 41Division of 92.8 (sum of quality points) by 41 = 2.26 (index)ATTENDANCEStudents in basic skills courses are required to attendclasses. Students in all other courses are expected to attendclasses regularly, and instructors are required to recordattendance for grading and counseling purposes.Individual instructors, as well as departments or degreeprograms, may establish specific attendance requirements.Instructors have the right to weigh attendance andclass participation in determining grades. It is the student'sresponsibility to ascertain the effect attendancemay have on the grade in a course. Students receivingfinancial aid must be certified or attending classes regularlyfor continuing eligibility.FINAL EXAMINATIONSA written final classroom examination is required in everycourse and must be held at the same time scheduled by theRegistrar's office. A graduating senior may be exemptedfrom a final examination if the policy of the department orprogram is to exempt graduating seniors from final examinations.Exemptions are never automatic.A graduating senior who has failed the final examinationin only one course required for graduation is entitledto a special examination, provided that the student has apassing grade average in the course.A student who misses a final examination for validreasons may, after consultation with his/her instructor,be given a makeup final examination. The instructormust report the student's final grade in the course to theOffice of the Registrar no later than the last day of classesof the following semester. Students taking one or more

makeup final examinations must pay the special examinationfee as scheduled under “Noninstructional Fees" (inthe chapter on “Tuition and Fees” in this Bulletin) andpresent the Bursar's Receipt for the fee to the instructor.INCOMPLETE COURSESThe grade of INC is awarded only when the course requirementhas not been completed for good and sufficientreasons and when there is a reasonable expectationthat the student can successfully complete the requirementsof the course. The INC grade covers any failure tocomplete all requirements for a course, such as submittinga paper or taking a final examination. For an instructorto grant an INC, the student must have met theinstructor's attendance requirements in the course andhave a passing semester average. The student must completethe missing work within the first ten weeks of thefollowing semester. If the instructor is not available, thestudent must consult with the department chair. A gradereplacing the INC may not be entered by the instructor ordepartment chair later than the last day of classes of thefollowing semester. INC grades not completed by thedeadline will become Fs (FINs) (or the equivalent underGrading System I-R, NC).Academic IntegrityWhile honest scholarship is time-consuming and oftenrequires hard work, it is also the primary process bywhich students learn to think for themselves. Facultymembers must teach respect for methods of inquirywithin the various disciplines and make assignments thatwill encourage honest scholarship; students in turn mustuphold a standard of honesty within the College, therebyaffirming the value and integrity of their Lehman degree.The following definitions and procedures govern casesinvolving undergraduate student work.The most common forms of academic dishonesty arecheating and plagiarism. Cheating is the use or attemptto use unauthorized material, information, notes, studyaids, devices, or communication during an academicexercise (for example, using unauthorized books, papers,or notes during an examination; or procuring, distributing,or using unauthorized copies of examinations). Plagiarismmeans the failure to give credit for the source ofanother's words or ideas, including but not limited tobooks, articles, interviews, and multimedia and electronicsites, or—as in the use of borrowed or purchased papers—passingoff another person's work as one's own.(Section 213-b of the New York State Education Lawprohibits the sale of term papers, essays, and researchreports to students enrolled in a college.) Common formsof cheating and plagiarism are highlighted in this Bulletin.Academic dishonesty is a serious violation of the acceptedvalues of the College. When questions of a breachof academic integrity arise, instructors will inform thestudents of their suspicions and provide the student witha Faculty Report Form for Incidents of Suspected AcademicDishonesty. The instructor must remember that astudent's failure to respond to charges of academic dishonestyis not in and of itself an indication of guilt. Thereport will include an explanation of the incident, theinstructor's intended academic sanction, and an indicationwhether or not the instructor is recommending thatthe College undertake disciplinary proceedings pursuantto Article 15 of the Board of Trustees Bylaws.Academic sanctions may include but are not limited tothe following:• a grade of F on the paper or examination; the studentmay be given the option of submitting a similar butadditional project for grading;• a grade of F on the paper or examination, as above,but with no option to submit additional work;• a grade of F for the course.Disciplinary procedures are governed by Article 15 ofthe Board of Trustees Bylaws. In the event the student isfound guilty of academic dishonesty by a Faculty-StudentDisciplinary Committee, penalties that may be imposedinclude but are not limited to: 1) suspension from theCollege or 2) expulsion from the College. Although theOffice of the Vice President for Student Affairs will beguided by the recommendation of the instructor, it reservesthe right to seek disciplinary sanctions under thedisciplinary procedures.Should the instructor become convinced that the suspicionsare unfounded, no further action will be takenand the Faculty Report Form will be destroyed. If thesuspicions are founded and if both the student and theinstructor are willing, they may agree upon a resolution.Subsequently the instructor will present the completedFaculty Report Form, including the charges and resolution,to the department chair who must forward the appropriatecopies of the form to the Office of AcademicStandards and Evaluation, and the Office of the VicePresident for Student Affairs. If no agreement is reached,the instructor must allow a student to complete allcoursework until the following appeal process has beencompleted.• The first step in the appeals process is for the instructorto file the Faculty Report Form with the chair. If the termis completed, the instructor may assign a grade that re-LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 53

flects the intended sanction but must also provide a finalgrade that does not include the intended sanction if thecharges are not upheld.• If the charges are for cheating, then the chair will submitthe charges to the Office of the Vice President forStudent Affairs. If the charges are for plagiarism, the chairwill appoint a committee of three Lehman College facultymembers, which will adjudicate the matter withinthree weeks by majority vote. If the chair is the instructorin question, the senior member of the department Personneland Budget Committee will act for the chair. Thecommittee will provide written notification of its decisionto the chair, who will forward this recommendationand the Faculty Reporting Form to the Office of the VicePresident for Student Affairs.• The Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs willreview the recommendations of the instructor and thecommittee for possible disciplinary sanctions and providea written notification of its decision to the departmentchair, the student, the instructor, and the Office ofAcademic Standards and Evaluation. Either the instructoror the student has the right, within three weeks of receiptof notification, to appeal the department decision in writingto the Committee on Admissions, Evaluation, andAcademic Standards, which will act as adjudicator of lastresort. Should any part of the three-week period fall outsidethe regular semester, the first three weeks of the nextregular semester shall apply.The Office of Academic Standards and Evaluation willkeep all records of such proceedings on file until the student'sgraduation, at which time they will be destroyedAs a result of a second upheld charge of academic dishonesty,disciplinary procedures will be pursued by theOffice of the Vice President for Student Affairs as governedby the procedures under Article 15 of the Board ofTrustees' Bylaws.The following definitions and examples are adaptedfrom the CUNY Policy on Academic Integrity.Cheating is the unauthorized use or attempted use ofmaterial, information, notes, study aids, devices, orcommunication during an academic exercise. Examplesof cheating include, but are not limited to the following:• Copying from another student during an examinationor allowing another student to copy your work.• Unauthorized collaboration on a take-home assignmentor examination.• Using illegal notes during a closed-book examination.• Taking an examination for another student, or asking orallowing another student to take an examination for you.• Changing a graded exam and returning it for morecredit.• Submitting substantial portions of the same paper formore than one course without informing each instructor.• Preparing answers or writing notes in a blue book(exam booklet) before an examination.• Allowing others to research and write assigned papersor do assigned projects, including the use of commercialterm paper services.• Giving assistance to acts of academic misconduct ordishonesty.• Fabricating data (all or in part).• Submitting someone else's work as your own.• Unauthorized use during an examination of any electronicdevices, such as cell phones, palm pilots, computers,or other technologies to send or retrieve information.Plagiarism is the act of presenting another person's ideas,research, or writings as your own. Examples of plagiarisminclude, but are not limited to the following:• Copying another person's actual words without the useof quotation marks and citations.• Presenting another person's ideas or theories in yourown words without acknowledging the source.• Using information that is not common knowledgewithout acknowledging the source.• Failing to acknowledge collaborators on assignments.• Purchasing or downloading term papers online.• Paraphrasing or copying information from the Internetwithout citing the source.• “Cutting and pasting” from various sources withoutproper attribution.Academic StandardsStudents must have the retention indices of 1.5 for thefirst four courses or 12 attempted credits, of 1.75 for thefirst eight courses or 24 attempted credits, and of 2.0 for25 or more attempted credits, and a 2.0 semester indexthereafter.TOTAL CREDITSATTEMPTED0-12 (or first four courses) 1.513-24 (or first eight courses) 1.7525 or more 2.00MINIMUMLEHMAN COLLEGECUMULATIVE INDICES54 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Total number of credits attempted include LehmanCollege Fs, FINs, Js, Ws, WFs, WUs, PENS, ABSs, Ps, NCs,Ys, Rs, or their equivalents, and all transfer credits.A student who does not meet the required minimumsemester or cumulative indices or whose cumulativegrade point index at the College falls below 2.0 is automaticallyplaced on probation. During this probationaryperiod, a student maintains his/her academic standingwith the College. After one semester of probation, a studentwho still does not meet the minimum requirementswill be dropped from the College and is required to remainout at least one semester. Students may appeal tothe Committee on Admission and Standing if they havenot previously done so.PROBATION REQUIREMENTS1. Students on full-time probation are expected to have a2.0 cumulative index at the end of the academic year.2. Students on part-time probation must satisfy the followingacademic requirements:a) each semester of the academic year, achieve a semesterindex of at least 2.3 in a maximum of two courses fromamong the College degree requirements, andb) make satisfactory progress toward a 2.0 cumulative indexin all Lehman College work.GRADUATION REQUIREMENTSTo qualify for graduation with a Lehman College baccalaureatedegree, students must complete the following requirements:1. completion of at least 120 credits, including all degreerequirements;2. completion of at least 30 credits in coursework at Lehman,including at least half the number of credits in thestudent's major and half in the minor or half of thecredits in an interdisciplinary program;3. a minimum Lehman College cumulative index of 2.0;and4. either a minimum grade of C or an overall index of 2.0in all courses taken in the major and minor departmentsor in an interdisciplinary program.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 55

56 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Academic Departmentsand ProgramsLevels and CodesCourse OfferingsListing of Courses

Course Offerings, Levels and CodesALPHA CODE SUBJECT MATTERUndergraduate Lehman College courses are identified bya three-letter abbreviation (Alpha Code) followed by athree-digit number. The letters indicate the subject area ofthe course. For example: HIA 111 is a course in ancienthistory, while ENW 317 is a writing course offered by theDepartment of English. The meanings of the Alpha Codesare listed at the end of this chapter.JOINTLY OFFERED COURSESSome courses are offered by two or more departments orprograms. Before signing up for these courses, studentsshould determine carefully the department or programunder which they wish to register. The course code maynot be changed after the student has registered for thesemester.NUMBER CODE: COURSE LEVEL AND CATEGORYThe three-digit number assigned to each course indicatesthe level and in some instances the type of course. Forexample: BIO 166 is intended for beginning students inbiology, while BIO 490 is an advanced course limited toupper-class majors in biology. The meanings of the numbersare as follows:Course LevelsREMEDIAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL COURSES(001-089)Students are directed to these courses as the result ofskills assessment examinations. Hours and credits are notassigned in the same way as for other courses. RemedialCourses are non-credit courses with precollege content.Developmental Courses have in part college-level and inpart precollege-level (remedial) work. They carry collegecredits only for the portion of the course that is collegelevel.The Remedial and Developmental courses aregraded A, B, C, R, or NC. Students who receive a secondgrade of R in any remedial or developmental course maybe dropped from the College.COMPENSATORY COURSES (090-110)All courses numbered 090-099 and some courses numbered100-110 carry more hours than credits for purposes of skillsdevelopment. These courses are college-level courses offeringcredits equivalent to that of regular college courses withoutextended classroom hours. (Compensatory courses numberedbelow 100 are graded A, B, C, NC, or R. They may berepeated until a grade of C is achieved. They do not countfor distribution credit.)INTRODUCTORY COURSES (100-199)INTERMEDIATE COURSES (200-299)ADVANCED COURSES (300-499)The prerequisite for courses numbered 300-399 is thesatisfactory completion of at least 30 college credits, unlessotherwise specified.The prerequisite for courses numbered 400-499 is thesatisfactory completion of at least 60 college credits, unlessotherwise specified.Note: These course prerequisites are not repeated with everycourse description under “Course Offerings, Levels, andCodes;” however, the student is responsible for knowing aboutthem and meeting them. This responsibility holds for all theinformation on course prerequisites presented in this section.Course CategoriesSKILL AND PERFORMANCE COURSES(100-110, 200-210)Basic skills courses include beginning foreign languagecourses, freshman composition, and basic performancecourses, such as chorus, basic design, and keyboarding. Ingeneral, these courses may not satisfy Distribution requirements.COURSES FOR WHICH THE TOPIC MAY VARY FROMSEMESTER TO SEMESTER (150-165, 250-265, 350-365,450-465)Seminars or courses entitled “Topics in” exemplifycourses of this type. These courses may be re-elected for astated maximum number of credits (usually 6) when thetopic changes.Courses numbered 150-165 are intended for beginningstudents.Courses numbered 350-365 are open only to studentswho have satisfactorily completed at least 45 credits, exceptwith permission of the appropriate department chairor program coordinator.Courses numbered 450-465 are for students majoringin that subject area who have satisfactorily completed atotal of 75 credits toward the degree, including at least 12credits in that discipline or related areas.FIELDWORK, INTERNSHIP, WORK EXPERIENCE(270-280, 370-380, 470-479)Fieldwork places a student in an organized work settingoutside the college classroom. Examples of such worksettings include government agencies, business offices,social agencies, industrial establishments, and educationalor health care institutions. The amount of timespent and the amount of credit earned may vary, but nomore than 30 credits may be earned in courses for whichthe last two digits are 70-80. The number 480 is reservedfor previous life experience in the Adult Degree Program.Courses numbered 370-379 are open only to studentswho have satisfactorily completed at least 45 credits.Courses numbered 470-480 are for majors who havesatisfactorily completed a total of 75 credits toward thedegree, including at least 12 credits in the discipline orrelated areas.58 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

SUBJECT AREAACCOUNTING (see Economics)AFRICAN AND AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIESBlack StudiesSwahiliYorubaAMERICAN STUDIES (Interdisciplinary)ANTHROPOLOGYARTArt HistoryStudio ArtBIOLOGICAL SCIENCESBUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (see Economics)CHEMISTRYCITY AND THE HUMANITIESCLASSICS (See Languages & Literatures)COMPARATIVE LITERATURE (Interdepartmental)COMPUTER SCIENCE (see Mathematics)COOPERATIVE EDUCATION PROGRAMMACAULAY HONORS COLLEGEDANCE (see Journalism, Communication & Theatre)ECONOMICS, ACCOUNTING, & BUSINESSADMINISTRATIONAccountingBusiness AdministrationEconomicsEDUCATIONBilingual/Bicultural EducationChildhood EducationEarly Childhood EducationFamily and Consumer StudiesMiddle and High School EducationSpecial EducationSpecialized Services in EducationENGLISHCreative & Professional WritingEnglish as a Second LanguageLanguage & LiteratureENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (see English)ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOGRAPHIC, & GEOLOGICALSTUDIESGeography-HumanGeography-PhysicalGeologyGlobal StudiesFRESHMAN YEAR INITIATIVEGENERAL EDUCATIONHEALTH SCIENCESDietetics, Foods, & NutritionExercise ScienceHealth Education and PromotionHealth Services AdministrationRecreation EducationRehabilitationHISTORYAsia, Latin America, Russia, and Non-Western CivilizationsAncient Greece, Rome, Near East,and Ancient and Medieval CivilizationsModern EuropeSpecial & Comparative Historical TopicsUnited StatesHUMANITIESINDIVIDUALIZED BACCALAUREATE PROGRAMS(IBAP & ADP)List of Alpha CodesCODEBLSSWAYORAMSANTARHARTBIOCHEHUMCLTCEDCHCACCBBAECOBBEDECECEFCSESCEDSESSENWESLENGGEHGEPGEOGLSFYILEHHSDDFNEXSHEAHSARECREHHIWHIAHIEHISHIUHUMIBASUBJECT AREAITALIAN-AMERICAN STUDIESJOURNALISM, COMMUNICATION & THEATREDanceMass CommunicationMultilingual JournalismTheatreLANGUAGES AND LITERATURESClassical CultureChineseClassicsFrenchGermanGreekHebrewHebrew CultureIrishItalianJapaneseJapanese CultureLatinPortugueseRussianSlavicTheatreSpanishWorld ClassicsYiddishLATIN AMERICAN & PUERTO RICAN STUDIESLatin American & Caribbean StudiesPuerto Rican StudiesLEHMAN SCHOLARS PROGRAMLINGUISTICS (Interdisciplinary)MASS COMMUNICATION (See Journalism, Communication& Theatre)MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCEComputer Graphics and ImagingComputer ApplicationsComputer ScienceMathematicsMULTILINGUAL JOURNALISM (See Journalism, Communication,& Theatre)MUSICMusic HistoryMusic PerformanceMusic TheoryNURSINGPHILOSOPHYPHYSICS & ASTRONOMYAstronomyPhysicsPOLITICAL SCIENCEPSYCHOLOGYSOCIOLOGY & SOCIAL WORKSocial WorkSociologySPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING SCIENCESCommunication ArtsSpeech Pathology and AudiologyTHEATRE (See Journalism, Communication & Theatre)URBAN STUDIES (Interdisciplinary)WOMEN'S STUDIES (Interdisciplinary)WORLD CLASSICS(Interdisciplinary & Interdepartmental)CODEIASDNCCOMMLJTHEACUCHICLAFREGERGRKHEBHCUIRIITAJALJCULATPORRUSSLATHESPAIDWYDHLACPRSLSPLNGCGICISCMPMATMLJMSHMSPMSTNUR/HINPHIASTPHYPOLPSYSWKSOCSPESPVURBWSTIDWLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 59

COURSES THAT INVOLVE A ONE-TO-ONEFACULTY/STUDENT RELATIONSHIP(281-296, 381-396, 481-496)Tutorials:(281-284, 381-384, 481-484)Independent Study:(285-288, 385-388, 485-488)Research:(289-292, 389-392, 489-492)Special Projects:(293-296, 393-396, 493-496)These courses provide an opportunity for independentstudy in every department. Students who wish to undertakeindependent study should consult an adviser fromthe department or interdisciplinary program encompassingthe student's area of interest. Such consultation isessential before registering for one of these courses becauseplans have to be developed by the faculty memberand the student. The first digit indicates the level of experiencethat a student should have before taking thecourse.PREREQUISITESA prerequisite course is one that must be satisfactorilycompleted before a more advanced course is taken. Thefollowing are not satisfactory grades for prerequisitecourses: F, NC, INC, PEN, R, W, WU, WF, AUD. Studentswho receive an INC in a prerequisite must complete itwithin TWO WEEKS of the following semester if theywish to remain in the more advanced course. For example,PSY 166 is the prerequisite for all 200-level psychologycourses.COREQUISITESA corequisite course is one that must be taken in thesame semester as its related course. For example, CHE114 (lecture) and CHE 115 (lab) are corequisite courses.Courses numbered 381-396 are open to students whohave satisfactorily completed at least 60 credits or havepermission of the department chair.Courses numbered 481-496 are for students majoringin that subject area who have satisfactorily completed atotal of 75 credits toward their degree, including at least12 credits in that discipline or related areas.60 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

African and African American StudiesDepartment Chair: James Jervis (Carman Hall, Room 287)Department Faculty: Professors: William Seraile; Associate Professors:James A. Jervis; Assistant Professors: Bertrade B. Ngo-Ngijol Banoum,Anne Rice; Lecturer: Gail Perry-RyderBlack Studies is a body of knowledge that records, describes, andanalyzes the experience of people of African descent in all partsof the world, but especially in the Americas, the Caribbean, andAfrica. Black Studies appraises the past, examines the present,and seeks to shape the future.Career Preparation: The Department's offerings are designed toprepare students for graduate study as well as for careers in business;community development agencies; Federal, State, and Citycivil service; diplomatic service; research; and teaching on theelementary and secondary levels.Programs35-CREDIT MAJOR IN BLACK STUDIES, B.A.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (35)17 In BLS 245 (3), 246 (3), 235 (3), 267 (3), and 470 (5)18 In BLS, SWA, or YOR courses at the 200, 300, or 400 level(at least 9 credits must be at the 300 or 400 level)Note: Students in the Early Childhood and Childhood teachingcertification sequence may substitute the courses in ECCE certification,ECE 480 and 483, which are student teaching and theaccompanying seminar (6 credits) for BLS 470: Fieldwork in theBlack Community.DEPARTMENTAL HONORSStudents who wish to qualify for Departmental honors are requiredto take BLS 481: Honors Project.SATISFACTION OF THE COLLEGE FOREIGN LANGUAGEREQUIREMENTThe College requirement in foreign language may be satisfied byearning 10 credits in either Swahili or Yoruba.TEACHER CERTIFICATIONStudents interested in obtaining New York State teacher certificationshould consult the Office of the Dean of Education (CarmanHall, Room B-33, 718-960-4972).WOMEN'S STUDIES OPTIONSee the description of this program contained later in this Bulletin.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN BLACK STUDIESA Minor in Black Studies consists of 6 credits in BLS, YOR, orSWA courses at the 200 level or above; and 6 credits in BLS,YOR, or SWA courses at the 300 or 400 level.Courses in Black Studies*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.BLS 166: Introduction to Black Studies. 3 hours, 3 credits.A thematic introduction to Black Sudies emphasizing the historicaland cultural achievements of peoples of African descent.BLS 167: Introduction to African Studies. 3 hours, 3 credits.An examination of African history and culture emphasizinggeography, early contacts between Africans and other peoples,slavery, colonialism, nationalism, and selected issues in contemporaryAfrica.BLS 168: Role of Music in African Society. 3 hours, 3 credits.The characteristics and function of music in the traditional Africansociety. The major regions east and central, west and south,will be discussed in depth; their relationships to the oral tradition,traditional instruments, and the role of the African musicianin the traditional society.BLS (PHI) 169: Introduction to African Philosophy. 3 hours,3 credits. Introduction to African philosophy from a multiculturalpoint of view. Emphasis on ancient, traditional, and modernAfrican philosophies.BLS 173: History of African-Americans. 3 hours, 3 credits. Historicalanalysis of the African-American experience in America.The course focuses on slavery and emancipation, Reconstruction,the rise of Jim Crowism, migration, Garveyism, and the CivilRights Movement.BLS 175: African-American Theatre and Dance. 4 hours,3 credits. Survey of African-American trends in acting from colonialfolk expressions to contemporary Black theatre. Lectures andreadings from the works of contemporary Black dramatists. Attendance,when appropriate, at live theatre productions.BLS (LAC) 177: Afro-Caribbean Heritage. 3 hours, 3 credits. Amultidisciplinary study of slavery, African cultural survivals,colonialism, and the rise of nationalism in the Caribbean.BLS 178: Introduction to the Urban Community. 3 hours,3 credits. General survey course on urban communities; theirdevelopment and effect upon the Black resident. Technologicaland social advances responsible for urban blight and concentratedghettos. Social pathology and the life style of the poor.Institutional racism and analysis of social welfare policies forchange.BLS 212: Indigenous African Art. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examinationof African art, including rock paintings, wood figures, stonecarvings of East and central Africa, and the bronzes and masks ofWest Africa, with emphasis on those factors that determine themode of African art, i.e., culture and social milieu, climate, materials,and tradition.BLS 213: African-American Art. 3 hours, 3 credits. Survey ofAfrican-American art from the period of slavery to the present.Examination of the works of prominent African-American artists,such as Henry O. Tanner, Horace Pippen, William Smith, andCharles White.BLS 226: Community Organization. 3 hours, 3 credits. The structureof the inner city as it affects African-Americans. Analysis ofcommunity needs and resources—health, housing, recreation,and neighborhood projects in predominantly Black areas. Studentsmay undertake projects in their areas of concern or in theirown neighborhoods. The major part of this course will be devotedto the organization of community action. PREREQ: EitherBLS 178 or Departmental permission.BLS (WST) 228: The African-American Family. 3 hours, 3 credits.A course examining the African-American family from slaveryto the present. The family organization arising from the socialstructure of slavery. Current characteristics of the African-American family and possible suggestions for the improvementof the social structure of African- American families. PREREQ:Six credits in either BLS or an appropriate field.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 61

BLS (WST) 231: African Family Systems. 3 hours, 3 credits. Aspectsof the family system: the extended family system. The differencebetween the African and Western concepts of marriage.The position of children in the family and family discipline. Theimpact of the West on African family systems.BLS 232: African Civilizations. 3 hours, 3 credits. A comparativestudy of African cultures and societies, focusing on the arts, religiousand philosophical concepts, social organization, systems ofgovernment, and economic and technological developments.BLS 233: Musical Tradition of the African-American. 3 hours,3 credits. Cultural and social aspects of the African-American inrelationship to his or her musical heritage and creative involvementin the world of music.BLS 234: Contemporary Africa in World Politics. 3 hours,3 credits. A study of selected African states as major participantsin contemporary world politics.BLS (LAC) 235: Afro-Caribbean Societies. 3 hours, 3 credits.A comparative study of Afro-Caribbean societies and cultures,with emphasis on the persistence and change of African cultures,social organizations, racial and cultural patterns, religion andfolklore, literary and artistic forms, and economic and politicaldevelopment.BLS 236: African Protest and Social Change. 3 hours, 3 credits.An examination of African forms of protest and the impact ofrevolution on multiracial and multiethnic societies.BLS (THE) 238: African American Theatre. 3 hours, 3 credits.African American performance from the slave narrative andminstrelsy to the adoption of contemporary dramatic forms.BLS (WST) 239: Black Women in American Society. 3 hours,3 credits. Examination of Black women in American society, withemphasis on their special problems and significant contributions.Selected topics include women in traditional African society,Black women in slavery, racism, sexism, and Black women'sorganizations.BLS (WST) 240: Women in African Society. 3 hours, 3 credits.Women in traditional, colonial, and contemporary African societies;emphasis on roles and statuses of women south of the Sahara.BLS (LAC) 241: Afro-Caribbean Literature (in English). 3 hours,3 credits. The study and analysis of the literary works of Afro-Caribbean writers in English- and French-speaking areas. Poetry,the novel, drama, and other literary forms of important authorswill be examined within the context of Afro-Caribbean society andculture. All literature will be read in English.BLS 242: African Literature—Past and Present (in English).3 hours, 3 credits. The study and analysis of African literary worksfrom early times to the present. Oral as well as written literatureand its place in African society. Authors such as Achebe, Babaiola,Soyinka, and Tutuola.BLS 245: Afro-American Heritage. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study ofthe major forces shaping the history and culture of African-Americans.BLS 246: Modern Africa. 3 hours, 3 credits. The process of nationbuilding in contemporary Africa, focusing on emerging statesystems in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. PREREQ:COR 102 or 104.BLS 266: The Social Aspects of Contemporary Black Music.3 hours, 3 credits. The history of the development of contemporaryBlack music from the big-band era of the 1930s to the present.An examination of the uniqueness and individuality ofBlack music, as well as of the social conditions that created itand its impact on American culture.BLS 267: African-American Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Surveyof literary expression of Black Americans. Selected writings ofprominent Black writers. The literary and historical backgroundof the writers will be examined.BLS 268: The Economics of Poverty. 3 hours, 3 credits. A courseoffering an objective evaluation and analysis of the nature of povertyin America as it relates to African-Americans. The many economicas well as social, political, and institutional causes andcharacteristics of poverty are explored. Various aspects of antipovertyprograms are considered. The course also reviews recent theoriesof alleviating poverty in Black urban areas.*BLS 301: Perspectives on Central Africa. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: BLS 166 and 167.*BLS 303: African Economic Development. 3 hours, 3 credits.BLS 304: Societies and Cultures of Africa. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thesocieties and cultures of Africa, including the interrelationship ofsocial institutions and organization. Attention is given to culturalanalysis that differentiates what is regional from what is, ortends to be, universal in Africa. Emphasis is on the integrationand functions of cultural elements in their local milieux.PREREQ: Either BLS 167 or 6 credits from an appropriate field.*BLS 305: African Conceptual Systems. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: BLS 167 and an appropriate 300-level BLS course.*BLS 308: Cultural Interchange between Ancient Egypt andthe Rest of Africa. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: Either BLS 167 or6 credits in an appropriate field.BLS 309: The Theory and Practice of Apartheid. 3 hours, 3 credits.The founding of the Union of South Africa, the repressive lawsagainst nonwhites, the concept of the Bantustan, the developmentof African nationalism, and South Africa in world affairs.BLS 310: Government and Politics of Africa South of the Sahara.3 hours, 3 credits. Patterns of rule in contemporary Africa,including such topics as the colonial legacy, persistence of traditionand change in African politics since independence, and theformulation of African political thought.BLS 312: Black Religious Movements in the United States.3 hours, 3 credits. The creation and development of the Blackchurch as a social institution in the U.S. The influence of thechurch and other Black religious movements on the political,economic, social, and psychological life of the Black community.PREREQ: Six credits from either BLS or an appropriate field.BLS 313: The African-American Economy. 3 hours, 3 credits.Historical and contemporary analysis of the role Blacks haveplayed in U.S. economic development. The economic status ofBlacks in terms of labor unions, job and employment opportunities,purchasing power, investment, and savings.BLS 314: The Black Nationalist Movement. 3 hours, 3 credits.Analysis of the Black nationalist movement in America. Specialattention is given to the twentieth-century dilemma of separationand integration, focusing on both organizations and individuals.BLS 316: Introduction to Community Development and Planning.3 hours, 3 credits. General survey of the city and its problemsas they affect African-Americans. The course deals withworking for change in the city, using problem-defining andproblem-solving techniques. Social psychology of groups, suchas committees, teams, and clubs, and inter- and intra-grouprelations are discussed. PREREQ: BLS 178 and 226.BLS 317: The City and Police Powers. 3 hours, 3 credits. The riseof urban and metropolitan regions. The city as a center of dominance:social problems and social control, with special attentionto those that affect Black communities. Students will examineagencies related to law enforcement with a view to submittingproposals for possible changes. Police power, zoning, and buildingcodes will be examined to determine their effects on Blackcommunities.62 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

BLS 318: Social Pathology and the Black Experience. 3 hours,3 credits. A course employing lecture and analysis of case materials,designed to critically examine root causes of societal deviationstypically identified as social pathology and considered peculiar tothe Black community. PREREQ: BLS 178 or 226 or 228.BLS 320: Methods of Teaching Black Studies in Elementaryand Junior High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. A course designed togive prospective teachers background information on Africanculture, past and present; how to communicate effectively therichness of America's heritage from Africa. Methods of developingpositive awareness of African achievement among African-American students and students of other ethnic backgrounds.The course materials will include bibliographies of educationalmaterials on Africa.BLS 321: Theory and Practice of Social Action. 3 hours,3 credits. Intensive presentation of strategic and ideological aspectsof social action. Emphasis will be on the history, techniques,and applications of a wide range of social-action optionsas they relate to the goals of community change and Black people.PREREQ: BLS 178 and 226.BLS 322: Urbanization and Social Organization in Africa. 3 hours,3 credits. The city in contemporary Africa. The impact of urbanizationon the African family system. The changing rural scene.BLS 324: Perspectives on African-American Education. 3 hours,3 credits. The social, political, and economic policies that haveaffected the education of Black people in the United States. Segregatedvs. integrated education; the development of Black colleges;and the impact of education on the continuing struggle forequality.BLS 326: History of West Africa. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis ofthe states of the medieval western Sudan; the theocratic states;the impact of Europeans, the slave trade, and colonial rule. Anexamination of changes in traditional patterns of governmentand authority resulting from European intrusion. PREREQ: Sixcredits from either BLS or an appropriate field.BLS 328: History of East Africa. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis oftraditional East African medieval kingdoms. European intrusion,the slave trade, and colonial domination. Factors leading toindependence. Comparative case studies of the roles of independentEast and central African nations in the liberation ofsouthern Africa. PREREQ: Six credits from either BLS or an appropriatefield.BLS 331: Racial Conflict and Black Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.The literature of protest, both oral and written; criticism ofAmerican society expressed by Black writers. PREREQ: Satisfactorycompletion of 30 college credits.BLS (COM, MLJ) 332: The African American Media. 3 hours,3 credits. Analysis of the African American media's role in AfricanAmerican history and culture, and its relationship to the mainstreammedia. PREREQ: MLJ 211.BLS 333: Civil Rights and the African-American. 3 hours,3 credits. The struggle for civil rights by African-Americans sinceEmancipation. The problems and prospects for equal opportunityin housing and public accommodation, employment, voterregistration, and justice.BLS (LAC) 334: The Musical Experience of Caribbean Culturesand Societies. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of music and performancein Caribbean cultures with respect to national identity,ethnicity, gender, race, and social class.BLS (LAC) 335: The Afro-Caribbean in World Politics. 3 hours,3 credits. The problems and prospects for the independent Caribbeanstates in contemporary world politics. The course willemphasize such topics as neocolonialism, economic development,regionalism, federation, emigration, nonalignment, andthe present and prospective policy choices for the small Caribbeanstates. PREREQ: BLS 235.BLS (POL) 342: African-Americans in the Political System.3 hours, 3 credits. The role, influence, and impact of African-Americans on the political process in the United States.BLS 343: African American Women Writers. 3 hours, 3 credits.African American women's prose, poetry, fiction, and dramafrom slavery to the present. Topics include gender, identity, race,class, sexuality and embodiment, exploitation, and politicalactivism. PREREQ: One course chosen from BLS 241, BLS 242,BLS 267, or WST (ENG) 234.BLS 345: African American Poetry. 3 hours 3 credits. Developmentof African American poetic tradition. Eighteenth-centurypoetry, the vernacular, major poetic movements such as theHarlem Renaissance and Black Arts, Feminism, and the SpokenWord. PREREQ: BLS 267.BLS 346: African American Autobiography. 3 hours, 3 credits.Survey of major texts in the evolution of African American autobiography.Topics include the genre’s emergence in the slavenarratives; narratives of conversion; issues of gender, identity,and citizenship; problems of mediation and transmission; thetension between individual and collective memory; life story ashistorical document; strategic uses of language. PREREQ: BLS267 or Departmental permission.BLS 348: Post-Imperial Literatures of Africa and the AfricanDiaspora. 3 hours, 3 credits. Post-imperial poetry, prose, fiction,and drama of Africa and the African Diaspora. Key theoreticalconcepts such as orality and literacy, decolonization and nationhood,geography, space and globalization, creolization,hybridity, and metissage, Negritude and the Black Atlantic.PREREQ: BLS 241, or BLS 242, or BLS 267, or Departmentalpermission.BLS 349: The Harlem Renaissance. 3 credits, 3 hours. Examinationof poetry, prose, folklore, history, politics, art, and music ofthe Harlem Renaissance. Topics include white patronage, theWest Indian presence, the Great Migration, the New Negro,modernism and primitivism, the blues and jazz, activism andradicalism, and African Americans in theatre and film. PREREQ:BLS 241 or BLS 242, or BLS 267 or Departmental permission.BLS 351: Topics in African History, Politics, and Society. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 6 credits: may be repeated once with change oftopic). Intensive study of selected aspects of African history, politicsand society. Topics to be announced each semester.BLS 352: Topics in African-American History and Culture.3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits: May be repeated once with changeof topic). Intensive study of selected aspects of African-Americanhistory and culture. Topics to be announced each semester.BLS 353: Topics in Caribbean History, Politics, and Society.3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits: may be repeated once withchange of topic). Intensive study of selected aspects of Caribbeanhistory, politics, and society. Topics to be announced each semester.BLS 381: Individual Tutorial Project in Black Studies. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 6 credits: may be repeated once with change oftopic). Opportunity for students to pursue individual researchand reading on a specific topic, under faculty supervision.PREREQ: Departmental permissionBLS (LAC) 400: Seminar: Slavery in the New World. 3 hours,3 credits. Intensive study of the institution of slavery in the NewWorld. Emphasis will be on specific themes: slave-master relationships,industrial and plantation slavery, the economics andpolitics of slavery, and the impact of slavery on Black culture.PREREQ: For students in the BLS major, BLS 245 and one 300-level BLS course. For other students, 9 credits in their relatedfields, 3 of which must be in a 300-level course.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 63

BLS 450: Seminar in Comparative African Government.3 hours, 3 credits. This course offers a prospectus that may serveas the basis for an intensive comparative study of the politicalsystems of independent and near-independent African nations.Attention is paid to precolonial African political systems and thedevelopment and role of political parties and parliamentarygovernments in these nations. PREREQ: BLS 310.BLS 451: Seminar: Special Topics in African History. 3 hours,3 credits. (Limited enrollment.) Independent reading and research.Microanalysis of selected themes in precolonial sub-Saharanhistory. Special emphasis on the problem of Africanization ofAfrican history. PREREQ: Six credits from either BLS or an appropriatefield.BLS 470: Fieldwork in the Black Community. 10 hours(2, seminar; 8, fieldwork), 5 credits. Supervised community servicerelated directly to the student's major, with special reference toindigenous populations, grassroots organizations, and localagencies/institutions. PREREQ: Departmental permission.BLS 475: Fieldwork in Africa. 3-9 credits. This course providesstudents with the opportunity to receive academic credit forparticipation in and successful completion of an existing summerstudy program in Africa offered by another American universityor for conducting independent research in Africa underthe supervision of an authority in the specific field at a recognizedAfrican university, e.g., the University of Ghana, the Universityof Ibadan (Nigeria), the University of Nairobi (Kenya), orthe University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). The number of creditsto be received upon completion of the course will dependupon the type and quality of study engaged in, i.e., independentresearch or completion of an existing summer study program,and will be determined before the student begins his or herstudy. Students must submit either their completed researchpaper or proof of completion of an existing program by the endof the third week of the fall semester. Students conducting independentresearch are required to submit reference forms from atleast three persons consulted while conducting their research.PREREQ: BLS 167 or YOR 346 or SWA 345, as well as completionof between 60 and 100 credits toward the B.A. and approvalby the faculty adviser of the proposed study program or research.BLS 481: Honors Project. One semester, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Provides students with the opportunity to do supervisedindividual research and directed reading in the student'smajor. PREREQ: Departmental permission.Courses in Swahili Language andLiteratureSWA 101: Elementary Swahili I. 5 hours, 5 credits. Fundamentalsof the phonology and grammar of Swahili. Reading of simpletexts and practice in speaking. Note: SWA 101 may not be creditedwithout SWA 102.SWA 102: Elementary Swahili II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Continuationof the study of Swahili grammar and vocabulary. PREREQ:SWA 101.SWA 201: Intermediate Swahili I. 3 hours, 3 credits. A course inSwahili providing intensive practice in speaking, reading, andwriting. The fundamentals of Swahili grammar are reviewedthrough use of audiolingual techniques. Emphasis on the developmentof fluency in speaking, reading, and writing. PREREQ:SWA 101 and 102 (or equivalent, as evaluated by the programcoordinator).*SWA 202: Intermediate Swahili II. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:SWA 201.*SWA 345: Swahili Literature I. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: SWA202 (or equivalent).*SWA 346: Swahili Literature II. 3 hours, 3 credits.Courses in Yoruba Language andLiterature*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.YOR 101: Elementary Yoruba I. 5 hours, 5 credits. Note: YOR101 may not be credited without YOR 102. Introduction toYoruba grammar. This course deals with grammar, syntax, pronunciation,and spelling. Note: YOR 101 may not be creditedwithout YOR 102.YOR 102: Elementary Yoruba II. 5 hours, 5 credits. PREREQ:YOR 101. This course deals with oral work and elementary readingbased on YOR 101. Sentence construction and introductionto the customs and culture of the language. PREREQ: YOR 101.*YOR 201: Intermediate Yoruba. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:YOR 101 and 102.*YOR 345: Yoruba Oral Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:YOR 201.*YOR 346: Modern Yoruba Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: YOR 345.64 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Black Studies SequencesAfrican Sequence*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.BLS 167: Introduction to African StudiesBLS (PHI) 169: Introduction to African PhilosophyBLS (WST) 231: African Family SystemsBLS 232: African CivilizationsBLS 234: Contemporary Africa in World PoliticsBLS 236: African Protest and Social ChangeBLS (WST) 240: Women in African SocietyBLS 246: Modern Africa*BLS 301: Perspectives on Central Africa*BLS 303: African Economic DevelopmentBLS 304: Societies & Cultures of Africa*BLS 305: African Conceptual Systems*BLS 308: Cultural Interchange between Ancient Egypt & theRest of AfricaBLS 309: The Theory and Practice of ApartheidBLS 310: Government & Politics of Africa South of the SaharaBLS 322: Urbanization and Social Organization in AfricaBLS 326: History of West AfricaBLS 328: History of East AfricaBLS 351: Topics in African History, Politics, and SocietyBLS 450: Seminar in Comparative African GovernmentBLS 451: Seminar: Special Topics in African HistoryBLS 475: Fieldwork in AfricaAfrican-American SequenceBLS 173: History of African-AmericansBLS (WST) 228: The African-American FamilyBLS (WST) 239: Black Women in American SocietyBLS 245: Afro-American HeritageBLS 268: The Economics of PovertyBLS 312: Black Religious Movements in the United StatesBLS 313: The African-American EconomyBLS 314: The Black Nationalist MovementBLS 324: Perspectives on African-American EducationBLS 333: Civil Rights and the African-AmericanBLS (POL) 342: African-Americans in the Political SystemBLS 352: Topics in African-American History and CultureBLS (LAC) 400: Seminar: Slavery in the New WorldAfro-Caribbean SequenceBLS (LAC) 177: Afro-Caribbean HeritageBLS (LAC) 235: Afro-Caribbean SocietiesBLS (LAC) 335: The Afro-Caribbean in World PoliticsBLS 353: Topics in Caribbean History, Politics, and SocietyArts and Languages SequenceBLS 168: Role of Music in African SocietyBLS 175: African-American Theatre and DanceBLS 212: Indigenous African ArtBLS 213: African-American ArtBLS 233: Musical Tradition of the African-AmericanBLS (LAC) 241: Afro-Caribbean Literature (in English)BLS 242: African Literature—Past and Present (in English)BLS 266: The Social Aspects of Contemporary Black MusicBLS 267: African-American LiteratureBLS 331: Racial Conflict and Black LiteratureBLS (LAC) 334: The Musical Experience of Caribbean Culturesand SocietiesCommunity and Urban SequenceBLS 178: Introduction to the Urban CommunityBLS 226: Community OrganizationBLS 316: Introduction to Community Development & PlanningBLS 317: The City and Police PowersBLS 318: Social Pathology and the Black ExperienceBLS 320: Methods of Teaching Black Studies in Elementary andJunior High SchoolBLS 321: Theory and Practice of Social ActionSwahili Language and LiteratureSWA 101: Elementary Swahili ISWA 102: Elementary Swahili IISWA 201: Intermediate Swahili I*SWA 202: Intermediate Swahili II*SWA 345: Swahili Literature I*SWA 346: Swahili Literature IIYoruba Language and LiteratureYOR 101: Elementary Yoruba IYOR 102: Elementary Yoruba II*YOR 201: Intermediate Yoruba*YOR 345: Yoruba Oral Literature*YOR 346: Modern Yoruba LiteratureLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 65

American StudiesCommittee on American Studies: Martin Burke (Carman Hall,Room 202B) and Earl FendelmanAmerican Studies is an interdisciplinary major that investigatesthe content and meaning of American culture. Students selectingthis course of study will acquire a broad picture of Americanexperience from colonial times to the present day, together withthe methodological techniques required for analysis of primarymaterials. Students will study widely in history, literature, the arts,and the social sciences, exploring the theoretical constructs andsubstantive interpretations of the various disciplines that examineAmerican life. They will apply these contributions to specific contentareas of American experience, seeking to develop a systematicmethod to explain and evaluate American culture. In consultationwith a member of the American Studies committee, each studentwill formulate an individual program of study, without referenceto traditional departmental fields. The program thus offers theopportunity to investigate those features of American culture thatmatch student interests. Special courses emphasizing research andcritical thought, such as seminars and tutorials taught by participatingfaculty, will be provided to synthesize the work of eachstudent in the major. Students completing the American StudiesProgram will receive a Bachelor of Arts degree in American Studiesand will be prepared for graduate study.Admission RequirementsStudents selecting the major in American Studies shall have metthe following requirements:1. Completion of courses in the following distribution areas:historical studies, comparative cultures, and social sciences.2. Completion of at least 60 credits at the time formal work inthe program begins. It is anticipated that students will declarethe selection of the American Studies major at the end of thesophomore year. Prior to this point, the Committee on AmericanStudies will be available to advise prospective candidates forthe program.3. A cumulative grade index of not less than 2.5 for the first 60credits.4. Approval of the Committee on American Studies.The Committee on American Studies shall have at its discretionthe option of waiving under unusual circumstances any of theserequirements.ProgramsEach semester the Committee on American Studies will advisestudents in the program of the appropriate courses to be offeredin the ensuing semester by departments participating in theprogram, as well as courses to be offered by the American StudiesProgram. Each student majoring in American Studies mustreceive the Committee's approval before registering for anycourse to be credited toward the major.36-CREDIT MAJOR IN AMERICAN STUDIES, B.A.The required credits are drawn from a combination of AmericanStudies courses and courses offered in related disciplines. WhileAMS 111 and 211 are not technically prerequisites for enteringthe major, it is highly recommended that students take thesecourses before they do so.Credits (36)9 In American Studies, including AMS 360 (may be repeated fora maximum of 6 credits), AMS 361, and either AMS 460 or485,27 In courses in related disciplines, approved by the AmericanStudies Committee, that offer substantial background forAmerican Studies. These courses shall be selected from atleast three different departments, and include 12 credits inone of those departments.HONORS IN AMERICAN STUDIESHonors in American Studies may be conferred upon a studentwho satisfies the College requirements for interdepartmentalhonors at the time of graduation and has completed a seniorthesis (see course description for AMS 485) that is deemed outstandingby the Committee on American Studies.Courses in American Studies*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.AMS 111: American Culture—Value and Traditions. 3 hours,3 credits. Introduction to the values, traditions, and beliefs centralto American culture.*AMS 211: American Studies Methods and Materials. 3 hours,3 credits.AMS 360: Special Topics in American Studies. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Examination of selected content areas ofAmerican culture. Emphasis on integrating material from variousdisciplines into a consistent perspective on American culture byapplying alternative theories of the meaning of the American experience.PREREQ: AMS 211 (or equivalent) and adviser's permission.AMS 361: Contributions to American Studies. 3 hours, 3 credits.Examination of the contribution of various fields of study to theinvestigation of American culture. Topics may include mythsymbolanalysis, structuralism, functionalism, systems models,aesthetic and evolutionary models, and quantitative inferences.PREREQ: AMS 211 (or equivalent) and adviser's permission.*AMS 460: American Studies Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: Either AMS 360 or 361 and adviser's permission.*AMS 485: Independent Study. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Individual research projects on a specific interdisciplinaryproblem in American culture, directed by a faculty memberin the American Studies Program. Normally a research paper isexpected, which may serve as a senior thesis. Outstanding paperswill be considered for honors awards. PREREQ: Either AMS 360or 361 and adviser's and instructor's permission.66 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

AnthropologyChair and Adviser: Eric Delson (Davis Hall, Room 421-A)Department Faculty and Staff: Professors: Bruce Byland, Eric Delson,Anthony L. LaRuffa; Associate Professors: Louis Flam, Maria Lagos;Assistant Professors: Christa Salamandra, Victoria Sanford, VincentH. Stefan; College Laboratory Technician: Salah NoueihedThe discipline of Anthropology utilizes a four-field approach tothe study of humans. Physical anthropology studies humans andtheir primate relatives in terms of evolution, biology, and behavior.Archaeology studies cultural evolution, elucidating pasthuman societies from their beginnings to the development ofcomplex societies. Anthropological linguistics studies languagescrossculturally, including topics such as language structure andsociocultural dimensions of language use. Cultural anthropologyfocuses on human behavior in diverse societies around theworld. Subsumed under cultural anthropology are such fields aseconomic anthropology, political anthropology, medical anthropology,and anthropology and education. The Departmentoffers a major in anthropology; an interdisciplinary major inanthropology (physical), biology, and chemistry; and a 12-creditminor.Programs34-35 CREDIT MAJOR IN ANTHROPOLOGY, B.A.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (34-35)17 Required of all majors:ANT 171: Introduction to Human Evolution (4)ANT 211: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (3)ANT 212: Ancient Peoples and Cultures (3)ANT 269: Introduction to Human Variation (4)ANT 228: Language and Culture (3) orANT 326: Anthropological Linguistics (3)3 One additional course in Cultural Anthropology, Ethnology,or Ethnography3 One additional course in Archaeology9 In other courses in Anthropology selected by the student, inat least one of which the student must elect to complete asignificant writing component (approximately 15 pagesminimum) in consultation with the instructor, and thenconfirm the details with the Department Adviser or Chair.2-3 One advanced seminar/research course numberedabove 449.Courses in Anthropology*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*ANT 142: Images of Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits. An introductionthrough films, lectures, and readings to anthropological perspectiveson human culture. Survey focusing on the universal patternof human culture: modes of adaptation and livelihood, sex roles,religious rituals, and government systems, including peacekeepingand war-making.ANT 171: Introduction to Human Evolution. 5 hours (3, lecture;2, lab), 4 credits. The integrated study of human evolutionaryhistory, including a consideration of evolutionary theory, genetics,modern human variation, adaptation and anatomy, thebehavior and paleontology of our close primate relatives, andthe fossil record of human biological and cultural change.ANT (WST) 206: Women and Men: Anthropological Perspectives.3 hours, 3 credits. The roles of females and males in bothsimple and complex societies. Exploration of some of the factorsinvolved in differential allocation of work, roles, prestige, andpower among females and males. Factors to be examined includeeconomic structure, the distribution of power, the processof socialization, and ecological adaptation.ANT (WST) (LAC) 210: Women in Latin America. 3 hours,3 credits. The impact of social and cultural differences amongwomen on gender relations, women's sexualities and identitiesin Latin America.ANT 211: Cultural Anthropology. 3 hours, 3 credits. An examinationof cultural variations in contemporary and historical societiesworldwide. Discussion of specific cultural components, such astechnology and material products, language, economy, values,ideology, religion, and aesthetics. Consideration of the role ofcultural anthropology in addressing contemporary global issues.ANT 212: Ancient Peoples and Cultures. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theuse of archaeological and early documentary data to study theorigins and development of culture, agriculture, and complexsocieties.ANT 228 (LNG 228): Language and Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits.Cultural meanings of language in use and the interrelationsbetween linguistic behaviors and cultural practices.ANT 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, and (LAC) 238:Selected Studies in Societies and Cultures. 3 hours, 3 credits.Description and analysis of these areas' distinctive ecological,economic, socio-political, and ideological systems.*230: Africa231: Middle East*232: Europe233: India*234: Oceania235: Native North America236: Southeast Asia237: East Asia(LAC) 238: Latin AmericaANT 240: Emergence of Ancient Civilizations. 3 hours, 3 credits.Anthropological perspectives on the rise of early civilizations,states, and urbanism in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Pakistan, China,Mesoamerica, and Peru.ANT 250 (IAS 250): The Italian-American Community. 3 hours,3 credits. The immigration to America from the 1880s to the present,and the emergence of the Italian-American community, withparticular emphasis on the social structure of the community andits changing cultural values. PREREQ: None, if student wishes tocount the course toward the Anthropology major. For credit towarda major in Sociology, the prerequisite is SOC 166.ANT 269: Introduction to Human Variation. 5 hours (3 lecture,2 lab), 4 credits. Considers how and why people differphysically within and between groups, the genetic and functionalbasis for these differences, and their significance foradaptation and survival. Topics range from skin, hair, and eyecolor differences to variations in body size and proportions,serological and biochemical differences, and growth patterndifferences. Theoretical issues discussed include the conceptsof race/clines, microevolution, and the continuing evolution ofthe human species.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 67

ANT 271: Excavation of the Lehman College Site. 5 hours(3 lecture, 2 lab), 4 credits. Introduction to archaeological fieldmethods through the creation and excavation of a site on thecampus of the College. Excavation and recording techniques aswell as data processing and analysis will be discussed in theclassroom, followed by the scientific excavation of a created site.Note: This site will be created by the purposeful burial of artifacts,ecofacts, and features in the form of a small, low mound.ANT 300: Human Variation. 3 hours, 3 credits. The causes andeffects of biological variation on human adaptation and evolution.Emphasis is on the explanation and significance of populationdifferences in modern human beings. PREREQ: ANT 269.ANT 301: Human Origins. 3 hours, 3 credits. The origin andevolutionary history of the human lineage, from primate rootsthrough paleontology of apes and early humans to the biologicaland cultural evolution of modern humans.ANT 302: Primate Behavior and Ecology. 3 hours, 3 credits.Adaptations and interactions of free-ranging primates.ANT 303: Human Osteology. 6 hours (3 lecture, 3 lab),4.5 credits. Detailed study of the human skeleton, with techniquesto determine age, sex, and "race," identify individuals,and recognize markers of trauma and disease. Applications ofhuman osteology in forensic science, skeletal biology, bioarchaeology,and paleoanthropology.ANT 305: Forensic Anthropology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Survey ofthe techniques and methods of biological anthropology as appliedin the identification of human remains in a medico-legalcontext: field recovery of human remains, biological profile ofdeceased, antemortem trauma, cause/manner of death, timesince death, and methods of individualization.ANT 306: Survey of Forensic Science. 3 hours, 3 credits. Surveyof the study and practice of the application of science to theresolution of social and legal issues, including current researchand procedures in criminalistics, jurisprudence, odontology,pathology, physical anthropology, psychiatry, questioneddocuments, toxicology, and computers. Note: Lectures given byLehman faculty and guest lecturers who hold posts in local crime labs,medical offices, and mass-disaster squads.ANT 307: The Anthropology of Growth. 3 hours, 3 credits. Humangrowth and development, with emphasis on those aspectsof the growth process that concern the physical anthropologist:anthropometric techniques, skeletal and dental maturation,secular trends in growth, changing growth rates as a factor inhuman evolution, and human growth in varying physical andcultural environments.ANT 309: Human Genetics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Biological inheritancein human beings. Emphasis on the genetic basis of humanvariation and its significance for evolution, medicine, education,and the law. Topics include twin studies, family pedigrees, mutation,selection, migration, race mixture, and behavioral genetics.ANT 310: Evolution of the Primates. 3 hours, 3 credits. Anatomyof nonhuman primates, especially skulls and teeth; study offossil remains and analysis of their phylogeny and historicalrelationships. Evolutionary methods and philosophies.*ANT 311: The Archaeology of Europe. 3 hours, 3 credits.*ANT 312: African Archaeology. 3 hours, 3 credits.ANT 313: Archaeology of Asia. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction tothe earliest cultures of South Asia (Pakistan and India), SoutheastAsia (Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia), and68 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009East Asia (China, Japan) from the origins of food productionthrough the rise of civilization.ANT 314: Archaeology of the Near East. 3 hours, 3 credits. FromIce Age hunters to Hammurabi of Babylon: the major economic,social, and political changes that transformed societies of huntersand farmers into the world's first complex civilization.*ANT 316: Early Societies and Cultures of North America.3 hours, 3 credits. Native American cultures from all parts of thecontinent north of Mexico from the earliest peopling of the NewWorld to the coming of Europeans. Ecology; the economics ofsubsistence and the politics of interaction; hunting and gatheringand agriculture; warfare and cooperation.ANT (LAC) 317: Early Civilization of South America and theCaribbean. 3 hours, 3 credits. The Incas and their ancestors; theArawaks and the Caribs. A region-by-region treatment of theprehistory of South America and the Caribbean, the course examinesthe diversity of ancient life in this area. Special emphasison the native civilizations of the Andes. Additional materialfrom all other parts of Central America, the Caribbean, andSouth America.ANT (LAC) 318: Early Civilizations of Mexico and CentralAmerica. 3 hours, 3 credits. The Aztec and Mayan civilizations ofMexico and northern Central America from the earliest peoplingof the new world to the civilizations encountered by Cortes andthe Spanish. Topics include the origins of agriculture and settledlife, the earliest civilizations, Olmec art, Mayan astronomy, andAztec sacrifice.*ANT 319: The Archaeology of Southwestern North America.3 hours, 3 credits.*ANT 320: Anthropological Theory and Method I. 3 hours,3 credits.*ANT 321: Anthropological Theory and Method II. 3 hours,3 credits.*ANT 322: Analyzing Anthropological Data Quantitatively.3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: Two 3-credit ANT courses and completionof the College Requirement in Mathematics.ANT 323: Methods and Philosophies in Paleoanthropology.3 hours, 3 credits. Theoretical framework of human evolution, theintegrative nature of evolutionary theory, and the relevance andinterpretation of fossils. Systematic and taxonomic principles in thecontext of fossil human and nonhuman primates. Conflicting strategiesof interpreting fossil remains and evolutionary hypotheses.PREREQ: ANT 301 or 310 or the instructor's permission.ANT 324: Museum Methodology. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab),3 credits. Study of museums and their roles in modern societies,including the representation of our cultures and the cultures ofothers to the public; the preservation and restoration of objects;the organization of museum-based research; and the planning,assembly, installation, and labeling of exhibits. PREREQ: oneANT course or permission of the instructor. Note: Frequent visitsto area museums will be arranged.*ANT 325: Method and Theory in Archaeology. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: ANT 212.ANT (LNG) 326: Anthropological Linguistics. 3 hours, 3 credits.Speech and language within the context of anthropology. Languageas a cultural resource.*ANT 327: Field Techniques in Anthropological Linguistics.3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: ANT 326.ANT 330: Dynamics of Culture Change in a Global Context.3 hours, 3 credits. Major theoretical explanations of culturalchange and continuity in selected historical and contemporarysocieties.

ANT 331: Prehistoric and Contemporary Subsistence Systems.3 hours, 3 credits. Theories concerning the origin and spread ofanimal and plant domestication are surveyed. Emphasis on therole of agricultural ecology and economics in the evolution ofsocial systems, from small-scale village societies practicing longfallowcultivation to states and empires depending on complexirrigation agriculture. Both ethnographic and archaeologicalexamples are drawn upon.ANT 332: Kinship, Marriage, and the Family. 3 hours, 3 credits.Examination of varieties of marriage practices, forms of familyorganization, and kin relationships in cultures around theworld.ANT 334: Mind and Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits. Personality differencesand similarities within and between several cultures asthey are produced by psychological and sociocultural forces.ANT 335: Folklore and Oral Traditions. 3 hours, 3 credits. Contentanalysis of folktales, riddles, proverbs, and origin myths,with special reference to their cross-cultural function and meaningin selected societies, rural and urban.ANT 336: Music and Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction tothe place of music in human life. Anthropological perspectiveson the creation, performance, and role of musical forms in non-Western and Western societies.*ANT 337: Inequality in Cross-Cultural Perspective. 3 hours,3 credits. Comparative analysis of class, race, and/or gender inequalityin a wide variety of social and cultural contexts. PREREQ:ANT 211 or permission of the instructor.ANT 338: Religion: An Anthropological Perspective. 3 hours,3 credits. Patterns of religious belief and behavior, includingconcepts of the supernatural, divination, visions, and sacrifice,and the relationship of these to other aspects of culture.ANT 339: Anthropology of Complex Societies. 3 hours,3 credits. Sociocultural analysis of rural and urban peoples inselected areas of the world. Emphasis on rural-urban relationshipsand the interaction of the local with the national andglobal context.ANT 340: Anthropology and Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introductionto anthropological concepts that have special relevanceto education. Application of these concepts throughanalysis of case studies.ANT 341: Medical Anthropology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Relationshipof culture to disease: cross-cultural attitudes toward illness andthe ailing, curative practices, and problems in the introductionof Western medical practices into peasant communities. Theeffects of culture on the state of health of the population.ANT 342: Anthropology of Cities. 3 hours, 3 credits. Daily life inselected cities of the world from an anthropological perspective.Social and cultural aspects of relevant urban issues: urbangrowth and decline, migration, relations of cooperation andconflict, class and ethnicity, and city pleasures.ANT 343: Economic Anthropology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativestudy of economic systems in tribal and peasant societies.The role of social and cultural factors in production, distribution,consumption, and exchange among hunters and gatherers,herders, and agriculturalists.ANT 344: The Anthropology of Politics and Law. 3 hours,3 credits. Analysis of the development of formal and informalpolitical structures, government, and law in tribal and peasantsocieties. The nature of power, authority, and social control inselected societies.ANT 345: Seminar in Field Methods. 3 hours, 3 credits. (May berepeated for a maximum of 6 credits.) Methods of data collectionand analysis in cultural anthropology. Includes field experience.PREREQ: Instructor's permission.ANT (ARH) 346: North American Indian Art. 3 hours, 3 credits.Ancient and modern Indian art styles of North America, withspecial emphases on the tribal art of select regions of the UnitedStates and Canada, and relationships with adjacent traditions ofpre-Columbian Mexico.ANT (LAC) 347: Race and Ethnicity in Latin America and theCaribbean. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparative study of racial andethnic relations in Latin America.ANT 348: The Ecology and Politics of Hunger. 7 hours(3 lecture, 4 fieldwork in the community), 4 credits. An ecological,politico-economic, sociocultural, and nutritional analysis ofworld hunger, drawing on anthropological and historical evidenceto investigate the diverse causes of hunger, the contexts inwhich hunger arises, and the efforts that have been made overthe centuries to end hunger. PREREQ: ANT 211 or permission ofthe instructor.ANT 356: Advanced Ethnology. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum9 credits). (May be re-elected with a change in culture area.)Intensive examination of cultures belonging to a specific culturearea or culture type. Detailed consideration of both ethnographicdata and ethnological problems pertaining to the area ortype. (For specific area to be discussed, consult the Department.)ANT 360: Humans and the Environment. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Maybe repeated for a maximum of six credits.) Physical and cultural responsesof human groups, both past and present, to varying environmentalconditions. The topic will vary from semester tosemester, concentrating either on physical or cultural approachesto modern human adaptation or on paleoanthropology.ANT 371: Field and Laboratory Research in Archaeology.6 hours (3 lecture, 3 lab), 4 credits. Field and laboratory techniquesof excavation and data processing in the practice of archeology.Note: Archaeological excavation at actual sites in thevicinity of New York City will be undertaken, including instructionin excavation technique, mapping, and record keeping. Labwork will be conducted at the Lehman College ArchaeologyLaboratory, including materials analysis, conservation, and interpretation.ANT 450: Seminar in Selected Problems of Cultural Anthropology.3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Research-orientedcourse on selected problems in the field of cultural anthropology.PREREQ: Permission of the instructor.ANT 451: Seminar in Selected Problems of Archaeology.3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Research-oriented courseon selected problems in the field of archaeology. PREREQ: Permissionof the instructor.ANT 452: Advanced Seminar in Anthropology. 3 hours,3 credits. Selected topics examined from the perspectives of thefour subfields: cultural anthropology, physical anthropology,archaeology, and anthropological linguistics. PREREQ: Permissionof the instructor.ANT 454: Seminar in Selected Problems of Physical Anthropology.3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Research-orientedcourse on selected problems in the field of physical anthropology.PREREQ: Permission of the instructor.ANT 489: Independent Research in Anthropology. 2-3 creditsper semester (maximum 6 credits). Research or fieldwork in anyfield of anthropology, under faculty supervision. PREREQ: Permissionof the instructor.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 69

*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Introductory CoursesFoundation Courses for the MajorANT 171: Introduction to Human EvolutionANT 211: Cultural AnthropologyANT 212: Ancient Peoples and CulturesANT 269: Introduction to Human VariationOther Introductory CoursesANT 142: Images of CultureThe Anthropology Curriculum at a GlanceANT (WST) 206: Women and Men: Anthropological PerspectivesANT (WST) (LAC) 210: Women in Latin AmericaANT/(LNG) 228: Language & CultureEthnography of Selected AreasANT 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, and (LAC) 238:Selected Studies in Societies and Cultures*230: Africa231: Middle East*232: Europe233: India*234: Oceania235: Native North America236: Southeast Asia237: East Asia(LAC) 238: Latin AmericaField I: Physical AnthropologyANT 300: Human VariationANT 301: Human OriginsANT 302: Primate Behavior & EcologyANT 303: Human OsteologyANT 305: Forensic AnthropologyANT 306: Survey of Forensic ScienceANT 307: The Anthropology of GrowthANT 309: Human GeneticsANT 310: Evolution of the PrimatesField II: ArchaeologyANT 240: Emergence of Ancient CivilizationsANT 271: Excavation of the Lehman College Site*ANT 311: The Archaeology of Europe*ANT 312: African ArchaeologyANT 313: Archaeology of AsiaANT 314: Archaeology of the Near East*ANT 316: Early Societies and Cultures of North AmericaANT (LAC) 317: Early Civilization of South America and theCaribbeanANT (LAC) 318: Early Civilizations of Mexico and Central America*ANT 319: The Archaeology of Southwestern North AmericaANT 331: Prehistoric and Contemporary Subsistence SystemsANT 371: Field and Laboratory Research in ArchaeologyField III: Anthropological LinguisticsANT 326 (LNG 274326): Anthropological Linguistics*ANT 327: Field Techniques in Anthropological LinguisticsField IV: Cultural Anthropology and EthnologyANT 250 (IAS 304250): The Italian-American CommunityANT 330: Dynamics of Culture Change in a Global ContextANT 331: Prehistoric and Contemporary Subsistence SystemsANT 332: Kinship, Marriage, and the FamilyANT 334: Mind and CultureANT 335: Folklore and Oral TraditionsANT 336: Music and Culture*ANT 337: Inequality in Cross-Cultural PerspectiveANT 338: Religion: An Anthropological PerspectiveANT 339: Anthropology of Complex SocietiesANT 340: Anthropology and EducationANT 341: Medical AnthropologyANT 342: Anthropology of CitiesANT 343: Economic AnthropologyANT 344: The Anthropology of Politics and LawANT 345: Seminar in Field MethodsANT (ARH) 346: North American Indian ArtANT 347: Race and Ethnicity in Latin AmericaANT 348: The Ecology and Politics of HungerANT 356: Advanced EthnologyAnthropological Methods and Theory*ANT 320: Anthropological Theory and Method I*ANT 321: Anthropological Theory and Method II*ANT 322: Analyzing Anthropological Data QuantitativelyANT 323: Methods and Philosophies in PaleoanthropologyANT 324: Museum Methodology*ANT 325: Method and Theory in ArchaeologyAnthropology Courses & Seminars with Variable TopicsANT 360: Humans and the EnvironmentANT 450: Seminar in Selected Problems of Cultural AnthropologyANT 451: Seminar in Selected Problems of ArchaeologyANT 452: Advanced Seminar in AnthropologyANT 454: Seminar in Selected Problems of Physical AnthropologySupervised Independent StudyANT 489: Independent Research in Anthropology70 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

AnthropologyInterdisciplinary Concentration in Anthropology (Physical), Biology,and Chemistry (B.S. Degree)Program Coordinator: Eric Delson (Davis Hall, Room 421-A)Co-Director: Vincent Stefan (Davis Hall, Room 411)Cooperating Departments: Anthropology, Biological Sciences, Chemistry,Environmental, Geographic, and Geological Sciences, History,Mathematics and Computer Science, Philosophy, Physics and Astronomy,and PsychologyAnthropology (Physical), Biology, and Chemistry is an interdisciplinarymajor leading to the B.S. degree. The program servesseveral purposes: (1) to prepare students for specialization atthe graduate level in one of several fields: human origins, humangenetics, human growth, human adaptation, primatology,forensic anthropology, or criminalistics (forensic anthropologyand criminalistics specializations utilize the facilities and staffof the Metropolitan Forensic Anthropology Team [M.F.A.T.] atLehman College; M.F.A.T. personnel identify human skeletaland dental remains for law enforcement agencies, and studentsin these specializations receive practical experience throughparticipation in M.F.A.T. investigations); (2) to prepare studentsfor secondary-school teaching in the life sciences, with emphasison human origins and biological variation in human groups;and (3) to prepare premedical and predental students.Programs60-CREDIT MAJOR IN ANTHROPOLOGY (PHYSICAL),BIOLOGY, AND CHEMISTRY, B.S.The required credits are divided into tracks:Track I: for specializations in Physical Anthropology (such asHuman Origins, Human Genetics, Human Growth, HumanAdaptation, and Forensic Anthropology);Track II: for specialization in Criminalistics and for premedical,predental, and preveterinary students; preprofessional studentsmay take any three courses from MAT 175-176 (Calculus I andII) and PHY166-167 (General Physics I and II) as elective creditswithin the major. (See elective credits below.) Other studentsmay only receive credit for one course in each sequence.Track III: for specialization in Primate Behavior and Evolution.Students in all tracks are urged to consider ANT 211 (Introductionto Cultural Anthropology, 3 credits, 3 hours) as part oftheir elective credits. Graduating seniors or recent graduates inthis program who have been accepted to medical or dentalschool are eligible to receive the Maizie Hirsch Scholarship of$5,000. Up to two of these scholarships may be awarded annually.For further information, contact the program coordinatoror premed adviser.A. Track I (60 credits)Credits to be taken by all majors in Track I for specialization inPhysical Anthropology:35-39 In required courses as follows: Credits Hours8 In biology:BIO 166: Introduction to OrganismicBiology 4 6BIO 167: Principles of Biology 4 68 In physical anthropology:ANT 171: Introduction to HumanEvolution 4 5ANT 269: Introduction to HumanVariation 4 59 In chemistry:CHE 114: Essentials of GeneralChemistry (Lecture) 3 3CHE 115: Essentials of GeneralChemistry (Laboratory) 1.5 3CHE 120: Essentials of OrganicChemistry (Lecture) 3 3CHE 121: Essentials of OrganicChemistry (Laboratory) 1.5 33-4 In quantitative methods:ANT 322: Analyzing AnthropologicalData Quantitatively 3 3Or MAT 132: Basic Concepts ofProbability and Statistics 4 47-10 In physics:PHY 166:General Physics I 5 6PHY 167:General Physics II 5 6Or in physics and history or philosophyof science:PHY 135: Fundamental Conceptsand Methods of Physics 4 5And one of the following:HIS 301: Introduction to the Historyof Biology 3 3HIA 348: Introduction to theHistory of Science 3 3HIE 301: Introduction to the Historyof Science 3 3PHI 353: Philosophy of Science 3 3Elective credits (21-25) to total at least 60 when added to thenumber of required credits taken. Students interested in ForensicAnthropology should include ANT 303 (Human Osteology,4.5 credits, 6 hours). Any course in the list that follows may betaken for elective credit.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 71

B. Track II (60 credits)Credits to be taken by all majors in Track II for specializationsin Criminalistics or for premedical, predental, or preveterinarystudents majoring in Anthropology (physical), Biology, andChemistry.39-40 In required courses as follows: Credits Hours8 In biology:BIO 166: Introduction to OrganismicBiology 4 6BIO 167: Principles of Biology 4 68 In physical anthropology:ANT 171: Introduction to HumanEvolution 4 5ANT 269: Introduction to HumanVariation 4 520 In chemistry:CHE 166: General Chemistry I 3 3CHE 167: General ChemistryLaboratory I 2 4CHE 168: General Chemistry II 3 3CHE 169: General ChemistryLaboratory II 2 4CHE 232: Organic ChemistryLecture I 3 3CHE 233: Organic ChemistryLaboratory I 2 4CHE 234: Organic ChemistryLecture II 3 3CHE 235: Organic ChemistryLaboratory II 2 43-4 In quantitative methods:ANT 322: Analyzing AnthropologicalData Quantitatively 3 3OrMAT 132: Basic Concepts ofProbability and Statistics 4 4Elective credits (20-21) to total at least 60 when addedto the number of required credits taken. Any course inthe list that follows may be taken for elective credit.Those interested in Criminalistics should take CHE266 (Introduction to Forensic Science) and considerextra Chemistry courses. As noted above, students inthis track only may also include MAT 175-176 (CalculusI and II) and PHY 166-167 (General Physics I andII) as elective credits within the major. Preprofessionalstudents may count any three of these courses, whileother students may only receive credit for one coursein each sequence.C. Track III (60 credits)Credits to be taken by all majors in Track III for specializationin Primate Behavior and Evolution.37-38 In required courses as follows: Credits Hours8 In biology:BIO 166: Introduction to OrganismicBiology 4 6BIO 167: Principles of Biology 4 68 In physical anthropology:ANT 171: Introduction to HumanEvolution 4 5ANT 269: Introduction to HumanVariation 4 53 In primate behavior and evolution:ANT 302: Primate Ecology andEvolution 3 3Or (when offered with a focus onPrimates, see advisor)PSY 318: Comparative Psychologyand Ethology 3 39 In chemistry:CHE 114: Essentials of GeneralChemistry (Lecture) 3 3CHE 115: Essentials of GeneralChemistry (Laboratory) 1.5 3CHE 120: Essentials of OrganicChemistry (Lecture) 3 3CHE 121: Essentials of OrganicChemistry (Laboratory) 1.5 33-4 In quantitative methods:ANT 322: Analyzing AnthropologicalData Quantitatively 3 3OrMAT 132: Basic Concepts of Probabilityand Statistics 4 4OrPSY 226: Statistical Methods inPsychology 4 46 In psychology:PSY 166: General Psychology 3 3PSY 248: Introduction to PrimateBehavior Studies 3 3Elective credits (22-23) to total at least 60 when addedto the number of required credits taken. Any course inthe list that follows may be taken for elective credit (seeespecially courses in Psychology.)72 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Interdisciplinary Concentration in Anthropology:Courses Acceptable for Elective CreditANT 206: Women and Men in Anthropological Perspective(3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 211: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (3 credits,3 hours)ANT 212: Ancient Peoples and Cultures (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 271: Excavation of the Lehman College Site(4 credits, 5 hours)ANT 300: Human Variation (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 301: Human Origins (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 302: Primate Behavior and Ecology (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 303: Human Osteology (4.5 credits, 6 hours)ANT 305: Forensic Anthropology (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 306: Survey of Forensic Sciences (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 307: Anthropology of Growth (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 309: Human Genetics (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 310: Evolution of the Primates (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 323: Methods and Philosophies in Paleoanthropology(3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 332: Kinship, Marriage, & the Family (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 334: Mind and Culture (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 341: Medical Anthropology (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 360: Humans and the Environment (3 credits, 3 hours)ANT 371: Field and Laboratory Methods in Archaeology(4 credits, 6 hours)ANT 489: Independent Research in Anthropology (if relevanttopic; up to 6 credits)BIO 181: Anatomy and Physiology I (4 credits, 5 hours)BIO 182: Anatomy and Physiology II (4 credits, 5 hours)BIO 183: Human Biology (4 credits, 5 hours)BIO 184: Plants and People (4 credits, 5 hours)BIO 226: Human Physiology (3.5 credits, 5 hours)BIO 227: Mammalian Histology (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 228: Mammalian Physiology (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 230: Microbiology (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 238: Genetics (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 241: Evolution, Species, and Biogeography (3 credits,3 hours)BIO 267: Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates (4 credits,6 hours)BIO 268: Vertebrate Embryology (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 302: Biogeography (4 credits, 4 hours)BIO 331: Experimental Microbiology (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 333: Endocrine Physiology (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 339: Ecology (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 400: Biological Chemistry (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 401: Biological Systematics (4 credits, 6 hours)BIO 432: Biological Fine Structure (3 credits, 3 hours)BIO 433: Techniques in Electron Microscopy (3 credits, 6 hours)BIO 434: Radiation Biology (4 credits, 6 hours)CHE 232: Organic Chemistry Lecture I (3 credits, 3 hours)CHE 233: Organic Chemistry Lab 1 (2 credits, 4 hours)CHE 234: Organic Chemistry Lecture 11 (3 credits, 3 hours)CHE 235: Organic Chemistry Lab 11 (2 credits, 4 hours)CHE 244-245: Biochemistry (4.5 credits, 6 hours)CHE 249: Quantitative Analysis (5 credits, 8 hours)CHE 332: Physical Chemistry 1 (3 credits, 3 hours)CHE 334: Physical Chemistry 11 (3 credits, 3 hours)CHE 335: Physical Chemistry Lab (3 credits, 6 hours)CHE 444: Biochemistry 1 (3 credits, 4 hours)CHE 446: Biochemistry 11 (3 credits, 3 hours)GEH 320: Population Geography (3 credits, 3 hours)GEH 335: Problems in Human Ecology (3 credits, 3 hours)GEO 167: Evolution of the Earth (4 credits, 5 hours)GEO 242: Introductory Paleontology (4 credits, 5 hours)GEO 303: Stratigraphy and Sedimentology (4 credits, 6 hours)GEO 342: Micropaleontology (4 credits, 5 hours)PSY 217: Child Psychology (3 credits, 3 hours)PSY 305: Experimental Psychology I (4 credits, 6 hours)PSY 306: Experimental Psychology II (4 credits, 6 hours)PSY 310: Psychology of Learning (3 credits, 3 hours)PSY 316: Physiological Psychology (3 credits, 3 hours)PSY 318: Comparative Psychology and Ethology (3 credits,3 hours)LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 73

ArtChair and Adviser: Charles J. Seplowin (Fine Arts, Room 014)Department Faculty and Staff: Professors: George Corbin, Sara Webster;David Gillison; Associate Professors: Herbert Broderick, CharlesSeplowin, Michael Ferraro, Terry Towery; Assistant Professors: FlaviaBacarella, Melissa Brown; Lecturer: Janet Skolnik; College LaboratoryTechnician: John BelardoThe Department of Art conducts courses in both Studio Art(code ART) and Art History (code ARH). The Department offersa Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Art degree and a Bachelor of Fine Arts(B.F.A.) in Art degree. Students in the B.A. program may majorin either Studio Art or Art History. The Department participatesin several of the College's interdisciplinary programs and alsooffers an interdisciplinary B.S. in Computer Graphics and Imaging(C.G.I.) with the Department of Mathematics and ComputerScience. Note: All C.G.I. courses are offered jointly by the two departments,Art and Mathematics and Computer Science (ART/CGI).Career Opportunities: The majors in studio art and art history helpstudents prepare for exciting futures in any number of art relatedcareers—digital imaging, arts management (galleries and museums),teaching, art law, museum education, and photojournalism,to name only a few. Studio Art and Art History majors areencouraged to explore these areas through internships offered bythe College. See, for example, HUM 470 (Humanities Internship,5 credits) later on in this Bulletin.Programs58-TO-60-CREDIT MAJOR IN ART, B.F.A.The B.F.A. program is open to students who indicate real promisefor doing creative work and wish to pursue a more intensiveprogram in studio art. Candidates for the B.F.A. program shouldfile an application with the Art Department before the secondsemester of their junior year. The application, which includes anessay, faculty recommendations, a listing of ART and ARHcourses taken (with grades), and examples of the candidate'swork, must be reviewed and approved by a faculty committeebefore acceptance into the program.Credits (58)9-10 Foundation requirement, consisting of: ART 100 (2) andARH 167 (3); 2 courses selected from ART 103, 105, 106,107, 108, or 112.9 General Art History requirement, consisting of three ArtHistory courses, at least one of which must be at the100 level. ARH 167 cannot be counted toward this requirement.18 General studio work to be selected from 100-, 200-, or300-level ART courses.14-15 Art specialization, a sequence of 200-, 300-, and 400-level courses (ART 486 may be counted in this category)in one of the following disciplines: ceramics, computerimaging, painting, photography, printmaking, or sculpture.Students should consult the Department for specificcourses that constitute a sequence.8 ART 494 (4) and ART 496 (4)38-TO-41-CREDIT MAJOR IN ART, B.A., WITHA SPECIALIZATION IN STUDIO ARTThe required credits are distributed as follows:Credits (38 - 41)5 ART 100 (2) and ARH 167 (3)4-5 Two courses selected from ART 103, 105, 106, 107, 108,or 112 (3)6 General Art History requirement, selected from 300-levelARH courses, or one ARH 300-level course and onecourse selected from ARH 135, 137, 139, 141, or 14315-16 General studio work selected from 100-, 200-, or 300-levelART courses; ART 486 may be counted in this category.8-9 Art specialization, a sequence of 200- and 300-levelcourses in one of the following disciplines: ceramics,computer imaging (Note: computer courses are three credits),painting, photography, printmaking, and sculpture.52-TO-54-CREDIT MAJOR IN COMPUTER GRAPHICSAND IMAGING, B.S.The required credits are distributed as follows:In ART/Computer Graphics and Imaging (21 credits; may betaken as CGI or ART)ART/CGI 221: Applied Imaging and Applications to the World Wide WebI. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 creditsART/CGI 222: Applied Imaging and Applications to the World Wide WebII. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 creditsART/CGI 321: Computer Modeling and Design I. 4 hours(2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 creditsART/CGI 322: Computer Modeling and Design II. 4 hours(2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 creditsART/CGI 421: Computer Animation I. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab),3 creditsART/CGI 422: Computer Animation II. 4 hours (2 lecture,2 lab), 3 creditsART/CGI 480: Senior Project. 3 hours, 3 creditsIn Computer Science (11 credits)CMP 230: Programming Methods I. 4 hours, 4 creditsCMP 326: Programming Methods II. 4 hours, 4 creditsCMP 342: Internet Programming. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab),3 creditsIn Mathematics (5 credits)MAT 155: Calculus Laboratory. 2 hours, 1 creditMAT 175: Calculus I. 4 hours, 4 creditsIn Art (13 credits)ART 100: Basic Drawing. 4 hours, 2 creditsART 106: Introduction to Sculpture. 4 hours, 2 creditsART 108: Introduction to Photography. 4 hours, 2 creditsART 201: Life Drawing. 4 hours, 2 creditsART 202: Design. 4 hours, 2 creditsARH 167: Tradition and Innovation in the Art of the West.3 hours, 3 creditsOrARH 141: Introduction to the History of Modern Art of the Nineteenthand Twentieth Centuries in Europe and the United States. 3 hours, 3creditsElective (2-4 credits)One additional course from CMP, MAT, ARH, ART, or CGI/ARTcourses with permission from an advisor (2-4 credits).No minor is required.74 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

30-CREDIT MAJOR IN ART, B.A, WITH A SPECIALIZATION INART HISTORYThe required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (30)6 Foundation requirement selected from ARH 135, 137, 139,141, and 16712 General requirement selected from ARH 100- and 300-level courses and related areas, in consultation with ARHadvisers: a minimum of 6 credits must be taken in relatedareas ("related areas" are determined in consultation withthe advisor and are generally, but not exclusively, coursesother than Art History).9 300-Level Art History requirement. Selected from 300-levelARH courses.3 Advanced Work ARH 451 (Seminar or ARH 489: Researchin Art History)PREPARATION FOR TEACHINGThis major has been approved for students with an Educationminor seeking to apply for certification as either an E.C.C.E.(Early Childhood and Childhood Education) teacher or a secondaryschool Teacher of Social Studies (T.S.S.).To apply for certification as an E.C.C.E. (Early Childhood andChildhood Education) teacher, all students must:• In the Foundation Requirement: Choose two from the followingthree courses: ARH 137, ARH 141, and ARH 167.To apply for certification as a secondary school Teacher of SocialStudies (T.S.S.), all students must complete:• In the Foundation Requirement: ARH 137 and ARH 167.• In the General Requirement: ARH 312 or ARH 314.• In the 300-level Requirement: three 300-level courses, two inNon-Western Art.Students must make sure that the three courses chosen areamong those in this Bulletin for the T.S.S. requirement under theDepartment of Middle and High School Education.• In Advanced Work: ARH 451 or ARH 489.MINORConsult the Department.Courses in Studio Art*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.ART 100: Basic Drawing. 4 hours, 2 credits. The study of materialsfor drawing and their practical application in the representationof objects through form, line, value, texture, and perspective.ART 101: Introduction to Two-Dimensional Design. 4 hours,2 credits. (For students with little or no experience in design forthe visual arts.) Exploration of the organization of form on twodimensionalsurfaces; the history of type and the practice oflettering: the integration of imagery and type; traditional techniquesof illustration using pen and pencil as well as collage andassemblage. Introduction to the history of the social and aestheticimpact of graphic design.ART 102: Introduction to Three-Dimensional Design. 4 hours,2 credits. Issues in basic three-dimensional design; exercises inmodeling and construction using material such as paper, clay,wood, and metal; organization of structure through exercises inmotion and time.ART 103: Introduction to Printmaking. 4 hours, 2 credits. Basictechniques of printmaking: primarily, etching, woodcut, lithography,and silkscreen.ART 105: Introduction to Painting. 4 hours, 2 credits. Basictechniques of painting: primarily, oils and acrylics.ART 106: Introduction to Sculpture. 4 hours, 2 credits. Basictechniques of sculpture: primarily, modeling, carving, and constructionin a variety of materials, including clay, plaster, wood,and metals.ART 107: Ceramics I. 4 hours, 2 credits. Basic hand buildingtechniques, including slabs, coils, press, and drape mold techniques.Introduction to clay and clay bodies, basic glazes, andoxidation firing.ART 108: Introduction to Photography. 4 hours, 2 credits. Basictechniques of photography: use of camera, exposure, composition,color sensitivity, and use of filters.ART 112: Introduction to Digital Imaging. 4 hours (2 lecture,2 lab), 3 credits. (Students need no previous computer experience.)Introduction to the creation of art and imagery using computersand digital media. Production of a portfolio of images for presentation.COREQ: ART 108.ART 200: Drawing. 4 hours, 2 credits. Intermediate drawing exercisesin a variety of drawing media. PREREQ: ART 100.ART 201: Life Drawing. 4 hours, 2 credits. Drawing from thehuman figure. PREREQ: ART 100.ART 202: Design. 4 hours, 2 credits. Creative approaches to thefundamentals of two- and three-dimensional design. PREREQ:ART 101 or ART 102.ART 203: Printmaking Workshop. 4 hours, 2 credits. Intermediatework in printmaking. PREREQ: ART 100 and 103.ART 204: Watercolor. 4 hours, 2 credits. Basic principles of watercolorpainting. PREREQ: ART 100.ART 205: Painting. 4 hours, 2 credits. Intermediate work in painting:primarily, oils and acrylics. PREREQ: ART 100 and 105.ART 206: Sculpture. 4 hours, 2 credits. Intermediate work insculpture, with emphasis on three-dimensional design and form.PREREQ: ART 100 and 106.ART 207: Ceramics II. 4 hours, 2 credits. Basic wheel-throwingtechniques for creating cylinders, bowls, mugs, and plates. Designsand decorations with stoneware and porcelain. PREREQ:ART 107.ART 208: Photography. 4 hours, 2 credits. Basic techniques ofphotography, with emphasis on the creative approach. Use ofthe camera; lighting; developing; printing; and enlarging. PRE-REQ: ART 108.ART 209: Relativity of Color. 2 hours, 2 credits. Fundamentals ofthe relativity of color as it applies to visual art. Recommendedfor art majors. PREREQ: ART 100 and 105.ART 212: Two-Dimensional Design for Digital Media. 4 hours(2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits. Digital tools for the design and productionof two-dimensional graphics and type for the printedpage and electronic media. Emphasis on the principles of typography.Overview of the history of graphic design and reproduction.PREREQ: ART 102 and ART 112.ART (CGI) 221: Applied Imaging and Applications to theWorld Wide Web I. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits. Conceptsand techniques underlying the World Wide Web. Image processingand two-dimensional graphics as methods to produce materialfor the World Wide Web. Emphasis on the artistic,mathematical, and computer science underpinnings of thesetopics. PREREQ: An introductory hands-on microcomputercourse. COREQ: ART 108.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 75

ART (CGI) 222: Applied Imaging and Applications to theWorld Wide Web II. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits. Advancedmethods of two dimensional graphics, image processing, andWorld Wide Web design leading to team projects in the fields ofscience and art. PREREQ: ART(CGI) 221.*ART 226: Mechanical Drawing. 4 hours, 2 credits. PREREQ:ART 100.ART 300: Advanced Drawing. 4 hours, 2 credits (maximum6 credits). Continuation of ART 200. PREREQ: ART 200.ART 301: Advanced Life Drawing. 4 hours, 2 credits (maximum6 credits). Continuation of ART 201. PREREQ: ART 201.ART 302: Advanced Design. 4 hours, 2 credits. Problems in the theoryof design. Design factors in contemporary fine art emphasizedand approached through exploration. PREREQ: ART 202.ART 303: Advanced Printmaking Workshop. 4 hours, 2 credits(maximum 8 credits). Continuation of ART 203. PREREQ: ART 203.ART 304: Advanced Watercolor. 4 hours, 2 credits (maximum6 credits). Continuation of ART 204. PREREQ: ART 204.ART 305: Advanced Painting. 4 hours, 2 credits (maximum8 credits). Continuation of ART 205. PREREQ: ART 205.ART 306: Advanced Sculpture. 4 hours, 2 credits (maximum8 credits). Continuation of ART 206. PREREQ: ART 206.ART 307: Ceramics III. 4 hours, 2 credits (maximum 8 credits).Advanced wheel-throwing techniques for creating teapots andcasseroles; series and production techniques. Experimentingwith a variety of clays and glazes. PREREQ: ART 207.ART 308: Advanced Black-and-White Photography. 4 hours,2 credits (maximum 8 credits). Continuation of ART 208.PREREQ: ART 208.ART 312: Advanced Two-Dimensional Design for Digital Media.4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).Emphasis on two-dimensional design projects for production.Completion of a professional portfolio of projects suitable forpresentation. PREREQ: ART 212.ART 317: Advanced Ceramic Techniques. 4 hours, 2 credits.Experimentation with body stains, Mishima, Terra Sigilatta,underglazes, lustres, glazes, and China paints. Various firingtechniques and temperatures will be used. PREREQ: ART 107.ART 318: Basic Color Photography. 4 hours, 2 credits (maximum6 credits). Direct positive printing using the Cibachrome andEktaflex processes. Commencing with a review of the positiveprocess, the course covers subjects such as color correctionthrough filtration and use of the densitrometer. PREREQ: ART108 and 208.ART (CGI) 321: Computer Modeling and Design I. 4 hours(2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits. An introduction to the theory andpractice of two- and three-dimensional modeling and rendering.Mathematical and design concepts will be explored in the lectureroom, on the computer, and in the studio. Topics include primitiveobjects, transformations, curve creation and manipulation,symmetries, surface creation and modification, basic rendering.PREREQ: ART(CGI) 221 or MAT 172, together with any handsonmicrocomputer course.ART (CGI) 322: Computer Modeling and Design II. 4 hours(2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits. Advanced surface modeling with considerationof continuity of surfaces and their tangents and curvature.Evaluation techniques, construction planes, modelingworkflow. Creation of computer models from two-dimensionalviews and three-dimensional models. Projects from industrialdesign and scientific visualization. World Wide Web applications.PREREQ: ART(CGI) 321.ART (CGI) 325: Digital Multimedia. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab),3 credits. Web- and disk-based multimedia projects in the digitalrealm, including digital audio, digital video, and interactivity.PREREQ: (ART) CGI 221 or (ART) CGI 321.ART 327: Ceramic Sculpture. 4 hours, 2 credits. Figurative, architectural,and conceptual exploration in clay. Historical and contemporaryreferences used in conjunction with today's technology.PREREQ: ART 107 and ART 207.ART 328: Studio Photography. 4 hours, 2 credits (maximum6 credits). Training in techniques of large-format camera handling;processing and printing of 4x5 and 8x10 cut film. Studentswill also receive instruction in the use of studio flash.Subject matter will be restricted to portraiture and still life.PREREQ: ART 108, 208, 308, and 318.ART 350: Variable Topics in Studio Art. 4 hours, 2 credits (maximum6 credits). A variable topics course to be presented inspecific areas not currently covered by existing course offerings.Possible topics might include botanical illustration; animalsculpture; architectural rendering, etc. PREREQ: Any 200-levelcourse in a related skills area (e.g., painting, sculpture, computerimaging).ART 358: Field Methods in Photography: Variable Topics.4 hours, 2 credits (maximum 6 credits). Training in the varioustechniques of field photography, such as photo journalism,nature and scientific, or sports photography. The course willinclude instruction in three major areas: 1) The use of variouscamera formats and lens types. 2) Electronic flash in the field,laboratory, and studio. 3) Preparation of editorial material.PREREQ: ART 108, 208, 308, and 318.ART (CGI) 421: Computer Animation I. 4 hours (2 lecture,2 lab), 3 credits. Introduction to computer animation. Frames,key frames, hierarchical animation, morphing, expressions,character animation with skeletons. PREREQ: ART (CGI) 321and MAT 175.ART (CGI) 422: Computer Animation II. 4 hours (2 lecture,2 lab), 3 credits. Advanced animation. Inverse kinematics, constraintsand particle systems, manipulation of graphs to controlanimation. Applications to scientific visualization, film, multimedia,and TV. PREREQ: ART (CGI) 421.ART (CGI) 451: Topics in Computer Imaging. 4 hours (2 lecture,2 lab), 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). For specific topics andsections, consult the Department.ART (CGI) 480: Senior Project. 3 hours, 3 credits. Advancedprojects in the field of computer imaging under faculty guidance.PREREQ: Departmental permission.ART (CGI) 481: Independent Study in Computer Imaging.3 hours, 3 credits. Independent study on a specific topic underfaculty supervision. PREREQ: Departmental permission.ART 486: Independent Study. 3 credits (maximum 9 credits).Limit one course (3 credits) per semester. Special projects in art thatrequire working outside the framework of existing classes. To bedone under supervision of a faculty member. Students must fileapplications with the Art Office the semester preceding registration.PREREQ: Declared Art major.ART 487: Internship in Art. One semester, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). On-the-job training in a public or private arts institution.PREREQ: Prior approval of the undergraduate studio advisor; declaredArt major with a minimum of twenty-four credits in the major(B.A.) or thirty-six credits in the major (B.F.A).76 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

ART 494: Professional Experience in Fine and Applied Arts I.8 hours, 4 credits. Special projects in or related to the student'smajor specialization. PREREQ: Acceptance into the B.F.A. programand 9 credits in major area of specialization. Note: ART 494is not credited toward the B.A. program.ART 496: Professional Experience in Fine and Applied Arts II.8 hours, 4 credits. Continuation of ART 494. PREREQ: ART 494.Note: ART 496 is not credited toward the B.A. program.Courses in Art History*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.ARH 135: Introduction to the History of Asian Art—Islamic,Buddhist, and Hindu Cultures. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of theprinciples of art applied to visual forms, with emphasis on Asianart—the Islamic, Buddhist, and Hindu cultures.ARH 137: Introduction to the History of Non-Western Art.3 hours, 3 credits. A study of the principles of art applied to visualforms, with emphasis on the arts of Africa, the Americas, and theSouth Pacific.*ARH 139: Introduction to the History of European Art fromAntiquity through the Eighteenth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits.A study of the principles of art applied to visual forms, withemphasis on European art from antiquity through the eighteenthcentury.ARH 141: Introduction to the History of Modern Art of theNineteenth and Twentieth Centuries in Europe and the UnitedStates. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of the principles of art applied tovisual forms, with emphasis on modern art of the nineteenth andtwentieth centuries in Europe and the United States.ARH (LAC) 143: Introduction to the History of Latin AmericanArt. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of the principles of art appliedto visual forms, with emphasis on modern art of the nineteenthand twentieth centuries in Central America, South America, andthe Caribbean.ARH 167: Tradition and Innovation in the Art of the West.3 hours, 3 credits. Major masterpieces in Western painting, sculpture,and architecture from antiquity to the present. Considerationof the individual artist's awareness of previous art traditionsand their impact on the artist's personal style and artistic development.Note: All 300-level ARH courses carry the following PREREQ: one100-level ARH course.ARH 312: Art in the United States from Colonial Times to theCivil War. 3 hours, 3 credits. Architecture, sculpture, painting, thedecorative and folk arts in the United States from Colonial timesthrough the Revolutionary period to the Civil War.ARH 314: Art in the United States from the Civil War to thePresent. 3 hours, 3 credits. Architecture, sculpture, painting, thedecorative arts, and photography in the United States and theacceptance of modernism, first in architecture and photography,and then in painting and sculpture after World War II.ARH 320: Art and Revolution in the West; Neo-classicism,Romanticism, and Realism. 3 hours, 3 credits. Art in Europe andthe United States from 1770-1863, encompassing the artisticmovements: Neo-Classicism, Romanticism, and Realism. Emphasison the French artists of the period: David, Ingres, Delacroix,and Courbet.ARH 325: Art as a Human Value. 2 hours, 2 credits. A study ofaesthetics and the significance of art.ARH 326: Contemporary Art. 3 hours, 3 credits. Discussion,analysis, and criticism of current painting and sculpture.ARH 327: Modern Painting. 3 hours, 3 credits. A history of twentieth-centuryEuropean and American painting, from fauvismthrough abstract expressionism.ARH 328: Modern Sculpture. 3 hours, 3 credits. The developmentof sculpture in Europe and America in the twentieth century.*ARH 329: Modern Architecture. 3 hours, 3 credits.ARH 330: Greek and Roman Art. 3 hours, 3 credits. The formationof the classical style in art and architecture.ARH 331: Art of Medieval Europe. 3 hours, 3 credits. Architecture,sculpture, and painting (including manuscripts and stainedglass) from the early Christian period through the Gothic.ARH 332: Art of the Early Renaissance. 3 hours, 3 credits. Architecture,sculpture, and painting of the fourteenth and fifteenthcenturies. Emphasis will be on Italian painting from Giottothrough Botticelli and on northern painting from the Gothicilluminators through Hugo van der Goes.ARH 333: Art of the High Renaissance and the Later SixteenthCentury. 3 hours, 3 credits. Architecture, sculpture, and paintingof the sixteenth century. Emphasis on the Italian masters of theperiod: Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bramante, and Titian.ARH 334: Baroque Art. 3 hours, 3 credits. Architecture, sculpture,and painting of the seventeenth century. Emphasis will be onthe development of the baroque style in Rome, the rise of theDutch school, and the classical tradition in France.ARH 335: Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. 3 hours,3 credits. The nineteenth-century French background of Impressionismfrom David through Courbet: the art of Manet, the Impressionists,and the Post-Impressionists through Cezanne.ARH 336: Egyptian and Near Eastern Art. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thedevelopment of art in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Iran.*ARH 337: The Splendor of Persia. 3 hours, 3 credits.*ARH 338: Islamic Art. 3 hours, 3 credits.ARH 340: Art of China. 3 hours, 3 credits. Chinese art from theNeolithic period to the Ch'ing Dynasty, with emphasis on paintingof the Sung and later periods.ARH 341: Art of Japan. 3 hours, 3 credits. The history of Buddhistart in Japan and its relationship with the arts of China. Thedevelopment of indigenous art forms, such as narrative scrolls,decorative screens, and woodblock prints.ARH 342: Art of India and Southeast Asia. 3 hours, 3 credits.Problems in the history of style and iconography in Buddhistand Hindu art.ARH (LAC) 343: Pre-Columbian Art. 3 hours, 3 credits. The artand architecture of Mexico, Central America, and South Americaprior to the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century.ARH 344: Art of Africa. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of form andcontent in the major tribal arts of West, Central, and East Africa.Also, discussion of Afro-American art and the impact of Africanart on modern art.ARH 345: Art of the South Pacific. 3 hours, 3 credits. The art of Australia,Melanesia, Indonesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Migrationsand the diffusion of Southeast Asian art in the Pacific.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 77

ARH (ANT) 346: North American Indian Art. 3 hours, 3 credits.The Indian art styles of North America, with special emphasis onthe tribal art of the U.S. Northwest Coast and the Southwest.Also, relationships with adjacent traditions, such as that of theEskimo in the north and of pre-Columbian Mexico in the south.ARH 347: Non-Western Impact on Western Art. 3 hours,3 credits. Studies in the influence of Oriental and primitive artson the arts of Western Europe and on modern art.ARH 348: The History of Photography. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thehistory of photography from its early days in the nineteenthcentury to the varied photographic art forms of the present day.The interactive role of technical and artistic innovations is studiedin an historical context. PREREQ: ART 108 and ARH 167, orpermission of the instructor.ARH 350: Special Topics in Art History. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 9 credits). A variable topics lecture course in art history,including American art, the art of Latin America, the historyof women artists, African-American art, the intensive study ofindividual artists, and other course areas outside the traditionaldiscipline sequence. PREREQ: Any ARH 100-level Art Historycourse.ARH 451: Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 9 credits). (Requiredof ARH majors.) Group investigation of special problemsin Art History. PREREQ: Departmental and instructor's permission.ARH 489: Research in Art History. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 9 credits). Individual investigation of special problemsin art history. PREREQ: Departmental permission.78 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Biological SciencesChair: Edward Kennelly (Davis Hall, Room 217)Adviser: Joseph W. Rachlin (Davis Hall, Room 034)Department Faculty and Staff:Professors: Dominick V. Basile, Thomas E. Jensen, Dwight T. Kincaid,Martin Muntzel, Joseph W. Rachlin, William A. Tramontano, EleanoreT. Wurtzel; Associate Professors: Hai-Ping Cheng, Liesl B. Jones,Edward J. Kennelly; Assistant Professors: Gabriel O. Aisemberg,Maryam Bamshad-Alavi, Miguel Cervantes-Cervantes, Zhi-LiangZheng; Chief College Laboratory Technicians: Michael Baxter, AntoniosPappantoniou; Senior College Laboratory Technicians: DavidCain, Katherine Lieberman, Steven TrimboliThe undergraduate curricula of the Department of Biological Sciencesare designed to provide potential biologists with a solidbackground based on the substantial new information comprisingmodern biology and to meet the needs of students with differentcareer goals and scientific interests. The Department offers studentsthe opportunity to earn the Bachelor of Arts degree with twomajors in Biology, one of which is designed for prospective elementaryschool teachers. In addition, the Department offers studentsthe opportunity to earn the Bachelor of Science degree in theinterdisciplinary major in Anthropology (Physical), Biology, andChemistry, which is offered jointly with the Departments of Anthropologyand Chemistry.Career Preparation: Careers arising from an undergraduate majorin Biology include research in one of its areas: medicine, veterinarymedicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and work in the paramedicalprofessions, as well as opportunities in public health,forestry, agriculture, fisheries, biotechnology, and conservation.Prospective middle- and high school biology teachers shouldconsult the adviser in either the Department of Biological Sciencesor the Department of Middle and High School Education.Students preparing for elementary teaching should consult theDepartment of Early Childhood and Childhood Education.Graduate Study: Students who plan to attend graduate schoolshould consult the Departmental adviser early in their collegecareers. They should examine the Lehman College GraduateBulletin and the bulletins of various graduate schools for specificentrance requirements. A reading knowledge of foreign languagesis sometimes required. In special cases, graduating seniorsmeeting the prerequisites may be permitted to offer creditfrom graduate courses listed in the College's Graduate Bulletintoward their undergraduate degrees.Programs60-CREDIT INTERDISCIPLINARY MAJOR IN ANTHROPOLOGY(PHYSICAL), BIOLOGY, AND CHEMISTRY (B.S.)See the information on this program contained in the precedingpages of this Bulletin.INDIVIDUALIZED B.A. IN PLANT STUDIESThis program, emphasizing the plant sciences, is administeredthrough the Office of Individualized and Continuing Education.It is a collaborative program, with students taking some plantstudies courses at the New York Botanical Garden and others atLehman College. Further details may be obtained from the Departmentaladviser in Biological Sciences or the Office of Adultand Continuing Education.70-CREDIT MAJOR IN BIOLOGY I (B.A.)The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (70)8 In BIO 166 and 167: one counts as distribution and theother toward the major. Both are prerequisite to all otherBiology courses.24 In advanced Biology courses (200, 300, and 400 levels), withat least 12 credits at the 300 level or higher. Course schedulesto be approved by the Department's student adviser.10 In general chemistry: CHE 166-167 and 168-16910 In organic chemistry: CHE 232-233 and 234-23510 In general physics: PHY 166*-167*8 In mathematics: Either MAT 175 and 176 or 175 and 231*Please note that the Physics Department has increased the credit requirementsfor this course to 5 credits.Qualified students may also take BIO 450: Seminar in Biology;BIO 489: Introduction to Experimental Biology; BIO 490: Honorsin Biological Sciences. Biology majors MUST consult withDepartmental undergraduate advisers on completion of BIO 166or 167 and when making course selections.Special Note: Biology majors are not required to select a minor becauseof the extensive course work in ancillary sciences required in thecourse of study.43-CREDIT MAJOR IN BIOLOGY II, B.A.This major is appropriate only for students planning to teach inelementary school. The required sequence of courses in elementaryeducation must be completed by all students selecting this Biologymajor. The required credits are distributed as follows:Credits (43)8 In BIO 166-16720 Selected from other BIO courses10 In general chemistry: CHE 166-167 and 168-1695 In general physics: PHY 166*MINOR IN BIOLOGYA minor in Biology consists of a minimum of 16 credits in Biology,including one course (4 credits) selected from BIO 166, BIO167, BIO 183, or BIO 184, and three courses (12 credits) selectedfrom the 200, 300, or 400 levels, with at least two of theseat the 300 or 400 level. The selected 100-level course will satisfythe distribution requirement in Biology.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 79

Courses in Biological Sciences*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.BIO 166: Introduction to Organismic Biology. 6 hours(2, lecture; 1, discussion; 3, lab), 4 credits. Introduction to theprinciples of biology governing the unity and diversity of livingorganisms, with special emphasis on subcellular, cellular, andorganismal levels of organization in plants and animals, and ongenetics and evolution. Laboratory exercises consist of experimentalprocedures illustrating basic concepts of biology.BIO 167: Principles of Biology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 1, discussion;3, lab), 4 credits. Introduction to the principles of biology governingthe unity and diversity of living organisms, with specialemphasis on energy production, nutrition, hormonal control,reproduction, and other physiological mechanisms involved inthe coordination of activity in plants and animals. Laboratoryexercises consist of experimental procedures illustrating basicconcepts of biology.Note: The following courses are closed to students majoring in Biology:BIO 181, BIO 182, BIO 183, BIO 184, BIO 226, BIO 230.BIO 181: Anatomy and Physiology I. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. (Open only to students majoring in Nursing; Dietetics,Foods, and Nutrition; Health Education, and Physical Education.)Study of human anatomy and physiology. Lecture topicsinclude cell structure and function, tissues, and the study of theskeletal, muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems. Laboratoryexercises complement the lecture material with the use of aworkbook, models, and animal preparations.BIO 182: Anatomy and Physiology II. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. (Open only to students majoring in Nursing, Dietetics,Foos, and Nutrition; Health Education, and Physical Education.)Continuation of BIO 181. Lecture topics include the cardiovascular,respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, andselected topics on metabolism and fluid homeostasis. Emphasis isgiven to the physiological functioning of these systems. Laboratoryexperiments illustrate the concepts discussed in the lectures.PREREQ: BIO 181.BIO 183: Human Biology. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab), 4 credits(closed to students majoring in Biology). Introduction to thestructure and function of the human body, with emphasis onthe physiological mechanisms in health and disease. Topicsinclude: the molecules of life; cells and tissues; the skeleton;muscles; the heart; blood; skin; the eye; the ear; reproductiontheory; the brain; genetics; infectious disease; the immune system;cancer; and nutrition.BIO 184: Plants and People. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab), 4 credits(closed to students majoring in biology). Introduction to theworld of plants, with emphasis on the interactions and interdependencyof plants and people.Note: All 200-, 300-, and 400-level BIO courses carry the followingPREREQ: BIO 166-167 (or equivalents). Additional prerequisites are listed.BIO 226: Human Physiology. 5 hours (2, lecture; 3, lab),3.5 credits. (Closed to students majoring in Biology.) Study ofhuman anatomy and physiology, with emphasis on the integrationand regulation of physiological processes. Laboratory workillustrates the principles discussed in the lectures.BIO 227: Mammalian Histology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Microscopic study of cells, tissues, and organs fromprepared slides, with emphasis on the correlation between structureand function. Recent advances grounded in electron microscopyand histochemistry are discussed.BIO 228: Mammalian Physiology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Study of the basic principles of mammalian physiology.Various organ systems will be presented to illustrate theirmechanisms of operation, their nervous and hormonal control,and their interrelationships with other organ systems in maintaininghomeostasis. Emphasis will be given to the cardiovascular,neuromuscular, renal, and respiratory systems. PREREQ:CHE 168-169.BIO 230: Microbiology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits.(Open only to students majoring in Nursing; Dietetics, Foods,and Nutrition; Health Education; and Physical Education.) Asurvey of microbes and their structure, chemical composition,cultivation, ecology, and metabolism; special emphasis on appliedaspects (infectious diseases and human resistance, foodand industrial microbiology, biotechnology). PREREQ: Twosemesters of 100-level biology.BIO 238: Genetics. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits. Basicprinciples of genetics and modern developments in the field,with their theoretical and practical implications: the inheritance,structure, and mode of action of the genetic material in microorganisms,plants, and animals, including man. Laboratory workconsists of preparation and examination of chromosome materialand experiments with segregating characters in a variety oforganisms.BIO 241: Evolution, Species, and Biogeography. 3 hours (lecture),3credits. This course will explore the three major themes ofEvolution, Species, and Biogeography from their historical antecedentsto modern ideas. The course will provide the studentwith a full understanding of the ideas that shape current thinkingin organismic biology and advance the dialogue in systematics,ecology, biodiversity, and conservation. PREREQ: BIO 166and 167, or equivalents. Note: Basic computer skills and familiaritywith the Internet are strongly recommended.BIO 242: Flowering Plants. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Identification and classification of flowering plants bythe use of manuals. The characteristics and evolutionary positionof selected families, including a discussion of economicallyimportant plants. Laboratory work is supplemented byfield trips.BIO 244: Growth and Development of Lower Plants. 6 hours(2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits. Algae, fungi, liverworts, and mossesare cultured and studied macroscopically and microscopicallythrough all phases of their life cycles. Emphasis is on growth anddifferentiation, reproductive processes, and the phylogeneticinterrelationships among groups. Laboratory work will be supplementedby field trips.BIO 246: Growth and Development of Higher Plants. 6 hours(2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits. Vegetative and reproductive structuresof primitive tracheophytes, gymnosperms, and angiospermsare studied in living, cultured, preserved, and fossilizedmaterials in an attempt to trace the growth and phylogeneticdevelopment of these groups. Laboratory work will be supplementedby field trips.80 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

BIO 266: Invertebrate Zoology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Survey of the anatomy and natural history of the invertebrates.Emphasis is not only on the evolutionary relationshipsbut also on functional problems presented by the environmentand the mechanisms by which they are solved.BIO 267: Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. 6 hours(2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits. Evolution of chordates, with emphasison comparative anatomic, functional, and developmentalaspects of vertebrate organ systems. Laboratory dissections ofrepresentatives of each of the vertebrate classes will be performed.BIO 268: Vertebrate Embryology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Experimental studies and modern theories of development.Laboratory study of the frog, chick, and mammal.BIO 269: The Biology of Insects. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Anatomy, behavior, classification, ecology, andphysiology of insects. The laboratory will include field tripsand projects.BIO (GEP) 302: Biogeography. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. Analysis of the origin, distribution, adaptation, and associationof plants and animals. Development of living communitiesconsidered particularly in space but also in time. Stress placed onbroad distributional relationships. PREREQ: GEP 226.BIO 310: Parasitology. 5 hours (2, lecture; 3, lab), 3.5 credits.PREREQ: One 200-level BIO course, BIO 266 recommended.BIO 330: Plant Physiology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits.Consideration of the major physiological processes of plants,with special emphasis on water relations, inorganic nutrition,photosynthesis, metabolism, and hormonal relationships. Laboratorystudies consist of physiological experiments with livingplants. PREREQ: CHE 234-235.*BIO 331: Experimental Microbiology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4,lab), 4 credits. Basic analyses of the life of microorganisms, withemphasis on microbial cellular structure, metabolic pathways,microbial growth, and control of growth; microbial genetics andgene expression; and microbial diversity. The impact of microbialgrowth on humans and the environment will be discussedin detail. PREREQ: CHE 234-235.BIO (GEO) 332: Advanced Oceanography. 5 hours (2, lecture;3, lab or seminar; several day-long research exercises), 3.5 credits.Interaction between the geologic and biotic elements of theoceans and their basins. Emphasis is on correlating the broadspectrum of approaches in modern oceanography. CUNYoceanographic facilities will be used. Field experience. PREREQ(BIO major): BIO 166-167, either GEO 166 or 168, and eitherCHE 114 or 166-167. PREREQ (GEO major): Either GEO 166 orGEO 168, GEO 167, either BIO 166 or BIO 167, and either CHE114 or CHE 166-167. Note: BIO (GEO) 332 is accepted towardfulfillment of either the BIO or the GEO major requirements.BIO 333: Endocrine Physiology. 6 hours (3, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Endocrine regulation of growth, development, metabolism,and reproduction. Laboratory experiments on endocrineregulation of physiological processes with the use of small animals(rats, frogs, and fishes) include experience with surgicaltechniques and radioisotopes. PREREQ: CHE 234-235.BIO 335: Marine Biology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab; and fieldtrips), 4 credits. Current concepts in marine and littoral ecologywill be discussed. Students will gain an understanding of howorganisms deal with the unique physical and chemical characteristicsimposed by this environment. PREREQ: One 200-level BIOcourse (BIO 238 or BIO 266 recommended).BIO 338: Genetics of Man. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits.PREREQ: BIO 238.BIO 339: Ecology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab; and field trips),4 credits. Introduction to the factors comprising biotic communities,with special emphasis on the properties of populationsand communities. Laboratory and fieldwork stress techniquesuseful in basic environmental and community analyses.PREREQ: One 200-level BIO course (BIO 242 or 266 recommended).BIO 400: Biological Chemistry. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Stress on the central role of biomolecules in living cells:biological oxidation and intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates,lipids, and proteins, and the general properties of enzymesand enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the intact cell and cellfreesystems. Laboratory work stresses use of modern techniquesused in biochemical analysis and in enzyme assays. PREREQ:Two additional BIO courses and CHE 234-235.BIO 401: Biological Systematics. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. A study of the theoretical basis and methodologies ofeach of the current schools of systematics, and the argumentsused by each school in uncovering the phylogenetic relationshipsamong organisms. Topics to be covered will include Aristotelianessentialism, evolutionary systematics, phenetics,cladistics (phylogenetic systematics), transformed (pattern)cladistics, monophyly, paraphyly, polyphyly, parsimony, homology,homoplasy, character state analysis, and polarity.PREREQ: Two additional BIO courses.BIO 404: Plant Biochemistry. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits.Biochemical activities of plants, including photosynthesis, respiratorypathways, sulfate and nitrate reduction, and cell-wall metabolismwill be discussed. The biosynthesis by plants of drugs ofpharmacological significance such as alkaloids and vitamins willalso be considered. Laboratory work will include techniques forfractionating plant cells and isolating intermediates and products'metabolic pathways. PREREQ: Two additional BIO courses andCHE 234-235.BIO 406: Biochemistry of Differentiation. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: BIO 238, one other BIO course, and CHE 234-235.BIO 410: Cell Physiology and Biochemistry. 6 hours (2, lecture;4, lab), 4 credits. Consideration of structure in relation to functionin the intact cell system. Metabolic regulation and the properties ofcell membranes, the cytoplasm, the nucleus, and the genes arediscussed in terms of some of the integrated activities of the livingcell, including permeability, active transport, excitation, conduction,contraction, differentiation, and aging. PREREQ: Either twoadditional BIO courses or one BIO course plus one semester ofphysical chemistry, and CHE 234-235.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 81

BIO 420: Molecular Biology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits.Discussion of structure and function of nucleic acids and proteinsand their synthesis in vivo and in vitro. Basic concepts inmolecular genetics are studied, with special emphasis on themolecular architecture of the gene, its action, and regulations inbacteria and bacteriophages. Laboratory experiments includetechniques for isolation and quantitation of nucleic acids fromcells, use of the cell-free synthesizing systems, and basic proceduresin microbial genetics. PREREQ: CHE 234-235 and eithertwo additional BIO major courses (200-level or above) or oneadditional BIO major course (200-level or above) and physicalchemistry.BIO 424: Ichthyology. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, seminar, lab, or fieldwork),4 credits. In-depth consideration of the life histories offishes. Emphasis on the general and specific physiological adaptationsof these organisms to the functional problems presentedby the aquatic environment. PREREQ: Two additional BIOcourses.BIO 431: Comparative Animal Physiology. 6 hours (2, lecture;4, lab) 4 credits. Comparative aspects of cellular and organphysiology, the evolutionary basis for development of homeostaticmechanisms, and structure-function correlation within theanimal kingdom. Laboratory work includes the use of moderntechniques to elucidate and illustrate the principles discussed inthe lectures. PREREQ: Two additional BIO courses and CHE234-235.BIO 432: Biological Fine Structure. 3 hours, 3 credits. Detaileddescription of cell structure at the macromolecular level as revealedby modern methods of fine-structure analysis, especiallyby electron microscopy. Emphasis on structure-function relationshipsin cell components. Demonstration of the variousmethods used in fine-structure analysis. PREREQ: Two additionalBIO courses. COREQ: BIO 433.BIO 433: Techniques in Electron Microscopy. 6 hours, 3 credits.Fundamental training in techniques used in obtaining structuralcellular information at the macromolecular level. Emphasis is onmethods and applications of electron microscopy to the study ofbiological materials. PREREQ: Two additional BIO courses.COREQ: BIO 432.BIO 435: Neurophysiology. 3 hours, 3 credits. A general considerationof nervous systems, excitable membrane physiology,synapses, sensory receptors, trophic function, regeneration ofnervous tissue, and behavior. PREREQ: Two additional BIOcourses, including at least one course in animal physiology, andCHE 234-235. COREQ: BIO 436.BIO 436: Neurophysiology Laboratory. 4 hours, 2 credits. Thelaboratory will introduce students to instrumentation and neurophysiologicaltechniques. The experiments will examinebioelectricity, receptor processes, central processes, behavior,and regeneration. COREQ: BIO 435.BIO 450: Biology Seminar. One semester, 1 credit (maximum2 credits). The seminar provides an opportunity for reading currentliterature in selected areas of interest for the study of reports andfor discussions. PREREQ: 15 credits in BIO and CHE 168-169.BIO 465: Microbial Physiology and Genetics. 6 hours (2 lecture;4 lab), 4 credits. The organization of physiological processes inmicroorganisms, including structure, energy-yielding mechanisms,macromolecular biosynthesis, growth, and regulation.The genetics of microorganisms, including the organization,maintenance, and expression of genetic information, cell growthand differentiation, and genetic engineering. PREREQ: ExperimentalMicrobiology (BIO 331).*BIO (GEO) 470: Oceanographic Research Cruise. 90 hours(fieldwork and lab), 3 credits. (Between spring and summer sessions.)PREREQ: Either BIO (GEO) 332 or BIO 335. Note: Pleaseconsult the Department chair before registering for this course.BIO 489: Introduction to Experimental Biology. One semester,1 credit (maximum 3 credits). Individual laboratory investigationfor advanced students, under the guidance of a faculty member.PREREQ: Sponsorship of a faculty member, Departmental permissionprior to preliminary registration, and 15 BIO credits.BIO 490: Honors in Biological Sciences. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 3 credits). Independent laboratory investigation foradvanced students, under the guidance of a faculty member(minimum of 90 hours) PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of 18credits in BIO or related fields, including either PHY 167 or 169,plus CHE 234-235, and endorsement by a faculty member to besubmitted to the chair prior to preliminary registration.Special Program in Plant Sciencesin Conjunction with the New YorkBotanical GardenThe purpose of the New York Botanical Garden's ContinuingEducation Program is to interest and instruct the general publicin the various facets of plant life. Several major programs ofstudy are offered: Botany, Genetics and Evolution, Field Botany,Plant Morphology and Taxonomy, and Home Landscaping.Among the offerings at the Garden, the courses listed below maybe counted for elective credit at Lehman College. These courses arenot open to students in the Biology major except in special circumstancesto be decided in consultation with the Biological SciencesDepartment. They are taught by members of the New YorkBotanical Garden staff, all specialists and experienced teachers intheir specific areas. In general, they involve lectures, discussions,demonstrations, and films. Laboratory activity is indicated as partof the course description.Courses in BotanyBBG 111: Basic Botany. 15 hours, 1 credit. Among the topicscovered are: plant cells and tissues, cell division, reproduction,genetics, anatomy, plant diversity and systematics, evolution,water relationships, respiration, photosynthesis, and ecology.BBG 112: Plant Form and Function. 12 hours, 1 credit. An introductionto the anatomy and physiology of plant cells andorgans. The difference between physiology and anatomy (ormorphology) is that physiology is dynamic—concerned with thefunctions and vital function of organisms—while the morphologist'sconcern is primarily geared toward form and structure.Includes laboratory work. PREREQ: BBG 111.82 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

BBG 113: Physiology of Plants. 12 hours, 1 credit. Plant growthand development, hormones, tropisms, phytochrome, dormancy,responses to low temperature, flowering, senescence andabscission, with emphasis on the physiological variations thatoccur from season to season. PREREQ: BBG 112.BBG 114: Ecology. 12 hours, 1 credit. The relationship of vegetationstudy to ecology; the classification and description of forestand wetland communities; the influence of climate, soil, topography,geology, and man on the vegetation. Local flora will becompared with that in other parts of the United States.BBG 115: Field Botany. 12 hours, 1 credit. The cryptogams areseedless plants: algae, fungi, mosses, hepatics, lichens, ferns, andfern allies. The recognition and collection of cryptogams forobservation in herbariums. Weather permitting, some classeswill be field trips in or near the New York Botanical Garden.PREREQ: BBG 114.BBG 116: Field Botany. 12 hours, 1 credit. Identification ofcommon trees, shrubs, and flowers in the area; naming andbasic plant structure; practice in using taxonomic keys of identification.Students are required to make their own personal plantcollections. PREREQ: BBG 114.BBG 117: Evolutionary Biology. 12 hours, 1 credit. Learning toread the fossil record: an introduction to such disciplines as paleoecology,geochemistry, and paleochemotaxonomy. Computeranalysis applied to historical biology. PREREQ: BBG 111.BBG 118: General Genetics. 12 hours, 1 credit. Specific patternsof gene inheritance by Mendelian and non-Mendelian mechanisms;the use of probability and statistics; the role of DNA-RNAas the “code of life.” PREREQ: BBG 111.BBG 119: Paleobotany. 12 hours, 1 credit. A history of the largefossil plant groups and their characters, with emphasis on evolution,ecology, dispersal, paleoclimates, and practical applications.PREREQ: BBG 111.BBG 120: Morphology of Flowering Plants. 20 hours, 1 credit.The basic structure of flowering plants as viewed by a dissectingmicroscope for the examination of living flowers of highly specializedstructure and with the compound microscope for theobservation of anatomical slides. The student will have the opportunityto make botanical illustrations of the dissectionspecimen.BBG 121: Systematic Botany. 12 hours, 1 credit. The principlesof classifying plants into species, genus, family, etc. Typicalflower structure and modifications that affect classification.PREREQ: BBG 111.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 83

ChemistryChair: Ralph Salvatore (Davis Hall, Room 315).Adviser: John L. Richards (Davis Hall, Room 336)Department Faculty and Staff: Professors: Frederick Downs, Iraj Ganjian,Marc S. Lazarus, Manfred Philipp, Ralph Salvatore, Juan F.Villa; Associate Professors: Norman Bray, Charles M. Dougherty;Chief College Laboratory Technician: Peter Accumanno; Senior CollegeLaboratory Technician: John Klonowski; Senior College LaboratoryTechnician: Bibi N. GafurThe Department of Chemistry offers degree programs designedto prepare students for advanced study and careers in chemistry,biochemistry, and related fields, including medicine and dentistry.For students majoring in other science or science-related fields, theDepartment offers courses needed to pursue careers in scienceteaching, medicine, dentistry, nursing, and nutrition. For nonsciencemajors, courses are offered that present the concepts andfacts of chemistry useful in understanding and appreciating present-dayscientific knowledge and its application to everyday life.Programs54-TO-59-CREDIT MAJOR IN CHEMISTRY, B.A.This major is recommended for those students in chemistry whoare preparing for (1) admission to medical, veterinary, or dentalschool; (2) certification as secondary school teachers of chemistry;or (3) positions in the chemical industry. The requiredcourses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (54-59)34-37 In chemistry: CHE 166-167 (or equivalent), 168-169,232-233, 234-235, 249, 342, 344, and 345, and eitherCHE 347 or 44920-22 In mathematics and physics: MAT 175-176, MAT 226,and either PHY 166-167 or 168-16976-TO-77-CREDIT MAJOR IN CHEMISTRY, B.S.This major is recommended for students preparing for graduateschool in chemistry or for careers in chemical research. The B.S.program is accredited by the Committee on Professional Trainingof the American Chemical Society (A.C.S.). The requiredcourses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (76-77)54-55 In chemistry: CHE 166-167 (or equivalent), 168-169,232-233, 234-235, 249, 327, 342, 344, 345, 347, 442,443, and 449, and two additional advanced CHEcourses22 In mathematics and physics: MAT 175, 176, MAT 226,and either PHY 166-167 or 168-16981-CREDIT MAJOR IN CHEMISTRY, B.S., WITHA SPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRYThis major prepares students for (1) graduate study in biochemistry,molecular biology, immunochemistry, pharmacology, orclinical chemistry; (2) professional training in medicine, dentistry,and other health-related sciences; and (3) careers in biochemistryor biomedicine in hospitals, medical schools, or thechemical industry. The B.S. program in Biochemistry is accreditedby the Committee on Professional Training of the AmericanChemical Society (A.C.S.). The distribution of required coursesand credits is as follows:Credits (81)47 In chemistry: CHE 166-167, 168-169, 232-233, 234-235,249, 332, 334, 335, 442, 443, 444, and 446-44716 In biological sciences: BIO 166, 167, 238, and 42018 In mathematics and physics: MAT 175, 176, and eitherPHY 166-167 or 168-169PREPARATION FOR TEACHINGStudents planning to teach should consult their advisers as wellas the Office of the Dean of Education (Carman B-33).REQUIREMENTS FOR A CHEMISTRY MINORStudents must complete 10 credits in organic chemistry—CHE 232-233 and 234-235—and also choose either CHE 249 (quantitativeanalysis, 5 credits) or CHE 332 (physical chemistry, 3 credits).Courses in Chemistry**If it is necessary to repeat either a lecture course or a laboratorycourse and a passing grade has been obtained in the corequisitelaboratory or lecture course, the corequisite course is not to be repeated.Credit will be withheld and the student will not be admittedto further chemistry courses until both the lecture and laboratoryhave been completed satisfactorily.CHE 001: Preparation for General Chemistry. 3 hours, 0 credits.Practice in handling mathematical problems in physical scienceand an introduction to certain fundamental topics in chemistry,for students who have had insufficient high school training inthe physical sciences.**CHE 104: Introductory Chemistry I. 3 hours, 1.5 credits.(CHE 104 and 106 together are equivalent to CHE 166. EitherCHE 104 and 106 or CHE 166 is required of students takingmore than one year of chemistry- except students majoring innutrition-and of pre-engineering students. Either 104 and 106 or166 is recommended to premedical, preveterinary, and predentalstudents.) A course presenting the fundamental laws and theoriesof chemistry. Considerable emphasis will be placed on theapplication of the mathematical and reasoning skills necessaryto solve chemical problems. PREREQ: Completion of the College'sRequirement in Mathematics. Note: CHE 104 is not creditedwithout CHE 106. A student may receive credit for only one of thefollowing: CHE 104 and 106, CHE 114, CHE 136, and CHE 166.**CHE 105: Introductory Chemistry Laboratory I. 4 hours(3, lab; 1, problem lab), 1 credit. Introduction to the methods ofscientific investigation, including basic physical and chemicallaboratory techniques. Applications will include the synthesisand analysis of simple chemical systems. COREQ: CHE 104.84 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

**CHE 106: Introductory Chemistry II. 3 hours, 1.5 credits.Continuation of CHE 104: a course presenting the fundamentallaws and theories of chemistry. Considerable emphasis will beplaced on the application of the mathematical and reasoningskills necessary to solve chemical problems. PREREQ: CHE 104.COREQ: CHE 107.**CHE 107: Introductory Chemistry Laboratory II. 4 hours(3, lab; 1, problem lab), 1 credit. Continuation of CHE 105: introductionto the methods of scientific investigation, includingbasic physical and chemical laboratory techniques. Applicationswill include synthesis and analysis of simple chemical systems.PREREQ: CHE 105. COREQ: CHE 106.**CHE 114: Essentials of General Chemistry—Lecture. 3 hours,3 credits. A brief presentation of the essentials of chemistry andtheir applications to inorganic chemistry. PREREQ: Completionof the College's Requirement in Mathematics. COREQ: CHE115. Note: No student may receive credit for more than one of thefollowing: CHE 104 and 106, CHE 114, CHE 136, CHE 166.**CHE 115: Essentials of General Chemistry—Laboratory.3 hours, 1.5 credits. Introduction to laboratory experimentationto familiarize students with scientific measurements and practicalchemical reactions. COREQ: CHE 114.**CHE 120: Essentials of Organic Chemistry Lecture I. 3 hours,3 credits. Brief presentation of the essentials of organic chemistryand their application to biochemistry. PREREQ: CHE 114.COREQ: CHE 121. Note: No student may receive credit for bothCHE 120 and 232.**CHE 121: Essentials of Organic Chemistry Laboratory II.3 hours, 1.5 credits. Study of practical organic laboratory techniquesand preparations to illustrate the lectures in CHE 120.COREQ: CHE 120. Note: No student may receive credit for bothCHE 121 and 233 or 235.CHE 136: Elements of Chemistry. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. (For nonscience majors.) A survey of the concepts ofinorganic and organic chemistry and of biochemistry designedto enable the student to better understand science and itscontribution to human culture. Note: No student may receive creditfor both CHE 136 and CHE 114. A student may receive credits foronly one of the following: CHE 104 and 106, 114, 136, 166.**CHE 166: General Chemistry I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Either CHE166 or CHE 104 and 106 are required of students planning totake more than one year of chemistry (except students majoringin nutrition) and of pre-engineering students; CHE 104 and 106or CHE 166 is recommended to premedical, preveterinary, andpredental students. A course presenting the fundamental lawsand theories of chemistry in considerable depth. PREREQ:Completion of the College's Requirement in Mathematics and asatisfactory score on the Departmental Placement Examination.COREQ: CHE 167. A student may receive credit for only one ofthe following: CHE 104 and 105, 114, 136, 166.**CHE 167: General Chemistry Laboratory I. 4 hours (3, lab;1, problem lab), 2 credits. Introduction to the practical aspects ofchemical principles, with emphasis on quantitative measurementsand analytical technique. COREQ: CHE 166.**CHE 168: General Chemistry II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Continuationof CHE 166 or 106: the presentation of the fundamentallaws and theories of chemistry in considerable depth. PREREQ:CHE 166 or 104 and 106 (or equivalent, as approved by theChair). COREQ: CHE 169.**CHE 169: General Chemistry Laboratory II. 4 hours (3, lab;1, problem lab), 2 credits. Continuation of CHE 167 or 107. Emphasiswill be on inorganic preparation, ionic separation, and qualitativeanalysis. PREREQ: CHE 167 or 107. CO-REQ: CHE 168.CHE 209: Clinical Chemistry. 8 hours (2, lecture; 6, lab),4 credits. PREREQ: Either CHE 120-121 or 168-169. Study of thefundamentals of analytical methods used in the clinical laboratory,including standard clinical procedures and their applicationto the analysis of body fluids. Metabolic pathways and theirrelation to normal and pathological conditions will be discussed.PREREQ: Either CHE 120-121 or 168-169.**CHE 232: Organic Chemistry Lecture I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Studyof the structure and properties of the fundamental classes of organiccompounds, with emphasis on reactivity, reaction mechanisms,synthesis, and stereochemistry. PREREQ: CHE 168-169.COREQ: CHE 233. Note: No student may receive credit for both CHE232 and 120. CHE 232 is not credited without 234.**CHE 233: Organic Chemistry Laboratory I. 4 hours, 2 credits.Study of organic synthesis and laboratory techniques, includingthe use of modern instrumentation and organic qualitativeanalysis. PREREQ: CHE 168-169. COREQ: CHE 232.**CHE 234: Organic Chemistry Lecture II. 3 hours, 3 credits.Continuation of CHE 232. PREREQ: CHE 232. COREQ: CHE 235.**CHE 235: Organic Chemistry Laboratory II. 4 hours, 2 credits.Continuation of CHE 233. PREREQ: CHE 233. COREQ: CHE 234.CHE 244: Introduction to Biochemistry. 3 hours, 3 credits.(Closed to students majoring in Chemistry.) Fall semester only.Introductory course emphasizing the study of the structure, reactions;and syntheses of biological compounds; mechanism ofenzyme-catalyzed reactions and biochemical genetics. PREREQ:CHE 120. Note: No student may receive credit for both CHE 244 and444 or 446.CHE 245: Biochemistry Laboratory. 3 hours, 1.5 credits.(Closed to students majoring in Chemistry.) Fall semester only.Laboratory exercises designed to illustrate the biochemical aspectsof nutrition. Properties and metabolic roles of carbohydrates,lipids, proteins, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, and minerals will beemphasized. PREREQ: CHE 120-121. COREQ: CHE 244. Note:Credit may not be received for both CHE 245 and 447.CHE 249: Quantitative Analysis. 8 hours (2, lecture; 6, lab),5 credits. Fall term only. Principles of gravimetric, volumetric,and spectrophotometric analysis. Methods involving acidimetry,precipitation, chelation, oxidation, and iodometry. Analyticalseparations. PREREQ: CHE 168-169.CHE 266: Introduction to Forensic Science. 5 hours (1, lecture;4, lab), 3 credits. The application of the natural sciences to mattersof law. Recognizing, preserving, analyzing, and interpretingphysical evidence to provide information to the courts and lawenforcement agencies.CHE 320: Medicinal Chemistry. 3 hours, 3 credits. An examinationof the relationship between molecular structure and biologicalactivity for some of the more important classes oftherapeutic agents. Relevant nomenclature, functional groupchemistry, and stereochemistry of the major classes of organiccompounds; mechanism of action; structure-activity relationships,and other factors that influence drug action will be discussed.PREREQ: CHE 234 and BIO 167.CHE 327: Structure Determination and Organic Analysis.8 hours (2 lecture, 6 lab), 5 credits. Qualitative identification oforganic compounds and characteristic groups, including the useof instrumentation, the preparation of derivatives, and the consultationof chemical literature. PREREQ: CHE 234-235.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 85

CHE 332: Introductory Physical Chemistry I. 3 hours, 3 credits.Fall term only. (Intended for students majoring in Biochemistry orBiology.) An introduction to the principles of thermodynamics,kinetics, and molecular structure fundamental to the understandingof living systems. Applications of principles will include suchtopics as physical properties of proteins and nucleic acids, membranetransport, diffusion, enzyme kinetics, x-ray diffraction, andmolecular spectroscopy. PREREQ: CHE 168-169, MAT 175, andPHY 166. PRE- or COREQ: MAT 176 and PHY 167.CHE 334: Introductory Physical Chemistry II. 3 hours, 3 credits.Spring term only. Continuation of CHE 332. PREREQ: CHE 332.CHE 335: Introductory Physical Chemistry of BiosystemsLaboratory. 6 hours, 3 credits. Spring term only. Experimentalwork employing physico-chemical techniques in the investigationof biochemical processes. PREREQ: CHE 249 and 332. PREorCOREQ: CHE 334.CHE 342: Physical Chemistry Lecture I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Fallterm only. An in-depth study of thermodynamics, states of matter,statistical thermodynamics, kinetics, and an introduction toquantum mechanics. The relation between experiment and theorywill be emphasized. PREREQ: CHE 168-169, either PHY 167 or169, and MAT 176. PRE- or COREQ: MAT 226. Note: This coursemeets the requirements of the A.C.S.-certified B.S. in chemistry.CHE 344: Physical Chemistry Lecture II. 3 hours, 3 credits.Spring term only. Continuation of CHE 342. PREREQ: CHE 342and MAT 226.CHE 345: Physical Chemistry Laboratory I. 4 hours, 2 credits.Experimental work employing important physicochemical techniques.PREREQ: CHE 249 and 342. COREQ: CHE 342, withDepartmental permission.CHE 347: Physical Chemistry Laboratory II. 4 hours, 2 credits.Continuation of CHE 345. PREREQ: CHE 344 and 345. COREQ:CHE 344, with Departmental permission.CHE 391: Chemical Investigations. 9 hours (1, conference;8, lab), 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). (Limited to students majoringin Chemistry and Biochemistry.) A course designed to allowqualified students to participate in original chemical investigationunder the supervision of a faculty member. A written reportis required each semester. PREREQ: CHE 234-235 and Departmentalpermission. Note: The total credits received for CHE 391and 491 may not exceed 9.CHE 440: Quantum Chemistry. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: CHE344 or 334. RECOMMENDED: MAT 323.CHE 442: Inorganic Chemistry. 3 hours, 3 credits. Developmentsin modern chemical theories in the interpretation and explanationof the properties of, and relationships existing between, theelements and their compounds. PREREQ: CHE 234. PRE- orCOREQ: CHE 334 or 344.CHE 443: Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory. 2 hours, 1 credit.Inorganic synthesis and characterization of compounds by instrumentaland other modern techniques. PREREQ: CHE 234-235. PRE- or COREQ: CHE 344 and 442.CHE 444: Biochemistry I. 4 hours (3, lecture; 1, problem session),3 credits. (Closed to students who have taken CHE 244.) Fallterm only. Study of amino acids, protein structure and conformation,kinetic and molecular basis of enzyme action, lipids andmembrane structure, carbohydrates and intermediary metabolism,regulatory mechanisms, elementary thermodynamics inbiochemical equilibria, and relationships between structure andfunction of biological macromolecules. PREREQ: CHE 234. PREorCOREQ: CHE 334 or 344.CHE 446: Biochemistry II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Spring term only.A continuation of CHE 444. Study of photosynthesis, biosyntheticpathways, structure and reactivity of nucleic acids, regulationof gene expression, active transport, mechanism of musclecontraction, and immunochemistry. PREREQ: CHE 444.CHE 447: Biochemistry Laboratory. 6 hours, 3 credits. Springterm only. Techniques for the study of large molecules of biologicalimportance; physical and chemical methods of isolation,characterization, structure determination, sequence, and biosynthesisof macromolecules; and kinetics and mechanism of enzyme-catalyzedreactions. Laboratory work will include theapplication of the following methods to the study of biologicalmolecules: spectrophotometry, chromatography (thin layer, ionexchange, and column), gradient centrifugation, electrophoresis,and radiochemical assays. PRE- or COREQ: CHE 335 and 446.Note: Credit may not be received for both CHE 447 and CHE 245.CHE 448: Advanced Organic Chemistry: Lecture. 2 hours,2 credits. Detailed examination of heterocyclic and homo-cycliccompounds, polynuclear condensed ring systems, and naturalproducts. Special emphasis on synthetic methods and structuredetermination, including kinetics and mechanisms of organicreactions. PREREQ: CHE 234 and 344.CHE 449: Instrumental Analysis. 8 hours (2, lecture; 6, lab),5 credits. Electroanalytical, spectrophotometric, chromatographic,and other instrumental methods as applied to analyticalchemistry. PREREQ: CHE 344 and 345.CHE 450: Chemistry Seminar. 1 credit, 1 hour. Topics of interestin chemistry and biochemistry are presented by members of thescientific community. (May be repeated for a total of four credits.)PREREQ: CHE 168. PRE- or COREQ: CHE 232.CHE 451: Advanced Laboratory Techniques. 4 hours, 2 credits;6 hours, 3 credits; or 8 hours, 4 credits. PREREQ: CHE 234 and344. PRE- or COREQ: CHE 442.CHE 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, and 464: Advanced Topics inChemistry. Each 3 hours, 3 credits. Opportunity for in-depthstudy of topics in chemistry. (Topics will be announced in advance.)PREREQ: CHE 344, one 300- or 400-level CHE course inthe area(s) of interest, and Departmental permission.454: Studies in Analytical Chemistry456: Studies in Biochemistry458: Studies in Inorganic Chemistry460: Studies in Organic Chemistry462: Studies in Physical Chemistry464: Intradisciplinary StudiesCHE 491: Chemical Research. 9 hours (1, conference; 8, lab),3 credits (maximum 6 credits). (Limited to students majoring inchemistry or biochemistry.) This course is designed to enable theadvanced student to pursue an investigation of some topic ofcommon interest to the student and a faculty member of theDepartment. A written research report is required each semester.PREREQ: CHE 234-235, or 344, or 334, and Departmental permission.Note: Satisfactory completion of 3 credits of CHE 491 is oneof the requirements for Departmental honors. The total credits receivedfor CHE 491 and 391 may not exceed 9.86 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

The City and the HumanitiesDirector: Earl Fendelman (Carman Hall, Room 273)“The City and the Humanities” offers a program of courses thatexplore the relations between an urban environment, the humanities,and the arts. Students in this program attend weeklylectures, screenings, and performances on campus, visit a varietyof cultural institutions in New York City, and engage in supervised,humanities-related internships.Courses in The City and theHumanitiesHUM 135: Introduction to the Performing Arts. 3 hours,3 credits. Appreciation of the performing arts by attending theatre,music, dance, and opera at Lehman Center for the PerformingArts, as well as lectures, demonstrations, and a weekly twohourseminar devoted to research of art forms and backgrounds,evaluation of performances, and development of critical standardsthat will lead to life enrichment through continuing enjoymentof the performing arts.HUM 150: The City and the Humanities I. 1 hour, 1 credit.A series of lectures, films, and live performances of music, theatre,and dance, designed to introduce students to the role of thearts in an urban setting. The lectures present a chronologicalstudy of the city and the humanities from classical Athens toNew York City today.HUM 155: The City and the Humanities II. 3 hours, 3 credits.(May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.) A city and its culture asseen through literature, theatre, music, history, art, and architecture.An interdepartmental team-taught course. Intended primarilyfor students who have completed fewer than 60 credits. PREorCOREQ: HUM 150.HUM 235: Opera as Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of thedifferent components of opera and the relationship betweenliterary themes and their operatic versions.HUM 250: The City and the Theatre. 3 hours, 3 credits. Dramaas theatre and as a mirror of the city from the Greeks to the present.Readings of classical, Renaissance, and modern plays in thecontext of the history of the development of Western theatre,with special emphasis on critical vocabulary and dramatic techniques.Students will attend live performances at Lehman as wellas at Broadway and Off-Broadway theatres.HUM 255: Foundations in The City and the Humanities.3 hours, 3 credits. (May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.) An intensivestudy of selected subjects in the humanities and performingarts that will draw on the cultural resources of New YorkCity, including the arts complex on Lehman's campus. PRE- orCOREQ: HUM 150 and COR 100.HUM 355: Selected Topics in The City and the Humanities.2 hours plus field experience, 3 credits. (May be repeated for a total of6 credits.) PREREQ: Permission of instructor.HUM 356: Interdisciplinary Topics in The City and the Humanities.3 or 4 hours plus field experience, 5 or 6 credits. (Maybe repeated for a total of 12 credits.) PREREQ: Permission ofinstructor.HUM 450: Selected Problems in the Humanities. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 6 credits).HUM 470: Humanities Internship. 2 days per week plus biweeklyconferences, 5 credits. Supervised work in both public agenciesand private businesses that requires the skills derived from thefine and liberal arts. Interns will write, edit, translate, assist instage productions, do layouts, be apprentices in a studio, beresearch aides, or help to organize theatre and art projects. Theprogram offers students practical experience in a wide range ofcareers to which a humanities education may lead. The coursemay be repeated once under special circumstances and withapproval of the Internships Screening and Evaluation Committee.Grading will be on a Pass/Fail basis. PREREQ: Satisfactorycompletion of 75 college credits and approval of the InternshipScreening and Evaluation Committee.HUM 481: Advanced Individual Tutorial Project in The Cityand the Humanities. 3 hours, 3 credits. (May be repeated for atotal of 6 credits.) Advanced research culminating in a researchpaper or in a visual or performing arts project in The City andthe Humanities Program, under faculty direction. PREREQ: Satisfactorycompletion of a 300-level course in The City and theHumanities or permission of the Program Director.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 87

Comparative Literature (Interdepartmental)Director: Associate Professor Carmen Esteves (Languages & Literatures)Advisory Council: Professor Bruce Byland (Anthropology), Professor MariaDiPaolo (Languages and Literatures), Professor Oscar Montero (Languagesand Literatures), Professor Thomas Spear (Languages and Literatures),and Associate Professor Scott Westrem (English).Participating Departments: Anthropology; English; History; Languages andLiteratures; Latin American and Puerto Rican Studies; and Philosophy.Participating Programs: Italian-American Studies, Latin American,Caribbean, and Puerto Rican Studies, and Women's Studies.The Interdepartmental major in Comparative Literature leads tothe Bachelor of Arts degree. Comparative Literature investigatesliterary works from the perspective of more than one nationalliterature; works are often studied in conjunction with otherintellectual disciplines, such as anthropology, the arts, history,and philosophy. Traditionally, comparatists have focused onliterary movements, genres, and historical periods, and on thehistory of literary themes and ideas, primarily within the contextof Western literatures. More recently, comparatists have becomeinterested in emergent and non-Western literatures, in “minor”genres like biography, in the history of education and the theoryof reading, in women's studies, and in literary theory. The majorin Comparative Literature is approved for students minoring inEarly Childhood and Childhood Education.Courses in Comparative LiteratureCLT 360: Variable Topics in Comparative Literature. 3 hours, 3credits. Various topics in Comparative Literature. PREREQ: IDW(CLT) 211 and 212 or ENG 347 and 348, IDW 213, and one ofthe following introductions to literary study: ENG 303, SPA 300,FRE 300, or ITA 300.CLT 481: Honors Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits (limited tostudents in the Comparative Literature Honors Program). Individualresearch and completion of an honors paper on a ComparativeLiterature topic, under supervision of the director of theComparative Literature program or a member of the AdvisoryCouncil. PREREQ: IDW (CLT) 211 and 212 or ENG 347 and348, and one of the following introductions to literary study:ENG 303, SPA 300, FRE 300, or ITA 300; permission of the programdirector.ProgramsCurricular Program and DesignThe Comparative Literature major begins with a pair of foundationcourses in world classics, studied either historically or bygenre. An introductory course in the methods of literary studyand criticism is provided by the department of the student'sprincipal language specialization. In addition to a selection ofelectives chosen from participating departments and programs,the student must take at least four literature courses above the200 level in which works are read in the original language, withno more than two of these courses in any language.Courses should be selected to provide a coherent program ofstudy focused around a particular historical period, literarygenre, or geographical area. Students have a great deal of flexibilityin selecting coherent courses from participating departmentsand programs. Each student will be assigned an adviser from oneof the participating departments or programs who will helpdefine and coordinate the student's program of study. A ComparativeLiterature seminar completes the program.30-TO-31-CREDIT MAJOR IN COMPARATIVE LITERATURE, B.A.The required credits are distributed as follows:Credits (30-31)9 In foundation courses: In order to gain a shared background inWestern and non-Western literary classics, all students mustselect one of two linked pairs of foundation courses, and IDW213. The first pair is organized by historical periods and consistsof IDW (CLT) 211 and 212. The alternate pair is organized byliterary genre and consists of ENG 347 and 348. For course descriptions,see the descriptions later in this Bulletin under Englishand World Classics.3-4 Introduction to Literary Studies: The student must take one ofthe following courses on the methods of literary study: ENG303, SPA 300, FRE 300, or ITA 300. Students should select acourse directly relevant to the advanced literature courses chosenin the 9-credit section below. For example, students planning totake 300- or 400-level courses in English Literature and SpanishLiterature should take either ENG 303 or SPA 300 to satisfy thisrequirement.6 In language courses: The two courses may be chosen from:SPV 246: Introduction to LinguisticsENG 304: The Structure of Modern English ComparativeGrammarEnglish-French FRE 310English-Italian ITA 310English-Portuguese POR 310English-Spanish SPA 310English-German GER 310English-Russian RUS 310English-Japanese JAL 3109 Elective Courses: The three courses must be chosen from advanced300-400-level literature courses read in the original language.These courses must be in no more than two languages.Students should select courses that enable them to concentrateon a particular historical period (e.g., the nineteenth century), aliterary genre (e.g., the novel, etc.), or a geographical area (e.g.,the Caribbean, Latin America). Honors students must take CLT481 as one of their three elective courses. For students minoringin Early Childhood and Childhood Education, one of theseelective courses must deal with children's literature.3 Seminar: CLT 36088 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN COMPARATIVELITERATURE (12 CREDITS)The minor in Comparative Literature allows a student to buildan interdisciplinary concentration of courses focused on a specifichistorical period, literary genre, or geographical area. Literaturemajors may use the minor to study works in a secondlanguage read in the original language or in translation, or toenrich their study of literature in their major by adding relevantcourses from participating departments and programs, such asAnthropology, African and African American Studies, History,Philosophy, Theatre, or Women's Studies. Literature majors areencouraged to take ENG 306: Literary Criticism. Non-literaturemajors may use the minor as a way of studying literature, read inthe original language or in translation, from both literary andinterdisciplinary perspectives. Non-literature majors are encouragedto take IDW (CLT) 211 and 212, or ENG 347 and 348. Tosatisfy requirements for the Comparative Literature minor, studentsmust complete four courses (12 credits) selected from theparticipating departments and programs, two at the 200 level orabove, and two at the 300 level or above. At least two of thesecourses (including one course above the 200 level) must beliterature courses. The minor must include works from morethan one national literature. Courses should be selected to allowconcentration on a specific historical period, literary genre, orgeographical area. One course may be from the student's majordepartment, but the credits must be separate from creditscounted for the major. Each student's plan of study must beapproved by a Comparative Literature adviser.HONORS IN COMPARATIVE LITERATUREHonors in Comparative Literature may be conferred on a studentwho has satisfied the College's requirement for departmentalhonors at the time of graduation and has completed CLT481: Honors Tutorial.Cooperative EducationDirector: Nancy Cintron (Shuster Hall, Room 254)Cooperative education is an educational process in which students,employers, and Lehman College cooperate in relating aliberal arts education to the world of work. The program is basedupon the concept that preparation for a student's future career ismost effective when academic courses are closely integrated withrelevant work experiences through internships. Students in theLehman College Cooperative Education Program benefit fromcareer exploration, work experience, financial earnings, andreassurance that a continued pursuit of a liberal arts programmay enhance future employment prospects. For students withclearly defined professional goals, the internship experience maybe a series of assignments with increasing responsibility withintheir chosen career field. For students in the liberal arts, the workexperience will provide an opportunity to explore different careeroptions and to discover for themselves that skills associatedwith a liberal arts education, such as analytical thinking, goodspoken and written communication, and effective human relations,have practical value in the world of work.ProgramThe Cooperative Education Program provides students with academicand career advisement from the time of the student's initialenrollment in the program until graduation. Students enrolled inthe Lehman College Cooperative Education Program take thefollowing three courses for elective credit:CED 105: Introduction to Cooperative EducationCED 270: Social Process and Career Development in the WorkEnvironmentCED 355: Academic Perspectives on the World of WorkThere are two types of internship placements available:• Alternate Placement. A student is employed full time during anentire semester and returns to full-time study the followingsemester. While employed, the student must register for a parttimeprogram of courses, including either CED 270 or CED 355.• Parallel Placement. A student is employed part time (for aminimum of 15 hours per week), while continuing in a fullacademic program that includes either CED 270 or CED 355.ADMISSION REQUIREMENTSStudents must have completed 15 credits, have a minimumcumulative index of 2.5, and have passed all the skillsassessmentexaminations. For further information about theprogram, contact Career Services at 718-960-8366.COURSES IN COOPERATIVE EDUCATION*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*CED 105: Introduction to Cooperative Education and CareerDevelopment. 2 hours, 2 credits. An introductory course for studentsinterested in cooperative education, internships, and careerdevelopment. The course will examine individual andsocietal attitudes toward work, introduce concepts of the workethic, and explore career options. A goal of the course is successfuljob placement as part of the Cooperative Education Programor in other Lehman internship programs.*CED 270: Social Processes in the Work Environment. 4 hours,4 credits. Required of all Cooperative Education students concurrentwith their first job placement. Topics include individual andgroup dynamics in work organizations and their application,evaluation of the current work experience and its connection tothe academic program, and assessment and analysis of relationsbetween the employee and the employer. Individual conferences.PREREQ: CED 105 or permission of the instructor.*CED 355: Academic Perspectives on the World of Work.3 hours, 3 credits. (May be taken for a total of 6 credits.) PREREQ:CED 270 or permission of the instructor.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 89

Early Childhood and Childhood EducationChair: Abigail S. McNamee (Carman Hall, Room B-32A)Coordinators, Early Childhood Education: Abigail McNamee andNancy Maldonado (Carman Hall, Room B-15)Coordinators, Childhood Education: Alexandria Lawrence Ross(Carman Hall, Room B-43)Department Faculty and Staff:Professors: Abigail McNamee, Anne L. Rothstein, Helene Silverman;Associate Professors: Nancy Dubetz, Alexandria Lawrence Ross,Nancy Maldonado, Marietta Saravia-Shore; Assistant Professors:Cecilia Espinosa, Christy Folsom, Jeanne Peloso, M. Victoria Rodríguez,Andrea Zakin; Instructors: Rogelio FernandezThe Department of Early Childhood and Childhood Education(E.C.C.E.) offers a 12-credit minor for any student who is interestedin learning about the field of urban education, as well asteaching certification programs for the student who plans to seeka Lehman endorsement for an initial teaching certificate. Fourprograms offer initial teaching certificates: Early Childhood;Early Childhood-Integration of Bilingual Extension; Childhood;and Childhood-Integration of Bilingual Extension.The Lehman Urban Teacher Education (LUTE) ConceptualFramework that guides these teacher education programs wasdeveloped by faculty to provide a philosophical base for thefaculty’s work as teacher educators. It delineates what is valuedby the Department as well as how teaching practices within theDepartment reflect those values. The Department’s mission is toprepare competent, qualified, ethical, and reflective professionalsfor service to diverse communities. Within CUNY's traditionof access and excellence and Lehman's mission of service to theurban community, it is expected that teachers who study in theseprograms will bring respect for knowledge, diversity, caring, andjustice to their work with children, families, colleagues, and localorganizations that comprise the Lehman community.Teacher Certification: New undergraduate programs, designedto meet New York State teacher certification requirements, wentinto effect for students entering undergraduate teacher educationprograms as of September 1, 2001. Upon completion of one ofthe following programs, and achieving passing scores in requiredNew York State teacher certification examinations, the studentwill have satisfied State requirements for Initial Certification inone of the following programs: Early Childhood; Early Childhood-Integrationof Bilingual Extension; Childhood; or Childhood-IntegrationBilingual Extension.A student can acquire a New York State initial teaching certificatewhen he or she has successfully completed the following:• all core and distribution requirements and a recommendedliberal arts major;• a 12-credit Early Childhood and Childhood Education(E.C.C.E.) minor;• a certification sequence of professional coursework;• professional practice (student teaching and student teachingseminar); and• passing scores on required NYS teacher certification examinations:N.Y.S. L.A.S.T. examination, N.Y.S. C.S.T. examination,and N.Y.S. A.T.S.-W. examination.Note: While undergraduate courses in Business Education still appearin the catalog, the undergraduate program in Business Education is nolonger offered. Changes in program requirements designated by theNew York State Education Department for Teacher, Counselor and/orAdministrator certifications occur from time to time. As such, studentsare advised to consult the office of the Division of Education, RoomB-33 of Carman Hall, to determine the most current program requirementsfor certification. Students not seeking an institutionalrecommendation but who intend to apply independently for certificationshould consult with a departmental adviser prior to registrationso that a course of study fulfilling state requirements may be planned.New York State may at some point end the independent transcriptreview route to certification. Students should consult the New YorkState Education Department website for updates or may check withthe Division of Education's Certification Office to determine if achange in this policy has been adoptedEXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PROVISIONALCERTIFICATIONThe N.Y.S. Teacher Certification Examination for provisional certificationconsists of two separate parts, the L.A.S.T. and the A.T.S.-W. Candidates taking the L.A.S.T. will be asked to demonstrateconceptual and analytical abilities, critical thinking and communicationskills, and multicultural awareness on a four-hour writtentest (multiple-choice and essay) covering historical and socialscientific consciousness, scientific and mathematical processes,artistic expression, and the humanities.Candidates taking the A.T.S.-W. will be asked to demonstratein a combined essay and multiple-choice test:• knowledge of the learner;• knowledge of instructional planning and assessment;• knowledge of instructional delivery; and• understanding of the professional environment.THE DEPARTMENT MINORStudents who wish to register for the 12-credit E.C.C.E. minormust have successfully completed College entrance requirementsas well as English and math requirements.The required courses and credits in the E.C.C.E. minor are asfollows:• ECE 300: Education in Historical, Political, and SocioculturalContexts—Birth to Grade 6 (3 credits);• ECE 301: The Child in Context: Child Study and Development-Birthto Grade 6 (3 credits);• ECE 302: Child, Family, Community, and Schools in SocioculturalContexts—Birth to Grade 6 (3 credits); and• ECE 311: The Teaching Profession-Birth to Grade 6 (3 credits).The Certification SequencesEach certification sequence begins with professional courseworkthat is followed by professional practice. To begin professionalcoursework or professional practice, students must meet specificprerequisite requirements.Requirements for Professional CourseworkProfessional coursework includes courses focusing on teaching avariety of content areas at the early-childhood level (Birth toGrade 2) or at the childhood level (Grades 1 to 6). Additionally,students can elect a program at either level with an integratedbilingual extension.90 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Students who plan to enter a teacher certification program inthe Department must see an undergraduate adviser to obtaininformation regarding both the recommended general educationsequence and recommended liberal arts majors prior to theirfirst Lehman registration. Students who wish to register for professionalcoursework in one of the four teacher certificationsequences must meet the following requirements:• Completion of the College's general core and distributionrequirements, with the following specifications and additions:• Arts Requirement: One course in Art and one course in Musicapproved by an ECCE advisor;• Math requirement: MAT 123 and 132, or an equivalent approvedby an E.C.C.E. advisor;• Science Requirement: Eight credits of natural science fromCHE 136, BIO 150, PHY 135, and GEO 166, or an equivalentapproved by an E.C.C.E. advisor;• Declaration of a recommended major for E.C.C.E. teachereducation;• Completion of the 12-credit E.C.C.E. minor;• A minimum of 2.75 overall index;• Completion of a written Departmental application for thecertification sequence of choice; and• Submission of scores for the New York State L.A.S.T. examinationfor advisement purposes.Requirements for Professional Practice:Students who successfully complete the minor and the professionalcoursework in the certification sequences are eligible toregister for professional practice (supervised student teaching) ifthe following requirements are met:• Completion of the E.C.C.E. minor and professional courseworkin literacy/social studies and math/art with a combinedminimum 3.0 G.P.A.;• Completion of a recommended liberal arts and sciences majorwith a minimum 3.0 G.P.A.;• Completion of a written application to student teach;• Presentation of a pre-professional portfolio (guidelines availablein the E.C.C.E. Department office)• Submission of the student’s score on the New York StateC.S.T. exam for advisement purposes; and• Submission of the student’s score on the New York StateA.T.S.-W. examination for advisement purposes.THE EARLY CHILDHOOD CERTIFICATION SEQUENCES(BIRTH TO GRADE 2)The Department of Early Childhood and Childhood Educationoffers an undergraduate program in Early Childhood Educationthat leads to Initial Certification. It is intended for students whowish to teach young children in nursery schools, day-care centers,or public schools through grade 2.The major objective of the program in Early Childhood is toprovide pre-service teachers with a beginning focus on earlychildhood philosophy, trends, curriculum, methods, materials,and research in the field of early childhood education (Birth toGrade 2).The course of study reflects an integrated curriculum thatprovides an educational model based on child development andchild study principles, New York State Education Departmentstandards and core curriculum in each academic area, and NationalCouncil for the Accreditation of Teacher Education standardsas described by the National Association for the Educationof Young Children.The required courses and credits are as follows:• Professional Coursework (12 credits): ECE 431 (4), ECE 432(4), ECE 433 (4)• Professional Practice (6 credits): ECE 481 (4), ECE 483 (2)EARLY CHILDHOOD CERTIFICATION SEQUENCE—INTEGRATED BILINGUAL EXTENSION (BIRTH TO GRADE 2)The program in Early Childhood—Integration of Bilingual Extensionadds an extension to the Initial Certificate for teachingyoung children in bilingual settings. The required courses andcredits are the same as the above program with the followingexceptions:The following courses are replaced:• ECE 430 (4) replaces ECE 431 (4)• ECE 482 (4) replaces ECE 481 (4)The following courses are added:• ECE 427 (3)• LNG 160 (3) or SPV(LNG) 312 (3)CHILDHOOD CERTIFICATION SEQUENCE (GRADES 1 TO 6)The Department of Early Childhood and Childhood Educationoffers an undergraduate program in Childhood Education thatleads to Initial Certification. It is intended for students who wishto teach children in grades 1 to 6.The major objective of the program in Childhood Educationis to provide preservice teachers with a focus on childhood philosophy,trends, curriculum, methods, materials, and research inthe field of childhood education (Grades 1 to 6). The course ofstudy reflects an integrated curriculum that provides an educationalmodel based on child development and child study principles,New York State Education Department standards and corecurriculum in each academic area, National Council for theAccreditation of Teacher Education standards as described by theAssociation for Childhood Education International.The required courses and credits are as follows:• Professional Coursework (12 credits): DEC 431 (4), DEC 432(4), DEC 433 (4)• Professional Practice (6 credits): DEC 481 (4), ECE 483 (2)CHILDHOOD—INTEGRATED BILINGUAL EXTENSION(GRADES 1 TO 6)The program in Childhood—Integration of Bilingual Extensionadds an extension to the Initial Certificate for teaching in bilingualclassroom settings. The required courses and credits are thesame as the above program with the following exceptions:The following courses are replaced:• DEC 430 (4) replaces DEC 431 (4)• DEC 482 (4) replaces DEC 481 (4)The following courses are added:• ECE 427 (3)• LNG 160 (3) or SPV (LNG) 312 (3)LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 91

Courses in Early ChildhoodEducation*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.ECE 300: Education in Historical, Political, and SocioculturalContexts—Birth to Grade 6. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the historical,political, and sociocultural contexts of urban educationand the relationship between social change and change inschools. Emphasis on bilingual/bicultural, multicultural, andspecial education at early childhood and childhood levels. Useof media and technology as appropriate. Note: Requires visits toearly childhood and childhood settings with diverse populations andcontrasting social and economic environments and the development ofan academic portfolio.ECE 301: The Child in Context: Child Study and Development—Birthto Grade 6. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of theories ofdevelopment and learning from birth through childhood andtheir application to early childhood, childhood, bilingual, andinclusive settings. Emphasis on child observation and study inmulticultural, multilingual settings, and language acquisitionin first and second languages. Use of media and technology asappropriate. Note: Requires visits to early childhood and childhood settingswith diverse populations and contrasting social and economic environmentsand the development of an academic portfolio.ECE 302: Children, Families, Communities, and Schools inSociocultural Contexts-Birth to Grade 6. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of the sociocultural contexts of urban communities,schools, and community-based organizations and the impact ofthese contexts on children. Emphasis on how schooling is perceivedby children, families, and communities. Use of mediaand technology as appropriate. Note: Requires visits to early childhoodand childhood settings with diverse populations and contrastingsocial and economic environments and the development of an academicportfolio.ECE 311: The Teaching Profession—Birth to Grade 6. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of the professional lives of teachers and the diverseroles they assume in urban schools. Work with teachers in developingchildren's multiple literacies, including linguistic, mathematical,technological, artistic, and musical, with an emphasis on how childrenuse oral and written language to communicate and constructmeaning; emphasis on how communities of learners are created.Use of media and technology as appropriate. PREREQ: Successfulcompletion of at least six credits in the E.C.C.E. minor. Note: Requiresvisits to early childhood and childhood settings with diverse populationsand contrasting social and economic environments and the development ofan academic portfolio.ECE 350: Special Studies in Elementary Education. 1-3 hours,1-3 credits. (May be reelected for credit with permission of Departmentalchair; topics to appear on transcript.) Investigation oftheories, issues, methods, materials, and curriculum practices inN-VI educational settings; topics and credits to vary and be announcedeach semester. PREREQ: Departmental permission.Note: Credits earned in this course will apply to New York State certificationonly upon individual evaluation.*ECE 402: Teaching History and Social Studies in the ElementarySchool (N-VI). 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, fieldwork), 3 credits. Theselection, guidance, and evaluation of learning ex-periences inrelation to the objectives of the program in nursery schoolthrough Grade VI, with specific emphasis on methods and materialsin the areas of history and the social sciences: classroomorganization, planning, and evaluation; guided observations.Opportunity for the students to tutor in public schools. Studentswill participate in supervised field experiences. PREREQ: BBE92 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009301 or ECE 301 and successful completion of the Requirementin Oral English. Note: No student may receive credit for both ECE442 and 402.*ECE 403: Teaching Science in the Elementary School (N-VI).4 hours, 3 credits. A course designed to acquaint students with thecontent and objectives of the early childhood and elementary schoolscience curricula and the methods, materials, and resources appropriatefor teaching N-VI. PREREQ: Either ECE 301 or 321 and successfulcompletion of the Requirement in Oral English. Note: Nostudent may receive credit for both ECE 403 and 441.*ECE 404: Teaching Mathematics in the Elementary School (N-VI). 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, fieldwork), 3 credits. Contemporary approachesto the organization and teaching of mathematics in theelementary school. Teaching for understanding, lesson planning,and evaluation of mathematics learning, and appropriate remedialand enrichment experiences. References to curriculum material,syllabi, sources, and research reports. Students will participate insupervised field experiences. PREREQ: Either ECE 301 or BBE 301,ECE 416, or equivalents; a passing grade on the DepartmentalMathematics Competency Examination and completion of theRequirement in Oral English. Note: No student may receive credit forboth ECE 404 and 322.*ECE 405: Art in Elementary School (N-VI). 4 hours (2, lecture;2, fieldwork), 3 credits. Exploration of a variety of art media. Developmentof individual competencies in these media. Principles,methods, and classroom organization and planning foreffective instruction. Students will participate in supervised fieldexperiences. PREREQ: Either BBE 301, ECE 301, or 321. Note: Nostudent may receive credit for both ECE 405 and 443.*ECE 414: Methods and Materials in Early Childhood I.3 hours, 3 credits. (Constitutes a two-semester sequence with ECE415.) Study of the mental, social, emotional, and cognitiveneeds, interests, and experiences of children (three through fiveyears of age) as the basis for developing suitable programs andfor formulation of criteria for the selection and evaluation ofmaterials, as well as for the creation of an appropriate environment.The course will develop specific methods and content inthe teaching of social studies, science, arithmetic, and languagearts. Health, nutrition, sexuality, and safety in early childhoodwill be included. Students will spend time in laboratory, directedobservation, or other supervised field experiences.*ECE 415: Methods and Materials of Early Childhood II.3 hours, 3 credits. Continuation of ECE 414. Emphasis will be onprimary grades.*ECE 416: Methods of Teaching Reading in the PrimaryGrades (N-III). 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, fieldwork), 3 credits. A studyof research in reading and reading methodology, including readingreadiness, development of meaning and sight vocabularies,structural and phonetic analysis, formal and informal techniquesand measures for assessing pupil needs, organizational patternsfor group and/or individual instruction, and beginning readingexperiences and/or materials. Integration of research with classroomexperience. Students will participate in supervised fieldexperiences. PREREQ: ECE 301 or BBE 301 or the equivalent; andcompletion of the Requirement in Oral English. Note: No studentmay receive credit for both ECE 416 and 321.*ECE 419: Planning Pre-Kindergarten Programs and Kindergarten.2 hours, 2 credits. (Recommended for Early Childhood students.)Child development experiences and activities that serve asthe basic framework for planning consistent and continuous programsin nursery school and kindergarten. References are made topublic and private schools, day-care centers, Head Start, childdevelopmentcenters, and current program trends in early childhoodeducation. PREREQ: ECE 414.

*ECE 420: Methods of Teaching Reading in the Middle Grades(IV-VI). 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, fieldwork), 3 credits. A study ofresearch in reading and reading methodology, including primarygrade skills development for middle-grade pupils; enlargementof meaning and recognition vocabularies; development of studyskills, critical reading, and content reading; formal and informaltechniques and measures for assessing pupil needs; organizationalpatterns for group and/or individual instruction; andmiddle-grade reading experiences and/or materials. Integrationof research with classroom experience. Students will participatein supervised field experiences. PREREQ: ECE 301 and 416 andcompletion of the Requirement in Oral English. Note: No studentmay receive credit for both ECE 420 and 322.ECE 427: Teaching of English as a Second Language (N-VI).3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and materials of teaching English tochildren (N-VI) whose native language is not English. Attentionwill be directed to problems of language, cultural orientation,and the various techniques for teaching children of different agelevels and lifestyles. PREREQ: ECE 301, ECE 321, or BBE 301.Note: No student may receive credit for both ECE 427 and ESC 405.*ECE 429: Introduction to Parent/Teacher/Child Relationshipsin Early Childhood Settings. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of parent/teacher/childrelationships in the early childhood program.The development of constructive relationships among parent,teacher, and child. PREREQ: ECE 414.ECE 430: Literacy and Social Studies in Early Childhood BilingualEducation—Birth to Grade 2. 7 hours (4 hours, fieldwork;3 hours, lecture), 4 credits. Exploration of the diverse ways thatinfants, toddlers, and young bilingual, bicultural children developlanguage and literacy and an understanding of basic humanneeds and human interdependence in family, early care,and school settings. Assessment and instruction in the native andsecond languages within an integrated curriculum. Use of technologyand media as appropriate. PREREQ: Successful completionof Requirements for Professional Coursework (see the precedinginformation). Note: Requires visits to early childhood and childhoodsettings with diverse populations and contrasting social and economicenvironments and the development of an academic portfolio.ECE 431: Literacy and Social Studies in Early Childhood Education—Birthto Grade 2. 7 hours (4 hours, fieldwork; 3 hours,lecture), 4 credits. Exploration of the ways in which young childrendevelop language and literacy and an understanding ofbasic human needs and interdependence in family, early care,and school settings. Assessment and instructional strategieswithin an integrated curriculum. Use of technology as appropriate.PREREQ: Successful completion of Requirements for ProfessionalCoursework (see the preceding information). Note:Requires visits to early childhood and childhood settings with diversepopulations and contrasting social and economic environments andthe development of an academic portfolio. No student can receivecredit for both ECE 431 and DEC 431.ECE 432: Mathematics and Art in Early Childhood Education—Birthto Grade 2. 7 hours (4 hours, fieldwork;3 hours, lecture), 4 credits. Exploration of the ways in whichyoung children develop an understanding of mathematical conceptsand art in family, early care, and school settings. Approachesto formal and informal assessment of children'sdevelopment in mathematics and art in an integrated curriculum.Use of media and technology as appropriate. PREREQ:Successful completion of Requirements for Professional Coursework(see the preceding information). Note: Requires visits to earlyto early childhood and childhood settings with diverse populations andcontrasting social and economic environments and the development ofan academic portfolio. No student can receive credit for both ECE 432and DEC 432.ECE 433 Science and Music in Early Childhood Education—Birth to Grade 2. 7 hours (4 hours, fieldwork; 3 hours, lecture),4 credits. Exploration of the ways young children develop scienceand music literacies in family, early care, and school settings. Applicationof assessment and instructional strategies, media, andtechnology in an integrated curriculum. PREREQ: Successful completionof Requirements for Professional Coursework (see thepreceding information). Note: Requires visits to early childhood andchildhood settings with diverse populations and contrasting social andeconomic environments and the development of an academic portfolio.No student can receive credit for both ECE 433 and DEC 433.*ECE 444: Music in the Elementary School (N-VI). 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, fieldwork), 3 credits. Exploration of the musicalliterature appropriate for children in this age group. Developmentof the ability to learn new songs independently and to transcribesimple original melodies. Methods and materials ofinstruction in a program, including singing, playing, dancing,listening, music reading, creating, and the use of instruments.Students will participate in supervised field experiences. PREREQ:Either BBE 301, ECE 301, or 321. Note: No student may receivecredit for both ECE 444 and ECE 443.*ECE 445: Physical Education in the Elementary School(N-VI). 3 hours, 2 credits. The development of competencies,together with the methods and materials of instruction in physicaleducation, which include health, safety procedures, creativerhythmic activities, games, folk and square dancing, and athletics.PREREQ: One semester of physical education and currentphysical-activity card.ECE 481: Supervised Student Teaching—PreK to Grade 2. 300clock hours, 4 credits. Student teaching in varied settings thatinclude culturally diverse populations, students with disabilities,and students of different age/grade levels (pre-K, K, and grades1-2). Requires five full days each week in a school or early childhoodsetting. PREREQ: Successful completion of Departmentalminor, ECE 431, ECE 432, and Requirements for ProfessionalPractice (see the preceding information). COREQ: ECE 483:Student Teaching Seminar.ECE 482: Supervised Student Teaching in Bilingual Settings—Pre K-Grade 2. 300 clock hours, 4 credits. Student teaching invaried settings that include culturally diverse populations, studentswith disabilities, and students of different age/grade levels(pre-K, K, and grades 1-2) in bilingual settings. Requires five fulldays each week in a school or early childhood setting. PREREQ:Successful completion of Departmental minor, ECE 430, ECE432, and Requirements for Professional Practice (see the precedinginformation). COREQ: ECE 483: Student Teaching Seminar.ECE 483: Student Teaching Seminar. 2 hours, 2 credits. Examinationof the complexities of teaching. Emphases on developingreflective practice, promoting good health and safety, implementingstrategies for conflict resolution and violence prevention,and identifying child abuse or substance abuse. PREREQ:Successful completion of Requirements for Professional Practice(see the preceding information). COREQ: Supervised StudentTeaching.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 93

Courses in Childhood EducationDEC 430: Social Studies and Literacy in Bilingual ChildhoodSettings—Grades 1-6. 7 hours (4 hours, fieldwork; 3 hours, lecture),4 credits. Exploration of the diverse ways that bilingual,bicultural children develop language and literacy and an understandingof basic human needs and human interdependence ingrades 1-6. Assessment and instruction within an integratedcurriculum in the native and second languages. Use of mediaand technology within an integrated curriculum as appropriate.Prerequisites: Successful completion of Requirements for ProfessionalCoursework (see the preceding information). Note: Requiresvisits to early childhood and childhood settings with diversepopulations and contrasting social and economic environments andthe development of an academic portfolio. Students cannot receivecredit for both DEC 431 and DEC 430.DEC 431: Literacy and the Social Studies in Childhood Settings—Grades1-6. 7 hours (4 hours, fieldwork; 3 hours, lecture),4 credits. Exploration of the ways in which children developlanguage and literacy and an understanding of basic humanneeds and human interdependence in grades 1-6. Approaches toliteracy and the social studies assessment and instructionalstrategies within an integrated curriculum. Use of technology asappropriate. PREREQ: Successful completion of Requirementsfor Professional Coursework (see the preceding information).Note: Requires visits to early childhood and childhood settings withdiverse populations and contrasting social and economic environmentsand the development of an academic portfolio. No student can receivecredit for both ECE 431 and DEC 431.DEC 432: Mathematics and Art in Childhood Settings—Grades 1-6. 7 hours (4 hours, fieldwork; 3 hours, lecture), 4 credits.Exploration of the ways in which children develop an understandingof mathematical concepts and art in grades 1-6. Approachesto formal and informal assessment of children'sdevelopment in mathematics and art to insure continuous developmentof problem-solving processes and expression of ideasin both mathematics and art. Use of technology as appropriate.PREREQ: Successful completion of Requirements for ProfessionalCoursework (see the preceding information). Note: Requiresvisits to early childhood and childhood settings with diversepopulations and contrasting social and economic environments andthe development of an academic portfolio. No student can receivecredit for both ECE 432 and DEC 432.DEC 433: Science and Music in Childhood Settings—Grades 1-6. 7 hours (4 hours, fieldwork; 3 hours, lecture), 4 credits.Exploration of the ways young children develop science andmusic literacy in grades 1-6. Application of assessment and instructionalstrategies, and media and technology in an integratedcurriculum. PREREQ: Successful completion of Requirements forProfessional Coursework (see the preceding information). Note:Requires visits to early childhood and childhood settings with diversepopulations and contrasting social and economic environments andthe development of an academic portfolio. No student can receivecredit for both ECE 433 and DEC 433.DEC 481: Supervised Student Teaching—Grades 1-6. 300 clockhours, 4 credits. Student teaching in varied settings that includeculturally diverse populations, students with disabilities, andstudents of different age/grade levels (1-6). Requires five fulldays each week in a school setting. PREREQ: Successful completionof Departmental minor, ECE 431, ECE 432, and Requirementsfor Professional Practice (see the preceding information).COREQ: ECE 483: Student Teaching Seminar.DEC 482: Supervised Student Teaching in Bilingual Settings—Grades 1-6. 300 clock hours, 4 credits. Clinical experience in bilingualsettings that include students with disabilities and studentsof different age/grade levels (Grades 1-6). Requires five fulldays each week in the school placement. PREREQ: Successfulcompletion of Requirements for Professional Practice (see thepreceding information). COREQ: ECE 483: Student TeachingSeminar.94 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Economics, Accounting, and Business AdministrationChair: Chanoch Shreiber (Carman Hall, Room 377)Adviser: Itzhak Sharav (Carman Hall, Room 374)Department Faculty: Professors: John Cirace, Oscar Fisch, ItzhakSharav, Chanoch Shreiber; Associate Professors: Orhan Kayaalp;Assistant Professors: Jaspal Chatha, Judith Fields, Susan Honig, DeneHurley, Michelle Kamen-Friedman, James Kraus; Lecturers: Kuk-SooChung, Anthony Murrell, Ada Rodriguez, Marshall Ross, LindaTauberThe Department offers four majors: B.A. in Economics; B.A. in Accounting;B.S. in Accounting (which fulfills the educational requirementsfor a New York State C.P.A.); and Bachelor of BusinessAdministration (B.B.A).Career Opportunities: The degree programs offered by the Departmentof Economics, Accounting, and Business Administration are designedto equip students with necessary competencies for successfulcareers in business enterprises, government or non-profit organizations,education, and research.Preparation for Graduate Study: Students planning graduate study ineconomics, accounting, business administration, law, or any relevantacademic or professional field should contact Departmentaladvisers.Programs of Study30-CREDIT MAJOR IN ECONOMICS, B.A.This major provides an understanding of the structures, processes,and trends in the private and public economy and also providesacademic and technical training in the analysis and handling ofeconomic problems.The requirements for a B.A. in Economics are:Credits (30)12 In economic analysis: ECO 166, 167, 300, and 301;3 In quantitative methods: ECO 302;15 In elective courses offered by the Department: at least 12 creditsin 300- or 400-level courses selected with guidance fromDepartmental advisers. The remaining 3 credits can be in a200-level course.42-CREDIT MAJOR IN ACCOUNTING, B.A.Completion of this major qualifies students for positions in privateand public accounting, but does not satisfy the educational requirementsfor a New York C.P.A.Students specializing in this program must complete the followingcredit requirements:Credits (42)6 In economic analysis: ECO 166 and 167;30 In accounting: ACC 171-272, 334-335, 342, 348, 439-440,441, and 442;6 In law: BBA 336-337.67-CREDIT MAJOR IN ACCOUNTING, B.S.In addition to the 60 professional (major) credits describedbelow, students must earn at least 60 credits in basic liberal artsand sciences. In order to meet the new C.P.A.-150 requirement(see Note 2 below), a minimum of 60 credits must be taken inliberal arts and sciences. These credits in the liberal arts andsciences may, if applicable, include the appropriate CollegeRequirements in writing, foreign language, and mathematics.(See the information in this Bulletin under Degree Requirements.)Professional Credits (60)6 In economics: ECO 166-16733 In accounting: ACC 171, 272, 334-335, 342, 348, 439-440,441, 442, and 444.6 In law: BBA 336-3376 In finance: BBA 308 and either BBA 307, BBA 310, or ECO306.6 In quantitative methods: ECO 302 and 4023 In any 300- or 400-level ACC, ECO, or BBA courseCredits in Other Departments (7)3 ENW 2044 MAT 174 or 175Note 1: A grade of C or better must be obtained in both ACC 171 and272 for admission to and continuation in the B.S. in Accountingprogram. The minimum grades must be earned the first time eachcourse is taken.Note 2: New York has joined the majority of states in mandatingchanges in the education requirements for C.P.A. licensing. Beginningwith the year 2009, college C.P.A. programs registered with the NewYork State Education Department will have to offer a curriculumconsisting of a minimum of 150 credit hours. In anticipation of thesechanges, the Department of Economics, Accounting, and BusinessAdministration will offer a B.S./M.S. in Accounting. For further details,contact the Department.52-CREDIT BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATIONDEGREE (B.B.A.)The B.B.A. program equips students with the necessary managerialskills to function in today’s rapidly changing business environment.The program, stressing the place of businessorganizations in the larger community, prepares its enrollees tomeet this challenge by helping them develop appropriate technical,conceptual, and interpersonal competencies. The curriculumalso emphasizes the role of non-profit and governmental organizationsin societal life. As such, students majoring in this programare introduced to the art and science of planning,organizing, controlling, and leading the physical, financial, human,and informational resources of any and all organizations—private or public, for-profit or not-for-profit, corporate or entrepreneurial.Departmental Credits (42)12 In economics: ECO 166, 167, 324, 4316 In accounting: ACC 171, 2726 In quantitative methods: ECO 302, 4029 In management: BBA 304, 405, and ECO 3319 In one area of concentration:Finance: BBA 307, 308, 310Marketing: BBA 332, 367, 467Accounting: ACC 334, 335, 342Human Resources: BBA 328, 329, and ECO 326Business Law: BBA 336, 337, 329Students who wish to elect a second concentration should consultwith a Departmental adviser.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 95

Credits in Other Departments (10)3 In ethical and legal responsibilities: PHI 3303 In report writing: ENW 2044 In mathematics for business: MAT 171 or 174Note: A minor field is also required. This minor should be attained ina department outside the Department of Economics, Accounting, andBusiness Administration.Courses in EconomicsECO 166: Introduction to Macroeconomics. 3 hours, 3 credits.A study of macroeconomics—how the economy, as a whole,works.ECO 167: Introduction to Microeconomics. 3 hours, 3 credits.Microeconomics and price determination: market structures,resource allocation, distribution of income, and partial equilibriumanalysis. PREREQ: ECO 166.ECO 300: Intermediate Macroeconomics. 3 hours, 3 credits.The components, measurement, and dynamics of the level ofnational income and employment; empirical and analyticalapproaches to the problems of controlling economic fluctuations.PREREQ: ECO 166 and 167.ECO 301: Intermediate Microeconomics. 3 hours, 3 credits.Theory of consumer demand and the firm. Price determinationand market structure. Topics covered include utility analysis,production function, and income distribution. Some selectedmaterials on welfare economics are included. PREREQ: ECO 166and 167.ECO 302: Economic and Business Statistics. 3 hours, 3 credits.Descriptive statistics with economic and business applications.Topics covered include estimation, testing hypotheses, regression,correlation, time series, and index-number problems. Someaspects of industrial quality control are discussed. PREREQ: ECO166 and 3 credits of college mathematics.ECO 305: Consumer Economics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Financialdecision-making strategies in education, health, careers, housing,credit, insurance, and investment from the point of view of theconsumer and family. PREREQ: ECO 166 and 167.ECO 306: Money and Banking. 3 hours, 3 credits. Monetary andbanking principles and practices: credit, commercial banks, theFederal Reserve System; monetary policy and its impact on theeconomy; and current issues and theories. PREREQ: Either ECO166 and 167 and one additional 3-credit ECO course or Departmentalpermission.ECO 311: Public Economics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Types of marketfailures and rationales for government intervention in economicactivity; theory of public goods; collective choice; costbenefitanalysis; positive and normative aspects of expenditureand taxation policies; the U.S. tax structure. PREREQ: ECO 301and 306.ECO 314: Urban Economics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theories of urbanlocation and space allocation; analysis of urban problemssuch as neighborhood decay, poverty, substandard housing,fiscal imbalance, housing segregation, and traffic congestion.PREREQ: ECO 166 and 167.ECO 316: Economics of Inequality. 3 hours, 3 credits. Economicstatus of minorities and women in the U.S.; statistical and demographicanalysis of inequality. PREREQ: ECO 166 and 167,and ECO 302.ECO 321: American Economic Development. 3 hours, 3 credits.Economic, social, and political interaction among different sectors;effects of public policy on urban/rural, commercial/industrial, public/privateprocesses. PREREQ: ECO 166 and 167.ECO 322: Economic Development. 3 hours, 3 credits. Economicdevelopment processes of-less developed countries; the role ofsocial institutions and human resources; the effects of rural development,urbanization, and globalization. PREREQ: ECO 166and 167.ECO (LAC) 323: Economic Development in Latin America.3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of major economic trends in LatinAmerican economic development and the impact of NorthAmerican policy. Special emphasis is placed on Latin Americanviews of economic growth and on foreign intervention in particularareas, such as Brazil, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, andChile. PREREQ: Either ECO 166 and 167 and one additional 3-credit ECO course or Departmental permission.ECO 324: International Economics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theory ofinternational relations: trade, investment, growth, balance of payments,currency values, and policy issues; trade restrictions, commonmarkets, multinational firms, imperialism, and international monetaryreform. PREREQ: Either ECO 166 and 167.ECO 326: Labor Economics. 3 hours, 3 credits. History and presentstatus of organized labor force and trade unions; collectivebargaining; unemployment and labor income; hours, wage rates,and working conditions; and government regulations of industrialrelations. PREREQ: ECO 166 and 167.ECO 331: Industrial Organization and Management. 3 hours,3 credits. The relationships among market structure and performancein theory and practice; detailed discussions of entryand its relation to productivity performance; analysis of themain antitrust regulations; theories of managerial behavior as aconsequence of the separation of ownership and management.PREREQ: BBA 304.ECO 338: Law and Economics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Applications ofprice theoretic reasoning to legal institutions and the legal perspectiveto economic phenomena. PREREQ: ECO 166 and 167and either BBA 336 or a POL course chosen from POL 226, 227,228, 319, 321, or 322.ECO 385: Independent Study in Economics. 3 credits (may berepeated for a maximum of 6 credits). Individual study and researchof a specific topic under the direction of a faculty member.PREREQ: Instructor's permission and ECO 166, 167, and 302.ECO 400: Development of Economic Thought. 3 hours,3 credits. The development of economic ideas of the majorschools of economic thought, with special reference to the sociophilosophiccontexts within which these ideas are embedded.PREREQ: ECO 300 and 301.ECO 401: Introduction to Mathematical Economics. 3 hours,3 credits. Mathematical models used in economic science, suchas constrained and unconstrained optimization; Lagrangean andKuhn-Tucker multipliers; linear programming. PREREQ: ECO301 and 402, and MAT 174.ECO 402: Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business.3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and problems of simple and multivariablelinear regression. Applied methods, including decisionmakingmodels, time series, linear programming, and inputoutputanalysis. PREREQ: ECO 302.96 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

ECO 431: Managerial Economics. 3 hours, 3 credits. The use ofeconomic tools and concepts in making managerial decisions insuch areas as allocation of physical and human resources, projectdevelopment, and organizational restructuring. The firm ispresented as an important decisional unit in the community,one that affects its economic as well as political and social wellbeing.PREREQ: ECO 304 and ECO 302.ECO 450: Economics Seminar. One semester, 3 credits. Selectedreadings and research. PREREQ: Permission of the Department.ECO 490: Honors Project in Economics. 3 credits. Supervisedindividual research and directed reading in selected areas ofeconomics. An honors essay or some other suitable presentationis required. PREREQ: A minimum of 3.2 G.P.A., permission ofthe instructor, and ECO 402. To graduate with Departmentalhonors in economics, the student must take ECO 490.Courses in AccountingACC 171: Principles of Accounting I. 4 hours, 3 credits. Balancesheets and income statements; the theory of debit and credit;controlling accounts and mercantile transactions.ACC 185: Introduction to Accounting for Non-AccountingMajors. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of accounting principles, theirapplication and use in the preparation and interpretation offinancial statements; the uses of accounting for managementand control. Note: ACC 185 may not be counted for Distributioncredit in Study Area III. A student may not receive credit for bothACC 185 and 171.ACC 272: Principles of Accounting II. 4 hours, 3 credits. Partnershipand corporation accounting, the voucher records, and usesof accounting in management. PREREQ: ACC 171.ACC 334: Intermediate Accounting I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Overviewof the accounting process and the theory underlying financialaccounting; a detailed study of the balance sheet: assets andliabilities. PREREQ: ACC 272.ACC 335: Intermediate Accounting II. 3 hours, 3 credits. A studyof stockholders' equity, dilutive securities and investments, anda review of special problems: revenue recognition, financialstatements analysis, accounting changes, accounting for incometaxes, pension plans, leases, and price level changes. PREREQ:ACC 334.ACC 342: Advanced Accounting. 3 hours, 3 credits. Problemsrelating to income, fiduciaries, liquidation, branch houses, consolidations,and other special topics. PREREQ: ACC 335.ACC 343: Analysis of Financial Statements. 3 hours, 3 credits.Types of financial reports and methods of interpretation; evaluationof specific companies and industries; price-level changes,“cash flow” analysis, and funds statements. PREREQ: ACC 342.ACC 348: Computer-Based Accounting. 4 hours, 3 credits. Acquisitionand implementation of information systems for accountants.PREREQ: ACC 272.ACC 385: Independent Study in Accounting. 3 credits (may berepeated for a maximum of 6 credits). Individual study and researchof a specific topic under the direction of a faculty member.PREREQ: Instructor's permission and ACC 334.ACC 439: Cost Accounting I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Cost accounting,a managerial tool in planning and control; cost systems andmethods; process and job order; direct and full costing; the applicationof standard costs to historical statements and projectionof budgets; special costing problems; joint and by-productsand marketing analysis. PREREQ: ACC 272.ACC 440: Cost Accounting II. 2 hours, 2 credits. The use of advancedtools in the managerial decision-making process; inventoryplanning and control, transfer pricing, determinants ofprofit, capital budgeting; behavioral implications of accountingand budgeting. PREREQ: ACC 439.ACC 441: Auditing. 4 hours, 4 credits. Auditing theory and practice;the ethics of the accounting profession; procedures forauditing the balance sheet and income statement; special investigationsand reports. PREREQ: ACC 342.ACC 442: Introduction to Federal Taxation. 3 hours, 3 credits.The Internal Revenue Code: regulations, rules, and court decisionsas they affect individual and corporate taxpayers. Emphasison basic tax principles. PREREQ: ACC 335 or Departmentalpermission.ACC 444: Advanced Accounting Problems. 3 hours, 3 credits. Applicationof accounting principles to the solution of advanced problemstaken from professional examinations and actual businesssituations. PREREQ: ACC 342 or Departmental permission.ACC 447: Financial Accounting Theory. 3 hours, 3 credits.Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (G.A.A.P.) as practicedin the U.S., with emphasis on revenue recognition, assetvaluation, financial statement presentation and disclosure.PREREQ: ACC 335.ACC 449: Advanced Tax Problems. 3 hours, 3 credits. InternalRevenue Code and various regulations affecting property transactions,corporations, and partnerships. PREREQ: ACC 442.ACC 490: Honors Project in Accounting. 3 credits. Supervisedindividual research and directed reading in selected areas ofaccounting. An honors essay or some other suitable presentationis required. PREREQ: A minimum of 3.2 G.P.A., permissionof the instructor, and ACC 348 and 444. To graduate withDepartmental honors in accounting, the student must takeACC 490.Courses in Business AdministrationBBA 304: Principles of Management. 3 hours, 3 credits. An introductionto the theory and practice of planning, organizing,and controlling the physical, financial, and informational resourcesof an organization, with a special emphasis on motivatingand leading the human resource component. PREREQ: ECO166 and 167.BBA 307: Principles of Finance. 3 hours, 3 credits. Basic conceptsof finance. Includes financial environment of the U.S. economy,basic tools of financial analysis, and managerial finance topics.PREREQ: ECO 166 and 167.BBA 308: Corporation Finance. 3 hours, 3 credits. The economicsignificance of the corporate unit in present-day enterprise; itsfinancial organization and practices; the purpose and proceduresof financial reorganization. PREREQ: ACC 171.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 97

BBA 310: Security and Investment Analysis. 3 hours, 3 credits.A perspective of the fields of investments; types of securities,market procedures, security analysis, and the influence of changingeconomic conditions on security values. PREREQ:BBA 307.BBA 328: Human Resource Management. 3 hours, 3 credits.Emphasis of the managerial approach to the employment ofhuman resources; large scale enterprise and managerial goals,economic and social matrix for hiring and developing humanresource inputs, and collective bargaining. PREREQ: BBA 304.BBA 329: Union-Employer Relations. 3 hours, 3 credits. Legalrequirements for employers and labor organizations; negotiationand implementation of collective bargaining agreements; relationshipbetween labor law and practice. PREREQ: BBA 304.BBA 332: Marketing Management. 3 hours, 3 credits. Nature andfunctions of marketing; consumer motivation and behavior;marketing institutions at the wholesale and retail levels; marketresearch, product planning, pricing policies, sales management,and promotion; and government regulation. PREREQ: BBA 304.BBA 336: Business Law I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Fundamentals oflegal liability; Federal and New York State court systems; theattorney-client relationship; principles of the law of contracts,sales, product liability, and agency.BBA 337: Business Law II. 3 hours, 3 credits. The law of partnership,corporations, and other business organizations; personalproperty, secured transactions, and commercial paper as treatedunder the Uniform Commercial Code; landlord-tenant relationship.PREREQ: BBA 336.BBA 367: Consumer Behavior. 3 hours, 3 credits. Global, regional,and local dimensions of consumer decision-making;impact of motivation, perception, knowledge, attitudes, andinformation-processing abilities upon the behavior of consumers.PREREQ: BBA 304 and 332.BBA 385: Independent Study in Business Administration.3 credits (may be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits). Individualstudy and research of a specific topic under the supervision of afaculty member. PREREQ: Instructor's permission and BBA 405.BBA 405: Management Decision Making. 3 hours, 3 credits.Individual and organizational factors influencing managerialdecision making; optimal rules of choice under different decisionalenvironments; heuristic decision making; selected topicsof management science. PREREQ: ECO 302 and BBA 304.BBA 432: International Business Management. 3 hours,3 credits. Critical issues in managing multinational organizations:international management skills, cross-cultural negotiations,ethical problems, global human resource management,and the structuring of multinational organizations. PREREQ:BBA 304 and ECO 431.BBA 467: Marketing Research. 3 hours, 3 credits. A practicalapproach to the study of research principles and procedures asan important tool of consumer and industrial marketing decisions.Qualitative as well as quantitative techniques are stressed,and these methods are aligned with the planning, operation,and controlling aspects of marketing management. PREREQ:BBA 332 and ECO 302.BBA 490: Honors Project in Business Administration. 3 credits.Supervised individual research and directed reading in selectedareas of business administration. An honors essay or some othersuitable presentation is required. PREREQ: A minimum of 3.2G.P.A., permission of the instructor, and ECO 402 and BBA 405.To graduate with Departmental honors in business administration,the student must take BBA 490.98 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

EnglishChair: Walter Blanco (Carman Hall, Room 302B)Graduate Coordinator: Grace Russo Bullaro (Carman Hall, Room 390)Department Faculty: Distinguished Professor: William Collins; Professors:Walter Blanco, Anne Humpherys, Gerhard Joseph, Sondra Perl,Mardi Valgemae, Scott Westrem; Associate Professors: James Anderson,Nathalie Bailey, Grace Russo Bullaro, Patricia Cockram, MarioDiGangi, Walter Dubler, Earl Fendelman, Michael R. Paull, JessicaYood; Assistant Professors: Daniel Bautista, Terrence Cheng, ClementDunbar, William G. Fisher, Janis Massa, Margot Mifflin; Lecturers:Robert Carling, Eve ZarinThe Department of English offers students the opportunity to gain athorough knowledge of literature written in English; to developexpertise in literary exposition and criticism; to learn the fundamentalsof linguistics; and to acquire basic professional skills in writing,editing, and proofreading. The specializations that students in theDepartment may choose are Literature, Professional Writing, andCreative Writing. The Department also participates in the interdisciplinaryprograms in Women's Studies and Comparative Literature.COLLEGE WRITING REQUIREMENTAll students, including transfer students, must take ENG 110 andENG 120 (Priniciples of Effective Writing I and II), unless exempted.(Students transferring to Lehman from a CUNY Community Collegewith an A.A., A.S., or A.A.S. degree are deemed to have met thisrequirement.) Entry into ENG 110 and 120 is based on placementdetermined by the English Department. Every student should enrollin the appropriate English composition course each semester untilEnglish 120 is passed.Programs31–43 CREDIT MAJOR IN ENGLISH, B.A.The required courses and credits are to be distributed as follows:(These courses are to be taken by all students in the Literature, ProfessionalWriting, and Creative Writing Specializations.)Credits (22)9 ENG 300, 301, 3024 ENG 3033 ENG 3073 ENG 3083 ENG 350 (not required of Honors students)Literature SpecializationCredits (18)3 ENG 31215 Other 300- to 400-level courses. No more than 6 credits inENW courses. Students planning to go on to graduateschool in English should take ENG 304 or 305 and arestrongly encouraged to take ENG 306.Creative Writing SpecializationCredits (21)3 ENW 2106 Two courses, chosen from ENW 301, ENW 302,ENW/THE 3083 One course, chosen from ENW 311, ENW 312,ENW/THE 4086 Two courses, chosen from ENG 304, ENW 309, ENW 317,ENW 328, ENW 357, ENW 4613 Tutorial project (ENW 381) or Internship (HUM 470, in aproject approved by the English Deptartment Chair)Early Childhood and Childhood Education Specialization (31 credits)This specialization should be taken only by students in the 30-credit E.C.C.E. Certificate Sequence.Credits (25, of which at least 9 must be in writing-intensivecourses)Required courses:Genre Courses3 ENG 328: Poetry3 ENG 330: Fiction3 ENG 334: DramaLiterature Courses3 ENG 302: English Literature III4 ENG 303: Introduction to Literary Study3 ENG 308: American Literature3 ENG 312: ShakespeareLanguage Arts3 ENG 304: The Structure of Modern EnglishAnd 3 credits to be chosen from the following:World Literature3 ENG 338: New Literatures3 ENG 346: The Bible as Literature3 ENG 347: World Literature—Narratives of the Western World3 ENG 348: World Literature—Drama3 ENG 356: Special Topics in Literature IIor any 300-level literature course from any department inthe Humanities DivisionAnd either3 ENG 335: Critical Approaches to Children’s LiteratureOr3 ENG 336: Critical Approaches to Adolescent LiteratureProfessional Writing SpecializationCredits (18)3 ENG 304 or 3053 ENW 3179 One or two courses in writing, chosen from the following:ENW 309, 323; and one or two courses chosen from thefollowing: ENW 301, 302, 308, 328, 365, 4623 Tutorial project (ENW 381) or Internship (HUM 470, in aproject approved by the English Deptartment Chair)LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 99

HONORS PROGRAMThe Honors Program is a course of study designed to provideselect students interested in English literature, creative writing, orprofessional writing with opportunities for both intensive andindependent study. The specializations within the English HonorsProgram are as follows:Literature (Honors Program)Credits (41)22 ENG 300, 301, 302, 303, 307, 308, 3123 ENG 450-60 (Seminars)3 ENG 463 (Senior Honors Seminar)4 ENG 481 (Literature tutorial)9 300- or 400-level English electives (no more than 6 creditsin writing)Professional Writing (Honors Program)Credits (41)22 ENG 300, 301, 302, 303, 307, 308, 3123 ENW 462 or ENG 4634 ENW 481 (Tutorial in Writing)3 ENG 304 or 3053 ENW 3173 To be chosen from ENW 309, 323, 3653 To be chosen from ENW 309, 323, 365 (whichever is nottaken above); or ENW 301, 302, (ENW) (THE) 308; or internship.Creative Writing (Honors Program)Credits (41)22 ENG 300, 301, 302, 303, 307, 308, 3123 ENW 461 or ENG 4634 ENW 481 (Tutorial in Writing)3 ENG 304 or 3053 ENW 3283 To be chosen from ENW 301, 302, (ENW) (THE) 3083 To be chosen from ENW 301, 302, (ENW) (THE) 308(whichever is not taken above); or ENW 309, 317, 357,365; or internship.In addition to the above course requirements, all students enrolledin the Honors Program are required to write an honorspaper or to complete an equivalent project in creative or professionalwriting. Students desiring admission to the program mustconsult with the Chair of the Honors Committee.MINOR IN ENGLISHThe minor in English consists of four courses in English, totaling12 credits, planned as one of three options listed below. Up to 6credits in English from another accredited college or universityare acceptable for the minor, provided that students earn 6 additionalcredits at Lehman. At least 6 of the credits for the minormust be in 300- or 400-level courses.Literature OptionStudents may choose any four literature courses, at least two ofthem at the 300- or 400-level. One ENW course may be includedin the Literature minor. Three credits in either ENG 381 (IndividualStudy) or ENG 481 (Honors Individual Study) may beincluded.Professional Writing OptionAll students must take ENW 207 (Introduction to Journalism)plus three additional ENW courses to be chosen from the following:ENW 201 (Advanced Expository Writing); ENW 204(Report Writing); ENW 309 (Critical Review Writing); ENW 317(Editing and Proofreading); ENW 323 (Journalistic Writing);ENW 365 (Special Topics in Professional Writing); ENW 462(Seminar in Professional Writing); and either ENW 381 (IndividualTutorial) or ENW 481 (Honors Individual Tutorial). OneLiterature course or one Creative Writing course may be substitutedfor one of the 300- or 400- level Professional Writingcourses.Creative Writing OptionAll students must take ENW 210 (Workshop in Creative Writing)plus three additional ENW courses to be chosen from the following:ENW 301 (Poetry Writing); ENW 302 (Fiction Writing);ENW 308 (Playwriting); ENW 328 (Advanced Workshop inCreative Writing); ENW 357 (Creative Writing—Intensive Studies);ENW 461 (Seminar in Creative Writing); and either ENW381 (Individual Tutorial) or ENW 481 (Honors Individual Tutorial).One Literature course or one Professional Writing coursemay be substituted for one of the 300- or 400-level courses inCreative Writing.Basic and Intermediate Courses inEnglish Language and Literature*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.ENG 110: Principles of Effective Writing I. 4 hours (3, lecture;1, conference), 3 credits. Focus on paragraph and essay development,summary, and critical response to short texts. Emphasison organization, language accuracy, grammar, and mechanics.Individual conferences. Note: All students, unless exempted, mustpass this course in fulfillment of the College Requirement in English.Students who take but do not pass this course should repeat it thefollowing semester. Students who pass ENG 110 proceed to ENG 120the following semester.ENG 120: Principles of Effective Writing II. 4 hours (3, lecture;1, conference), 3 credits. Continues the work of ENG 110, advancingcritical reading skills and essay development. Emphasison writing analytical essays and papers based on research invarious academic disciplines. Individual conferences. Note: Allstudents, unless exempted, must pass this course in fulfillment of theCollege Requirement in English. Students who take but do not passthis course should repeat it the following semester.*ENG 135: The Experience of Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.Ways of understanding and enjoying different kinds of literature,including prose, poetry, and drama. Not recommended forstudents who have passed ENG 120 and closed to those whohave satisfactorily completed a 200-level ENG Literature course.Note: ENG 222, 223, 226, 227, 229, 234, 260, and 264-265 aredistribution courses in the 1984 curriculum.*ENG 211: Prose Fiction. 3 hours, 3 credits.*ENG 212: Drama. 3 hours, 3 credits.*ENG 213: Poetry. 3 hours, 3 credits.ENG 222: Literary Genres. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction toliterary forms and genres and the critical methods appropriate totheir study. Analysis of major representative texts and explorationof central themes.100 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

ENG 223: English Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of masterworksthat form the basis of the literary heritage of the Englishlanguage. Authors will include Chaucer, Shakespeare,Milton, Swift or Pope, Wordsworth or Keats, Yeats, and a nineteenth-or twentieth-century novel.ENG 226: Shakespeare. 3 hours, 3 credits. An approach to understandingShakespeare: analysis of representative plays, with attentionto language, structure, and thematic unity.ENG 227: American Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Representativeprose, verse, and drama from the Colonial period to the present.ENG 229: Contemporary Urban Writers. 3 hours, 3 credits. Studiesin the fiction, poetry, drama, essays, and other writings ofcontemporary authors, such as James Baldwin, DonaldBarthelme, Ralph Ellison, Frank O'Hara, Norman Mailer, JoyceCarol Oates, and Allen Ginsberg.*ENG 231: The Great Tradition—Chaucer, Shakespeare, andMilton. 3 hours, 3 credits.*ENG 232: The Romantic Movement and the Modern Era.3 hours, 3 credits.ENG (WST) 234: Women in Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Literaryanalysis of the image of women as represented in literature.Examination of cultural stereotypes and archetypes in myths,legends, Biblical writings, and major literary texts by both maleand female writers.ENG 260: American Minority Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Anexploration of the experience of a particular minority or ethnicgroup or groups as reflected in American literature. Topics varyfrom semester to semester. This course may be cross-listed with BLS267 or IAS 266.ENG 264-265: Special Topics in Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.(Each course may be taken twice for credit.) Studies in the worksof various authors or periods. Topics vary from semester to semester.ENG 282: Instruction in Peer Tutoring. 5 hours, 4 credits. Trainingof students as tutors and writers. Students will be both encouragedto write in a variety of modes (including creativewriting) and trained in effective techniques for tutoring others inwriting. The course will be divided between the classroom andthe Writing Center. Permission of the instructor is required foradmission. PREREQ: A passing grade in English 120 (unlessexempted).Advanced Courses in EnglishLanguage and LiteratureNote: All 300-level courses in advanced English language and literature,except for ENG 303, carry the following PREREQ: Satisfactorycompletion of 60 college credits, or of two 200-level ENG courses, orDepartmental permission.ENG 300: English Literature I. 3 hours, 3 credits. English literatureto 1660, emphasizing major writers. Readings will includeselections from Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, Donne, andMilton. Text: The Norton Anthology of English Literature, vol. I.ENG 301: English Literature II. 3 hours, 3 credits. English literaturefrom 1660 to 1830, emphasizing major writers. Readingswill include selections from Dryden, Swift (Gulliver's Travels),Pope, Johnson, Austen, Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, andKeats. Texts: The Norton Anthology of English Literature, vols. I-II;Austen, Pride and Prejudice.ENG 302: English Literature III. 3 hours, 3 credits. English literaturefrom 1830 to 1940, emphasizing major writers. Readingswill include selections from Dickens, Tennyson, Browning,Arnold, Yeats, Joyce, and Shaw. Texts: The Norton Anthology ofEnglish Literature, vol. II; Dickens, Great Expectations.ENG 303: Introduction to Literary Study. (Required of studentsmajoring in ENG. Open to all students.) 4 hours, 4 credits. Readingand writing about works of literature of different kinds: poetry,drama, and fiction. Study of problems in criticism andinterpretation; advanced exposition, with emphasis on the developmentof those writing skills that are most useful in literarystudies. Individual conferences. PREREQ: ENG 120 (unless exempted).ENG 304: The Structure of Modern English. 3 hours, 3 credits.Grammatical theory and linguistic descriptions of modern English(such as traditional, descriptive, and transformationalgrammars), with emphasis on the formal properties of grammarand the formal characterization of language. Samples of modernEnglish to be studied will be drawn from literary works from theearly modern English period to the present.ENG 305: History of the English Language. 3 hours, 3 credits.Historical linguistics and the study of English, including analysisof selected texts from Old English through early modern Englishto illustrate the development of the English language. Attentionwill be paid to the phonology and grammar of the English languageand to ways language is used for expressive ends in theselected literary examples.ENG 306: Literary Criticism. 3 hours, 3 credits. Traditional andmodern ways of understanding literature; varieties and history ofcriticism. Among the approaches to be explored are psychological,historical, formalist, Marxist, mythic, post-structuralist, andfeminist.ENG 307: The Novel. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of one majornovel of the eighteenth century, one of the nineteenth century,and one of the twentieth century. Readings will include at leastfive novels, with special attention to the evolution of the genrefrom the eighteenth century to the present.ENG 308: American Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Americanliterature to the modern era, emphasizing major writers. Thecourse will deal with such ideas as the frontier, the “promised”land, the rise from rags to riches, the importance of self-reliance,and the love-hate relationship of the races. Readings may includesuch authors as Franklin, Hawthorne, Melville, Emerson,Thoreau, Whitman, Dickinson, Twain, James, Frost, Hemingway,Fitzgerald, Faulkner, O'Neill, and Ellison.Note: Courses numbered 309-348 offer study of a historical period,genre, author, or literary field that is more intensive than the comparablearea in ENG 300-302, 307, and 308, yet broader in scope thancourses like ENG 350, 381, 450-460, 463, and 481.ENG 309: Medieval Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readings inmajor medieval writings, such as Beowulf, Sir Gawain and theGreen Knight, Pearl, Piers Plowman, and the works of Malory.Topics may include the development of the romance, the epic,lyric poetry, allegory, and other literary genres.ENG 310: Sixteenth-Century Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readingsin authors such as More, Sidney, Spenser, Marlowe, andShakespeare.ENG 311: Chaucer. 3 hours, 3 credits. Reading of Chaucer inMiddle English, with emphasis on The Canterbury Tales.ENG 312: Shakespeare. 3 hours, 3 credits. The dramatist's representativecomedies, histories, and tragedies.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 101

ENG 313: Shakespeare—Selected Plays. 3 hours, 3 credits. Variousplays analyzed in depth. Selection will vary from semester tosemester.ENG 314: Milton. 3 hours, 3 credits. The poetry and selectedprose of Milton, with special emphasis on a critical reading ofParadise Lost.ENG 316: Seventeenth-Century Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.Readings in authors such as Jonson, Donne, Herrick, Crashaw,Herbert, Vaughan, Marvell, Bacon, Burton, and Browne.ENG 317: Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Literature.3 hours, 3 credits. Readings in authors such as Dryden, Congreve,Swift, Pope, Addison and Steele, Gay, Gray, Sheridan, Goldsmith,Johnson, Boswell, Richardson, and Fielding.ENG 319: Nineteenth-Century English Literature. 3 hours,3 credits. Readings in authors such as Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge,Byron, Shelley, Keats, Austen, Charlotte and EmilyBrontë, Tennyson, Browning, Carlyle, Dickens, Thackeray,George Eliot, Arnold, Hopkins, and Hardy.ENG 321: Nineteenth-Century American Literature. 3 hours,3 credits. Readings may include Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, Emerson,Thoreau, Whitman, Dickinson, and Twain.ENG 322: Twentieth-Century American Literature. 3 hours,3 credits. Readings may include James, Wharton, Chopin, Fitzgerald,Hemingway, Faulkner, Wright, Ellison, Roth, Malamud,O'Neill, Albee, Williams, Frost, Stevens, and Plath.ENG 324: Twentieth-Century English and Irish Literature.3 hours, 3 credits. Readings may include Conrad, Joyce, Lawrence,Woolf, Forster, Shaw, Beckett, Pinter, Yeats, T. S. Eliot, DylanThomas, and Auden.ENG 328: Poetry. 3 hours, 3 credits. Critical study of representativepoems.ENG 330: Fiction. 3 hours, 3 credits. Critical study of representativeshort fiction and novels.ENG 334: Drama. 3 hours, 3 credits. Critical study of representativeplays.ENG 335: Critical Approaches to Children's Literature. 3 hours,3 credits. Critical examination of selected works written for childrenand enjoyed by children and adults. Consideration of fantasticand realistic fiction and analysis of appropriate literaryforms, such as fairy tale, animal fable, adventure story, and thenovel of development.ENG 336: Critical Approaches to Adolescent Literature.3 hours, 3 credits. Critical study of literature of special interest toadolescents. Readings will include fiction, drama, and memoirsthat focus on such themes as coming-of-age, knowing good andevil, confronting mortality, leaving home, discovering love andsexuality, and defining one's identity.ENG 337: Irish Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Poetry and prose bywriters closely identified with Ireland. Beginning with Irish texts(read in English translation) such as the medieval Tain and lyricsof the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, the readingwill emphasize works originally written in English by suchauthors as Swift, Wilde, Shaw, Yeats, and Joyce.ENG 338: New Literatures. 3 hours, 3 credits. Literature of Africa,Asia, and the Caribbean written mainly in the post-Colonial period.Topics will vary from semester to semester; the course mayconcentrate on one region or on a theme, such as the impact ofcolonialism on native societies. Note: When the topic is AfricanLiterature, the course will be crosslisted with BLS 242.ENG 339: Latino/Latina Literatures in English. 3 hours,3 credits. English-language literature developed by Puerto Ricans,Chicanos, Cubans, Dominicans, and other Latino groups in theU.S. Emphasis on the similarities in the development of themes,structures, and genres, and relationships with mainstreamAmerican literature.ENG 355: Special Topics in Literature I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Topicsvary from semester to semester. Course may be taken twicefor credit.ENG 356: Special Topics in Literature II. 3 hours, 3 credits.(Course may be taken twice for credit.) Topics vary from semesterto semester.ADVANCED COURSES IN WORLD LITERATUREENG 346: The Bible as Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Selectionsfrom the King James translation of the Old and New Testamentsand the Apocrypha, read with emphasis on historical background,the history of ideas, and literary genres. The perspectivesof the course are those of modern literary and historical criticismin a secular context. Instructors may choose to focus on the Oldor the New Testament.ENG 347: World Literature—Narratives of the Western World.3 hours, 3 credits. Selected narratives of Western literature intranslation, with attention to their influence on English literature.Readings may include Homer, the Bible, Dante, Rabelais,Cervantes, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Proust, and Mann.ENG 348: World Literature—Drama. 3 hours, 3 credits. A surveyof world drama, with attention to selected classical, oriental,medieval, neoclassic, romantic, and modern plays and theirinfluence on English literature.ENGLISH TUTORIALS, SEMINARS, AND HONORS WORKENG 350: Senior Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits. (May not be takenbefore 25 credits of the major have been completed.) Focus on aliterary topic, which will be explored in a group of interrelatedworks, usually from several genres and periods. Topics vary fromsemester to semester. Students will present reports to the seminarand will prepare at least one major paper. PREREQ: ENG300, 301, 302, 303, 307, 308.ENG 381: Individual Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Opportunity for a student to pursue individual researchand reading on a specific topic under close faculty supervision.PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of either two200-level ENG courses or 60 college credits and Departmentalpermission. Students must receive written permission from thefaculty member who will supervise the tutorial in the semesterpreceding that in which it will be taken.ENG 450-460: Seminars. Each, one semester, 3 credits. The opportunityto study special topics (to be announced in advance) thatwill vary from semester to semester. Individual research underthe direction of a member of the Department. PREREQ: Departmentalpermission.450: Studies in Old English and Medieval Literature451: Studies in Linguistics452: Studies in Chaucer453: Studies in Shakespeare454: Studies in Elizabethan and Seventeenth-Century Literature455: Studies in Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Literature456: Studies in the Novel457: Studies in Romantic and Victorian Literature458: Studies in American Literature459: Studies in Contemporary Literature460: Studies in Literary Genres and Influences102 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

ENG 463: Senior Honors Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Intensivestudy of major representative works from each period of Englishand American literature. Weekly oral and written reports. Individualresearch. PREREQ: ENG 300, 301, 302, 303, 307, 308,and membership in the English Honors Program. May not betaken before 25 credits of the major have been completed.ENG 481: Honors Tutorial. One semester, 4 credits (maximum8 credits). (Limited to students in the ENG Honors Program.) Individualresearch and reading on a specific topic, under facultysupervision. PREREQ: Departmental permission. Students mustreceive written permission from the faculty member who willsupervise the tutorial in the semester preceding that in which it willbe taken.Intermediate Courses in Creativeand Professional WritingENW 201: Advanced Expository Writing. 4 hours (3, lecture;1, conference), 4 credits. An advanced course in the techniques offormal exposition that develops the students' understanding ofEnglish expository style and of mechanics and grammar. A substantialportion of the course is devoted to researching materialsand organizing them in the form of summaries of facts, positionpapers, and research papers. An effort will be made to relate thesubject matter of much of the writing to the students' interests.Individual conferences. PREREQ: Successful completion of ENG120 (or equivalent) or instructor's permission.ENW 204: Report Writing. 3 hours (2, lecture; 1, conference),3 credits. Emphasis on compiling and presenting evidence; onlogic and correctness in organization and presentation. Reports,analyses, and criticism. Individual conferences. PREREQ: Successfulcompletion of ENG 120 or the equivalent.ENW 207: Introduction to Journalism. 3 hours (2, lecture;1, conference), 3 credits. An introductory course in the history,principles, and practice of journalism, with special attentiongiven to the powers and responsibilities of a free press. Discussionsof reporting techniques, reliability of sources, the lawsof libel, objectivity, and other matters. Regular practice in thewriting of the short news story. Individual conferences. PREREQ:Successful completion of ENG 120 or the equivalent.ENW 210: Introduction to Creative Writing—Fiction, Poetry,and Playwriting. 3 hours, 3 credits. Reading, writing and analyzingcontemporary short fiction, poetry, and play writing, focusingon elements pertinent to each form. PREREQ: ENG 120, orDepartmental permission.Advanced Courses in Creative andProfessional WritingENW 301: Poetry Writing. 3 hours, 3 credits. The theory and practiceof writing poetry. PREREQ: ENW 210 or the equivalent.ENW 302: Fiction Writing. 3 hours, 3 credits. The theory andpractice of prose-fiction writing. PREREQ: ENW 210 or theequivalent.ENW (THE) 308: Playwriting. 3 hours, 3 credits. The theory andpractice of writing one-act plays. PREREQ: ENW 210, THE 308,or the equivalent.ENW 309: Critical Review Writing. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study andpractice in the aims, methods, and techniques of review writing insuch fields as film, theater, dance, and music. The writing of reviewswill be combined with first-hand study of these media andwith reading of works by established critics, past and present. Eachstudent will execute projects in consultation with the instructor.PREREQ: ENW 207 or 210 or the equivalent.ENW 311: Advanced Poetry Writing I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Writing,reading, and analyzing poetry. Discussions of both student andpublished work, emphasizing basic tenets of the craft, such asrhythm, rhyme, meter, pace, language, metaphor, imagery, voice,and tone. PREREQ: ENW 301 or Departmental permission.ENW 312: Advanced Fiction Writing I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Writing,reading, and analyzing fiction. Discussions of both studentand published work, emphasizing basic tenets of the craft, suchas plot, setting, character development, theme, imagery, symbolism,language, dramatic arc, and epiphany. PREREQ: ENW 302or Departmental permission.ENW 317: Editing and Proofreading. 3 hours, 3 credits. Practicein editing and revising manuscripts, in preparing manuscriptsfor the press, and in reading proofs. PREREQ: Satisfactory completionof 60 college credits or of two 200-level ENW courses, orDepartmental permission.ENW 323: Journalistic Writing. 3 hours, 3 credits. Advancedinstruction and practice in reporting and writing news and humaninterest stories. Individual conferences. PREREQ: EitherENW 207 or instructor's permission.ENW 328: Advanced Poetry Writing II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Continuationof ENW 311: Advanced Poetry Writing I. PREREQ:ENW 311 or Departmental permission.ENW 357: Advanced Fiction Writing II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Continuationof ENW 312: Advanced Fiction Writing I. PREREQ:ENW 312 or Departmental permission.ENW 365: Special Topics in Professional Writing. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Topics vary from semester to semester.PREREQ: ENW 207 or permission of the DepartmentChair.ENW 381: Individual Tutorial in Writing. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Opportunity for a student to pursue a specificproject in creative or professional writing under close facultysupervision. PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of either two200-level ENW courses or 60 college credits and Departmentalpermission.ENW (THE) 408: Advanced Playwriting Workshop. 3 hours,3 credits. The goal of this course is the writing of a full-lengthplay. PREREQ: ENW/THE 308, or Departmental permission.ENW 461: Seminar in Creative Writing. 3 hours, 3 credits. Forthe proficient writer of fiction, poetry, or drama. The seminarfeatures guest lectures by poets, dramatists, and novelists. Studentsare expected to have completed both basic and advancedcourses in poetry, fiction, or drama. PREREQ: ENW 328 (orequivalent) and instructor's permission.ENW 462: Seminar in Professional Writing. 3 hours, 3 credits.Practice in designing, discussing, and completing a variety ofindividual and group projects in the professional writing field.PREREQ: ENW 207 and one of the following: ENW 309, 317, or323. Open to other students with Departmental permission.ENW 481: Honors Tutorial in Writing. One semester, 4 credits(maximum 8 credits). (Limited to students in the ENG HonorsProgram.) Individual project in creative or professional writing,under faculty supervision. PREREQ: Departmental permission.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 103

The English Curriculum at a Glance*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Basic and Intermediate Courses in English Language andLiteratureENG 110: Principles of Effective Writing IENG 120: Principles of Effective Writing II*ENG 135: The Experience of Literature*ENG 211: Prose Fiction*ENG 212: Drama*ENG 213: PoetryENG 222: Literary GenresENG 223: English LiteratureENG 226: ShakespeareENG 227: American LiteratureENG 229: Contemporary Urban Writers*ENG 231: The Great Tradition—Chaucer, Shakespeare, & Milton*ENG 232: The Romantic Movement and the Modern EraENG (WST) 234: Women in LiteratureENG 260: American Minority LiteratureENG 264-265: Special Topics in LiteratureENG 282: Instruction in Peer TutoringAdvanced Courses in English Language and LiteratureENG 300: English Literature IENG 301: English Literature IIENG 302: English Literature IIIENG 303: Introduction to Literary StudyENG 304: The Structure of Modern EnglishENG 305: History of the English LanguageENG 306: Literary CriticismENG 307: The NovelENG 308: American LiteratureENG 309: Medieval LiteratureENG 310: Sixteenth-Century LiteratureENG 311: ChaucerENG 312: ShakespeareENG 313: Shakespeare—Selected PlaysENG 314: MiltonENG 316: Seventeenth-Century LiteratureENG 317: Restoration and Eighteenth-Century LiteratureENG 319: Nineteenth-Century English LiteratureENG 321: Nineteenth-Century American LiteratureENG 322: Twentieth-Century American LiteratureENG 324: Twentieth-Century English and Irish LiteratureENG 328: PoetryENG 330: FictionENG 334: DramaENG 335: Critical Approaches to Children's LiteratureENG 336: Critical Approaches to Adolescent LiteratureENG 337: Irish LiteratureENG 338: New LiteraturesENG 355: Special Topics in Literature IENG 356: Special Topics in Literature IIEnglish Tutorials, Seminars, and Honors WorkENG 350: Senior SeminarENG 381: Individual TutorialENG 450-460: Seminars450: Studies in Old English and Medieval Literature451: Studies in Linguistics452: Studies in Chaucer453: Studies in Shakespeare454: Studies in Elizabethan and Seventeenth-Century Literature455: Studies in Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Literature456: Studies in the Novel457: Studies in Romantic and Victorian Literature458: Studies in American Literature459: Studies in Contemporary Literature460: Studies in Literary Genres and InfluencesENG 463: Senior Honors SeminarENG 481: Honors TutorialAdvanced Courses in World LiteratureENG 346: The Bible as LiteratureENG 347: World Literature—Narratives of the Western WorldENG 348: World Literature—DramaIntermediate Courses in Creative and Professional WritingENW 201: Advanced Expository WritingENW 204: Report WritingENW 207: Introduction to JournalismENW 210: Workshop in Creative WritingAdvanced Courses in Creative and Professional WritingENW 301: Poetry WritingENW 302: Fiction WritingENW 308: PlaywritingENW 309: Critical Review WritingENW 317: Editing and ProofreadingENW 323: Journalistic WritingENW 328: Advanced Workshop in Creative WritingENG 339: Latino/Latina Literatures in EnglishENW 357: Creative Writing—Intensive StudiesENW 365: Special Topics in Professional WritingENW 381: Individual Tutorial in WritingENW 481: Honors Tutorial in WritingSeminars in Creative and Professional WritingENW 461: Seminar in Creative WritingENW 462: Seminar in Professional Writing104 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

English as a Second LanguageCoordinator: Steve Wyckoff (Carman Hall, 398)The Program in English as a Second Language (E.S.L.) offerscourses to nonnative speakers who want to follow a regularcourse of study leading to the bachelor's degree. E.S.L. coursesprovide practice in all language skills areas: speaking, listening,reading, and writing. Students may enter the E.S.L. sequence atthe intermediate or advanced levels of English proficiency. Uponcompletion of the E.S.L. sequence, students progress to the twocoursesequence in English Composition (ENG 110 and ENG120). Students who successfully complete two E.S.L. courses mayuse them to satisfy the College Requirement in Foreign Language.Courses in English as a SecondLanguageNo beginning-level ESL courses are offered by the College ESLProgram at Lehman. The first course in the following sequence istaught at the high-intermediate level:ESL 103: English as a Second Language‚ Intermediate. 6 hours,2 credits. Introduction to college-level academic English. Grammartopics include a review of the English tense and modal system,clause patterns, hypothetical and conditional statements,and common trouble spots. Expository and academic discoursepatterns covered include summary and analysis, comparison,cause and effect, the argument, short answer response, and theresearch paper.ESL 104: English as a Second Language, Advanced. 6 hours,2 credits. Focuses on syntactic and discourse structures at anadvanced level. Grammar topics include consistency in tenseusage, time frame shifts in discourse, difficult lexical and clausepatterns, and advanced grammar troublespots, particularly thoseused for focus, emphasis, or stylistic purposes in academic texts.Other topics include editing and revising written work, readinganalytically and critically, and citing an author's ideas informallyor formally.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 105

Environmental, Geographic, and Geological SciencesDepartment Chair: Heather Sloan (Gillet Hall, Room 301A)Department Faculty:Professors: Irene Leung, Robert Troy, Zong-Guo Xia; AssociateProfessor:Juliana Maantay; Assistant Professor: Hari Pant,Heather Sloan.Departmental offerings cover a broad spectrum of the social andnatural sciences. These offerings integrate the earth sciences andstudies of the human environment over a wide range, from urbangeography to ocean sediments. Environmental issues, suchas garbage disposal and recycling options, earthquake and volcanichazards, coastal erosion, past extinction of life, and globalwarming are important parts of various courses listed below.Programs32-TO-36-CREDIT MAJOR IN GEOLOGY, B.A.The required credits are distributed as follows:Credits (32-36)12 In required GEO courses: GEO 101 or 100 or 166, 167,and 24412 In elective GEO courses: GEO 242, 303, 333, 348, orother courses approved by the major adviser8-12 In courses in a related science or mathematics (physics,chemistry, biology, or mathematics) as approved by themajor adviserNote: Students in the Geology major should consult with their adviseron the choice of a minor field.GRADUATE STUDY IN GEOLOGYStudents preparing for graduate study in Geology should takechemistry, physics, calculus, and one foreign language or computerproficiency course.FIELD STUDYParticipation in a four- to six-week summer field course isstrongly urged. With the prior permission of the Chair, up to 6credits from this summer program may be counted toward theGeology major.MINOR IN GEOLOGYA minor in Geology consists of GEO 167 (4 credits), GEO 244(4 credits), and one additional course at the 300 or 400 level.GEO 490 is acceptable.28-CREDIT MAJOR IN GEOGRAPHY, B.A.The required credits are distributed as follows:Credits6 In required courses: GEH 101 or GEH 102; plus GEP 2044 In either GEP 470 or GEH 4903 In a regional Geography course, chosen from among GEH267, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, and 29115 Selected from other Geography courses and to be determinedby the student's objectives in consultation with aGeography adviser.CERTIFICATE PROGRAM IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATIONSCIENCE (GISc)Geographic Information Science (GISc) is a fast-growing computertechnology field involving mapping and analysis of spatialdata. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enable us to assessand manage existing conditions, and also help predict futureconditions, ranging from monitoring disease occurrences toendangered species preservation, to managing water supplies, totracking real estate values, to crime solving.GIS is used today in fields as diverse as law enforcement,marketing, economic development, public health administration,environmental analysis, ecology, urban planning, real estate,government, education, geology, anthropology, andarchaeology. GISc is an expanding field with good career opportunities,and GIS professionals are in high demand in manyfields. People with GIS skills can also be more marketable asmanagers and analysts in their own fields. A certificate in GISccan be advantageous by itself or in augmenting a bachelor's orassociate's degree.The certificate in GISc consists of a sequence of four courses,equaling 14 credits, plus one 3-credit Geography elective course,for a total of 17 credits:GEP 204: Basic Mapping: Applications and Analysis (3 credits);GEP 205: Principles of Geographic Information Science (GISc)(3 credits);GEP 350: Special Topics in GISc (4 credits);GEH 490: Honors in Geography (4 credits); andA Geography elective (3 credits).Geography Elective (3 credits), to be selected from among:GEH 101 / GEH 501 Introduction to Geography (3 credits),(may be taken via e-mail);GEH 230 / GEH 530 Human Geography (3 credits), (may betaken via e-mail);GEP 230 / GEP 530 Urban Environmental Management(3 credits);GEH 235 / GEH 613 Conservation of the Environment(3 credits);GEH 240 / GEH 540 Urban Geography (3 credits); orGEH 266 / GEH 566 Geography of Development (3 credits),(may be taken via e-mail).(Other courses may be substituted for the elective requirementwith the Department’s permission.)MINOR IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEThe requirements for the minor in Environmental Science areGEO 101 or GEO 166, GEH 235, GEO 236, and one additionalGeology or Geography course at the 300 or 400 level. Note: GEP205 is also recommended.MINOR IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCEThe minor in Geographic Information Science consists of GEP204, GEP 205, GEP 350, and either GEP 470 or GEH 490. (14credits.)CAREER PREPARATIONThe majors in Geology and Geography prepare the student forgraduate study and professional careers in geology, geography,earth sciences, oceanography, photogrammetry, regional andenvironmental studies, international relations, cartography, andurban and regional planning.106 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Courses in Geology*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.GEO 100: Marine Science. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab), 4 credits.A survey of the geological, physical, chemical, and biologicalprocesses that shape the oceans.GEO 101: Physical Geology. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab), 4 credits.The scientific method in geology. Quantitative analysis andsolution of representative geological problems. Introduction tothe earth's physical and chemical processes. Plate tectonics. Majorfeatures of the continents and ocean basins and the processesthat form and modify them. The rock cycle. Natural resourcesand the study of rocks, minerals, and maps. Optional field observations.GEO 166: Processes of Global Change. 5 hours (3, lecture;2, lab), 4 credits. Evolution of the planet Earth; global compositionand circulation of earth's air, water, and rock systems, and theirinteraction with the biosphere. Earth science-based analysis oftransnational and global environmental problems. Managementof our energy, mineral, and material resources. PREREQ: Completionof the College Requirement in Mathematics.GEO 167: Evolution of the Earth. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. Stages in the history of the earth. Origin of the earth, theancient seas and their changing shorelines, the continents andmountains, and the evolution of life on earth as seen in the fossilrecord. Laboratory work includes the study of important rocks andfossils, the interpretation of geologic maps, and the construction ofsections and maps. PREREQ: GEO 100, 101, or 166.GEO 231: Principles of Geomorphology. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. Systematic study of the face of the earth; thecharacteristics, distribution, classification, origin, and evolutionof the earth's surface features. Laboratory work includes thestudy of topographic maps, models, slides, and photographs.Field experience. PREREQ: GEO 100 ,101, or 166, or GEP 226.GEO 236: Environmental Geology. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. The geologic aspects of land and ocean use. Geologicalnature and control of water, sand, gravel, building sites, andrecreational areas. Geological factors in both exploitation andconservation of the environment. PREREQ: GEO 100, or 101, or166, or GEP 226.GEO 242: Introductory Paleontology. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. The history of animals and plants over geologic time.Paleontology evolution and extinction of organisms as seen inthe fossil record. Laboratory work, supplemented by field trips.PREREQ: GEO 167 or BIO 167, or instructor's permission.GEO 244: Mineralogy. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits. Introductionto crystallography, determinative mineralogy of rock-formingminerals. Mineral identification of hand specimens in the laboratory.Field experience. PREREQ: GEO 100, or 101, or 166.GEO 303: Stratigraphy and Sedimentology. 6 hours (3, lecture;3, lab), 4 credits. Techniques of physical and paleontologiccorrelation of rock sequences. Application of thesetechniques to basin analysis and construction of the geologictime scale. Modern classic and carbonate sedimentary environments,physical and chemical principles of sedimentationand paleoenvironmental analysis. Emphasis on the evolutionof and search for water and hydrocarbon resources. PREREQ:GEO 167 and 244.*GEO (BIO) 332: Advanced Oceanography. 5 hours, (2, lecture;3, lab or seminar; several day-long research exercises), 3.5 credits.PREREQ: GEO Major: GEO 100, either BIO 166 or BIO 167, andeither CHE 114 or CHE 166-167. PREREQ: BIO major: BIO 166-167, GEO 166 , and either CHE 114 or 166-167. Note: GEO(BIO) 332 may be credited toward either the GEO or the BIO major.*GEO 333: Petrology. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab), 4 credits.PREREQ: GEO 244.*GEO 342: Micropaleontology. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. PREREQ: Either GEO 167 or BIO 266.*GEO 344: Optical Mineralogy. 5 hours (2, lecture; 3, lab),4 credits. PREREQ: GEO 100 or 101, and GEO 244.GEO 348: Structural Geology. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. The deformation of the earth's crust: mechanics of rockdeformation. Concepts of stress and strain: behavior of rocksunder stress. Results of experimental rock deformation, and theirapplication to naturally deformed rocks. Description and analysisof large- and small-scale structures and the mechanisms thatproduce them. Selected regional examples. Laboratory studiesinclude orthographic and stereographic projection techniques ofproblem-solving and work with maps and cross-sections. Fieldexperience. PREREQ: GEO 167 and plane geometry.RECOMMENDED: PHY 168.GEO 375: Field Problems in Geology. 90 hours (fieldwork andlab), 3 credits. (Between spring and summer sessions.) One dayof laboratory work and ten days of selected field problems inNew York State, New England, New Jersey, or Pennsylvania.Areas will vary from year to year. Geologic maps will be madefrom topographic or air photo bases and will be supplementedby written reports on the individual areas. PREREQ: Either GEO167 or 244. Note: For estimated costs and dates of registration andfieldwork, consult the Department Chair.*GEO 401: X-ray Crystallography. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. PREREQ: Either GEO or CHE majors.GEO 410: Environmental Biogeochemistry. 5 hours (3 lecture,2 lab), 4 credits. In-depth study of environmental biogeochemicalprocesses and issues, ranging from aquatic to terrestrial systems.Computer and biogeochemistry laboratory exercises aredesigned to provide experience in national and transnationalenvironmental analysis. PREREQ: GEH 235 or Departmentalpermission.*GEO 426: Advanced Sedimentology. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: GEO 100 or 101, 244, and MAT 141 and 176.*GEO 448: Geotectonics. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab), 4 credits.PREREQ: GEO 167 and 348.GEO 450: Seminar. 2 hours, 2 credits; maximum, 4 credits. Majortopics of current interest in geology. Topic and instructor willchange each semester. PREREQ: GEO 244 and one 300-levelGEO course.*GEO (BIO) 470: Summer Oceanographic Research Cruise.90 hours (fieldwork and lab), 3 credits. (Between spring andsummer sessions.) PREREQ: Either GEO (BIO) 332 or BIO335. Note: Please consult either Department before registering forthis course.GEO 490: Honors in Geology. One semester; 2, 3, or 4 credits(may be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits). Individual research,including reading and—in some cases—laboratory or field investigations,to be carried out under the individual guidance of astaff member. The results must be embodied in an honors essayor other suitable presentation. PREREQ: Departmental permission.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 107

Courses in Physical Geography*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.GEP 199: Cartography and Graphic Presentation I. 6 hours(2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits. Use of drawing instruments; freehandand mechanical lettering in the construction of maps,diagrams, graphs, and charts. Elements of distance, direction,and position. Study of map projections and their use; constructionof some simpler projections. Methods of enlarging andreducing maps; drawing of profiles and traverse made by studentsin the field. Practice in the transformation of data of variouskinds into effective types of charts and graphs.GEP 204: Basic Mapping: Applications and Analysis. 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. An introduction to the world ofmaps—how to use, interpret, and analyze maps. History of cartography,map projections, scales, measurements, contour interpretations,thematic maps, charts and graphs, remote sensing,aerial photos, and geographic information systems.GEP 205: Principles of Geographic Information Science.4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. The use of Geographic InformationSystems for conducting research and spatial analysisin the natural and social sciences. The use of computer mappingand spatial analysis technologies for studying the physical andhuman components of the earth's environment. PREREQ: GEO101, or GEH 101, or Departmental permission.GEP 210: Introduction to Environmental Science. 3 hours,3 credits. Overview of environmental systems, ranging from biologicalspecies and soil conservation to water and waste management.GEP 226: Physical Geography. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. Introduction to physical geography, including basicearth-sun relationships, weather and climate, land forms, vegetation,soils, and water resources. Laboratory exercises stress theuse and interpretation of maps and other graphic materials.PREREQ: 3 credits in Geography or Geology.*GEP 227: Interpretation of Aerial Photography. 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. PREREQ: 3 credits in Geography orGeology.GEP 228: Weather and Climate. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. Introductory study of elements of weather and climate:temperature, precipitation and humidity, and air pressure andwinds. Training in the use of weather instruments to measurethese phenomena. A study of modern weather theory. Forecastingfrom the daily weather map. A study of the climates of theworld and their influences on native vegetation, soils, and humanactivities. Characteristics and use of climatological classifications.PREREQ: Three credits in Geography or Geology.GEP 229: The Geography and Geology of Petroleum. 3 hours,3 credits. World sources and distribution of petroleum and gas:origin, exploration, reserves, production, and use. Multinationalpetroleum corporations and the effect of governmental regulations,both international and national. PREREQ: Either GEO100 or 166 or 3 credits in Geography.GEP 230: Urban Environmental Management. 3 hours, 3 credits.Basic issues and possible solutions to problems of the urbanenvironment, including solid waste management, air and waterquality, noise pollution, and open-space beautification. Courseincludes strategies for citizen participation and organizationrelated to local environmental projects.*GEP 299: Cartography and Graphic Presentation II. 6 hours(2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits. PREREQ: GEP 199.GEP (BIO) 302: Biogeography. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. PREREQ: GEP 226 and BIO 166-167.GEP 350: Special Projects in Geographic Information Systems.6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab), 4 credits. May be reelected when topicchanges, for a maximum of 8 credits. Special topics in the use ofGeographic Information Systems for conducting research andspatial analysis in the natural and social sciences. The advanceduse of computer mapping and spatial analysis for studying thephysical and human components of the earth's environment.PREREQ: GEP 199, GEP 205, or Departmental permission.GEP 470: Seminar and Internship Program in Geography.4 hours, 4 credits (may be requested for a total of 8 credits). Reviewof current professional issues in the practice of Geography, especiallyin the fields of Geographic Information Systems (GIS),Environmental Geography, and Urban Geography, with weeklywork as an intern in various organizations. PREREQ: Departmentalpermission.Courses in Human Geography*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.GEH 101: An Introduction to Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits.A study of world physical/environmental and cultural patternsand the factors producing them. Maps and atlases are used torecognize and analyze these patterns.GEH 102: World Regional Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits.A study of the basic features of the each of the world's regions.GEH 111: Geography of Business and Marketing. 3 hours,3 credits. Analysis of location factors in business decisionmaking,including geographic techniques to locate and definepotential markets and marketing campaigns. Evaluation of themarket characteristics of neighborhoods, communities, andpopulations.GEH 230: Human Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of theapproach, key concepts, and methods of human geography.Emphasis will be given to the cultural landscape and locationanalysis within a systematic framework. The contribution ofthese concepts to an understanding of societal problems.PREREQ: Either GEH 166, 167, or Departmental permission.GEH 232: Medical Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction tomedical geography via a study of the way in which environmentsaffect health and disease. Effect of the distribution of healthfacilities on community health and access to health services.PREREQ: GEH 101 or instructor's permission.GEH 235: Conservation of the Environment. 3 hours, 3 credits.The impact of human activities on natural resources and environmentalquality. Topics will include soil, forests, water, wildlife,outdoor recreation, and energy resources.GEH 240: Urban Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits. The contributionof geographical concepts and methods to an understanding ofcontemporary and future urban problems. Emphasis placed onthe ghetto and the urbanized region in post-industrial societies.*GEH 242: Economic Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GEH 245: Introduction to Quantitative Methods of Geography.3 hours, 3 credits.108 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

GEH 266: Geography of Development. 3 hours, 3 credits. Anintroduction to the spatial aspects of economic development.The course provides a basis for understanding the cultural,physical, and economic differences between the world's developedand underdeveloped regions. PREREQ: GEH 101, GEH102, or Departmental permission.GEH 267: The New York Metropolitan Region. 3 hours,3 credits. An introduction to the way a geographer looks at theNew York metropolitan region and its problems. Topics includethe physical environment, population growth and distribution,housing and employment patterns, and transportation systems.PREREQ: GEH 101, GEH 102, or Departmental permission.*GEH 270: Field Geography. 90 Hours (fieldwork and lab),3 credits. PREREQ: Either GEH 166, 167, or Departmental permission.Note: For estimated costs and dates for registration andfieldwork, consult the Chair.*GEH 275: Field Geography of New York City and Vicinity.90 hours (fieldwork and lab), 3 credits. (Spring semester, Saturdaysonly.) PREREQ: GEH 166 or GEH 167 or Departmental permission.GEH 281: Geography of the United States and Canada.3 hours, 3 credits. The major features of the natural and humanenvironments of the United States and Canada. Selected regionssuch as the East coast Megalopolis and the Great Plains.PREREQ: GEH 101 or GEH 102, or Departmental permission.*GEH 283: Geography of Western Europe. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: GEH 101, GEH 102, or Departmental permission.GEH 285, 287, 289, and 291: Regional Geography of SelectedAreas. Each 3 hours, 3 credits. The geography of continents ormajor areas outside Anglo-American and Western Europe. Specialemphasis on the basic principles of economic and culturalgeography of regionalization as illustrated in the area underconsideration. PREREQ: GEH 101, GEH 102, or Departmentalpermission.285: Asia287: Africa289: Latin America (LAC 289)291: Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics*GEH 293: Geography of New York State. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: GEH 101, GEH 102, or Departmental permission.*GEH 315: Historical Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:Either GEH 166 or GEH 167 and either 181 or 183, or Departmentalpermission.*GEH 320: Population Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:Either one year's work in GEH or Departmental permission.*GEH 325: Political Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:Either GEH 166, GEH 167, or one semester of POL.*GEH 330: The History of Geographic Thought. 3 hours,3 credits.*GEH 335: Problems in Human Ecology. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: GEH 235 or GEP 230.*GEH 340: Advanced Urban Geography. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: Either GEH 240 or Departmental permission.GEH 490: Honors in Geography. One semester, 2, 3, or 4 credits(may be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits). Individual research,including reading and-in some areas-laboratory or field investigations,to be carried out under the individual guidance of a staffmember. The results must be embodied in an honors essay orother suitable presentation. PREREQ: Departmental permission.FreshmanSeminarFreshman Programs (Carman Hall, Room 339)The Freshman Seminar is a one-semester orientation course thatintroduces full-time freshmen to the college experience. Thecourse examines the goals of a liberal arts education and reinforceseffective study habits. Emphasis is placed on the students'development of their commitment to academic success. TheSeminar, offered in the Freshman Year Initiative Program, providesan opportunity for freshmen to:• Enhance academic performance in the first year;• Become aware of the College's facilities and support services;• Understand the College's academic procedures and policies;and• Explore educational goals and career plans.FYI 001: Freshman Seminar. 1 hour, 0 credits. An orientationcourse offered to all full-time freshmen enrolled in the FreshmanYear Initiative Program at Lehman College.Health ProfessionsInstituteInterdisciplinary Team ProgramsThe Health Professions Institute at Lehman College is the vehiclethrough which the College, in conjunction with the Bronxhealthcare delivery system, plans, develops, and implementsprograms designed for the pressing health care needs of theBronx and the surrounding metropolitan area. It has three goals:• To promote and conduct interdisciplinary research on topicsrelated to both health and the training of health professionals.• To develop and implement curricula as well as innovativeprograms for health personnel that are designed for this decadeand beyond.• To promote public awareness of health and health-relatedissues and community participation in health promotion anddisease prevention activities.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 109

Health SciencesChair: Andrea P. Boyar (Gillet Hall, Room 431)Advisers: Nicholas Galli, Health Education and Promotion (GilletHall, Room 422C); Andrea Boyar, Nutrition (Gillet Hall, Room,Room 432); Jane Levitt, Public Health (Gillet Hall, Room 415);Robin Kunstler, Recreation Education (APEX, Room 269)Dietetic Internship Coordinator: Susan Tree (Gillet Hall 417A)Department Faculty: Professors: Nicholas Galli, Robin Kunstler; AssociateProfessors: Andrea Boyar, Craig Demmer, Cynthia K. Hosay,Jane Levitt, Barbara Menéndez, Cheryl Merzel, Alice Tobias; AssistantProfessor: Orazio Caroleo; Instructor: Althea EngleThe Department of Health Sciences offers students the opportunityto study health education, nutrition, recreation, and healthservices administration; to learn to provide technical assistancein the analysis of health problems, policy formation, and management;and to acquire professional skill in the delivery ofservices in health, nutrition, and health services administration.The Department offers six programs of study: (1) Dietetics,Foods, and Nutrition, B.S.; (2) Health Education and Promotion,B.S.; (3) Health N-12 Teacher, B.S.; (4) Health ServicesAdministration, B.S.; (5) Recreation Education, B.S., and (6)Therapeutic Recreation. Some of these programs offer optionalspecializations. The Department offers an interdisciplinary minorin developmental disabilities and participates in the interdisciplinaryWomen's Studies Program. (See the information onthis program contained later in this Bulletin.)REQUIREMENT OF A MINORThe College's requirement of a minor field of study is waived forstudents majoring in any of the Department's programs exceptRecreation Education.DEPARTMENTAL GRADING POLICYIn each of the Department's four major programs, a minimumgrade of C- is required in all courses that are required as part ofthe major and minor. Majors and minors who do not meet thatminimum grade in a course must repeat it.Dietetics, Foods, and NutritionThe program in Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition is designed toprepare students for entry-level positions as dietitians or nutritionistsin healthcare facilities, community agencies, cooperativeextension, food service operations, and industry. Students arealso prepared for graduate study in dietetics and nutrition. Thecurriculum for the Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition major complieswith the requirements for the Didactic Program in Dietetics(D.P.D.) as described by the Council of Education of the AmericanDietetics Association (A..D.A.) and has been approved bythat professional organization. Students successfully graduatingfrom an A.D.A.-approved D.P.D. with a G.P.A. of 2.5 or betterare eligible to apply for an ADA-accredited dietetic internship(D.I.). This, in turn, enables the student to become eligible totake the registration examination in dietetics. Fieldwork andlaboratory experiences are important components of the curriculumand are planned to integrate didactic instruction with supervisedpractice.Honors in Dietetics, Foods, and NutritionDepartmental honors in Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition may beawarded to a student who has maintained an index of 3.5 in aminimum of 45 credits in all courses required for the major.54-TO-61.5-CREDIT MAJOR IN DIETETICS, FOODS, ANDNUTRITIONThe distribution of courses and credits to be earned by all majorsis as follows (38 credits):3 In Health Sciences: HSD 240 (3)19 In Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition: DFN 120 (3), DFN220 (4), DFN 330 (3), DFN 341 (3), DFN 348 (3), andDFN 430 (3)3 In Health Education and Promotion: HEA 437 (3)4 In Biological Sciences: BIO 230 (4)9 In Chemistry: CHE 114 (3)*, CHE 115 (1.5), CHE 120(3), and CHE 121 (1.5)*This course satisfies the Core Requirement in the natural sciences.OPTION I: DIETETICS, FOODS, AND NUTRITION, A.D.A.-APPROVED (61.5 CREDITS)Additional courses to be taken (23.5 credits):3 In Health Sciences: HSD 266 (3) and HSD 269 (3)*9 In Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition: DFN 445 (4), DFN448 (3), and DFN 470 (2), or DFN 471 (2), or DFN 472(2)4 In Biology: BIO 228 (4)*4.5 In Chemistry: CHE 244 (3) and CHE 245 (1.5)*BIO 181-182 (8) may be substituted.To receive a statement verifying completion of the Didactic Programin Dietetics (D.P.D.) approved by the American DieteticAssociation, students must successfully complete all coursesrequired for Option I, plus CIS 106, or demonstrate adequatecomputer literacy. Students must also successfully complete PSY166, which satisfies the Distribution Requirement in Social Sciences.OPTION II: FOOD SERVICE AND NUTRITION (54 CREDITS)This option within the major reflects the need for a concentrationin foods, foodservice, and nutrition for those students who,while seeking a degree in Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition, areparticularly interested in serving the needs of the foodserviceindustry as professionals involved in restaurants, catering, communityfood service, and corporate food service.Additional courses to be taken (16 credits):2 In Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition: DFN 470 (2)8 In Biological Sciences: BIO 181-182 (8)*3 In Computer Science: CIS 106 (3)**3 In Economics: ECO 185* This course satisfies the Distribution Requirement in the NaturalSciences.**Students who demonstrate adequate computer literacy may substituteanother course after consultation with an adviser.110 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009MINOR IN DIETETICS, FOODS, & NUTRITION (12 CREDITS)Courses must include HSD 240 and DFN 120, 341, and 348.

Health N-12 TeacherThe Health N-12 Teacher Program is designed to prepare studentsas health educators in public and private schools. Studentswho complete the Health N-12 Teacher Degree Program andwho pass the New York State Teacher Certification Examinationwill be provisionally certified as licensed teachers by the NewYork State Education Department.75- TO-76-CREDIT MAJOR IN HEALTH N-12 TEACHER, B.S.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:12 In Departmental courses: HSD 240 (3), 266 (3), 269(3), and 306 (3)28-29 In Health Education and Promotion: HEA 249 (3),267 (3), 300 (3), 303 (2), 305 (3), 307 (3), 309 (3),and 400 (3) plus 5-6 credits in elective courses chosenin consultation with an adviser12 In Biological Sciences: BIO 181* (4), 182 (4), and230 (4)23 In Education: ESC 301 (3), 302 (3), 429 (3), 409 (4),437 (4), and 470 (6).*Students in the Health N-12 Teacher program should take BIO 181as their distribution course in natural science. The credits are includedas part of the specific degree requirements. PSY 166 should be takento fulfill the Distribution Requirement in social science.HONORS IN HEALTH N-12 TEACHERDepartmental honors in Health N-12 Teacher may be awardedto a student who has met the general requirements for Departmentalhonors, including maintaining a 3.5 index in a minimumof 24 HEA credits, which must include HEA 485.Health Education and PromotionHealth education aims primarily to motivate individuals andgroups in various settings to assume greater responsibility fortheir health by learning and adopting behaviors that promotehealth and prevent disease. This is a rapidly expanding field thathas received added impetus from recent Federal legislation emphasizingdisease prevention and health promotion as majorpriorities of national social policy.The program is designed to prepare students for careers incommunity health education. Students will be able to develop,manage, and evaluate health education and promotion programsin a variety of settings where such programs are implemented.These include public and community agencies, businessand industry, hospitals, and other types of clinical facilities.The program includes two options, one in community healthand the other in community health and nutrition. Satisfactorycompletion of all program requirements in community healthenables students to apply for certification as a Health EducationSpecialist, awarded by the National Commission for HealthEducation Credentialing.HONORS IN HEALTH EDUCATION AND PROMOTIONDepartmental honors in Health Education and Promotion maybe awarded to a student who has met the general requirementsfor Departmental honors, including maintaining a 3.5 index in aminimum of 24 HEA credits, which must include HEA 485.52-57.5 CREDIT MAJOR IN HEALTH EDUCATION ANDPROMOTION, B.S.Courses to be taken by all program majors (38 credits)12 In Department courses: HSD 240, 266, 269, 30618 In Health Education and Promotion: HEA 249, 267, 300,320, 400, and 4378 In Biological Sciences: BIO 181, 182OPTION 1: COMMUNITY HEALTH (52- 53 credits)Additional courses to be taken (14-15 credits)14-15 Health Education and Promotion: HEA 440, 470, plus8-9 in HEA electives chosen in consultation with theadviser.OPTION 2: COMMUNITY HEALTH AND NUTRITION(57.5 credits)Additional courses to be taken (19.5 credits)15 In Dietetics, Foods and Nutrition: DFN 120, 220, 341,348, and 4724.5 In Chemistry: CHE 114-115Note: All students majoring in Health Education and Promotionshould take PSY 166 to fulfill the Distribution Requirement in theSocial Sciences.MINOR IN HEALTH EDUCATION AND PROMOTIONThe minor in Health Education and Promotion requires 12 credits.Courses must include HEA 249, 267, plus 6 credits of HEAcourses at the 300 level or above.Health Services AdministrationThe program in Health Services Administration aims to provideindividuals with the knowledge and skills needed by administratorsin hospitals, community health facilities, nursing homes,extended care facilities, financing and insurance agencies, healthmaintenance organizations, managed care organizations, andother health services programs. Career opportunities involvinghospital administration, the management of long-term care,managed care, and ambulatory care facilities, and the planningand implementing of many different kinds of health serviceswere all considered in designing this program. The curriculumalso prepares students for graduate study in health services administration.The Health Services Administration Program offers a courseof study leading to a B.S. degree. The curriculum includes basicstudy in the social, economic, behavioral, and natural sciences toprovide a broad liberal arts background for the professionalcourse sequence. Students who major or minor in Health ServicesAdministration can become eligible for admission to theNew York State Licensing Examination for Nursing Home Administrators.For information about this examination, consultthe Department of Health Sciences.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 111

64-CREDIT MAJOR IN HEALTH SERVICESADMINISTRATION, B.S.The distribution of courses and credits to be earned by majorspursuing the general program in Health Services Administrationis as follows (64 credits):9 In Departmental courses: HSD 266 (3), 269 (3), 306 (3)23 In Health Services Administration: HSA 267 (3), 268 (3),301 (3), 302 (3), 304 (3), 402 (3), 403 (3), 440 (2)6 In recommended electives chosen in conjunction with theadviser8 In Health Services Administration internship: HSA 470 (4),471 (4)6 In Psychology: PSY 166 (3) and one 200- or 300-level PSYcourse chosen with advisement (3)9 In Economics and Accounting: ECO 166 (3) or ECO 167(3), 171 (3) or 185 (3), and one 300-level ECO course chosenwith advisement3 In Computer Science: CIS 106Note: It is recommended that majors in Health Services Administrationfulfill their natural sciences distribution requirement in the BiologicalSciences Department.HONORS IN HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATIONDepartmental honors in Health Services Administration may beawarded to a student who has met the general requirements forDepartmental honors, including maintaining a 3.5 index in aminimum of 24 HSA credits.ADMISSION REQUIREMENTSAn application for admission to the Program in Health ServicesAdministration should be filed at the beginning of the applicant'ssophomore year (completion of 30 credits). A cumulativeindex of 2.5 is required for admission to the program.INTERNSHIPSenior students in Health Services Administration must completean 8-credit administration internship during which theyspend 28 hours a week working at a healthcare facility. If necessary,students may complete the internship over the course oftwo semesters.MINOR IN HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATIONThe minor in Health Services Administration consists of 12 credits.These must include HSD 266 and HSA 267, plus 6 creditsfrom HAS or HSD courses at the 300 level or, with the instructor'spermission, at the 400 level (excluding HSA 440, 441, 470,and 471).Recreation EducationThe program in Recreation Education leadS to the B.S. degreeand is designed to prepare students for entry into the recreationand leisure services profession. Recreation and leisure servicesare provided in a variety of settings serving people of all ages incarefully planned and organized recreation programs. Studentsmay specialize in therapeutic recreation or administration.Therapeutic recreation specialists are employed in health andhuman service settings, such as hospitals, nursing homes, adultday care, youth agencies, drug treatment centers, and homelessshelters; they work with people with a variety of disabilities andhealth conditions. Students are eligible to sit for the nationalcertification examination for certified therapeutic recreation specialist(C.T.R.S.), administered by the National Council for TherapeuticRecreation Certification.Students in the administration option are employed in publicpark and recreation agencies, not-for-profit organizations, suchas P.A.L. and the Y.M.C.A., health and fitness centers, camps,and sports associations. Students in this specialization have metthe academic requirements, upon graduation, to sit for the nationalcertifying examination for Certified Park and RecreationProfessional (C.P.R.P.), administered by the National Recreationand Park Association. Fieldwork and internship experiences areimportant components of the major, which give students theopportunity to apply theory to practice in an actual work settingunder the supervision of a qualified professional.40-CREDIT MAJOR IN RECREATION EDUCATION, B.S.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows (40credits):26 In Recreation Education: REC 300 (3), 320 (3), 321 (3), 360(3), 370 (4), 387 (3), 401 (3), and 470 (4)6 In one of two areas of specialization: either TherapeuticRecreation: REC 421 (3) and 425 (3) or Administration:REC 361 (3) and 422 (3)8 Selected from: DNC 249 (1) and 316 (2); HEA 303 (2), 307(3), 309 (3), and 310 (2); and REC 360 (3)RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES FOR RECREATIONEDUCATIONART 107 (2); DNC 101 (1), 106 (1), and 201 (1); ECE 301 (4);ESC (ECE) 300 (3); EDS 390 (3); SOC 229 (3), 231 (3), andSOC (NUR) 240 (3); PSY 232 (3), 234 (3), 335 (3), and 339(3).INTERDISCIPLINARY GERIATRIC TEAM OPTION, B.S.Students majoring in Recreation Education may elect this option.Note: Students are not being admitted to this specialization in2007-2009.The required courses and credits are as follows:Credits (40):23 REC 300, 320, 321, 370, 387, 401, 4706 REC 421 and 42511 HPI 305, 342, 343, and 442-443 (the recreation internshipwill constitute the HPI field placement)RECREATION MINORStudents may satisfy the College requirement of a minor fieldwith one of the following options:Recreation: REC 300 and 320; and two of the following: REC360, 401, or 422Therapeutic Recreation: REC 300 and 321; and two of the following:320, 421, or 425Special Topics: This option is available to students who have aninterest in a particular area not covered by the above options.Option C must be approved by the Recreation Major Adviser orthe coordinator of the Recreation Program.DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES MINORREC 321, PSY 232, EDS 390, and either FCS 449 or SPV 321.Course substitutions may be permitted with approval of thecoordinator of the Recreation Program.GERIATRIC HEALTH MINORDFN 242, HEA 310, HSA 320, and REC 325.112 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Courses in Health Sciences(Departmental Courses)*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.HSD (HPI) 200: Applied Medical and Health Care Terminology.3 hours, 3 credits. Concepts and vocabulary of health, disease, disability,causation, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and classification.PREREQ: Completion of 30 college credits.HSD 240: Nutrition and Health. 3 hours, 3 credits. Fundamentalprinciples of normal nutrition, with an emphasis on healthmaintenance and disease prevention. Discussion of nutritionalconcerns through the life cycle and nutrition programs in healthservices. PREREQ: Distribution course in the natural sciences.No credit will be given for DFN 140 if it is taken after HSD 240.HSD 266: The U.S. Healthcare Delivery System. 3 hours,3 credits. Examination of the major issues in the organizationand delivery of health and nutrition services. An overview ofhealthcare institutions, financing, management, and humanresources.HSD 269: Fundamentals of Biostatistics for Health Professionals.3 hours, 3 credits. An introduction to biostatistics as usedin health research. Emphasis on the application and interpretationof statistics in the context of health services, health education,and nutrition studies. PREREQ: MAT 132 or its equivalentand CIS 106, or demonstrated competence in database manipulation,spreadsheet calculations, and word processing.HSD 306: Epidemiology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Basic principles andmethods in epidemiology and their use in prevention and controlof health problems in populations at risk. Impact of communityhealth activities on individual and community responsesto health and nutrition problems. Epidemiological approachesto health and nutritional care and their relationship to multiculturalcommunity health activities. PREREQ: HSD 266 and 269.HSD 308: Legal Issues in Health Care. 3 hours, 3 credits. An examinationof the legal issues related to providers and consumersof health services. Application of legal doctrines to healthcaresettings. Some topics include: negligence liability, malpractice, riskmanagement, abortion, and other contemporary legal issues.HSD 416: Mental Health in America: Issues and Services.3 hours, 3 credits. Current mental health issues and their relevanceto health promotion and the management and delivery ofhealthcare services. Examination of mental healthcare serviceswithin the public and private sectors; identification of emergingservice needs, particularly within a multicultural context.PREREQ: PSY 166 and a minimum of 12 credits in the majorfield.Courses in Dietetics, Foods, andNutrition*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.DFN 120: The Nature and Science of Food. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. A comprehensive overview of the preparationand characteristics of food, including nutritional profiles, foodselection and storage, and culturally appropriate meal planning.Particular emphasis on the chemical changes and interaction offoods.*DFN 140: Current Food and Nutrition Concerns. 2 hours,2 credits. Fundamentals of the science of nutrition as they relateto current issues facing consumers. Application of nutritionprinciples to individual philosophies and lifestyles.*DFN 215: Nutrition in Health Promotion. 3 hours, 3 credits.(Closed to D.F.N. concentrators.) Introduction to the principles ofnutrition and their application to health maintenance, diseaseprevention, and treatment. COREQ: CHE 120 and BIO 182. Note:Credit will not be granted for both DFN 215 and DFN 240.DFN 220: Foods, Society, and Health. 5 hours (3, lecture;2, lab), 4 credits. An in-depth exploration of techniques of foodselection and preparation, with emphasis on sociocultural, ecological,and health issues. PREREQ: DFN 120.*DFN 221: Food, Culture, and Society. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), credits. PREREQ: DFN 120, 215, or 240, or completion of30 credits.*DFN 242: Geriatric Nutrition. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. Administration of nutritional programs serving theaged. Legislation, surveillance, and cost accountability. Assessmentof nutritional status and delivery of nutrition services.Nutrient requirements of the aged. Fieldwork in agencies providingservices to the elderly. PREREQ: DFN 215 or HSD 240.*DFN 320: Meal Management. 3 hours (1, lecture; 2, lab),2 credits. PREREQ: DFN 220 and 240.*DFN 321: Experimental Foods. 5 hours (2, lecture; 3, lab),3.5 credits. The effects on foods of varying ingredients and typesof processing. Introduction to experimental food laboratorytechniques. Class and individual problems designed to orientstudents to procedures used in developing new food products.PREREQ: DFN 220 and CHE 120-121.DFN 330: Quantity Food Procurement, Production, and Service.3 hours, 3 credits. Principles of volume food procurement,production, and service for complex food service organizations.Emphasis on quality standards, sanitation, cost control, foodservice delivery systems, and food service equipment. PREREQ:DFN 220 and HSD 240. COREQ: DFN 370.*DFN 340: Community Nutrition Education. 3.5 hours,3.5 credits. An examination of the means of assessing the nutritionalneeds of individuals and groups, including computerizedanalysis of the nutrient content of diets. Emphasis on planning,implementing, and evaluating community nutrition and educationprograms. Discussion of public and private organizations,agencies, professional resources, tools, skills, and professionalethics. Course includes a fieldwork component. PREREQ: HSD240, DFN 241, BIO 181-182.DFN 341: Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle. 3 hours, 3 credits.Current concepts and principles in human nutrition with applicationto the needs of individuals based upon age group andgender throughout the life cycle. Special attention on assistingnormal- and high-risk clients at various stages of the life cycle inmeeting nutritional needs, preventing and overcoming nutritionalproblems, and maintaining health. Programs in thecommunity will be discussed that provide nutrition education tothe public. PREREQ: HSD 240, BIO 181, 182, or 228, and DFN120 and 220.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 113

DFN 348: Nutrition in the Management of Disease I. 3 hours,3 credits. Introduction to the methods used in the identificationof nutritional needs and the planning of nutritional care in disease.Emphasis on the scientific concepts used in calculatingmodified diets and in planning menus that are consistent withthe diet prescription. Application of the principles of nutrition tocase studies and responsibilities within the managed health-caresystem. Discussion of the rationale of diet therapy. PREREQ:HSD 240, BIO 181-182 or 228, and DFN 120 and 220.*DFN 350: Trends in Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition. 3 hours,3 credits. Topics will be announced in advance each semester.PREREQ: DFN 120, 220, 240, and 330.DFN 370: Practicum in Quantity Foods. One semester, 1 credit.Field placement in dietary and food service departments withinhealthcare institutions. Includes experience in volume feedingand clinical applications. PREREQ: DFN 220 and HSD 240.COREQ: DFN 330.DFN 430: Management of Dietetic Services. 3 hours, 3 credits.Principles of organization and administration, and their applicationto food service departments within complex organizations,especially productivity standards, budgets, and facilities design.PREREQ: DFN 330 and ECO 304 or HSD 266.*DFN 440: Seminar in Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition. 1 hour,1 credit. Analysis of field experience. COREQ: DFN 470 and 430.DFN 445: Advanced Nutrition. 4 hours, 4 credits. An indepthstudy of the digestion, absorption, transport and metabolismof the energy nutrients, and of the metabolic functionsof water and selected vitamins and minerals. Dietarycalculations based on current nutrient standards and analysisof topical nutrition research. PREREQ: HSD 240, CHE 244-245, and BIO 181-182 or 228.DFN 448: Nutrition in the Management of Disease II. 3 hours,3 credits. A case study approach to the nutritional assessmentand management of patients with medical and surgical problems.Emphasis on the analysis of anthropometric, laboratory,clinical, and dietary data in determining nutritional needs andon planning compensatory nutritional therapy based on theseneeds. PREREQ: DFN 348.DFN 470: Dietetic Services Field Experience. Field placement,2 credits. A minimum of 100 hours of supervised field experiencein a foodservice operation. Periodic meetings with the instructor.A paper is required. PREREQ: DFN 330 and permission of theinstructor.DFN 471: Field Experience in Clinical Nutrition. Field placement,3 credits. A minimum of 100 hours of supervised fieldexperience in a healthcare facility that offers clinical nutritionalservices. Periodic meetings with the instructor. A paper is required.PREREQ: DFN 348 and permission of instructor.DFN 472: Field Experience in Community Nutrition. Fieldplacement, 2 credits. A minimum of 100 hours of supervised fieldexperience in a healthcare facility that offers community nutritionalservices. Periodic meetings with the instructor. A paper isrequired. PREREQ: DFN 341 and HEA 437.DFN 485: Independent Study in Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition.One semester, 2-3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Independentstudy in an appropriate field under the direction of afaculty adviser. PREREQ: DFN 120 and 220, HSD 240, andpermission of the faculty adviser.DFN 490: Honors in Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition. Onesemester, 2-3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Independent researchunder the supervision of a faculty member, leading to completionof an honors paper. PREREQ: Departmental permission.DFN 491: Selected Topics in Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition. 3hours, 3 credits. Analysis of current issues in dietetics, foods, andnutrition. PREREQ: HSD 240 plus 9 additional credits in DFN.Courses in Health Education andPromotion*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*HEA (WST) 136: Family and Community Health. 2 hours,2 credits. Study of the relationship of the home and communityin developing optimal health.*HEA 167: School and Community Health. 3 hours, 3 credits.Health services, healthful school environment, and health instructionas school and community responsibilities. Relationshipbetween school and community health programs.HEA 211: Perspectives on AIDS. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examinationof HIV/AIDS in the United States and the world, including biomedicalaspects of HIV/AIDS, history of the epidemic, epidemiology,prevention, treatment, and policy issues.HEA 249: Foundations of Health. 3 hours, 3 credits. Criticalappraisal of present practices in health. Analysis of historical andphilosophical developments as they relate to health services andeducation.HEA 265: Contemporary Health Problems. 3 hours, 3 credits.Scientific study of healthful living. Emphasis on identificationand analysis of contemporary health issues and problems andreview of related research.HEA 266: Research Techniques in Health Education. 3 hours,3 credits. Basic concepts of research and evaluation applied toschool and community health. Exploration of the tools of measurementand methods of analyzing and interpreting data.HEA 267: Human Behavior and Health. 3 hours, 3 credits. Psychological,social, and cultural determinants of health behavior,implications for educators in school and community settings,and conditions and phenomena that affect acceptance of healthinformation. PREREQ: PSY 166, SOC 166, or Departmentalpermission.HEA 300: Introduction to Public Health. 3 hours, 3 credits.Science of community health. Prevention and control of disease,vital statistics, and current health problems. PREREQ: HSD 269and BIO 181.HEA 301: Environmental Health. 3 hours, 3 credits. Descriptionand analysis of causative agents of the major pollutants and theireffects on man and society. PREREQ: Two courses in the naturalsciences.HEA 302 (WST 303): Women and Health. 3 hours, 3 credits.Physiological, psychological, political, and social determinantsof the health and healthcare of women. PREREQ: Two courses inthe behavioral sciences.HEA 303: Safety Education, Accident Prevention, and FirstAid. 2 hours, 2 credits. Principles of safe living; theory and practiceof first aid procedures. Satisfactory completion of this coursewill result in the awarding of the American Red Cross First AidCertificate.114 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

HEA 304: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (C.P.R.) Basic LifeSupport. 1 hour, 1 credit. Instruction in the principles and skillsof emergency first aid for respiratory failure and cardiac arrest invictims of all ages. Mouth-to-mouth breathing, C.P.R., and carefor an obstructed airway. Upon satisfactory completion of thiscourse, students will receive American Red Cross certification inbasic life support.HEA 305: Health Appraisal. 3 hours, 3 credits. Techniques ofhealth appraisal, recording, and interpreting health data, referral,and follow-up procedures, with emphasis on health counselingand peer group consultation. PREREQ: Two courses in the behavioralsciences.HEA (WST) 307: Human Sexuality. 3 hours, 3 credits. Physiological,psychological, and social aspects of human sexual developmentand function. PREREQ: Either one course in each of thebiological and behavioral sciences or Departmental permission.HEA (WST) 308: Parenting and Child Health. 3 hours, 3 credits.The development of the child as a growing personality; factorsinfluencing physical, emotional, and social development. Careof the premature baby; infant and maternal mortality; habitformation; parenting skills and training; signs of health, disease,and abuse; boarding out of children; adoption; day care andnursery school. PREREQ: HEA (WST) 307 or Departmental permission.HEA 309: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs. 3 hours, 3 credits.The use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. Emphasis onthe physiological, psychological, and social effects.HEA 310: Health and Aging. 3 hours, 3 credits. The middle andlater years of life. Physiological, psychological, and social aspectsof the aging process. Examination of agencies and programsestablished to meet the health needs of the aged. PREREQ: Twocourses in the behavioral sciences.HEA 320: Health Counseling. 3 hours, 3 credits. Overview of thecounseling process, including theoretical approaches and strategiesand techniques for health behavior change. Applications tosuch health problems as obesity, drug and alcohol use, smoking,STDs, HIV disease, and heart disease. Prerequisite: Either HEA267, HEA 300, or Departmental permission.HEA 360: Selected Topics in Health. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Consideration of recent developments in the field ofhealth. PREREQ: 60 college credits.HEA 400: Program Planning and Evaluation. 3 hours, 3 credits.Identification and analysis of the processes of planning and evaluatinghealth education and promotion programs. Examination ofprograms in schools, community health agencies, clinical facilities,and worksite/industrial settings. PREREQ: HEA 249, 267, plus 2HEA courses at 300 level. COREQ: HEA 437 or ESC 437.HEA 437: Strategies in Community Health and Nutrition Education.3 hours, 3 credits. Assessment of health and nutritionalneeds within a multicultural context. Identification, selection,and implementation of strategies for dissemination of healthand nutrition information into the community, focusing onindividuals with special needs. PREREQ: HEA 400 or satisfactorycompletion of 18 credits in Health Education and Promotion orDietetics, Food, and Nutrition, or permission of the instructor.HEA 440: Seminar in Community Health. 2 hours, 2 credits.A study of the factors involved in the development, organization,administration, and supervision of health education programswithin the various types of community health agencies.COREQ: HEA 470; PREREQ: HEA 400.HEA 470: Internship in Community Health I. Two-day-per-weekfield placement, 4 credits. Supervised placement and conferencesin community health agencies. On-the-job training in a public,private, voluntary, or professional health agency. PREREQ: HEA400 and Departmental permission. COREQ: HEA 440.HEA 485: Honors. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).Individual study, under faculty guidance, leading to completionof an honors essay. PREREQ: Departmental permission.HEA 493: Special Projects. One semester, 2-3 credits (maximum6 credits). Individual project or research of a selected topic underthe direction of a faculty member. PREREQ: Departmental permission.Courses in Health ServicesAdministration*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*HSA 250: I.C.D.-9-C.M. Coding I. 2 hours, 2 credits. Introductionto the I.C.D.-9-C.M. medical records coding system, focusingon the coding of uncomplicated diseases and surgicalprocedures within hospitals and other inpatient health serviceorganizations. PREREQ: BIO 181 or 183, HSD 200, and CIS106.*HSA 251: I.C.D.-9-C.M. Coding II. 2 hours, 2 credits. Continuationof HSA 250, covering advanced areas of medical recordscoding. Emphasis on sequencing of multiple diagnoses andprocedures to assure correct reimbursement. Review of datacollection systems used by hospitals and other inpatient healthservices organizations. PREREQ: HSA 250.*HSA 252: Coding for Ambulatory Care. 2 hours, 2 credits.Coding of medical procedures performed in outpatient settings,including physicians' offices, ambulatory surgery centers, andhospital outpatient departments. Overview of the requirementsfor reporting professional services for the government, insurancecompanies, and other third-party payers. PREREQ: BIO 181 or183, HSD 200, and CIS 106.HSA 267: Management of Health Organizations. 3 hours, 3 credits.Fundamental concepts of management theory. Examination ofthe structure of health organizations and administrative processes,such as planning, problem solving and decision making, andquality and productivity improvement. Emphasis on the majorissues and problem areas confronting health administrators.HSA 268: Managed Health Care. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comprehensiveoverview of basic concepts of managed health care,including types of managed care organizations, use of data andreports in utilization and quality management, Medicaid andMedicare managed care, and other critical issues. PREREQ: HSD266 and HSA 267.HSA 301: Human Resources Management and Labor Relationsin Health Services. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of the challengesand conflicts inherent in managing human resources in healthservices organizations. Examination of policy formulation, recruitment,selection, training and development, wage and salaryadministration, motivation, and labor relations. PREREQ: HSA267 or faculty permission.HSA 302: Computer Applications in Health Services Administration.3 hours, 3 credits. An introduction to the use of thecomputer by health care administrators. An overview of softwareprograms useful for administrative tasks, including medicalinformation management, medical records processing, budgetpreparation, and report writing. PREREQ: HSA 267, HSD 269,and CIS 106.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 115

*HSA 303: Operations Analysis of the Health DeliverySystem. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: HSA 267, 268, ECO 166or 167, 171, or 185.HSA 304: Financial Aspects of Health Care Administration.3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of the major issues related to thefinancing of health services, including budgeting, cost containment,reimbursement policies, and financial strategies. Overviewof the major trends affecting financial management of health institutions.PREREQ: HSA 267, 268, and ECO 171 or 185.HSA 320: Long-Term Care Administration. 3 hours, 3 credits.An examination of the structure and operations of long-termcare organizations and institutions, focusing on issues affectingthe management, financing, and implementation of long-termcare. Topics covered include policies and regulations related tothe administration of long-term care facilities; human resourcesmanagement in long-term care; marketing long-term care; andthe multidisciplinary team approach in the delivery of services tothe elderly, mentally ill, chronically ill, and disabled. NOTE:Successful completion of this course satisfies part of the requirementsfor admission to the New York State Licensing Examination for NursingHome Administrators. For information about this examination,consult the Department of Health Sciences. PREREQ: HSA 267.HSA 350: Contemporary Health Issues. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Recent topics of interest pertinent to themanagement and delivery of healthcare. Emphasis will be givento administrative, political, legislative, and legal dimensions ofcurrent health issues. PREREQ: HSD 266 and HSA 267.HSA 385: Independent Study in Health Services Administration.One semester, 2-3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Individualstudy and research of a selected topic, under direction of a facultymember. PREREQ: Departmental permission.HSA 402: Research and Program Evaluation in Health ServicesAdministration. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of research techniquesand their applications in healthcare administration. Principlesof research design and program evaluation. Emphasis onstudent involvement in empirical research and evaluation.PREREQ: HSD 269, CIS 106, and a minimum of 12 credits inHSD or HSA courses.HSA 403: Strategic Management: Health Planning in a CompetitiveEnvironment. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of theissues and techniques relevant to the planning of health deliverysystems, with emphasis on marketing approaches in a competitivehealthcare environment. PREREQ: A minimum of 18 creditsin HSD or HSA courses.HSA 440: Seminar in Health Services Administration: Analysisof Field Work Experience. 2 hours, 2 credits. Seminar is takenconcurrently with the internship in Health Services Administration.Provides an opportunity for students to integrate conceptual,academic learning with practical experiences in a settingwhere health administration students can interface in operationalexperiences and be exposed to management responsibility.Special emphasis given to different approaches in problemsolving and the development of professional attitudes and values.COREQ: HSA 470.HSA 441: Seminar in Health Services Administration: Analysisof Field Work Experience. 2 hours, 2 credits. Continuation ofHSA 440. See description for HSA 440. COREQ: HSA 471.HSA 470: Administrative Skills in Health Services OrganizationsI. 180 hours of field placement, 4 credits. Administrativepractice with a preceptor, focusing on the development of specific,role-related technical and professional skills necessary tofunction as an administrator. PREREQ: Departmental permission.COREQ: HSA 440 or 441, and 471, or Departmental permission.HSA 471: Administrative Skills in Health Services OrganizationsII. 180 hours of field placement, 4 credits. Continuation ofHSA 470. PREREQ: Departmental permission. COREQ: HSA 440or 441, and 470, or Departmental permission.HSA 490: Honors in Health Services Administration. Onesemester, 3 credits. Independent research or project under facultyguidance. Written report required. PREREQ: Departmental permission.Courses in Recreation EducationREC 300: History and Philosophy of Recreation. 3 hours,3 credits. Reviews historical development of recreation and leisureand examines theories of play and recreation and the functionsof organized recreation services in the U.S. today.REC 320: Recreation Leadership. 3 hours, 3 credits. Leadershipprinciples and techniques. Group processes and methods forworking with diverse populations in varied recreation and leisureservice settings. In-class leadership exercises and practice.REC 321: Introduction to Therapeutic Recreation Service.3 hours, 3 credits. Overview of special recreation programs providedin institutions or community settings for the physically,mentally, socially, or emotionally disabled. Examines basic conceptsand models of service with field observations.REC 325: Therapeutic Recreation in Long-Term Care. 3 hours,3 credits. Principles and practices of therapeutic recreation servicesin settings serving the elderly, with emphasis on the role ofthe therapeutic recreation professional in client assessment anddesign of appropriate interventions to address healthcare needs.PREREQ: 45 credits.REC 360: Selected Topics in Recreation. 3 hours, 3 credits. Considerationof recent developments in recreation. PREREQ: Six creditswithin program area or permission of program coordinator.REC 361: Camp Leadership and Outdoor Recreation. 3 hours,3 credits. Foundations of outdoor recreation in urban and wildernesssettings; environmental issues as they affect recreationprogram planning; outdoor recreation activities, management,and leadership.REC 370: Recreation Internship. 180 hours plus conferences,4 credits. Supervised placement in a recreation or leisure serviceagency in order to develop knowledge of professional practicethrough on-site experience, with emphasis on leadership andprogramming. PREREQ: REC 300, 320, and 321.REC 387: Research and Evaluation in Recreation Service.3 hours, 3 credits. Basic concepts of research and evaluation appliedto the operation of recreation and park programs. Explorestechniques of measurement and methods of analyzing and interpretingdata. PREREQ: REC 300, and 321.REC 401: Administration of Recreation Services. 3 hours,3 credits. Examines management theories and practices in recreationagencies and organizations. Topics include personnel management,public relations, budget and finance, and facilitydesign and operation. PREREQ: REC 300, 320, and 321.REC 421: Programs in Therapeutic Recreation Service. 3 hours,3 credits. Examines program services, leadership methods, andcurrent trends and issues in therapeutic recreation service. Individualand group program planning, including assessment, activityanalysis, evaluation, and documentation. PREREQ: REC 300,320, and 321.REC 422: Program Planning in Recreation. 3 hours, 3 credits.Examines program development and supervision in communitybasedrecreation programs operated by governmental, voluntary,and private agencies. Explores recreation program formats andmodalities. PREREQ: REC 300 and 320.116 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

REC 425: Processes and Techniques of Therapeutic Recreation.3 hours, 3 credits. The application of therapeutic recreationprinciples to the clinical situation, including helping skills,therapeutic group process, intervention techniques and methods,and theoretical foundations of therapeutic recreation.PREREQ: REC 421.REC 470: Senior Internship in Recreation. 1 hour, lecture; minimum180 field hours, 4 credits. Supervised placement in a recreationsetting in which the student will receive advanced trainingin therapeutic recreation or in administration of recreationprograms. PREREQ: 18 credits in recreation, including REC 370.REC 485: Honors. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).Individual study, under faculty guidance, leading to completionof an honors essay or production book in the case of creativeperformance. PREREQ: Departmental permission.REC 493: Special Project. One semester, 2 credits (maximum4 credits). Special problems, research, and production and/orperformance, under faculty guidance. PREREQ: Departmentalpermission.Courses in RehabilitationREH 220: Introduction to Developmental Disabilities. 3 hours, 3credits. Characteristics and needs of individuals with developmentaldisabilities; the developmental disabilities service system, itshistory, values, and strategies for community-based support.PREREQ: 30 credits or Departmental permission.REH 240: Principles of Psychiatric Rehabilitation. 3 hours,3 credits. Introduction to the principles and process of psychiatricrehabilitation. Emphasis on assisting persons with long-termpsychiatric disabilities to function in various environments.Examination of the differences between rehabilitation andtreatment, and the nature of psychiatric disability. PREREQ: 30credits or Departmental permission.Courses in Exercise ScienceEXS 264: Physical Fitness and Exercise. 3 hours, 3 credits. Natureand scope of the health-related aspects of physical fitness,emphasizing assessment, self-management skills, and the importanceof a healthy lifestyle, as applied to individual and groupfitness settings.EXS 265: Behavioral Aspects of Physical Activity. 3 hours,3 credits. Conceptual and theoretical frameworks for understandingthe behavioral component of physical activity and exercise,and for developing intervention strategies for enhancing physicalactivity and exercise behavior.EXS 315: Kinesiology and Biomechanics. Study and applicationof anatomic and mechanical principles of human movement.PREREQ: BIO 181, BIO 182.EXS 316: Motor Learning and Performance. Effects of psychological,social maturational, and neurophysiological factors onthe learning and performance of movement patterns. PREREQ:BIO 181, BIO 182.EXS 323: Exercise Physiology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Human anatomyand physiology as related to physical activity, exercise, andwork. Study of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and pulmonarysystems; bioenergetics; and body composition, anatomyand physiology of aging, and health-related benefits. PREREQ:BIO 181 and BIO 182.EXS 326: Exercise Testing and Prescription. 3 hours, 3 credits.Principles of fitness and the development of exercise programsto enhance health and/or human performance in a variety ofsettings. Methods of evaluating physiological adaptation to exercise,using laboratory and field experiences. PREREQ: EXS 323,BIO 181, BIO 182, CHE 114, CHE115. PREREQ or COREQ:CHE 120, CHE 121.EXS 342: Sports Nutrition. 3 hours, 3 credits. Nutritional andmetabolic requirements of physical activity. The health and wellbeingbenefits of an optimal diet-exercise regimen for physicalactivity, exercise and sport participation will be emphasized.PREREQ: HSD 240, BIO 181, BIO 182, CHE 114, CHE 115, EXS323. PREREQ or COREQ: CHE 120, CHE 121.EXS 423: Exercise Physiology II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Human anatomyand physiology as related to physical activity, exercise, andwork. Study of the nervous, endocrine, muscular, and cardiovascularsystems. Factors that affect physiological function, energytransfer, and exercise performance. PREREQ: EXS 323, CHE 114,CHE 115. PREREQ or COREQ: CHE 120, CHE 121.EXS 424: Principles and Practices of Fitness and WellnessProgramming. 3 hours, 3 credits. Planning fitness and wellnessprograms for a variety of settings, with emphasis on selectingappropriate modalities, needs of specific groups, and safety considerations.PREREQ: EXS 326.EXS 426: Exercise Testing and Prescription for Special Populations.3 hours, 3 credits. Prescribing and modifying exercise programsfor individuals and groups based on age, medicalconditions, and special needs, including coronary heart disease,diabetes, asthma, obesity, arthritis, pregnancy, and physical andmental challenges. PREREQ: EXS 326.EXS 430: Research Methods in Exercise Science. 3 hours,3 credits. Concepts of research and evaluation in exercise science.Techniques of measurement and methods of analyzing andinterpreting data. PREREQ: HSD 269 and EXS 423.EXS 470: Internship in Exercise Science I. 3 hours (8 field,1 lecture), 3 credits. Supervised placement in a commercial fitnesssetting in order to develop knowledge of professional practicethrough on-site experience, with emphasis on leadership andprogramming. PREREQ: EXS 326, EXS 424, and permission ofadviser.EXS 471: Internship in Exercise Science II. 3 hours (8 field,1 lecture), 3 credits. Supervised placement in a clinical or corporatefitness setting in order to develop knowledge of professionalpractice through on-site experience, with emphasis on leadershipand programming. PREREQ: EXS 326, EXS 424, EXS 470 andpermission of adviser.EXS 485: Honors in Exercise Science. 1 Semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Individual study, under faculty guidance,leading to completion of an honors essay or research manuscript.PREREQ: Completion of 18 credits in Exercise Sciencewith a 3.2 G.P.A. and permission of adviser.EXS 493: Special Project in Exercise Science. 1 Semester, 2-3credits (maximum 6 credits). Individual study, under faculty guidance,leading to a project of practical application in the field.PREREQ: Completion of 18 credits in Exercise Science and permissionof adviser.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 117

HistoryChair: Timothy Alborn (Carman Hall, Room 202B)Adviser: Evelyn Ackerman (Carman Hall, Room 296)Department Faculty: Distinguished Professor: Joseph W. Dauben;Professors: Evelyn B. Ackerman, Jose Luis Rénique; Associate Professors:Timothy Alborn, Martin J. Burke, Marie Marianetti, Andrew W.Robertson, Duane Tananbaum; Assistant Professors: Dina LeGall,Cindy Lobel, Robyn Spencer; Lecturer: Robert ValentineThe Department of History offers a variety of courses that coverthe ancient world, European civilization, the United States, andnon-Western civilizations. Students are encouraged to interpretand discuss the diversity of human experience, and to thinkcritically about the ways in which historical events affect theirown lives. The Department participates in the interdisciplinaryprograms in Classical Culture, Latin American and CaribbeanStudies, and American Studies. The faculty members in the Departmentare committed to excellence in narrative and analyticalhistorical reading and writing. They offer a variety of services tostudents who wish to improve their reading or writing skills, orwho wish to pursue a historical problem in more depth thanclass time permits. Students may also study with members of thefaculty on independent reading or research projects.Career Opportunities: History majors frequently enter careers inareas such as education, law, politics, business, library work, andgovernment. History students who wish to discuss career opportunitiesor advanced studies in graduate school should consultwith the Department Chair.Programs30-CREDIT MAJOR IN HISTORY, B.A.The History major consists of 30 credits. These shall be selectedfrom courses at the 300- or 400-level. History courses numberedbelow the 300-level do not qualify toward the major. Studentswho wish to take 300- or 400-level courses must have successfullycompleted the Historical Studies distribution requirement(Area VI), or must have obtained permission from the Department.The 30 credits required for the fulfillment of the History majormust be distributed as follows:• 9 in HIU (American history)• 9 in HIA (ancient and medieval history) and/or HIE (modernEuropean history)• 9 in HIS (comparative history) and/or HIW (non-Westernhistory).• 3 in any of the five subject codes.Note: Students who are fulfilling the Teacher Certification Requirementin Education should take HIU 348 as their 3-credit elective.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN HISTORYThe History minor consists of 12 credits (four 3-credit courses).These shall be selected from 200-, 300-, or 400-level courses. Atleast two courses must be at the 300 or 400 level.TEACHER OF SOCIAL STUDIESHistory is an approved major for students wishing to becomeelementary school teachers or middle- or high school socialstudies teachers. Students interested in becoming teachersshould meet with the History Department UndergraduateAdviser to plan their program as soon as possible in their academiccareer. They should also consult with the Office of theDean of Education (Carman B-33, 718-960-4972) for the latestinformation on State requirements for teacher certification.Introductory Courses*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.HIS 241: Modern Western Civilization from the Seventeenth tothe Nineteenth Centuries. 3 hours, 3 credits. Major themes inEuropean history from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century.HIS 242: Contemporary European History. 3 hours, 3 credits.Major themes in European history from the nineteenth centuryto the present.HIS 243: Foundations of the United States. 3 hours, 3 credits.Major themes in American history from the end of colonizationto the Civil War.HIS 244: Modern United States History. 3 hours, 3 credits. Majorthemes in U.S. history from the era of the Civil War andReconstruction to the present.HIS 246: Civilizations of the Ancient World. 3 hours, 3 credits.A survey of the Mediterranean world, beginning with the firsthumans and tracing the development of civilization from Mesopotamiaand Egypt to ancient Greek City-States and the fall ofRome.HIS 247: Medieval Civilization. 3 hours, 3 credits. Western Europefrom the fall of Rome through the Protestant Reformation.HIS 249: Islamic Civilization. 3 hours, 3 credits. The formationand diffusion of Islamic civilization during the medieval andearly modern period in Anatolia, the Balkans, Africa, andSouth Asia.HIS 250: Understanding History. 3 hours, 3 credits. (May berepeated once with change of topic and Departmental approval.)An introduction to the investigation and the interpretation ofthe past. Strongly recommended for beginning students. Historicalsubjects vary each semester. (Consult the “Schedule ofClasses” for specific topics and sections.)HIS (LAC) 266: Introduction to Latin America and the CaribbeanI. 3 hours, 3 credits. Survey of the peoples and civilizations ofPre-Columbian America, and of the institutions, economy, history,and culture of Latin America and the Caribbean from theEuropean conquest to the early nineteenth century (1492-1808).HIS (LAC) 267: Introduction to Latin America and the CaribbeanII. 3 hours, 3 credits. Survey of the nations and cultures,history, economy, and politics of Latin America and the Caribbeanfrom the early nineteenth century to the present.*HIS 281: Introductory Tutorial in History. One semester,3 credits. (May not be repeated.) PREREQ: Faculty member'spermission prior to registration.118 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Advanced CoursesAdvanced history courses are divided into five subject groups that areidentified by the following course codes:HIA:HIE:HIS:HIU:HIW:Ancient Civilization and Medieval CivilizationModern EuropeSpecial and Comparative Historical TopicsUnited StatesAsia, Latin America, and Non-Western CivilizationsHistory of Ancient and MedievalCivilizations*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*HIA (HCU) 302: Biblical History and Archaeology. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of biblical history in the light of archaeologicalresearch. Readings from ancient Hebrew sources in translation inrelation to major archaeological discoveries in Israel and theNear East.HIA (HCU) 304: Ancient Jewish History. 3 hours, 3 credits.Survey of the development of the Jewish people, including theorigin of the Hebrews, the experience at Sinai, the United andDivided Kingdoms, the Babylonian exile, the Second Commonwealth,Jewish law and thought, and contacts with the Greeksand Romans.HIA 306: History of Religions in the Ancient World. 3 hours,3 credits. A survey of religious beliefs and practices of the AncientNear Eastern and Mediterranean worlds. Religious customs ofthe ancient Mesopotamian cultures; Mycenaean, Minoan, andClassical Greek myth and ritual; Hellenistic religions and mysteryreligious cults; private household worship in the RomanRepublic; and public religious faith in the Roman Empire.HIA/ACU/WST 311: Women in Antiquity. 3 hours, 3 credits.Examination of the image, role, and status of women in bothAncient Greek and Roman society, as seen from the importantliterary works of antiquity.HIA 314: Classical Myth and Society. 3 hours, 3 credits.A comparison of the origins and development of classical mythologyand heroic legend as religious beliefs, their relation toother mythologies, and their adaptation in literature and artfrom Hesiod and Homer through the present. A comparativeanalysis of Near Eastern and Nordic myth will be provided.HIA (ACU) 316: Greek Archaeology of the Classical Period.3 hours, 3 credits. Study of major Greek sites of the fourth andfifth centuries B.C., including the topographies of Athens,Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes. The influence of Greece on surroundingcivilizations, such as Persia's, will be investigated, andthe effects of the cultural and political life of the period on urbandevelopment will be stressed.HIA (ACU) 318: Roman Archaeology and Topography.3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the major pre-Roman sites of Italy,including the cities of Etruria. The development of the city ofRome during the Republican period, and the investigation ofsites such as Pompeii and Herculaneum. The spread of Romano-Hellenisticurban civilization throughout the Mediterraneanregion during the Empire. A detailed study of thetopography of Imperial Rome.HIA 320: History of Ancient Greece. 3 hours, 3 credits. The AncientGreeks from prehistoric times through the development ofthe City-State to the death of Alexander the Great. The political,economic, social, and cultural achievement during the Bronzeand the Dark Ages, the Archaic and the Classical Period, and theHellenistic Era.HIA 321: History of Rome. 3 hours, 3 credits. Foundation anddevelopment of the Roman state, including the rise and declineof the Roman Republic and the establishment and fall of theEmpire, with emphasis on its political, economic, social, andcultural achievements.*HIA 325: The Early Christians. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HIA (HCU) 330: The Jews During the Middle Ages. 3 hours,3 credits.*HIA 331: Life and Society in the Middle Ages. 3 hours,3 credits. The shaping of the European way of life, from 800 to1450 A.D.: war and peace, work and play, trade and travel, townand country, religious practices, love and sex, clothing and housing,and diet and health care.*HIA (HCU) 333: A History of Jews in Spain and the SephardicDispersion. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HIA 336: England in the Middle Ages. 3 hours, 3 credits.HIA 348: Introduction to the History of Science, from AncientScience to the Scientific Revolution. 3 hours, 3 credits. The coursefocuses on the essential problems science has faced in theory, religion,and philosophy, providing a background to the understandingof science and its historical development. It studies the character ofscience in ancient Egypt and Babylonia; the content, methodology,and philosophy of science during the age of Plato and Aristotle; theemergence and decline of Islamic science; the contributions of themedieval period; the roots of the scientific revolution of the Renaissance;the significance of the work of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,Vesalius, and Harvey; and the methods and values of science thatemerged from an age of witchcraft, magic, and alchemy before thetime of Isaac Newton.HIA 350: Topics in Ancient and Medieval History. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Various sections on specific topicsin ancient and medieval history. (For specific topics and sectionsoffered each semester, consult the Department.)HIA 381: Individual Tutorial Project in Ancient and MedievalHistory. One semester, 3 credits. (May be repeated for a total of 6credits.) Individual reading and writing on a specific topic inancient and medieval history, under faculty direction. PREREQ:Satisfactory completion of 60 college credits, including one 300-or 400-level History course, unless exempted, and instructor'spermission prior to registration.History of Modern Europe*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.HIE 301: Introduction to the History of Science, from Descartesand Newton to Darwin and Einstein. 3 hours, 3 credits.The course examines the nature and significance of scientificthinking in general through the study of the work of Descartes,Leibnitz, and Newton; the conflict between science and religionin the seventeenth century; materialism's penetration of biologyfrom physics; the revolution in chemistry associated withPriestly and Lavoisier; the interface between science and theindustrial revolution; the work of the French biologist ClaudeBernard, illustrating the development of biology and experimentalmedicine; the startling work of Charles Darwin; and twentieth-centurytopics, such as field and atomic theory, relativity,and quantum theory, and their important philosophical implications.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 119

HIE 302: The Age of the Reformation. 3 hours, 3 credits. Conditionsof life, society, and politics on the eve of the Reformation;abuses in the early sixteenth-century Roman Catholic churchand Catholic reform before Luther; Luther's personality andtheology; Luther's break from Rome; religious radicalism andpeasant revolt as unintended results of Lutheran reform.HIE 303: The Age of the Counter-Reformation. 3 hours,3 credits. Religious persecution, ideological warfare, and politicalrebellion in the context of the sixteenth-century Counter-Reformation; Catholicism and Calvinism; the Spanish Inquisition;the Netherlands' revolt against Spain; the St. Bartholomew'sMassacre; the French religious wars; and the Armada.HIE 307: Europe Under the Old Regime. 3 hours, 3 credits.Society, politics, and economy in Europe from 1600 to 1789.Enlightened absolutism in France and Prussia; the English CivilWar and the Glorious Revolution; changes in the rural economy;the rise of religious enthusiasm; foreign trade and colonial expansion;the rise of the middle classes; the Enlightenment andthe origins of the French Revolution.HIE 308: The French Revolution and Napoleon. 3 hours,3 credits. Preconditions of discontent in late eighteenth-centuryFrance, the origin and unfolding of the French Revolution, theThermidorean Reaction, the rise of Napoleon and his influencein Europe.HIE 309: Europe, 1815-1914. 3 hours, 3 credits. Political, economic,social, and intellectual ideas and developments from theCongress of Vienna to World War I.HIE 310: History of European Diplomacy. 3 hours, 3 credits.Survey of European diplomacy, with special emphasis on nineteenth-and twentieth-century developments.HIE 314: Europe in the Twentieth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits.World War I, the rise and fall of communism in Russia and EasternEurope, fascism, World War II, postwar prosperity, Europeanunion, and the impact of immigration.HIE 315: The Enlightenment. 3 hours, 3 credits. Travel literatureand the early Enlightenment, the spread of Enlightenment ideas,such as natural laws, natural rights, and market forces.HIE 316: The History of Ideas and Ideologies in Nineteenth-Century Europe. 3 hours, 3 credits. The social and intellectualformation of liberalism, conservatism, nationalism, socialism,and anarchism, and their impact on political and social changein modern Europe.HIE 317: The History of Ideas and Ideologies in Twentieth-Century Europe. 3 hours, 3 credits. The social movements andideas that have shaped our modern consciousness, includingcommunism, fascism, existentialism, feminism, revolution, andtotal war.HIE 321: Tudor-Stuart England. 3 hours, 3 credits. The advent ofthe Tudor dynasty, Henry VIII, the divorce, and the church; QueenElizabeth’s government and the church, and Elizabethan society;poverty and vagrancy in the Tudor state; the divine right of kingsand mass political attitudes in early Stuart England; the origins ofthe civil war; the execution of Charles I; Oliver Cromwell and theSaints; Restoration England; and the Glorious Revolution.HIE 322: Britain in the Age of Industrialization and Empire.3 hours, 3 credits. Modern Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenthcenturies. The impact of the industrial revolution onBritish society; the American Revolution; democratization; depression,imperialism, and the new liberalism; and the Irishquestion in British politics.HIE 323: Britain in the Twentieth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits.World War I and its effects on politics and society; the economiccrisis of 1931 and the National Government; depression; Churchilland the war effort; the Labour Party, nationalization andthe welfare state after 1945; decolonization; economy and societyunder Thatcher; the rise of New Labour.*HIE 325: Italy from Napoleon through Mussolini. 3 hours,3 credits.HIE 330: History of Modern France. 3 hours, 3 credits. Frenchpolitics, society, economy, and culture from the fall of Napoleonto the crisis of 1968. The revolutions of the nineteenth century,colonial policy and decolonization, World Wars and recoveryafter 1950.HIE 333: Modern Ireland. 3 hours, 3 credits. The political, economic,social, and cultural history of Ireland from the late eighteenthcentury to the present.*HIE 335: History of Spain. 3 hours, 3 credits.HIE 336: Early Russian History. 3 hours, 3 credits. Origins of Russianhistory, Kievan, Muscovite, and early Imperial Russia to 1855.HIE 337: Modern Russian History. 3 hours, 3 credits. Russia from1855 to the present, including the late Imperial and Soviet eras.HIE 341: Germany from Bismarck through Hitler. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of Germany from Bismarck and the unificationthrough Hitler, the Nazi regime, and the Second World War,with a brief survey of postwar developments.HIE (HCU) 343: The Holocaust. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of thedestruction of the Jews of Europe during World War II. Politicalanti-Semitism in modern Europe. The rise of Hitler and Nazism.The interwar period in Europe and the spread of anti-Semitism.World War II, ghetto, deportation, and liquidation. Problems ofrescue and resistance. Selected readings from the literature of theHolocaust.*HIE 345: Hitler, the Nazis, Fascism, and Neo-Fascism.3 hours, 3 credits.HIE 350: Topics in Modern European History. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Various sections on topics in modernEuropean history. (For specific topics and sections each semester,consult the Department.)HIE 381: Individual Tutorial Project in Modern EuropeanHistory. One semester, 3 credits. (May be repeated for a total of6 credits.) Individual reading and writing on a specific topic inmodern European history, under faculty direction. PREREQ:Satisfactory completion of 60 college credits, including one 300-or 400-level History course, unless exempted, and instructor'spermission prior to registration.Special and Comparative HistoricalTopics*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*HIS 301: Introduction to the History of Biology. 3 hours,3 credits.HIS 302: Science and Society. 3 hours, 3 credits. Social aspects ofthe growth of modern science from the seventeenth century tothe present. Religion and science in Galileo’s Italy, science andtechnology during the industrial revolution, scientific institutionsduring the French Enlightenment, Darwin and Social Darwinism,eugenics and racial hygiene, big science, and the humangenome project.120 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

HIS 304: History of Science in the Twentieth Century. 3 hours,3 credits. A multidisciplinary survey of scientific and technologicaldevelopments in the twentieth century, emphasizing theethical issues and new social implications arising from them.Topics may include recent work in microbiology, D.N.A., andgenetic “engineering”; technological innovations in syntheticmaterials, chemical warfare, and consumer concerns; theories ofrelativity, quantum physics, atomic weapons, and nuclear energy;anthropological discoveries and human evolution; Freudianpsychology and psychoanalysis; man in space; medicalscience and portents for the future of civilization. There are noprerequisites for this course; students need have no previousbackground in the sciences.HIS (HCU) 307: The Course of Modern Jewish History.3 hours, 3 credits. Survey of the Jewish people in the WesternWorld during the past 300 years; their struggle for political andsocial equality, their search for new homes and forms of life. Thenew Jewish centers, Messianic hopes, the struggle for emancipation;the Enlightenment movement; religious, national, andsocial trends; migration of Jews to America; and World Wars Iand II and the emergence of the State of Israel.HIS 315: The Literature of History. 3 hours, 3 credits. Selectedworks of historical representation and interpretation from antiquityto the modern era.HIS 327: World Revolutions. 3 hours, 3 credits. The nature,causes, and results of revolutionary change, including theFrench, the American, the Haitian, the Russian, and the Chineserevolutions, and the depiction of revolutionary change in art,theater, and literature.HIS 334: The Irish Diaspora. 3 hours, 3 credits. A survey of thecircumstances and consequences of Irish immigration from theeighteenth century to the present, including the patterns of settlementand assimilation of Irish immigrants in the West Indies,the United States, Canada, England, Scotland, Wales, Australia,New Zealand, and South Africa.HIS (HCU) 342 (SOC 242): Anti-Semitism from Early Christianityto Hitler. 3 hours, 3 credits. The origins of the conflict betweenChristianity and Judaism, and the fate of the Jews inMedieval Europe. The gradual liberation and assimilation of theJews of Western Europe, 1789-1870. The rise of modern racismand anti-Semitism in Europe, 1889-1939. Hitler, the Nazis, andthe destruction of European Jewry during World War II. Anti-Semitism in the contemporary world. Social, psychological, andcultural theories of anti-Semitism will be considered.HIS 350: Topics in Comparative History. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Various sections on topics in comparativehistory. (For specific topics and sections each semester, consultthe Department.)HIS 381: Individual Tutorial Project in Comparative History.One semester, 3 credits. (May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.)Individual reading and writing on a specific topic in comparativehistory, under faculty direction. PREREQ: Satisfactory completionof 60 college credits, including one 300-level Historycourse, unless exempted, and instructor's permission prior toregistration.HIS 450: Seminar in Comparative History. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). PREREQ: Either satisfactory completion of 12 creditsin History and a History major or instructor's permission.History of the United States*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.HIU 301: Colonial British America, 1586-1763. 3 hours,3 credits. The British colonies in North America from the “lost”English settlement at Roanoke to the treaty ending the Frenchand Indian War. The collision of Europeans and Native Americans,conflicts between the European colonial powers, the establishmentof slavery in North America, and political, social, andreligious development.HIU 304: The Era of the American Revolution, 1763- 1789.3 hours, 3 credits. American development from the mideighteenthcentury through the framing of the Constitution,with emphasis upon the American Revolution, the interrelationof European and American affairs, and the growth of Americaninstitutions and ideals.HIU 305: The Early Republic, 1789-1824. 3 hours, 3 credits.The founding and development of a republican form of government:the evolution of political parties, the economicgrowth of the nation and its impact on politics, and the transitionfrom a republic to a democracy engendered by economicgrowth and the search for political power.HIU 308: Democracy, Sectionalism and Slavery in the U.S.,1825-1861. 3 hours, 3 credits. The age of the common man inpolitics, increasing sectional tensions, and the prominence of theslavery issue in American life. Abolitionism, workingmen's agitation,women's rights, westward expansion, states' rights, thedefense of slavery, and the coming of the Civil War.HIU 309: The Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1877.3 hours, 3 credits. Key events of the Civil War and its aftermath,including emancipation and the status and role of newly freedBlack Americans.HIU 310: The Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, 1877-1914.3 hours, 3 credits. Industrialization and the rise of the corporation,the importance of the transcontinental railroads, immigration,urbanization, Black disenfranchisement, Jim Crow and theemergence of the New South, Populism, the integration of theFar West, Progressivism, and trust busting.HIU 314: The United States from World War I through WorldWar II, 1914-1945. 3 hours, 3 credits. Domestic and foreign affairs,including the two World Wars, the Roaring Twenties, theGreat Depression, and Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal.HIU 315: Recent United States History, 1945 to the Present.3 hours, 3 credits. Domestic and foreign affairs since the end ofWorld War II. The Cold War and anti-communism at home andabroad, and changes in American social, economic, and politicalvalues and institutions.HIU 316: The American Constitution in Historical Perspective.3 hours, 3 credits. The American constitutional system fromthe American Revolution to the present. The evolution of legalstructures, the growth of rights and remedies, the changing contentof justice, organization of government, the balance of freedomand order.HIU 317: History of American Foreign Relations, 1750-1912.3 hours, 3 credits. A history of American foreign relations fromcolonial times to the early twentieth century, with emphasis onthe diplomacy of the American Revolution; foreign affairs andthe Constitution; the War of 1812; the Monroe Doctrine; expansion,sectionalism, and the coming of the Civil War; and America'semergence as a world power.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 121

HIU 318: History of American Foreign Relations, 1912-Present. 3 hours, 3 credits. American foreign relations from theearly twentieth century to the present. The U.S. role in WorldWars I and II; the Cold War; and the growth of presidentialpower in foreign affairs.HIU 319: The United States and the Vietnam War. 3 hours,3 credits. The reasons why the United States became involved inthe Vietnam War, the methods employed, and the consequencesof U.S. involvement.HIU 320: Early American Culture and Intellectual History.3 hours, 3 credits. The major ideas, institutions and individuals inAmerican cultural and intellectual life from the mid-seventeenththrough the late-nineteenth centuries. Puritanism; the Enlightenmentin America; republicanism and romanticism; and theprofessionalization of letters and learning.HIU 322: Modern American Cultural and Intellectual History.3 hours, 3 credits. Major trends in American cultural and intellectuallife from the late nineteenth century to the present. Thecommercialization of culture; the secularization of the publicsphere; the development of research universities; and the role ofintellectuals as cultural critics.HIU 323: Protest in America. 3 hours, 3 credits. Discussion ofnineteenth- and twentieth-century movements for substantivesocial change in America, emphasizing race and gender.*HIU 324: The History of Italian-Americans. 3 hours, 3 credits.HIU (WST) 328: The Family in American History. 3 hours,3 credits. Historical study of the family in America, including itsEuropean roots, its relationship to the frontier, to slavery, toimmigration, and to current developments in industrialism,urbanization, and technology.HIU (WST) 329: History of Sexuality and Sex Roles in America.3 hours, 3 credits. The history of sexual roles as they havedeveloped and changed in America from colonial times to thepresent.HIU (WST) 331: History of Women in America. 3 hours,3 credits. Historical study of women's conditions, statuses, androles in American society from colonial times to the present.HIU 332: History of Health Care in the United States. 3 hours,3 credits. Examination of health care in America from colonialtimes to the present. Topics include the development of themedical profession, the rise of the health movement, the growthof hospitals, and popular attitudes toward health and disease.HIU 333: American Urban History. 3 hours, 3 credits. The formation,growth, and transformation of American cities from thewilderness village to the megalopolis. Emphasis on the changingpolitical and economic roles of cities; patterns of social stratification,power, and mobility; and trends in recent urban social andcultural life.HIU 335: Immigration in America. 3 hours, 3 credits. The motivesand aspirations of immigrants, their contributions to andeffects upon American social structure, and the tensions betweenassimilation and ethnicity.HIU 336: American Religious History. 3 hours, 3 credits. Religiousbelief and behaviors of Americans from the seventeenthcentury to the present. Encounters among European, African,and indigenous religions; Christianization, evangelicalism, andrevivalism; church and state relations; and religiously basedmovements for social reform.*HIU 340: The Industrial Revolution in America. 3 hours, 3 credits.HIU 341: American Business History. 3 hours, 3 credits. The riseof business enterprise in America from its earliest commercialorigins to giant corporations and conglomerates. Themes includethe rise of early commerce, emergence of consolidated industry,prominent businessmen and business techniques, analysis ofbusiness philosophy and entrepreneurial attitudes, reactions tocorporate power by labor and government, evolution of businessforms and structures, and the impact of business enterprise onpolitical, legal, and cultural development.HIU 342: History of American Labor. 3 hours, 3 credits. TheAmerican worker from colonial times to the present, with emphasison the period since the Civil War. Themes include theorigins and character of the American labor movement, the effectof industrialization on the workers, slavery and wage labor,the growth and development of the major American labor unions,the impact of social reformers and radicals on the labormovement and the American worker, public employees andcollective bargaining, and the changing attitudes of the Americanworker.HIU (HCU) 344: American Jewish History. 3 hours, 3 credits.Survey of American Jewish history from colonial times until thepresent: migrations, socioeconomic changes, and cultural developments.Special emphasis on the history of American Jewrysince 1880: Jewish socialism, Zionism in America, Jewish reactionsto anti-Semitism, and Judaic religious life.HIU 345: American Economic History. 3 hours, 3 credits.(Closed to those who have completed ECO 321.)HIU 346: History of the American Presidency. 3 hours, 3 credits.America's presidents and how the presidency has developedfrom George Washington to the present.HIU 347: The Mainland Borough: The Bronx as a City in History.3 hours, 3 credits. The urban history of the Bronx from theseventeenth century to the present. Major emphasis on 1874-1945, the period of the borough's most rapid growth, and experiencewith modern urban problems. Topics include ethnic immigrationand mobility, the effects of mass transit development,Prohibition, and the ways various external events, such as warsand depressions, have influenced the borough and its people.HIU 348: History of New York: City and State. 3 hours,3 credits. Examination of the interaction between the urbancenter and the State from their respective origins as New Amsterdamand New Netherland to the twentieth century. Specialemphasis is placed on the socioeconomic reasons for the cosmopolitannature of the metropolis and its uniqueness as amajor urban entity.HIU 350: Topics in American History. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Various sections on topics in American history.(For specific topics and sections each semester, consult the Department.)HIU 381: Individual Tutorial Project in American History.One semester, 3 credits. (May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.) Individualreading and writing on a specific topic in American history,under faculty direction. PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of 60college credits, including one 300-level History course, unlessexempted, and instructor's permission prior to registration.122 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

History of Asian, Latin American,Russian, and Non-WesternCivilizations*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.HIW 301: Ottoman History. 3 hours, 3 credits. Political, socioeconomic,and cultural history of the Ottoman Empire from itsfourteenth-century beginnings to its demise at the end ofWorld War I.HIW 302: Modern Middle Eastern History. 3 hours, 3 credits.Societies and politics of the Middle East in the nineteenth andtwentieth centuries. The Islamic and Ottoman legacies, reformsand reforming elites, changing roles of religion, nationalist ideologies,Great Power intervention, regional politics, and theArab-Israeli conflict.HIW 303: Contemporary Islamic Movements. 3 hours, 3 credits.Contemporary movements of Islamic resurgence and activism inthe Middle East, North Africa, Central and South Asia, and beyond.HIW 305: The Arab-Israeli Conflict. 3 hours, 3 credits. The Arab-Israeli conflict from the late nineteenth century to the present;political, military, diplomatic, economic, cultural, and psychologicaldimensions.*HIW (HCU) 308: The Jews of Tsarist and Soviet Russia.3 hours, 3 credits.*HIW 316: East Asia in the Modern World. 3 hours, 3 credits.The modernization of China and Japan in response to the intrusionfrom the West and to the erosion of traditional patterns ofcivilization. Covers the period from 1800 on.*HIW 322: History of Chinese Civilization. 3 hours, 3 credits.Chinese civilization from ancient times to the present; emphasison major patterns in government and society, culture, and thearts. Includes readings in poetry and fiction.*HIW 325: The History of Japan. 3 hours, 3 credits. The gradualemergence of a distinctive Japanese civilization within the EastAsian family of nations; the modernization of Japan during thelast century.HIW (LAC) 330: From Colonialism to Neo-Colonialism:Latin America, 1492-1890. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of theSpanish and Portuguese colonial systems in America; the wars ofindependence; and the emerging Latin American nations of thenineteenth century.HIW (LAC) 331: Reform and Revolution: Latin America in theTwentieth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of how thestrategies of “reform” and “revolution” are applied to the processof development in twentieth-century Latin America and theCaribbean.HIW (LAC) 337: Latin America and the United States from1823 to the present. 3 hours, 3 credits. Relations between theUnited States and Latin American countries since their creationas independent republics.HIW (LAC) 340: Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean.3 hours, 3 credits. Comparative examination of slavery in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean. Emphasis on the Portuguese (Brazil)and Spanish (Cuba) systems, with reference to the British,North American, and French systems.HIW 348: Europe and the Non-Western World in the Nineteenthand Twentieth Centuries. 3 hours, 3 credits. Imperialismand colonialism in Africa and Asia, the growth of nationalism,decolonization, revolution, independence, and globalization.HIW 350: Topics in Non-Western History. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Various sections on topics in non-Westernhistory. (For specific topics and sections each semester, consultthe Department.)*HIW (LAC) 352: The Mexican Revolution. 3 hours, 3 credits.Examination of the Mexican Revolution of 1910, including nineteenth-centurypreconditions, overthrow of the old regime, thecivil war phase, and postrevolutionary reconstruction of modernMexico.HIW 381: Individual Tutorial Project in Non-Western History.One semester, 3 credits. (May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.)Individual reading and writing on a specific topic in non-Western history, under faculty direction. PREREQ: Satisfactorycompletion of 60 college credits, including one 300-level Historycourse, unless exempted, and instructor's permission priorto registration.HumanitiesDean Marlene Gottlieb (Shuster Hall, 382)The College offers a number of interdisciplinary elective courses thatpresent the values common to all the humanities.MINOR IN THE HUMANITIESStudents may satisfy the College Requirement of a Minor Field with thefollowing 12-credit option: Six credits from HUM 250 and/or 255 (multiple-section,variable-topic courses); plus both HUM 355 and 450 (3credits each)HUMANITIES COURSESHUM 211: The Humanities: An Introduction. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thestudy of a small number of important works of literature, philosophy,and the arts that have contributed to the development of civilization.Descriptions of additional courses can be found under The City andthe Humanities section of this Bulletin.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 123

Individualized Study ProgramsDean of Adult and Continuing Education: Michael Paull (CarmanPlaza NE, Room 128)Director, Adult Degree Program: Frances DellaCavaThe Adult Degree ProgramThe Adult Degree Program (A.D.P.) is designed for incomingLehman students who are 25 years old or older and meet theeligibility requirements. Applications are available in CarmanPlaza NE, Room 128.ELIGIBILITYStudents entering Lehman for the first time, either as freshmenor as transfer students, may apply to the A.D.P. if they meet thefollowing criteria: 1) completed 15 college credits or fewer; or 2)completed 16 to 60 college credits but have not been enrolled inan educational institution in the past five years.DEGREE REQUIREMENTSAdult Degree Program students must successfully complete allexams required by CUNY for admission and for continuationbeyond 60 credits. Students must also meet the English writingrequirement recommended by the A.D.P.; in addition, all studentsmust meet the minimum index required for graduation bythe College and by their major department. A.D.P. students areexempt from the College's Core and Distribution requirements,as well as the requirements in foreign language, oral English,and a minor field of study. They must, however, complete abroad liberal arts course of study that includes a minimum of 36credits of liberal arts courses outside of the major concentration.MAJORStudents may opt for either a regular major as described in thisBulletin (e.g., History, Biology) or design their own interdisciplinarymajor (e.g., Urban Studies) with the advice and approvalof a committee composed of two faculty members representingthe relevant study areas. The individually designed major mustcontain a minimum of 24 upper-division credits, excludingindependent study, internships, and field placements. Studentspursuing individualized majors must take at least 3 credits ofindependent study to qualify for Departmental honors atgraduation.LIFE-EXPERIENCE CREDITSStudents in the Program may apply for up to 15 credits for “lifeexperience.” Students do not automatically qualify for thesecredits. They are eligible to apply for an evaluation of their employmentor volunteer activities when these activities includeachievements relevant to a Lehman College department. Thecredits for life experience will count as electives toward the 120credits needed for graduation. Veteran's credits, Regents credits,and credits received by departmental qualifying exams arecounted as part of the life-experience credits.NON-CLASSROOM CREDITSA.D.P. students may enroll for up to 30 academic credits forindependent study activities, such as research projects, readingtutorials, and field work during their college career. Studentsreceiving life-experience credits, however, have the total numberof non-classroom credits available to them reduced by the numberof credits received for life experience. The precise content orstructure of the independent study project must be approved bythe student's faculty sponsor and the sponsor's Department Chair.Written approval of his or her independent study proposal mustbe submitted to the A.D.P. Office prior to registration.ADULT DEGREE COLLOQUIUMThe IBA Colloquia (IBA 150-165) are designed to introduce AdultDegree students to various aspects of a liberal arts education.The Individualized BaccalaureateProgramThe Individualized Baccalaureate Program (I.B.A.P.) allows Lehmanstudents to establish their own academic goals. I.B.A.P.students can design their own majors with the assistance andapproval of a faculty committee and supplement their majorwith independent study. Applications are available in the Officeof Individualized Studies, Carman Plaza NE, Room 128.ELIGIBILITYIn addition to proposing an individualized major, students musthave completed at least 30 credits, but no more than 89 credits,including at least 12 Lehman College credits. Other requirementsinclude a minimum 3.0 Lehman index and successfulcompletion of both the CUNY Proficiency Exam and the College'sEnglish writing requirement.MAJORStudents can design their individualized major in a number ofways. They may present a course of study that focuses on any ofthe following: 1) a single aspect of one of the disciplines offeredby the College; or 2) an interdisciplinary area of study. Thenumber of credits that constitute the major is determined by thefaculty committee supervising the student, subject to the restrictionthat students must earn a minimum of 24 upper-divisioncourse credits in the major area, but no more than 60 credits inany one department, including independent study, internships,and field placements.LIFE-EXPERIENCE CREDITSI.B.A.P. students 25 years old or older may apply for lifeexperiencecredits, where appropriate. To determine eligibilityfor these credits, students should meet with an advisor after theyhave been accepted into the program.NON-CLASSROOM CREDITSStudents in the I.B.A.P. may take up to 30 credits of independentstudy, inclusive of credits received for life experience.DEGREE REQUIREMENTSSee Degree Requirements as outlined under "The Adult DegreeProgram" above.124 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Italian-American StudiesDirector: Professor Anthony LaRuffa (Davis Hall, Room 111)Committee Members: Professors Madeline Moran andManfredi PiccolominiCooperating Departments: Anthropology, Art, English, History, Languagesand Literatures, Music, Political Science, and SociologyThe program in Italian-American Studies is an interdisciplinarymajor that focuses on Italian-American experiences as they relateto both the Italian and American contexts. The program providesthe student with the opportunity to investigate the social, cultural,psychological, historical, and esthetic dimensions of theItalian-American experience. The major in Italian-AmericanStudies offers an area of specialization for students who plangraduate training in ethnic studies, and for those who expect toteach in urban areas where there are large numbers of Italian-Americans.For those students who will pursue advanced degrees in thearts, the humanities, or in the various social and behavioralsciences, a major in both the field of their choice and in Italian-American Studies, a dual major, permits a specialty within theacademic discipline. The curriculum has practical applicability toteaching at all levels, and to the service-oriented professions(medicine, psychology, social work, law, etc.). A dual major isrequired of all students majoring in Italian-American Studies,except those preparing to qualify for an Initial Certificate in education.In most instances, 12 credits from the second major mayserve as part of the Italian-American studies major as well (see theoutline of requirements below).In consultation with a member of the Italian-American StudiesCommittee, each student will formulate an individual programof study, without reference to traditional departmentalfields. The program thus offers the opportunity to investigatethose features of Italian-American culture that match studentinterests. Special courses emphasizing research and criticalthought, such as seminars and tutorials taught by participatingfaculty, will be provided to synthesize the work of each studentin the major.Note: Cross-listed courses may be taken for credit in either IAS or inthe department in which the course originates.ProgramsPROGRAM PROCEDUREEach semester the Committee on Italian-American Studies willadvise students in the program of the appropriate courses to beoffered in the ensuing semester by departments participating inthe program, as well as of courses to be offered by the Italian-American Studies program. Each student majoring in Italian-American Studies must receive the committee's approval beforeregistering for any course to be credited toward the major.36-CREDIT MAJOR IN ITALIAN-AMERICAN STUDIES, B.A.The interdisciplinary major in Italian-American Studies consistsof 36 credits in courses distributed as follows:Credits (36)12 Selected from:IAS 300 (HIE 325): Italy from Napoleon through MussoliniIAS 302 (HIE 324): History of Italian Emigration to the United StatesIAS 303 (HIU 324): The History of Italian-AmericansIAS 250 (ANT 250; SOC 250): The Italian-American Community(No more than three history courses may be included.)12 Selected from these related courses:ITA 233: Italian-American ContributionsPSY 336: The Psychology of EthnicityMSH 239: Italian OperaARH 332: Art of the Early RenaissanceARH 333: Art of the High Renaissance and the Later SixteenthCenturyIAS 245 (ITA 245): Italy TodayIAS 260 (ENG 260): American Minority Literature: The Italian-American TraditionIAS 450: Topics in Italian-American StudiesIAS 481: Tutorial in Italian-American StudiesIAS 495: Special Project in Italian-American Studies or otherappropriate courses as approved by the program coordinator(Note: No more than a total of 6 credits may come from IAS 481 and495.)12 In a single discipline related to the student's academic andprofessional interests and goals. With the approval of the programcoordinator, credits from the dual major may be applied to thisrequirement, where appropriate.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN ITALIAN-AMERICANSTUDIESStudents should arrange their program with the Italian-AmericanStudies Committee. In order to satisfy the requirements for aminor, students must earn 12 credits, of which 6 credits must bein 300- or 400-level courses.Courses*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*IAS 266: The Italian-American Tradition in American Literature.3 hours, 3 credits.*IAS 450: Topics in Italian-American Studies. 3 hours, 3 credits.(May be extended or repeated for an additional 3 credits with permissionfrom the Director.) Special topics to be arranged betweenstudent and instructor.IAS 481: Tutorial in Italian-American Studies. 3 hours, 3 credits.IAS 495: Special Project in Italian-American Studies. 3 hours,3 credits. (May be extended or repeated for an additional 3 creditswith permission from the Director.) Selection of and research into asignificant problem in the Italian-American community. Fieldresearch will be required. Readings on topics to be arrangedbetween student and instructor. Note: No more than a total of6 credits may come from IAS 481 and 495.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 125

Journalism, Communication, and TheatreChair: Patricio Lerzundi (Carman Hall, Room 259)Department Faculty: Professors: Patricio Lerzundi (Chair), RobertWhittaker; Associate Professors: Richard Blot, William Hoffman,Marjorie Rosen; Assistant Professors; Nicholas Boston, James Carney,Brian L. Doyle, Susan Watson-Turner; Lecturers: Anne Bard, ThomasO'Hanlon; Distinguished Lecturer: Marilyn SokolParticipating Departments: Art, African and African American Studies,English, Languages & Literatures, Latin American and Puerto RicanStudies, Political ScienceMultilingual Journalism Program(Interdisciplinary and Interdepartmental)Faculty Advisory Committee: Charles Seplowin (Art), James Carney(J.C.T.), Marlene Gottlieb (Languages & Literatures), James Jervis(African and African American Studies), Patricio Lerzundi (J.C.T.),Bertrade B. Ngo-Ngijol Banoum (Women's Studies), HerminioMartínez (Bronx Institute), Thomas O'Hanlon (J.C.T.), Gaoyin Qian(Specialized Services in Education), José Luis Réñique (History),Marge Rice (Media Relations), Gary Schwartz (Lehman Scholars),Lynne Van Voorhis (Languages & Literatures), Robert Whittaker(J.C.T.)ADMISSION TO THE PROGRAMStudents choose the foreign language in which they wish toconcentrate. Foreign language proficiency is demonstrated bycompleting any 200- or 300-level language course. Proficiency inEnglish is demonstrated by completing English 120.42-CREDIT MAJOR IN MULTILINGUAL JOURNALISM, B.A.The program has four components:12 Credits of 300-level advanced foreign language courses(Advanced Grammar; Translation; Phonetics and Diction;Special Topic in Language: Journalistic Writing). Coursenumbers vary according to the chosen foreign language;9 Credits of English (ENW 207: Introduction to Journalism;ENW 317: Editing and Proofreading; and ENW 323: JournalisticWriting);9 Credits of Mass Communication (COM 214: Foundationsof Broadcasting; COM 317: Broadcast Journalism; and eitherCOM 226: Audio Production or COM 315: TV Production);and12 Credits of Multilingual Journalism (MLJ 211: Introductionto Multilingual Media; MLJ 302: U.S. Multilingual Market;ART 212: Desktop Publishing; and MLJ 470: Internship forSeniors).MINORThe minor in Multilingual Journalism consists of 12 creditsdistributed as follows: MLJ 211, MLJ 302, and any two coursesselected from the list of the required courses for the major.ELECTIVES FOR MAJORS/MINORSAll majors and minors are encouraged to take elective creditsselected from the list of courses related to the field of journalismand mass communications. Students who are non-native speakersof a foreign language are encouraged to take additionalcourses at the 300 or 400 level in the foreign language concentrationbeyond the 12 credits required for the major.The major in Multilingual Journalism offers an interdisciplinary42-credit, B.A. degree designed to train students in the fieldof mass communication, including desktop publishing, advertising,marketing, and the Internet. The program provides a comprehensiveacademic background for students who wish toprepare for careers in multilingual/multicultural media andcommunications-related fields in the public and private sectors.Special attention has been given to the needs of students whoplan to enter a graduate school of journalism or mass communication.Internships are available with foreign media and institutionsabroad. Consult Margaret Klinesmith (Carman 259);phone 718-960-8161, fax 718-960-8218.Courses in Multilingual JournalismMLJ 200: Print Journalism Workshop. 4 hours, 1 credit. Practicalapplication of principles and theories of print media publicationsthrough participation in Multilingual Journalism productions.Areas of specialization include writing, editing, proofreading,digital photojournalism, and layout. Note: (May berepeated for a maximum of 4 credits; areas are not repeatable.Open to all students.) PREREQ: Permission of the instructor.MLJ 210: Print Media: Theory and Production. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2lab), 3 credits. Theory and practice of print media production, fromlinotype to digital media. Emphasis on practical techniques of producingnewspapers, newsletters, and magazines.MLJ 211: Introduction to Multilingual Media. 3 hours, 3 credits.Introduction to print and electronic multilingual media in theUnited States. Focus on the growth and diversity of these media;the role they play in the lives of those who use them. Focus on thecomparison between mainstream and ethnic media.MLJ 214: News Media. 3 hours, 3 credits. Evolution of the Americanmedia, from the earliest days of colonial newspapers through thepenny press, the introduction of radio and television, the growth ofnews-gathering organizations, technology empires, and online resources.PREREQ: ENG 120 or the equivalent.MLJ 302: The U.S. Multilingual Market. 3 hours, 3 credits.Demographic profile of the United States; the new ethnic consumer;assimilation; income and buying power; market evaluations.Reaction of Corporate America to this diverse andpluralistic market. Focus on a case study. PREREQ: MLJ 211.MLJ 320: Interviewing for Mainstream and Ethnic Media.3 hours, 3 credits. Theory and practice in preparing for, arranging,and conducting the journalistic interview for both mainstreamand ethnic media (in English and/or a foreign language).PREREQ: MLJ 211 or Director/instructor permission.MLJ (BLS) (COM) 332: The African American Media. 3 hours,3 credits. Analysis of the African American media's role in AfricanAmerican history and culture, and its relationship to the mainstreammedia. PREREQ: MLJ 211.MLJ (COM) 347: Advertising. 3 hours, 3 credits. Basic elements ofadvertising copywriting for various media formats. Introduction toadvertising research, including the development of message structureand advertising strategies. PREREQ: COM 218.MLJ 350: Topics in Multilingual Journalism. 3 hours, 3 credits.Introduction to long-distance communications via the Internetto promote interdisciplinary study and activity.126 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

MLJ 370: Internship 1. 9 hours (8 in the field; 1 weekly conference),3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Individual field experiencewith various media, public relations, publishing, advertising,and marketing firms. The course will include a one-hour weeklymeeting with the Program Director and other internship students.A final report is required.MLJ 470: Advanced Internship for Seniors. 9 hours (8 in the field;1 weekly conference), 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Individual fieldexperience with various media, coordinated by the Program Director.The course will include working 8 hours a week with a chosenmedia, plus one-hour weekly seminar meetings with the directorand other internship students. A journal and a final research paperwill be required. PREREQ: 18 credits from the program major andpermission of the Program Director.Mass Communication Program36-CREDIT MAJOR IN MASS COMMUNICATION, B.A.Mass Communication prepares professionals in the fields ofradio and television production, professional writing, editing,proofreading, news retrieval and research, video editing, filmproduction, script writing, voice and diction, and sound technology.Students are encouraged to participate in various internshipprograms with professional media, both in the U.S. andoverseas.The program has a solid tradition of preparing students for careersin the mass media and related communications industries.Mass Communication joined the Multilingual Journalism Programin July 2000. The M.L.J.-Mass Communication Programoffers a professionally oriented curriculum that includes bothconceptual courses and laboratory skills. Students gain criticalthinking ability as well as technical expertise in gathering, writing,editing, processing, and disseminating information.MASS COMMUNICATION SEQUENCEThe required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (36)15 COM 214, COM 215, COM 218, COM 226, MLJ 2113 COM 212 or 2133 COM 314, 315, or 3163 COM 317 or 3183 COM 417, 418, or 4203 MLJ 370 or 4706 Other COM or MLJ courses approved by adviserMINORCredits (12)3 COM 212 or 2133 COM 2143 Any 300-level course in Mass Communication3 COM 417, 418, or 420Courses in Mass CommunicationCOM 002: Spoken English as a Second Language. 3 hours,0 credits. Study and practice of American English for nativespeakers of other languages.COM 100: Fundamentals of Oral Communication. 3 hours,2 credits. Study and practice of the basic principles of oral communication.COM 101: Voice and Articulation. 2 hours, 2 credits. Correctionof voice and articulation problems.COM 102: Voice Production. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of normalvoice production and practice in developing voice and articulation.Note: No credit for COM 102 is given to majors in Speech andHearing Sciences.COM 200: Broadcast Workshop. 4 hours, 1 credit. Practicalapplication of principles and theories of audio, television, film,and Internet productions. Areas of specialization in radio includeaudio, stereo-phonic production, signal processing, audio collage;areas for television, film, and the Internet include camera techniques,graphics, switching, and lighting. (Note: May be repeatedfor a maximum of 4 credits; areas are not repeatable. Open to allstudents.) PREREQ: Permission of the instructor.COM 201: Debate Workshop. 2 hours, 1 credit (maximum4 credits). PREREQ: COM 100.COM 203: Public Speaking. 3 hours, 3 credits. Composition anddelivery of speeches of information and persuasion. PREREQ:COM 100 or permission from the Director.COM 204: Interpersonal and Small Group Communication.3 hours, 3 credits. Theory and practice of human communicationapplied to interpersonal and small group processes. Special attentionis paid to family communication, assertive communication,and therapeutic communication.COM 212: History of the Cinema I. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. Survey of the development and theory of motion pictureart from its inception to 1940.COM 213: History of Cinema II. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. A continuation of SPE 212 from 1940 to date. Note:Students planning to take both COM 212 and 213 are advised to takeCOM 212 first.COM 214: Foundations of Broadcasting. 3 hours, 3 credits.History, technology, programming, structure, and regulatoryphilosophies and policies of radio and TV in America, includingeducational broadcasting and cable television.COM 215: Fundamentals of Camera for TV and Film. 4 hours,(2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits. An introduction to the basic principles,procedures, and techniques of television and film production:video control, special effects, operation of camera andediting machines, composition, lighting, staging, directing, oncameraannouncing and interviews.LAC (COM) 216: Latin-American Cinema. 3 hours, 3 credits. Anoverview of film in Latin America from the silent period to thepresent.COM 218: Fundamentals of Mass Media Writing. 3 hours,3 credits. Fundamental structures of writing for broadcast journalism.Emphasis on grammar, syntax, punctuation, and spelling.Study of stylistic differences of radio, television, film, andInternet writing. PREREQ: Successful completion of ENG 120 orthe equivalent.COM 226: Audio Production. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.Creative concepts and operational techniques of the soundstudio. Styles and tools of audio production for radio, television,film, and theatre. PREREQ: COM 212, 213, or 214, or permissionof the instructor.COM (THE) 232: Voice and Speech for the Actor. 3 hours,3 credits. Vocal techniques for a performing career in professionaltheatre, radio, film, and television.COM 234: The Documentary. 3 hours, 3 credits. History ofdocumentary film and the various types of film within the genre,e.g., propaganda, autobiographical, direct cinema, androckumentary.COM 240: Communication in Society. 3 hours, 3 credits. Surveyof the influence of communication on the individual and society.Examination of the nature, functions, and media of interpersonal,group, public, and mass communication.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 127

COM 300: Communication in Business and Industry. 3 hours,3 credits. Principles of oral communication with application inbusiness, industrial, and professional settings. Consideration oftopics such as business presentations, employee motivation, andinterviewing. PREREQ: COM 100, 203, or 204.COM 301 (LNG240): Language and Communication. 3 hours,3 credits. The use of language, its influence on thought and behavior.PREREQ: COM 100, 203, or 204.COM 304: Group Communication. 3 hours, 3 credits. Principlesand methods of oral communication in small group deliberation.Practice in participation and leadership in problem-solvinggroups. PREREQ COM: 100, 203, or 204.COM 305: Persuasion. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theory and practice ofpersuasion and persuasive techniques. PREREQ: COM 203 orinstructor's permission.COM 306: Argumentation and Advocacy. 3 hours, 3 credits.Logical aspects of argument in theory and practice. Discussion ofadvocacy and conflict resolution in everyday life and formalsettings. Simulations and practice debates are used to facilitatelearning. PREREQ: COM 203 or instructor's permission.COM 307: Great Speeches of Western Civilization. 3 hours,3 credits. Selected political, courtroom, and literary speechesfrom antiquity to the mid-twentieth century. The speech as socialforce, historical document, and literature. PREREQ: COM100, 203, or 204.COM 308: Contemporary Speeches. 3 hours, 3 credits. Speechesfrom the mid-twentieth century to the present. Includes political,courtroom, and literary speeches. PREREQ: COM 100, 203, or 204.COM (THE) 309: Screenwriting. 3 hours, 3 credits. A practicalapproach to screenwriting for theatre, film, and television, fromconception to finished script of the screenplay. PREREQ: COM218.COM 310: Communication Theory. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study ofthe theories behind effective communication, with emphasis oninformation theory, systems theory, and cybernetics. PREREQ:COM 240.COM (POL) 311: Freedom of Speech. 3 hours, 3 credits. Surveyof the foundations and contemporary applications of the right tocommunicate and limitations on that right. Pertinent worksfrom Milton to Emerson, and First Amendment decisions of theSupreme Court are examined.COM 314: Advanced Audio Production. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. Continuation of COM 226, including stereophonicproduction, signal processing, and audio collage.PREREQ: A grade of at least C- in COM 226.COM 315: Television Production. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. Theory and practice of TV studio operations: cameratechniques, graphics, switching, lighting, and integration of filmin live production situations. Several major studio projects areproduced each semester. PREREQ: COM 215 and at least a gradeof C- in COM 226.COM 316: Film Production. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.Theory and practice of cinematography and basic film editing.PREREQ: A grade of at least C- in COM 226 and either COM212 or 213.COM 317: Broadcast Journalism. 3 hours, 3 credits. Locating,gathering, writing, and editing news for radio and TV. Stylesranging from the radio newscast to the TV documentary areexamined. PREREQ: COM 214.COM 318: Writing for the Mass Media. 3 hours, 3 credits. Organizing,outlining, and scripting dramatic, documentary, andinstructional material for radio, TV, and film. Comparison of therequirements of different media from the writer's point of view.PREREQ: COM 213 and 214.COM (LAC) (PRS) 319: Latinos in Film. 3 hours, 3 credits. Latinoethnicities in Hollywood films from the silent era to the present.COM 329: Minorities in the Media. 3 hours, 3 credits. Institutionalpolicies and practices of commercial media in the UnitedStates and their impact on ethnic minorities and women.PREREQ: MLJ 211 or adviser's permission.COM (BLS) (MLJ) 332: The African American Media. 3 hours, 3credits. Analysis of the African American media's role in AfricanAmerican history and culture, and its relationship to the mainstreammedia. PREREQ: MLJ 211.COM 333: Sports Reporting. 3 hours, 3 credits. Instruction andpractice in reporting sports for broadcast journalism. Specialemphasis on live play-by-play coverage, interviewing techniques,features, sidebars, advance copy, and press conference coverage.PREREQ: COM 218.COM (THE) 343: Voice-Over for Radio, Film, and TV. 3 hours,3 credits. Microphone technique, script analysis, and auditionskills. PREREQ: COM (THE) 232.COM (THE) 344: Acting for the Camera. 3 hours, 3 credits. Oncameratechnique, audition skills, script analysis. PREREQ: COM(THE) 232.COM (MLJ) 347: Advertising. 3 hours, 3 credits. Basic elements ofadvertising copywriting for various media formats. Introduction toadvertising research, including the development of message structureand advertising strategies. PREREQ: COM 218.COM 350: Contemporary Topics in Persuasion. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of selected topics in persuasion. PREREQ: EitherCOM 304 or 305 or permission from the Director.COM 356: Digital Photojournalism. 4 hours (2 lab, 2 lecture),3 credits. Concepts and techniques in digital publishing. The useof digital cameras and digital printing. PREREQ: MLJ 210, orART 108, or ART 212.COM 357: Non-Linear Editing. 4 hours (2, lab; 2, lecture),3 credits. Principles and practice of step-by-step functions of nonlinearediting, including logging, capturing, and organizingaudio-video media. PREREQ: COM 215, COM 226.COM 359: Mass Media: The Thought Persuaders. 3 hours,3 credits. The impact of media on our perceptions, senses of reality,thought processes and personal language meanings. PRE-REQ:COM 305 and/or permission of instructor or Department.COM 400: Decision Making in Oral Communication. 3 hours,3 credits. Classical and contemporary theories of oral decisionmaking. Practice in special forms, such as cross-examination,direct clash, parliamentary debate, and colloquy. PREREQ: COM304, 305, or 306.COM 404: Television Directing. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. Selecting, arranging, and unifying audio/video elementsfor live, scripted TV programs. PREREQ: A grade of at leastC- in COM 315 and instructor's permission.COM 405: Dynamics of Persuasion. 3 hours, 3 credits. A studyof theories, techniques, and media of persuasion. PREREQ: EitherCOM 305 or 350.COM 407: Rhetorical Theory and Criticism. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of major rhetorical and critical theories. Analysis andevaluation of selected speeches. PREREQ: Either one selectedfrom COM 305, 306, 307, and 308 or instructor's permission.128 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

COM 417: Broadcast Programming. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of theroles of the public, government, advertisers, stations, and networksin influencing radio and TV content. PREREQ: COM 214.COM 418: Mass Media and Public Policy. 3 hours, 3 credits.Intensive study of selected problems of public policy in masscommunication. PREREQ: COM 214.COM 420: Cinema Esthetics and Criticism. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of the art of cinema through the viewing and analysis,both in and out of class, of the works of selected film artists.Supplementary readings in the works of film critics and theoristswill be assigned. PREREQ: COM 212 and 213.COM 421: Film Directing. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.Theory and practice of controlling and integrating elements offilm production. Projects are produced during the semester.PREREQ: A grade of at least C- in COM 316 and instructor'spermission.COM 451: Special Studies in Communication Arts. 3 hours,3 credits. Consideration of special topics in communication arts.PREREQ: Permission from the Director.COM 452: Special Studies in Mass Communication. 3 hours,3 credits. Special topics in mass communication. Topics will varyfrom semester to semester. PREREQ: Director's permission.COM 485: Independent Study in Communication Arts. Onesemester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Independent study ofspecial problems and independent research in communicationarts. PREREQ: Permission from the Director.COM 486: Independent Study in Mass Communication. Onesemester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Independent study and/orresearch in mass communication. PREREQ: Director's permission.COM 489: Research Project in Communication Arts. One semester,3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Individual research andreading under the direction of a faculty member of the department.An honors essay or some suitable presentation in communicationarts is required. PREREQ: Permission from theDirector.COM 490: Research Project in Mass Communication. Onesemester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Individual research andreading under the direction of a faculty member of the Department.An honors project in mass communication is required.PREREQ: Director's permission.Theatre ProgramThe Theatre Program at Lehman offers training in (1) performancearts, including acting and directing; (2) costume, lighting, andscene design, including technical theatre; and (3) the dramaticliteratures and history of the theatre. These three "tracks" are augmentedby a Dance minor, with courses in jazz, ballet, modern,and ethnic dance. The Dance component provides students withperformance opportunities beyond the classroom in dance concertsand participation in the Theatre Program's musical comedyproductions. The Dance Program is housed in the College's APEXand has its own dance recital hall (M-18).Theatre students are provided with ample opportunities for ahands-on learning experience both on and backstage in the Lovinger(a 500-seat proscenium arch theatre) and in the Studio(Black Box) and Student Experimental Theatre (S.E.T.). Eachyear, major faculty productions are mounted, and a student oneactplay festival is held that gives students the opportunity toexplore their creativity as young directors. Graduates pursuecareers in commercial and educational theatre, technical theatre,stage management, advertising, teaching, and various positionsin media and performance arts.THEATRE PROGRAM MAJOR REQUIREMENTCredits Course Description3 THE 208 Acting I3 THE 234 Visual Elements of the Theatre3 THE 311 Play Analysis3 THE 443 Studies in Contemporary Theatre6 THE 326 History of the Theatre I, andTHE 327 History of the Theatre II18 Additional credits in Theatre courses or approveddisciplines, which must include at least one 400-level course or a program chosen in consultationwith a faculty advisor in Theatre.MINOR IN THEATREFor the 12-credit minor in Theatre, inquire in the DepartmentOffice, Carman Hall, Room 259.Courses in Theatre*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.THE 200: Theatre Workshop. 4 hours, 1 credit. (May be repeatedfor a maximum of 4 credits; areas are not repeatable. Open to allstudents.) Practical application of principles and theories of theatrearts through participation in Department theatre productions.Theatre faculty will supervise students working in aparticular faculty member's area of expertise. Areas include management(house, stage, props, publicity), design and construction(lighting, scenery, costumes, makeup), and performance(acting, directing, assistant directing). PREREQ: A course inTheatre and permission of the instructor and the Department.THE 208: Acting I. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Study andpractice of the fundamentals of acting.THE (COM) 232: Voice and Speech for the Actor. 3 hours,3 credits. Vocal techniques for a performing career in professionaltheatre, film and television.THE 233: Stage Makeup. 2 hours, 1 credit. Styles and techniquesof stage makeup.THE 234: Visual Elements of the Theatre. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. Study of the visual arts of the theatre, with emphasison basic stagecraft, painting, and materials and designconcepts of scenery, lighting, and costume. PRE- OR COREQ:THE 311.THE (BLS): 238 African American Theatre. 3 hours, 3 credits.African American performance from the slave narrative andminstrelsy to the adoption of contemporary dramatic forms.*THE 239: Creative Dramatics for Children. 3 hours, 3 credits.THE 241: The Art of the Theatre. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examinationof the nature of live theatre: its forms, practices, and purposes,and its relevance to society.THE 243: Alternative Lifestyles in Drama. 3 hours, 3 credits.Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered drama from ChristopherMarlowe through Mae West to the present.THE 300: Advanced Theatre Workshop. 4 hours, 3 credits.(May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits). Analysis and applicationof principles and theories of theatre arts through extensiveparticipation in a theatre production. Study of the theatricalwork being performed, together with other works from theauthor's canon. Advanced analysis and interpretation applied tosuch activities as management (house, stage, props, publicity),design and construction (lighting, scenery, costumes, makeup),and performance (acting, directing, assistant directing).PREREQ: A course in Theatre and permission of the Director.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 129

THE (ENW) 308: Playwriting. 3 hours, 3 credits. The theory andpractice of writing the one-act play.THE (COM) 309: Screenwriting. 3 hours, 3 credits. A practicalapproach to screenwriting for theatre, film, and television, fromconception to finished script of the screenplay. PREREQ: COM218.*THE 310: Play Production and Directing for SecondarySchools. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Note: THE 310 maynot be taken for credit in addition to THE 335.THE 311: Play Analysis. 3 hours, 3 credits. Fundamental principlesof dramatic structure applied to selected plays from theviewpoint of theatre artists.THE 320: The Children's Theatre. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. The history, literature, and production practices of theInternational Children's Theatre movement.THE (CLT) 326: History of the Theatre I. 3 hours, 3 credits.History of the theatre and drama to the seventeenth century.PREREQ: THE 311.THE 327: History of the Theatre II. 3 hours, 3 credits. History ofthe theatre and drama from the seventeenth century to the present.PREREQ: THE (CLT) 326. Note: Students are advised tofirst take THE 326.THE 331: Acting II. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Continuedstudy and practice of the principles of acting, with emphasis oncharacterization and scene work. PREREQ: THE 208 and 311.THE 332: Theatre Theory. 3 hours, 3 credits. Classical and moderntheories of theatre from Aristotle to the present, with emphasis ontwentieth-century contributions. PREREQ: THE 311THE 335: Directing I. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Studyand practice of the fundamentals of directing. PREREQ: THE 311and THE 208 or 234.THE 336: Scenic Design. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Thescenic elements in the visual arts of the theatre, film, and TV, withemphasis on the design concepts and materials of scenery for thestage and live performance. PREREQ: Either THE 234 or instructor'spermission. If more than one 300-level course in theatre design istaken, the additional PREREQ is either THE 326 or 327.THE 337: Costume Design. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.The various aspects of costume for the theatre: wardrobe, history,construction, properties, and basic elements of design.PREREQ: Either THE 234 or instructor's permission. If morethan one 300-level course in theatre design is taken, the additionalPREREQ is either THE 326 or 327.THE 338: Lighting Design. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.The lighting elements in the visual arts of the theatre, film, andTV, with emphasis on design concepts and materials of lightingfor the stage and live performance. PREREQ: Either THE 234 orinstructor's permission. If more than one 300-level course intheatre design is taken, the additional PREREQ is either THE 326or 327.THE (COM) 343: Voice-Over for Radio, Film, and TV. 3 hours,3 credits. Microphone technique, script analysis, and auditionskills. PREREQ: COM (THE) 232.THE (COM) 344: Acting for the Camera. 3 hours, 3 credits.On-camera technique, audition skills, script analysis. PREREQ:THE (COM) 232.THE 348: Theatre Management. 3 hours, 3 credits. Economic andmanagerial aspects of the American theatre as they apply to professional,not-for-profit, and educational theatre organizations.PREREQ: THE 234: Visual Elements of the Theatre, or permissionof the Department.THE 370: Theatre Internship. 12 hours (8-12 in the field plusconference), 3 credits. May be repeated once with Departmentalapproval. Supervised work in a theatrical institution to developskills in production, casting, rehearsals, costuming, and design.PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of 45 college credits and Departmentalapproval.THE 427: Advanced Costume Design. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. Continuation of costume design for theatre, film, andtelevision. PREREQ: THE 234: Visual Elements of the Theatre,THE 311: Play Analysis, THE 337: Costume Design, or permissionof instructor or Department.THE 434: Advanced Technical Theatre. 3 hours, 3 credits. An indepthexploration of organizational and procedural aspects ofbudgeting, estimating, construction, rigging, mounting of scenery,and operations and maintenance of equipment used in thetheatre and the entertainment industry. PREREQ: THE 234:Visual Elements of the Theatre, and one of the following: THE336: Scenic Design, THE 337: Costume Design, or THE 338:Lighting Design, or Departmental permission.THE 435: Advanced Acting. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.Characterization and ensemble work for the actor. PREREQ:THE 208 and 331 and instructor's permission.THE 436: Advanced Scenic Design. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. Continuation of scenic design. PREREQ: THE 234:Visual Elements of the Theatre, THE 311: Play Analysis and THE336: Scenic Design, or Departmental permission.THE 438: Advanced Lighting Design. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. Continuation of lighting design techniques for theatre,film, and television. PREREQ: THE 234: Visual Elements of theTheatre, THE 311: Play Analysis, and THE 338: Lighting Design,or departmental permission.*THE 439: Studies in the Greek and Roman Theatre. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: Either THE 326 or instructor's permission.*THE 440: Studies in Elizabethan and Jacobean Theatre.3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: Either THE 326 or instructor's permission.THE 441: Directing II. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Continuedstudy and practice of the principles of directing. Students willdirect a one-act play in the studio theatre. PREREQ: THE 335.*THE 442: Studies in Modern Theatre. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: Either THE 327 or instructor's permission.THE 443: Studies in Contemporary Theatre. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of the theatrical practices and conventions of the midtwentiethcentury, as illustrated through the work of Europeanand American playwrights. PREREQ: Either THE 327 or instructor'spermission.*THE 445: Studies in Restoration and Eighteenth-CenturyTheatre. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: Either THE (CLT) 327 orinstructor's permission.THE 448: Advanced Theatre Management. 3 hours, 3 credits.Economic and managerial aspects of the American theatre asthey apply to professional, for-profit theatre organizations.PREREQ: THE 234: Visual Elements of the Theatre and THE 348:Theatre Management, or Departmental permission.THE 454: Special Studies in Theatre. 3 hours, 3 credits. Considerationof special topics in theatre. PREREQ: Departmental permission.THE 470: Advanced Theatre Internship. 12 hours (8-12 in thefield plus conference), 3 credits. May be repeated once with Departmentalapproval. Supervised work in a theatrical institutionto develop skills in production, casting, rehearsals, cos-tuming,and design. PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of 60 college credits,15 of which must be in Theatre, and Departmental approval.130 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

THE 488: Independent Study in Theatre. One semester,3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Independent study of specialproblems and independent research in theatre. PREREQ:Departmental permission.THE 492: Research Project in Theatre. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Individual research and reading under facultydirection. An honors essay or some other suitable presentationin theatre is required. PREREQ: Departmental permission.Courses in Oral Interpretation*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*COM 205: Oral Interpretation of Literature I. 3 hours,3 credits. Analysis and performance of selected works of poetry,prose, and drama. Note: Students who are interested in independentstudy, special studies, or a research project in oral interpretation may pursuetheir work in COM 451, 485, or 489; or in THE 454, 488, or 492.*COM 215: Nonverbal Communication. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of nonverbal communication including body language,paralanguage, and proxemics. PREREQ: COM 100, COM 203,COM 204, COM 205, THE 208, or consent of the instructor.*COM 302: Oral Interpretation of Literature II. 3 hours, 3 credits.Continuation of Oral Interpretation of Literature I, with emphasison refining performance techniques and combiningseparate selections into a program. PREREQ: COM 205. Note:Students who are interested in independent study, special studies, or aresearch project in oral interpretation may pursue their work in COM451, 485, or 489; or in THE 454, 488, or 492.*COM 303: Ensemble Reading. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:COM 205 and instructor's permission.*COM 402: Special Forms of Oral Interpretation. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: COM 205 and 302.Programs in Dance*55-CREDIT MAJOR IN DANCE, B.A.(not currently offered, and under revision)*48-TO-51-CREDIT MAJOR IN DANCE-THEATRE, B.F.A.(not currently offered, and under revision)STATEMENT OF CREDITS FOR DANCE PERFORMINGGROUPSStudents may earn a maximum of 4 credits for participation in thedance performing groups, with no more than 1 credit to be assignedfor 1 dance group each semester.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN DANCEThe College Requirement of a Minor Field may be satisfied witheither of the following 12-credit options (at least 9 of the creditsmust be in 300- or 400-level courses):• Technique and Performance: DNC 203, 249, 266, 267, 303, 351,and 352; plus a 1-credit option in the field of specialization, selectedfrom DNC 353, 354, or 355; or in an allied area—DNC353, 360, or 451 (research, production, or performance); or• Technique and Choreography: DNC 203, 266, 267, 303, 345,450, 451, and 452Note: All Dance minors are encouraged to select DNC 135 in order tosatisfy their distribution requirement in the arts.Courses in DanceNote: Students must show a valid Physical Activity Card at the firstclass meeting.*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.DNC 100: Dance Workout I. 2 hours, 1 credit. A fundamentalskills program that integrates general fitness activities with a selectionof modern dancercise, aerobic, and toning techniques.DNC 101: Folk, Square, and Social-Dance Forms I. 2 hours,1 credit.DNC 103: Beginning Ballet. 2 hours, 1 credit. (Fundamentalcourse open to all students without preliminary audition; requiredof DNC degree candidates who have not passed auditionfor DNC 203.) (May be repeated for a maximum of2 credits.) Study and analysis of the basic principles of placementand elementary technique and form fundamental to classicalballet training.DNC 105: Modern Dance Fundamentals I. 2 hours, 1 credit.(Closed to DNC majors.) Elementary movement experiencesand beginning modern dance. Leotards and tights recommended.DNC 121: Beginning Ethnic and Jazz Dance. 2 hours, 1 credit.Study of beginning multicultural dance techniques.DNC 135: Dance Perspectives. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Note: Thiscourse does not fulfill any requirement for the major in dance.) Asurvey of the place of Dance in cultural history. The role of thechoreographer as entertainer, moralist, dramatist, abstractionist,and politician. Students will attend live performances, whenappropriate.DNC 201: Ballet Principles I. 3 hours, 2 credits. Study and analysisof fundamental techniques of barre, adagio, and petite allegro.PREREQ: DNC 101 or exemption.DNC 202: Ballet Principles II. 3 hours, 2 credits. Continuationof Ballet Principles I. PREREQ: DNC 201 or exemption.DNC 205: Modern Dance Fundamentals II. 2 hours, 1 credit.PREREQ: DNC 105. Continuation of Modern Dance FundamentalsI. PREREQ: DNC 105.DNC 206: Fitness through Dance II. 2 hours, 1 credit. An intermediatefitness program combining intermediate modern dancefloor exercises with a ballet barre and aerobic activities.A continuation of the fitness program begun in DNC 106.PREREQ: DNC 106 or Departmental approval.DNC 211: Modern Dance Principles I. 3 hours, 2 credits. Priordance experience required. Study of basic principles of alignment,movement, and elementary techniques in modern dance.Exemption by audition.DNC 212: Modern Dance Principles II. 3 hours, 2 credits. Continuationof Modern Dance Principles I. PREREQ: DNC 211 orexemption.*DNC 226: Theory and Practice of Modern Dance. 2 hours,1 credit. PREREQ: Either DNC 166 or Departmental permission.*DNC 227: Theory and Practice of Dance in Education.2 hours, 1 credit. Experimentation with the techniques of folk,ethnic, and contemporary forms, and analysis of their role ineducation. PREREQ: DNC 166 and either DNC 101 or 201; orDepartmental permission.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 131

DNC 249: Rhythmic Analysis of Movement. 2 hours, 1 credit.(Required of DNC majors and recommended to PEC majors.Open to students interested in therapy, recreation, and kindergartenand early childhood education.) Survey course in basicrhythmic movements with relation to the musical fundamentals.Use of percussion.DNC 303: Ballet Workshop. 3 hours, 1 credit (maximum 4 credits).Development of style, form, technique, and composition in ballet.PREREQ: Either DNC 203 or Departmental permission.DNC 311: Intermediate Modern Dance. 3 hours, 2 credits. Thestudy and analysis of the intermediate techniques of moderndance. PREREQ: DNC 212.DNC 312: Advanced Modern Dance. 3 hours, 2 credits. Advancedtheory and technique, with emphasis on choreographicstyle. PREREQ: DNC 311.*DNC 316: Educational and Recreational Programs in Dance. 3hours, 2 credits. PREREQ: DNC 101 or Departmental permission.DNC 320: Movement for Actors and Dancers. 3 hours, 2 credits.Techniques in movement, mime, and style. Exploration from thetraditional to the experimental.DNC 345: Choreography and Improvisation. 3 hours, 2 credits.The development of the creative process by means of improvisationand a variety of choreographic projects from the traditionalto the experimental. PREREQ: Either DNC 266 or Departmentalpermission.DNC 350: Workshop in Music and Movement. 3 hours, 2 credits(maximum 4 credits). (Limited to qualified PEC, REC, MUS, andTHE majors.) A survey of the rhythmic bases of movement; thestudy of dance accompaniment; the analysis of traditional andcontemporary sources of sound and music applicable in classand in choreographic and theatre arts situations. PREREQ: DNC249 or Departmental permission.DNC 351: Professional Repertory Workshop in ContemporaryDance Form. 6 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Advancedtheory and technique with extended sequences and excerptsfrom the repertory of professional choreographers. Guest artistsand guest choreographers will attend, and differing stylistic sequencesfrom several repertories will be analyzed and performed.Members of the Lehman College Student ApprenticeDance Theatre Company will be selected from this course.PREREQ: DNC 267, Departmental permission, and audition.DNC 352: Workshop in Ethnic Dance Forms. 6 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Study and analysis of ethnic forms, such asBalinese, Indian, African-American, African, and/or jazz works astheatre art forms. Sequences from the repertory of guest artistsare studied and performed. PREREQ: DNC 266, or BLS 175 orDepartmental permission and audition.DNC 353: Performance Group: Modern. 3 hours, 1 credit. Advancedtheory and technique with extended sequences from therepertory of professional choreographers of the past and present.Specifically intended for members of the student performingcompanies. PREREQ: Departmental permission and audition.DNC 354: Performance Group: Ballet. 3 hours, 1 credit. Advancedtheory and technique with extended sequences from therepertory of professional choreographers of the past and present.Specifically intended for members of the student performingcompanies. PREREQ: Departmental permission and audition.DNC 355: Performance Group: Ethnic. 3 hours, 1 credit. (Anycombination of the above courses may be taken for a maximumof 4 credits.) Advanced theory and technique with extendedsequences from the repertory of professional choreographers ofthe past and present. Specifically intended for members of thestudent performing companies. PREREQ: Departmental permissionand audition.DNC 360: Selected Topics in Dance. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Consideration of recent developments in dance.PREREQ: Six credits in program area or permission of programcoordinator.DNC 405: Seminar and Practicum in Skills and Performance.3 hours, 3 credits. This course is designed to prepare advancedstudents for a comprehensive practicum in technique and composition.PREREQ: DNC 267, 302, and 345.DNC 420: History and Applied Principles of Dance. 3 hours,2 credits. Study of the philosophical and historical principles ofdance from primitive to contemporary dance, with use of appliedtechniques and compositional studies. PREREQ: Satisfactorycompletion of 60 college credits.DNC 450: Choreographic Workshop I. One semester, 1 credit(maximum 2 credits). (Limited to qualified DNC, ART, MUS, andTHE majors.) Individual choreographic assignments, underfaculty guidance. PREREQ: Either DNC 345 or Departmentalpermission.DNC 451: Choreographic Workshop II. One semester, 2 credits(maximum 6 credits). (Limited to qualified DNC, ART, MUS, andTHE majors.) Special choreographic assignments, research, production,and/or performance under faculty guidance. PREREQ:DNC 345 and Departmental permission.DNC 452: Student Repertory Workshop. 6 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Student repertory in performance. Thiscourse is designed to analyze and incorporate combined elementsof advanced theatrical production and performance: (1)staging works for the proscenium theatre, for the theatre in theround, and for varied environments; (2) analyzing the use offilm, slides, props, costumes, collages, and various multimediaelements in production; and (3) studying the elements andtechniques of performance. PREREQ: Either DNC 267 and 451and THE 234 or Departmental permission.DNC 485: Honors. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).Individual study, under faculty guidance, leading to completion ofeither an honors essay or a production book in the case of creativeperformance. PREREQ: DNC Director's permission.DNC 493: Special Projects. One semester, 2 credits (maximum4 credits). Special problems, research, and production and/orperformance under faculty guidance. PREREQ: Departmentalpermission.132 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Languages and LiteraturesChair: Maria Grazia DiPaolo (Carman Hall, Room 257)Adviser: Oscar Montero (Carman Hall, Room 279)Department Faculty: Professors: Antoinette Blum, Maria Grazia Di-Paolo, M. Ana Diz, Ricardo R. Fernández, Marlene D. Gottlieb,Maria Cristina Guiñazú, Oscar Montero, José Muñoz Millanes,Manfredi Piccolomini, Susana Reisz de Rivarola, Gary S. Schwartz,Thomas Spear; Associate Professors: Carmen Esteves, Gerardo Piña;Lecturer: Lynne Van VoorhisThe Department of Languages and Literatures offers a wide varietyof language and literature courses in Arabic, Chinese, French,German, Greek, Hebrew, Irish, Italian, Latin, Japanese, Portuguese,Russian, Spanish, and Yiddish. The Department also offerscourses in literature and culture conducted in English, some ofwhich satisfy the distribution requirement. In addition, a specialSpanish-language sequence is offered for heritage speakers ofSpanish to enable them to preserve and enhance their knowledgeof Spanish. Students may major in French, German, Greek, Hebraicand Judaic Studies, Italian, Latin, Russian, or Spanish. TheDepartment also participates in the interdisciplinary programs inComparative Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Studies,and Multilingual Journalism. For students majoring in fields withinternational or global goals, the Department offers courses inphonetics, business, translation, reading in the arts and sciences,and health professions.Placement in Courses: The Department places entering studentson the basis of proficiency shown on tests administered beforeregistration, in addition to an approximate placement based ona certain number of years of language study in high school. ADepartmental adviser is available throughout the summer registrationperiod.Teaching and Other Careers: A student majoring in a language willreceive a solid foundation for graduate study and may look forwardto a career in many areas of business, industry, governmentservice, and mass communication as well as in teaching at alllevels from elementary school to college. Students planning toteach a language in secondary school should consult their majoradvisers, as well as the Office of the Dean of Education (CarmanHall, Room B-33, 718-960-4972) regarding requirements forNew York State teacher certification.Opportunities for Study Abroad: The Department encourages studentsto develop linguistic proficiency and first-hand culturalknowledge by participating in credit-bearing programs of studyabroad. Lehman students have received credit for study in manyplaces, including France, Canada, Italy, Puerto Rico, Spain, andthe Dominican Republic. Additional programs are being developedto offer a wider geographical and content choice. Studentsneed not be language majors or minors to study abroad.Major Fields• French• German• Greek• Hebraic & Judaic Studies• Italian• Latin• Russian• SpanishInterdisciplinary Programs• Comparative Literature• Latin American and Caribbean Studies• Multilingual JournalismOther OfferingsCourses in:• Arabic• Chinese• Irish• Japanese• Portuguese• Yiddish• Literature & Culture (Conducted in English)Classical Languages, Literatures, andCulturesStudents may major in either Greek or Latin, or may combinethe two for a Greek-Latin major. There is also a major in ClassicalCulture.36-CREDIT MAJOR IN LATIN, B.A.The required credits are distributed as follows:Credits (36)24 In LAT courses12 Selected from ACU courses or from any 300-level courses inancient history or ancient art, or from courses in ancientphilosophy. Courses in other related areas, e.g., medievalstudies, may be submitted with permission of the Departmentchair;orGRK 101-102 and 3 additional credits may be selected fromthe history and culture courses specified above or 12 creditsfrom GRK courses.36-CREDIT MAJOR IN GREEK, B.A.The required credits and courses are distributed as follows:Credits (36)24 In GRK courses12 Selected from the history and culture courses specified underthe LAT major; or LAT 101-102 and 3 additional creditschosen from the history and culture courses specified underthe LAT major;or12 credits selected from LAT courses42-CREDIT COMBINED MAJOR IN GREEK AND LATIN, B.A.The required credits and courses are distributed as follows:Credits (42)18 In GRK courses18 In LAT courses numbered higher than 1026 Selected from the history and culture courses specified underthe LAT majorLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 133

36-CREDIT MAJOR IN GREEK AND LATIN, B.A., WITH ASPECIALIZATION IN CLASSICAL CULTUREThe required credits and courses are distributed as follows:Credits (36)24 In ACU courses or HIA courses on Greek and Romantopics or HIS 275, of which 21 credits must be at the 300level12 Distributed as follows:orand9 credits: Students with no previous study of Greek or Latinmust complete either GRK 101-102 or LAT 101-102.3 credits: Students having the equivalent of one year of collegeGreek or Latin must complete a 3-credit readingcourse in Greek or Latin authors.The remaining credits (3 or 9) must be chosen from 300-level courses in ancient art or philosophy. (Courses inother appropriate subjects may be substituted with theChair's permission.)French30-CREDIT MAJOR IN FRENCH, B.A.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (30)9 In required French courses: FRE 300 and 303, and either301 or 302.21 Selected from other 300- or 400-level FRE courses.Students who anticipate graduate work in French should takeat least 18 credits of French literature.Germanic Languages and Literature36-CREDIT MAJOR IN GERMAN, B.A.Of the 36 credits required for the German major, 24 normallyshould be in German and the other 12 in related fields. These creditsand courses are distributed as follows:Credits (36)24 In German courses, selected from GER 202, 301, 302, andadvanced courses, one of which should be in German literatureof the classical period.12 In related fields: e.g., courses in the literature of othercountries; comparative literature; or the art, history, music,or philosophy of German-speaking countries. The choice issubject to the approval of the Chair of the Department.Hebraic and Judaic Studies36-CREDIT MAJOR IN HEBRAIC AND JUDAIC STUDIES, B.A.,WITH A SPECIALIZATION IN HEBRAIC STUDIESThe requirements are 36 credits, at least 24 of which must be inHebrew literature and advanced Hebrew language. The choice ofcourses for all 36 credits is subject to approval by the officer incharge of Hebraic and Judaic Studies.Credits (36)24 In HEB courses selected from HEB 202, 215, 216, 217,317, 318, 321, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 331, 341,and 389.12 In either HCU courses or related courses offered by otherdepartments.Note: Some courses designated HCU may be substituted for the regularHebrew courses in the Hebrew major. This applies primarily tostudents who are fluent in the language or are interested principally inclassical Hebrew. Such substitutions require the written approval ofthe officer in charge of Hebraic and Judaic Studies.38-CREDIT MAJOR IN HEBRAIC AND JUDAIC STUDIES, B.A.,WITH A SPECIALIZATION IN JUDAIC STUDIESThe requirements are 24 credits in HCU courses (taught in English)and 14 credits in Hebraic Studies for attainment of basiccompetence in Hebrew. The choice of all 38 credits is subject toapproval of the officer in charge of Hebraic and Judaic Studies.This distribution of required credits and courses is as follows:Credits (38)24 In HCU courses.14 In HEB courses: HEB 101, 102, and 202 and HEB 215,216, or 217.Note: Students may take courses in Yiddish language and literature inpartial fulfillment of the 24-credit HCU requirement. Students intendingto pursue graduate studies in Judaica are advised to take 300-level HEB courses in order to intensify their preparation in the language.Italian30-CREDIT MAJOR IN ITALIAN, B.A.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (30)6 In required ITA courses: ITA 303, and ITA 447 or 44824 Selected from 300- or 400-level coursesMultilingual Journalism42-CREDIT INTERDEPARTMENTAL MAJOR INMULTILINGUAL JOURNALISM, B.A.See the Department of Journalism, Communication, and Theatre fora description of this program.Slavic Languages and Literature24-CREDIT MAJOR IN RUSSIAN, B.A.Students in this major must take 24 credits in Russian courses beyondRUS 101 and 102.Spanish36-CREDIT MAJOR IN SPANISH, B.A.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (36)12 In required SPA courses: SPA 300, 306, 309, and 331.3 In one course in Latin American literature.3 In one course in Spanish literature.18 Selected from 300- or 400-level SPA courses. PRS 302 or303 (Puerto Rican Literature I or II) may be substituted forone of these courses. Students intending to do graduatework in Spanish should take at least 18 credits in literature.134 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Courses in ArabicARB 105: Elementary Arabic I. 3 hours, 3 credits. (For studentswith no prior knowledge of Arabic.) Study of the basic skills ofunderstanding, speaking, reading, and writing basic Arabic. Introductionto the culture and civilization of Arabic-speakingcountries.ARB106: Elementary Arabic II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of thebasic skills of understanding, speaking, reading, and writingbasic Arabic and the culture and civilization of Arabic-speakingcountries. PREREQ: ARB105 or placement by the Department.ARB 108: Elementary Arabic III. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of thebasic skills of understanding, speaking, reading, and writingbasic Arabic and the culture and civilization of Arabic-speakingcountries. PREREQ: ARB106 or placement by the Department.Courses in ChineseCHI 101: Elementary Chinese I. 4 hours, 4 credits. Elements ofgrammar, reading simple texts, practice in speaking and audiolingualwork in the Language Laboratory. Note: CHI 101 is notcredited without 102.CHI 102: Elementary Chinese II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Elements ofgrammar, reading simple texts, practice in speaking and audiolingualwork in the Language Laboratory. PREREQ: CHI 101 orequivalent.Courses in French*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Fundamental French Language SkillsFRE 101: Elementary French I. (For beginners.) 4 hours, 4 credits.Elements of grammar, reading of simple modern texts, andpractice in speaking. Audiolingual work in the Language Laboratory.Note: FRE 101 is not credited without 102.FRE 102: Elementary French II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Continuationof FRE 101. Completion of this course will provide studentswith all the basic linguistic elements needed for proficiency.PREREQ: FRE 101. Note: Completion of FRE 102 satisfies the foreignlanguage requirement. Students planning future work in Frenchlanguage or literature must take FRE 201 and/or FRE 202.FRE 105: Elementary French I. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Evening orSaturday only.) Study of pronunciation and the elements ofFrench grammar, reading of simple modern texts, and oral practice.Note: FRE 105 will not be credited without 106.FRE 106: Elementary French II. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Evening orSaturday only.) Study of pronunciation and the elements ofFrench grammar, reading of simple modern texts, and oral practice.PREREQ: FRE 105.*FRE 107: Elementary French: Intensive Course. 90 hours,6 credits. (Summer session only.) Note: FRE 107 is not open tostudents who have completed either FRE 101-102 or 105-106.FRE 108: Elementary French III. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Evening orSaturday only.) Study of pronunciation and the elements ofFrench grammar, reading of simple modern texts, and oral practice.PREREQ: FRE 106. Note: FRE 108 is not open to students whohave completed FRE 102. Completion of FRE 108 satisfies the foreignlanguage requirement. Students planning future work in French languageor literature must take FRE 201 and/or 202.FRE 201: Intermediate French Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits.Grammar review, extensive reading, composition, and oral practice.PREREQ: FRE 102 or Departmental permission. Note: Studentswho receive a grade of at least B+ in FRE 102 may enrolldirectly in FRE 202.FRE 202: Intermediate French Reading and Composition.3 hours, 3 credits. Grammar review, reading, composition, andpractical conversation. PREREQ: FRE 201, or 102 with a grade ofB+, or Departmental permission.FRE 205: French for Reading Knowledge. 3 hours, 3 credits. Extensivereading of varied French to enable students to read andcomprehend works of average difficulty: newspapers, journals,correspondence, and selections from contemporary literature.Note: FRE 205 is recommended to prospective graduate students in anyfield. FRE 205 does not satisfy the foreign language requirement.FRE 206: Business French. 3 hours, 3 credits. Reading and writingpractice for up-to-date business communication in banking,international law, trade, etc. PREREQ: FRE 201 (or equivalent).FRE 207: Intermediate French Conversation. 3 hours, 3 credits(closed to native speakers). Emphasis is on oral fluency. Intendedto provide students with the means to converse easily inFrench. PREREQ: FRE 102 or Departmental permission. Note:FRE 207 may be taken concurrently with FRE 201 or 202.French Language, Literature, and CultureFRE 245: Modern France.3 hours, 3 credits. Discussion of theforces and events that have been characteristic of the lifestyles,popular culture, and ideals of France since World War II. Newspapers,films, and other contemporary sources will serve as thedocumentation for this course. PREREQ: FRE 201 (or equivalent)or Departmental permission.FRE 265: Intermediate Studies in Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). (Primarily for students not in the FRE major.)Readings in contemporary French literature. Topics mayvary from semester to semester. PREREQ: FRE 202 or Departmentalpermission.FRE 281: Tutorial. 3 hours, 3 credits. Language work as directedby a faculty member to meet the student's specific needs (aspectsof French grammar, social work, health professions, etc.).PREREQ: Departmental permission.FRE 300: Introduction to French Literature and Literary Criticism.3 hours, 3 credits. (Required of FRE majors as PREREQ toall advanced FRE language and literature courses.) Selected readingsin prose, poetry, and theatre from different periods. Methodsand vocabulary of literary research and criticism. Practice inwriting critical papers. Individual conferences. PREREQ: FRE 202or Departmental permission.FRE 301: French Literature from the Middle Ages through theSeventeenth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits. Selected masterpieces ofFrench literature from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Classicalperiods, studied within an historical perspective. PREREQ: FRE202 or Departmental permission. Note: Either FRE 301 or 302 isrequired of all FRE majors.FRE 302: French Literature from the Eighteenth Century to thePresent. 3 hours, 3 credits. Selected masterpieces of French literaturefrom the eighteenth century to the present day, studiedwithin an historical perspective. PREREQ: FRE 202 or Departmentalpermission. Note: Either FRE 301 or 302 is required of allFRE majors.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 135

FRE 303: Advanced French Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Advancedprinciples of grammar and techniques of composition. PREREQ:FRE 202 or Departmental permission. Note: FRE 303 is required ofall FRE majors and is a PREREQ for FRE 305, 306, and 307.FRE 305: Advanced French Conversation. 3 hours, 3 credits(closed to native speakers). Intensive practice in conversation andlistening comprehension through nonliterary topics of currentinterest. Frequent oral reports to be discussed in class by otherstudents. PREREQ: FRE 303 or Departmental permission.FRE 306: Advanced Composition. 3 hours, 3 credits. Intensivepractice designed to improve and develop the ability to writeclear and accurate expository prose in French. PREREQ: FRE 303or Departmental permission.FRE 307: Advanced Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits. Translation ofcontemporary standard English into French (and vice versa).Emphasis on problems and techniques of translation. PREREQ:FRE 303 or Departmental permission.FRE 308: Theory and Practice of French Phonetics. 3 hours,3 credits. Descriptive study of the French sound system. Practicein phonetic perception, transcription, and articulation will includeindividual recordings and listening exercises. PREREQ:FRE 202 or Departmental permission.FRE 310: Comparative Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of English and French morphology, basic morphology,and syntax. PREREQ: FRE 201 or Departmental permission.Note: All 300-level FRE courses numbered 320 and above carry thefollowing PREREQ: FRE 300. Additional prerequisites are listed.FRE 320: Francophone Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study ofselected literature in French from Africa, North America, theCaribbean, etc. Themes and topics such as colonization andindependence, la négritude, la francophonie.FRE 321: French Literature of the Middle Ages. 3 hours, 3 credits.Readings may include La Chanson de Roland, Le Roman de la Rose,Villon, and Marie de France.FRE 322: Renaissance and Pre-Classical French Literature.3 hours, 3 credits. Readings of sixteenth-century authors, such asMontaigne, Rabelais, and the Pléiade poets.FRE 323: Seventeenth-Century French Literature I: Theatre.3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the classical French comedy and tragedy;readings in dramatists such as Corneille, Racine, andMolière.FRE 324: Seventeenth-Century French Literature II: Fiction,Essays, and Poetry. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readings of authors suchas Descartes, Pascal, La Rochefoucauld, Mme de Sévigné, LaFontaine, and Mme de Lafayette.FRE 325: Eighteenth-Century French Literature: The Age of theEnlightenment. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readings of authors such asMontesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, Laclos, and Beaumarchais.FRE 327: Nineteenth-Century French Literature I: Romanticismand Realism—The Novel. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readings ofauthors such as Chateaubriand, Balzac, Gautier, Stendhal, Nerval,Flaubert, and Zola.FRE 328: Nineteenth-Century French Literature II: Romanticismand Realism—Poetry and Drama. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readingsof authors such as Lamartine, Hugo, Musset, Baudelaire,Rimbaud, and Verlaine.FRE 341: Twentieth-Century French Literature I: Proust “L'Entre-deuxguerres”Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readings ofauthors such as Proust, Gide, Colette, Malraux, Cocteau, andCéline.FRE 342: Twentieth-Century French Literature II: Existentialismand the “Nouveau Roman.” 3 hours, 3 credits. Readings ofauthors such as Sartre, Camus, Queneau, Genet, Beckett, Sarraute,Simon, Duras, and Robbe-Grillet.FRE 344: Modern French Poetry. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readings ofpoets such as Apollinaire, Saint-John Perse, Ponge, Michaux,Césaire, Bonnefoy, and Eluard.FRE 352: Special Topics in French Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Study of various themes or aspects ofFrench literature. (Topics vary from semester to semester.)FRE 357: Special Topics in French Language. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Study of selected topics dealing with languageand literature, such as elements of style, rhetorical structure,levels of discourse. Topics will vary from semester tosemester. PREREQ: FRE 202.FRE 358: French Civilization and Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Topics in the study of the evolution ofscientific, philosophical, artistic, and literary movements andtheir interaction.FRE 370. Internship. 6 hours, 3 credits. Supervised field placementsin translation agencies, tutoring centers, and other environmentsneeding foreign language expertise. PREREQ:Departmental permission.FRE 381: Tutorial. 3 hours, 3 credits. Opportunity for a studentto pursue individual research and reading on a specific topicunder close faculty supervision. PREREQ: Departmental permission.FRE 450: Advanced Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum9 credits). Study in depth of special topics of French or francophonicliterature, which will vary from semester to semester.FRE 481: Honors Course in French. One semester, 3 credits.PREREQ: A 3.5 index in the FRE Major and Departmental permissionprior to registration.Courses in German Literature andCulture*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Elementary and Intermediate German Language Courses*GER 100: Elementary German—Intensive Course. 6 hours,6 credits. (For beginners.) PREREQ: Instructor's or Departmentalpermission.GER 101: Elementary German I. 4 hours, 4 credits. (For beginners.)Elements of grammar, reading of simple texts, and practicein speaking. Audiolingual work in the Language Laboratory.Note: GER 101 is not credited without 102.GER 102: Elementary German II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Elements ofgrammar, reading of simple texts, and practice in speaking andwriting. Audiolingual work in the Language Laboratory.PREREQ: Either GER 101 or 103 or one year of high schoolGerman (or equivalent).*GER 103: Elementary German I. 3 hours, 3 credits. (For beginners,evening only.) Note: GER 103 is not credited without 104 orGER 102 (day session).*GER 104: Elementary German II. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Eveningonly.) PREREQ: Either GER 103 or one year of high school German(or equivalent).*GER 107: German Reading Course. 3 hours, 3 credits.136 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

*GER 108: Elementary German for General Reading PurposesII. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: Either GER 107 (or equivalent) orGER adviser's permission.GER 201: Intermediate German. 3 hours, 3 credits. Reading anddiscussion of prose and poetry, grammar review, and practice inspeaking and writing. PREREQ: GER 100, 102, or 104, or twoyears of high school German (or equivalent).GER 202: Introduction to German Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: Either GER 201 or three years of high school German(or equivalent).*GER 205: German Literature on Records. 1 hour, 1 credit.PREREQ: GER 102 (or equivalent).*GER 207: Reading Course in Expository Prose. 1 hour,1 credit. PREREQ: Either GER 102 (or 104) or GER 108 (orequivalent).*GER 209: Intermediate German Conversation. 2 hours,2 credits. PREREQ: GER 102 (or equivalent).GER 281: Individual Study in Germanic Languages. One semester,3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Language work under the directionof a faculty member to meet the student's particularrequirements. PREREQ: GER adviser's permission.*GER 301: German Literature I. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:Either GER 202 or four years of high school German (or equivalent).*GER 302: German Literature II. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:GER 301 (or equivalent).*GER 307: Translation from German into English. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: Either GER 207 and 202 (or equivalent) oradviser's permission.*GER 308: Advanced German Composition. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). PREREQ: GER 202 (or equivalent).*GER 309: Advanced German Conversation. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). PREREQ: Either GER 202 or 209.GER 310: Comparative Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of English and German morphology, basic phonology,and syntax. PREREQ: GER 201 or Departmental permission.*GER 315: German Civilization. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Recommendedfor students planning to teach German.) PREREQ: GER301 (or equivalent).*GER 321: Survey of German Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: GER 301 (or equivalent).*GER 323: German Lyric Poetry. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:GER 301 (or equivalent).*GER 325: German Prose of the Nineteenth Century. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: GER 301 (or equivalent).*GER 326: German Prose of the Twentieth Century. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: GER 301 (or equivalent).*GER 327: German Drama of the Nineteenth Century. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: GER 301 (or equivalent).*GER 328: German Drama of the Twentieth Century. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: GER 301 (or equivalent).*GER 333: Goethe. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: GER 301 (orequivalent).*GER 334: Goethe's Faust. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: EitherGER 301 (or equivalent) or GER adviser's permission.*GER 350: Proseminar. 2 hours, 3 credits (maximum 9 credits).PREREQ: GER 301 (or equivalent).GER 351: Seminar. 2 hours, 3 credits (maximum 9 credits). Investigationof a significant theme and its treatment in German literature.(Topic to be announced.) PREREQ: German adviser'spermission.*GER 352: German Writers. 1 hour, 1 credit (maximum 3 credits).PREREQ: GER 301 (or equivalent).*GER 355: Aspects of German Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum9 credits). PREREQ: Either GER 202 or GER adviser's permission.GER 366: German Films (in English). 3 hours, 3 credits. RecentGerman movies by Kautner, Wicki, Schlöndorff, Fassbinder, andother directors. Analysis of plots and characters against the backgroundof twentieth-century Germany.GER 381: Tutorial in German. One semester, 3 credits (may berepeated). Individual study in advanced German under facultydirection. PREREQ: GER adviser's permission.GER 481: Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).Independent studies in an area or aspect of German literatures inwhich no formal course work has been done. PREREQ: GERadviser's permission.GER 485: Special Studies. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6credits). Individual study and independent research in Germanliteratures in consultation with a staff member. A paper is required.PREREQ: GER adviser's permission.GER 491: Honors Project. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6credits). Individual study and independent research in consultationwith a staff member. An essay is required. PREREQ: GERadviser's permission.Courses in Greek*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.GRK 101: Introduction to Ancient Greek I. 4 hours, 4 credits. GRK101 and 102 constitute a two-semester sequential unit of instructiondesigned for students who have had no previous training inGreek. The objective of this sequence is to train the student to readgraded passages of Greek literature chosen from ancient authors.Note: GRK 101 will not be credited without 102.GRK 102: Introduction to Ancient Greek II. 5 hours, 5 credits.Concludes the study of syntax and vocabulary started in GRK101 and begins the reading of continuous Greek texts. PREREQ:GRK 101.Note: All 200-level GRK courses (except for GRK 229) carry thefollowing PREREQ: GRK 101-102 (or the equivalent).*GRK 227: Plato: The Trial of Socrates. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 228: Homer: The Iliad. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 229: New Testament Greek. 2 hours, 2 credits.*GRK 230: Greek Prose Authors. 3 hours, 3 credits.GRK 281: Intermediate Greek Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Individual readings in Greek prose and poetryunder faculty direction. PREREQ: GRK adviser's permission.*GRK 301: Homer's Odyssey.3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 302: The Homeric Hymns and Hesiodic Poetry. 3 hours,3 credits.*GRK 303: Greek Lyric Poetry. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 304: Aeschylus. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 305: Sophocles. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 306: Euripides. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 307: Aristophanes. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 308: Thucydides. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 309: Xenophon. 3 hours, 3 credits.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 137

*GRK 310: The Attic Orators. 3 hours, 3 credits.*GRK 314: Plato. 3 hours, 3 credits.GRK 315: Comparative Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of English and Greek morphology, basic phonology,and syntax. PREREQ: GRK 281 or Departmentalpermission.GRK 381: Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits (may be repeated).Individual study of a special field or author. PREREQ:Departmental permission.*GRK 400: Greek Prose Composition and Stylistics. 2 hours,2 credits.GRK 491: Honors Research. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6credits). Individual study of a special field or author. PREREQ:Departmental permission.Courses in Hebraic Studies*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Hebrew LanguageHEB 101: Elementary Hebrew I. 4 hours, 4 credits. Fundamentalsof pronunciation, reading, and grammar. Practice of conversationand reading of simple texts. Note: HEB 101 will not becredited without 102.HEB 102: Elementary Hebrew II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Continuationof the work in HEB 101. PREREQ: HEB 101.HEB 202: Advanced Hebrew. 3 hours, 3 credits. Sections from ancient,medieval, and modern texts; intensive review of grammar; andpractice in oral and written composition. PREREQ: Either HEB 102,three years of high school Hebrew, or equivalent.*HEB 300: Hebrew Conversation I. 2 hours, 2 credits. PREREQ:Either HEB 202, 4 years of high school Hebrew, or equivalent.*HEB 301: Hebrew Conversation II. 2 hours, 2 credits. PREREQ:HEB 300 (or equivalent).*HEB 341: Hebrew Grammar and Composition. 3 hours, 3credits. PREREQ: HEB 215, 216, or 217 (or equivalent).Hebrew LiteratureHEB 215: Biblical Literature: Pentateuch. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of the Pentateuch, with a Hebrew commentary. PREREQ:HEB 202 (or equivalent).*HEB 216: Biblical Literature: Historical Books. 3 hours, 3credits. PREREQ: HEB 202 (or equivalent).*HEB 217: The Modern Hebrew Short Story. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: HEB 202 (or equivalent).HEB 281: Intermediate Hebrew Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Individual readings in prose and poetry,grammar review, oral practice, and written composition underfaculty direction. PREREQ: HEB adviser's permission.Note: All HEB courses numbered 317 through 331 carry the followingPREREQ: Either HEB 215, 216, or 217 (or the equivalent).*HEB 317: Biblical Literature: Prophetic Books. 3 hours,3 credits.*HEB 318: Biblical Literature: Hagio-grapha. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HEB 321: Talmudic Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HEB 322: Medieval Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HEB 323: Poetry of the Modern Hebrew Renaissance Period.3 hours, 3 credits.*HEB 324: The Modern Hebrew Essay. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HEB 325: History of Modern Hebrew Literature. 3 hours,3 credits.*HEB 327: The Modern Hebrew Novel. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HEB 328: Contemporary Hebrew Prose. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HEB 331: Medieval Hebrew Philosophic Texts. 3 hours,3 credits.HEB 381: Tutorial in Hebrew. One semester, 3 credits (may berepeated). Individual study in advanced Hebrew under facultydirection. PREREQ: HEB adviser's permission.*HEB 389: Seminar. 2 hours, 2 credits (maximum 4 credits).PREREQ: Permission of the officer in charge of HEB/HCU.HEB 481: Honors Project. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6credits). Individual study and independent research on Hebrewliterature, in consultation with a Hebrew-teaching faculty member.An honors essay is required. PREREQ: Permission of theofficer in charge of HEB/HCU.Courses in IrishIRI 103: Elementary Irish I. 3 hours, 3 credits. (For students withno prior knowledge of Irish.) Study of the pronunciation andelements of Irish grammar, reading of simple texts, and oralpractice.IRI 104: Elementary Irish II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the pronunciationand elements of Irish grammar, reading of simpletexts, and oral practice. PREREQ: IRI 103.IRI 105: Elementary Irish III. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of thepronunciation and elements of Irish grammar, reading of simpletexts, and oral practice. PREREQ: IRI 104.Courses in Italian*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Fundamental Italian Language SkillsITA 101: Elementary Italian I. (For beginners.) 4 hours, 4 credits.Elements of grammar, reading of simple texts, and practice inspeaking. Audiolingual work in the Language Laboratory. Note:ITA 101 is not credited without 102.ITA 102: Elementary Italian II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Elements of grammar,reading of ordinary Italian prose, and training in oral and writtenexpression. Audiolingual work in the Language Laboratory.PREREQ: ITA 101. Note: Completion of ITA 102 satisfies the foreignlanguage requirement. Students planning future work in the Italian languageor literature must take ITA 201 and/or 202.ITA 105: Elementary Italian I. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Evening andSaturday only.) Study of pronunciation and the elements ofItalian grammar, reading of simple texts, and oral practice. Note:ITA 105 will not be credited without 106.ITA 106: Elementary Italian II. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Evening and Saturdayonly.) Study of pronunciation and the elements of Italiangrammar, reading of simple modern texts, and oral practice.PREREQ: ITA 105. Note: ITA 106 is not credited without ITA 108.ITA 108: Elementary Italian III. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Evening andSaturday only.) Study of pronunciation and the elements ofItalian grammar, reading of simple modern texts, and oral practice.PREREQ: ITA 106. Note: ITA 108 is not open to students whohave completed ITA 102. Completion of ITA 108 satisfies the foreignlanguage requirement. Students planning future work in the Italianlanguage or literature must take ITA 201 and/or 202.ITA 201: Intermediate Italian Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits.Grammar review, extensive readings, composition, and oralpractice. PREREQ: ITA 102 or 108 or Departmental permission.Note: Students who receive a grade of B+ or better in ITA 102 or 108may enroll in ITA 202. All others should enroll in ITA 201.138 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

ITA 202: Intermediate Italian Reading and Composition.3 hours, 3 credits. Grammar review, reading, composition, andpractice conversation. PREREQ: ITA 201, 102, or 108, completedwith a grade of B+ or better, or Departmental permission. Note:Students who receive a grade of B+ or better in ITA 102 or 108 mayenroll in ITA 202. All others should enroll in ITA 201.ITA 205: Italian for General Reading Purposes. 3 hours,3 credits. (Closed to ITA majors.) Extensive reading of variedItalian texts of graded difficulty. This concentrated one-semestercourse is for students outside the ITA major who wish to gainthe first elements of a general reading knowledge of the language.Discussions in English. Note: ITA 205 is designed particularlyfor prospective graduate students in any field.ITA 207: Conversational Italian. 3 hours, 3 credits. Designed todevelop fluency in the conversational use of Italian. Topicsaround current events to serve as a basis for discussion and oralreports. PREREQ: ITA 102 or 108 with a grade of B, or Departmentalpermission.Italian Language, Literature, and CultureITA (IAS) 245: Italy Today. 3 hours, 3 credits. A panoramic view ofcontemporary Italy and an analysis of her role in industry, fashion,folklore, film making, and theatre, as seen through leading journalsand other sources. PREREQ: ITA 201 or Departmental permission.Note: Designed for students not majoring in Italian.ITA 265: Intermediate Studies in Italian. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). (Closed to ITA majors.) PREREQ: ITA 202(or equivalent).ITA 281: Tutorial. 3 hours, 3 credits. Language work as directedby a faculty member to meet the student's specific needs (aspectsof Italian grammar, social work, health professions, etc.).PREREQ: ITA 202 or departmental permission.ITA 300: Introduction to Literary Studies. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thiscourse will introduce students to literary genres and principles ofliterary analysis through readings of representative texts of Italianliterature. PREREQ: ITA 202 or Departmental permission.ITA 303: Advanced Grammar and Composition. 3 hours,3 credits. (Required of ITA majors.) Study of techniques of presentationand development of ideas. Emphasis on creative writingon a variety of literary and contemporary themes. PREREQ: ITA202 or Departmental permission.ITA 305: Advanced Conversation. 3 hours, 3 credits. Intensive oralpractice to greatly increase and improve the fluency of students inthe ITA concentration. Topics of conversation based on subjects ofliterature, civilization, and problems of interest to the Italian community.PREREQ: ITA 207 or Departmental permission.ITA 307: Advanced Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits. Translation ofcontemporary standard English into Italian (and vice versa).Emphasis on problems and techniques of translation. PREREQ:ITA 202.ITA 308: Theory and Practice of Italian Phonetics. 3 hours, 3credits. Descriptive study of the Italian sound system. Practice inphonetic perception, transcription, and articulation will includeindividual recordings and listening exercises. PREREQ: ITA 202.ITA 310: Comparative Grammar.3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of English and Italian morphology, basic phonology,and syntax. PREREQ: ITA 201 or Departmental permission.*ITA 314: Italian Civilization I. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: ITA202 or departmental permission.*ITA 315: Italian Civilization II. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: ITA202 or Departmental permission.Note: All ITA courses numbered 320 and above carry Departmentalpermission as a PREREQUISITE.ITA 320: Italian Short Story from Its Origins to the SixteenthCentury. 3 hours, 3 credits. The short story as a narrative form.Readings of texts from Boccaccio to Bandello.ITA 322: Disguises and Revelations: The Italian Comedy as aGenre. 3 hours, 3 credits. The origin and development of theItalian comedy as a genre. Readings of texts from Machiavelli'sMandragola to Goldoni's La Locandiera.ITA 326: Main Romantic and Post-Romantic Italian Novelists.3 hours, 3 credits. Readings of texts from Manzoni's Ipromessi sposito Verga's IMalavoglia.ITA 327: Petrarca's Love Poetry. 3 hours, 3 credits. This coursewill examine the Petrarchan sonnet and its influence in Europe.ITA 329: Renaissance Prose Writers. 3 hours, 3 credits. The study ofMachiavelli, Guicciardini, and other representative prose writers.ITA 330: Love as Escape in Renaissance Chivalric Poetry.3 hours, 3 credits. Readings from Ariosto's Orlando furioso andTasso's Gerusalemme liberata.ITA 335: Italian Poetry of the Nineteenth Century. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of the major Italian Romantic poets: Foscolo,Leopardi, and Manzoni.ITA 337: Literature of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,from the Baroque through the Enlightenment. 3 hours, 3credits. An overview of the main literary and philosophicaltrends of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.ITA 338: In Search of One's Identity: The Modern Italian Novel.3 hours, 3 credits. A study of the modern Italian novel from 1900 toWorld War II, with readings from Svevo to Pirandello.ITA 340: The Contemporary Italian Novel. 3 hours, 3 credits.A study of Italian fiction from World War II to the present, based onreadings and discussions of works from Vittorini to Eco.ITA 341: The Contemporary Italian Theatre. 3 hours, 3 credits.A study of major works from Pirandello and Betti through theexperimental theatre of today.ITA 343: Italian Poetry of the Twentieth Century. 3 hours,3 credits. The “Decadents” (D'Annunzio, etc.), the “TwilightPoets” (Gozzano, etc.), and Futurism and the “Hermetic School”(Ungaretti, Montale, Quasimodo, etc.).ITA 357: Special Topics in Italian Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.(Maximum 6 credits.) Study of selected topics dealing with languageand literature, such as elements of style, rhetorical structure,levels of discourse. Topics will vary from semester tosemester. PREREQ: ITA 202.ITA 370: Internship. 6 hours, 3 credits. Supervised field placementsin translation agencies, tutoring centers, and other environmentsneeding foreign language expertise. PREREQ: Departmental permission.ITA 381: Tutorial. 3 hours, 3 credits. Opportunity for a student topursue individual research and reading on a specific topic underclose faculty supervision. PREREQ: Departmental permission.ITA 447: Dante's Divina Commedia: Inferno. 3 hours, 3 credits.An in-depth study of Inferno. PREREQ: Two 300-level ITA literaturecourses.ITA 448: Dante's Divina Commedia: Purgatorio and Paradiso.3 hours, 3 credits. Study in depth of Purgatorio and Paradiso.PREREQ: ITA 447 and two 300-level ITA literature courses.*ITA 450: Advanced Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: ITA303 and two 300-level ITA literature courses. Note: Qualifiedjuniors may be admitted with ITA adviser's permission.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 139

ITA 481: Honors Course in Italian. One semester, 3 credits. Individualresearch under the direction of an Italian-teaching memberof the Department. The student reports in weeklyconferences to the research adviser and presents such papers asmay be prescribed. PREREQ: Chair's permission.Courses in Japanese Language andLiteratureJAL 101: Elementary Japanese I. 4 hours, 4 credits. Elements ofgrammar, reading simple texts, practice in speaking, and audiolingualwork in the Language Laboratory. Note: JAL 101 is notcredited without 102.JAL 102: Elementary Japanese II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Elements ofgrammar, reading simple texts, practice in speaking, and audiolingualwork in the Language Laboratory. PREREQ: JAL 101 (orequivalent).JAL 201: Intermediate Japanese I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Developmentof vocabulary, and practice in speaking, reading, and writing;study of Kanji (Chinese characters). PREREQ: JAL 102 (orequivalent).JAL 202: Intermediate Japanese II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Emphasison facilitating communication in speaking and writing; readingand further study of grammar and Kanji. PREREQ: JAL 201 (orequivalent).JAL 301: Advanced Japanese I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Review andextension of grammar and syntax through the discussion ofmagazine and newspaper articles. Study of the appropriate useof kana and kanji. PREREQ: JAL 202 (or the equivalent).JAL 302: Advanced Japanese II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Review andextension of grammar and syntax through the discussion ofliterary texts and contemporary articles. Continued study of theappropriate use of kana and kanji. PREREQ: JAL 301 (or theequivalent).JAL 310: Comparative Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of English and Japanese morphology, basic phonology,and syntax. PREREQ. JAL 201 or Departmental permission.JAL 350: Topics in Japanese Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Selected topics in Japanese literature. (For specifictopics each semester, consult the Department.) PREREQ:JAL 302 or permission of the instructor.JAL 352: Special Topics in Japanese Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of various themes or aspects of Japanese literature. (Topicsvary from semester to semester.) PREREQ: JAL 301.Courses in Judaic Studies*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.(No knowledge of Hebrew required.)*HCU (YDH) 100: Elementary Yiddish—Intensive Course.6 hours, 6 credits.*HCU (YDH) 101: Elementary Yiddish I. 4 hours, 4 credits. Note:HCU (YDH) 101 is not credited without HCU (YDH) 102.*HCU (YDH) 102: Elementary Yiddish II. 5 hours, 5 credits.PREREQ: HCU (YDH) 101 (or equivalent).*HCU 111: The World of the Old Testament. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: COR 100 or 104.*HCU (YDH) 201: Intermediate Yiddish I. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: HCU (YDH) 102 (or equivalent).*HCU (YDH) 202: Intermediate Yiddish II. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: HCU (YDH) 102 (or equivalent).*HCU (HIA) 302: Biblical History and Archaeology. 3 hours,3 credits.HCU (HIA) 304: Ancient Jewish History. 3 hours, 3 credits.Survey of the development of the Jewish people, including theorigin of the Hebrews, the experience at Sinai, the United andDivided Commonwealth, Jewish law and thought, and contactswith the Greeks and Romans.HCU (HIS) 307: The Course of Modern Jewish History. 3hours, 3 credits. Survey of the Jewish people in the Western worldduring the past 300 years; their struggle for political and socialequality, their search for new homes, and new forms of life. Thenew Jewish centers, Messianic hopes, and the struggle for emancipation;the Enlightenment movement; religious, national, andsocial trends; migration of Jews to America; World Wars I and II;and the emergence of the State of Israel.HCU (HIW) 308: The Jews of Tsarist and Soviet Russia. 3hours, 3 credits. Russian Jewry from the nineteenth century untilthe present, with special emphasis on Jewish life in Russia since1917; Tsarist oppression and ideological developments; WorldWar I and the era of revolutions; interwar consolidation andsocioeconomic construction; World War II and the Nazi occupation;the Stalin era; and de-Stalinization and recent developmentsin Soviet Jewry.*HCU 318: The Jewish Tradition in Modern French and GermanLiterature. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HCU 319: Masterpieces of Ancient and Medieval HebraicLiterature in Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits.*HCU 320: Readings in Modern Hebraic Literature in Translation.3 hours, 3 credits.*HCU 324: Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Human Predicament.3 hours, 3 credits.*HCU 325: The Hebrew Prophets. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study ofthe prophetic movement in ancient Israel from Mosaic to postexilictimes. Attention to major motifs and contributions of theprophets to historical, ethical, and religious thought. Literaryanalysis of rhapsodic and oracular poetry in the Bible.HCU 326: Cultural Foundations of Modern Israel. 3 hours,3 credits. Study in depth of the ethos of modern Israel; extensivereadings from related literary, philosophical, and publicisticwritings that have shaped the new social and spiritual forms inthe State of Israel.HCU (HIA) 330: The Jews During the Middle Ages. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of the expansion of the Diaspora during the DarkAges; Babylonian Jewry, its institutions and history; Jews in MoslemSpain; the emergence of Franco-German Jewry; and Jewishlife in medieval Christian Europe.*HCU (HIA) 333: A History of the Jews in Spain and the SephardicDispersion. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: HCU 160, HCU(HIA) 330, HIA 112, or HIE 335, or permission of the officer incharge of HEB/HCU.HCU (YDH) 340: Masterpieces of Yiddish Literature in Translation.3 hours, 3 credits. Study of major works in Yiddish literatureagainst the background of Jewish life in the cultural centersof Eastern Europe and the United States. Selections from MendeleMocher Serforim, Peretz, Sholom Aleichem, and representativesof Soviet and American Yiddish literature will be covered.140 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

HCU (HIS) 342 (SOC 242): Anti-Semitism from Early Christianityto Hitler. 3 hours, 3 credits. The origins of the conflict betweenChristianity and Judaism, and the fate of the Jews inMedieval Europe. The gradual liberation and assimilation of theJews of Western Europe, 1789-1870. The rise of modern racismand anti-Semitism in Europe, 1889-1939. Hitler, the Nazis, andthe destruction of European Jewry during World War II. Anti-Semitism in the contemporary world. Social-psychological andcultural theories of anti-Semitism will be considered.HCU (HIE) 343: The Holocaust. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of thedestruction of the Jews of Europe during World War II. Politicalanti-Semitism in modern Europe ; the rise of Hitler and Nazism.The interwar period in Europe and the spread of anti-Semitism.World War II, ghetto, deportation, and liquidation. Problems ofrescue and resistance. Selected readings from the literature of theHolocaust.HCU (HIU) 344: American Jewish History. 3 hours, 3 credits.Survey of American Jewish history from colonial times until thepresent: migrations, socioeconomic changes, and cultural developments.Special emphasis on the history of American Jewrysince 1880. Jewish socialism, Zionism in America, Jewish reactionsto anti-Semitism, and Judaic religious life.HCU 350: Topics in Judaic Studies. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Selected topics in Judaic culture. (For specific topicsand sections each semester, consult the Department.)*HCU (PHI) 363: Introduction to Jewish Philosophy. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: Either satisfactory completion of 45 collegecredits or Departmental permission.HCU 481: Honors Project. One semester, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Individual study and independent research in Jewishhistory, culture, or thought, in consultation with an HCU/HEBfaculty member. An honors essay is required. PREREQ. Permissionof officer in charge of HEB/HCU.HCU (YDH) 485: Yiddish Independent Studies. One semester,3 credits (maximum 9 credits). Individual study and independentresearch in Yiddish under the direction of a faculty member.PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of 12 credits in YDH or relatedfields and permission of the officer in charge of HEB/HCU.Courses in Latin*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.LAT 101: Introduction to Latin I. 4 hours, 4 credits. LAT 101 and102 constitute a two-semester sequential unit of instructiondesigned for the student who has had no previous training inLatin. The objective of this sequence is to train the student toread graded passages of Latin literature chosen from ancientauthors. Note: LAT 101 will not be credited without 102.LAT 102: Introduction to Latin II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Concludesthe study of syntax and vocabulary started in LAT 101 and beginsthe reading of continuous Latin texts. PREREQ: LAT 101.LAT 103: Introduction to Latin I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Note: LAT103 will not be credited without 104.LAT 104: Introduction to Latin II. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:LAT 103.LAT 105: Introduction to Latin III. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:LAT 104.*LAT 228: Prose and Poetry of the Roman Republic. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: LAT 101-102 or 201 or three years of highschool Latin (or equivalent).LAT 281: Intermediate Latin Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits.) Individual readings in Latin prose and poetryunder faculty direction. PREREQ: LAT adviser's permission.Note: All 300-level LAT courses (except for LAT 381) carry the followingPREREQ: Either LAT 228 or 281 or four years of high schoolLatin (or the equivalent).*LAT 301: Roman Comedy. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 302: The Works of Horace. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 303: Vergil's Eclogues and Georgics. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 304: The Works of Cicero. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 305: Lucretius's On the Nature of Things. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 306: Vergil's Aeneid. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 307: Personal Correspondence. 3 hours, 3 credits.LAT 308: The Roman Novel. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LA 310: Livy's History of Rome. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 314: The Works of Ovid. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 315: Catullus and the Elegiac Poets. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 316: Caesar's Commentaries. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 317: The Works of Tacitus. 3 hours, 3 credits.*LAT 318: Roman Writers of the First and Second Centuries,A.D. 3 hours, 3 credits.LAT 319: Comparative Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of English and Latin morphology, basic phonology,and syntax. PREREQ. LAT 281 or Departmental permission.LAT 381: Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits (may be repeated). Individualstudy of a special field or author. PREREQ: Departmentalpermission.*LAT 400: Latin Prose Composition and Stylistics. 2 hours, 2credits. (Strongly recommended for those planning graduatestudy in classics.)LAT 491: Honors Research. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6credits). Individual study of a special field or author. PREREQ:Departmental permission.Courses in Portuguese*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*POR 105: Elementary Portuguese I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Note:POR 105 will not be credited without 106.*POR 106: Elementary Portuguese II. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: An earned grade of at least C in POR 105.*POR 108: Elementary Portuguese III. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: POR 106.*POR 201: Intermediate Portuguese Reading and Composition.3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: POR 106 (or equivalent).*POR 246: Portuguese Literature from the Eighteenth to theTwentieth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: POR 201 (orequivalent).*POR (LAC) 247: Brazilian Literature from the Colonial Periodto the Twentieth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: POR201 (or equivalent).POR 310: Comparative Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of English and Portuguese morphology, basic phonology,and syntax. PREREQ: POR 201 or Departmentalpermission.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 141

Courses in Slavic Languages andLiterature*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Elementary and Intermediate Russian and Other Slavic LanguageCourses*RUS 100: Elementary Russian—Intensive Course. 4 hours,4 credits. PREREQ: RUS adviser's permission.RUS 101: Elementary Russian I. 5 hours, 5 credits. Elements ofgrammar, reading of simple texts, practice in speaking, andaudiolingual work in the Language Laboratory. Note: RUS 101 isnot credited without 102.RUS 102: Elementary Russian II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Elements ofgrammar, reading of simple Russian prose, and audiolingualwork in the Language Laboratory. PREREQ: RUS 101 (or equivalent).*RUS 107: Elementary Russian for General Reading Purposes I.4 hours, 4 credits.*RUS 108: Elementary Russian for General Reading Purposes II.4 hours, 4 credits. PREREQ: RUS 107 (or equivalent).*RUS 201: Intermediate Russian I. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:RUS 102 (or equivalent).*RUS 202: Intermediate Russian II. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:RUS (or equivalent).RUS 203: Elements of Contemporary Russian I. 3 hours, 3credits. (For native speakers and students with native speakercompetency.) The grammatical structure of today's standardRussian. Intensive practice in reading and composition. Note:RUS 203 will satisfy the College requirement in foreign language.RUS (POL) 220: Russia Today. 3 hours, 3 credits. An introductionto life in the Russia and neighboring countries of the formerSoviet Union that explores the politics, society, history, andculture of Eurasia today, through a multidisciplinary approach,using a variety of media and materials.RUS 281: Intermediate Russian Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Individual reading of prose and poetry,grammar review, oral practice, and written composition underfaculty direction. PREREQ: RUS adviser's permission.SLA 281: Individual Study in Slavic Languages. One semester,3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Language work as directed by afaculty member to meet the student's particular requirements.PREREQ: RUS adviser's permission.Russian Language, Literature, and Culture (Conducted in Russian)*RUS 301: Advanced Russian I. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: RUS202 (or equivalent).*RUS 302: Advanced Russian II. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:RUS 301 (or equivalent).*RUS 308: Advanced Russian Grammar and Composition.PREREQ: RUS 302 (or equivalent).*RUS 309: Advanced Russian Conversation. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). PREREQ: RUS 202 (or equivalent).RUS 310: Comparative Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of English and Russian morphology, basic phonology,and syntax. PREREQ: RUS 201 or Departmental permission.*RUS 319: The Language of the Russian “byt.” 2 hours, 2 credits.PREREQ: RUS 202 (or equivalent).*RUS 320: Masterpieces of Russian Literature I—From theBeginning to the 1870s. 1 hour, 1 credit. PREREQ: RUS 201 (orequivalent). COREQ: RUS 340.*RUS 321: Masterpieces of Russian Literature II—From the1870s to the Soviet Period. 1 hour, 1 credit. Offered concurrentlywith RUS 341. PREREQ: RUS 201 (or equivalent).COREQ: RUS 341.*RUS 322: Masterpieces of Russian Literature III—From 1917to the Present. 1 hour, 1 credit. Offered concurrently with RUS342. PREREQ: RUS 201 (or equivalent). COREQ: RUS 342.Note: All courses numbered RUS 330 through 350 carry the followingPREREQ: RUS 301 (or equivalent).*RUS 330: Russian Literature from the Middle Ages to theEighteenth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 333: The Russian Short Story. 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 336: Russian Drama to Chekhov. 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 337: Twentieth-Century Russian Drama. 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 338: Classical Russian Poetry. 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 339: Modern Russian Poetry. 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 350: Colloquium in Russian Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). (Subject to be announced.)RUS 381: Tutorial in Russian. One semester, 3 credits (may berepeated). Individual study in advanced Russian under facultydirection. PREREQ: RUS adviser's permission.SLA 481: Tutorial. One semester, 1-3 credits (maximum 6 credits,except with special permission). Independent studies in an areaand/or aspects of Russian literature in which no formal work hasbeen done.SLA 485: Special Studies in Slavic. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 9 credits). Individual study and independent researchin one or more of the Slavic literatures in consultation with astaff member. A project is required. PREREQ: RUS adviser's permission.RUS 491: Honors Course in Russian. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). A course offering qualified students the opportunityto study special topics within fields that may vary fromsemester to semester. Individual research under the direction of afaculty member. PREREQ: RUS adviser's permission.Courses in Yiddish Language andLiterature*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*YDH (HCU) 100: Elementary Yiddish—Intensive Course.6 hours, 6 credits.*YDH (HCU) 101: Elementary Yiddish I. 4 hours, 4 credits.Note: YDH (HCU) 101 is not credited without YDH (HCU) 102.*YDH (HCU) 102: Elementary Yiddish II. 5 hours, 5 credits.PREREQ: YDH (HCU) 101 (or equivalent).*YDH (HCU) 201: Intermediate Yiddish I. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: YDH (HCU) 102 (or equivalent).*YDH (HCU) 202: Intermediate Yiddish II. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: YDH (HCU) 201 (or equivalent).*YDH (HCU) 340: Masterpieces of Yiddish Literature inTranslation. 3 hours, 3 credits.*YDH (HCU) 485: Yiddish Independent Studies. One semester, 3credits (maximum 9 credits). PREREQ: Departmental permission.142 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Courses in SpanishFundamental Spanish Language SkillsSPA 101: Elementary Spanish I. 4 hours, 4 credits. (For studentswith no prior knowledge of Spanish.) Elements of grammar,reading of simple texts, and practice in speaking. Audiolingualwork in the Language Laboratory. Note: SPA 101 is not creditedwithout 102.SPA 102: Elementary Spanish II. 5 hours, 5 credits. Elements ofgrammar, reading of ordinary Spanish prose, and training in oraland written expression. Audiolingual work in the LanguageLaboratory. PREREQ: SPA 101.SPA 103: Elementary Spanish I. 4 hours, 4 credits. (For studentswith aural comprehension of Spanish.) An intensive beginningcourse, with emphasis on basic elements of grammar, vocabulary,reading, and conversation. Note: Placement by Departmentalexamination. SPA 103 and 104 satisfy the College's requirement inforeign language.SPA 104: Elementary Spanish II. 5 hours, 5 credits. (For studentswith aural comprehension of Spanish.) A beginning course, withemphasis on elements of grammatical structures and practice inreading, writing, and oral exposition. PREREQ: SPA 103 orplacement by Departmental examination. Note: SPA 103 and 104satisfy the College's requirement in foreign language.SPA 105: Elementary Spanish I. 3 hours, 3 credits. (For studentswith no prior knowledge of Spanish.) Study of pronunciationand the elements of Spanish grammar, reading of simple texts,and oral practice. Note: SPA 105 is not credited without 106.SPA 106: Elementary Spanish II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study ofpronunciation and the elements of Spanish grammar, reading ofsimple texts, and oral practice. PREREQ: SPA 105.SPA 107: Elementary Spanish: Intensive Course. 90 hours, 6credits. (Closed to native speakers.) Study of pronunciation andthe elements of Spanish grammar, reading of simple texts, andoral practice. PREREQ: Placement by the Department. Note: SPA107 is not open to students who have completed either SPA 101-102or 105-106.SPA 108: Elementary Spanish III. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study ofpronunciation and the elements of Spanish grammar, reading ofsimple texts, and oral practice. PREREQ: SPA 106. Note: SPA 108is not open to students who have completed SPA 102.SPA 201: Intermediate Spanish Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits.(Closed to native speakers.) Grammar review, extensive reading,composition, and oral practice. Note: SPA 201 is for students whohave completed SPA 102 with less than a B- or have been placed bythe Department.SPA 202: Intermediate Spanish Reading. 3 hours, 3 credits.(Closed to native speakers.) Problems in oral and written expressionthrough reading and discussion of contemporary Spanishand Spanish-American texts. Discussion in Spanish. PREREQ:SPA 201 or placement by Department adviser.SPA 203: Elements of Contemporary Spanish I. 3 hours,3 credits. (For native or near-native speakers.) The grammaticalstructure of today's standard Spanish. Intensive practice in reading,speaking, and elementary composition. PREREQ: SPA adviser'swritten permission. Note: SPA 203 will satisfy the College'srequirement in a foreign language.SPA 204: Elements of Contemporary Spanish II. 3 hours,3 credits. (For native or near-native speakers.) Sources of vocabulary,word formation, and problems in oral and written expression.For native speakers already proficient in grammar andwritten expression who wish to continue their study of the structureof the language. PREREQ: Either SPA 203 or SPA adviser'swritten permission. Note: SPA 204 will satisfy the College's requirementin foreign language.SPA 207: Conversational Spanish. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Closed tonative speakers.) A course designed to improve students' skills inspeaking and understanding everyday Spanish. PREREQ: SPA 201,completed with a B- or better, or placement by the Department.SPA 208: Intermediate Spanish Conversation. 3 hours, 3 credits.(Closed to native speakers.) Discussion of relevant topics inSpanish for the purpose of further developing the students' abilityto deal with realistic situations they may encounter in theirprofession and social contact with Hispanic communities in thiscountry and abroad. PREREQ: SPA 207.Spanish Language, Literature, and CultureSPA (LAC) 250: Contemporary Problems in the HispanicWorld. 3 hours, 3 credits. Reading and discussion in Spanish ofselected texts dealing with problems such as the search for identity,nationalism, and the conflict between tradition and change.PREREQ: Either SPA 265 or SPA adviser's permission.SPA (LAC) 265: Contemporary Literature of Spain and SpanishAmerica. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Contemporarytrends in fiction, drama, and poetry as represented in theworks of distinguished authors of Spain and Spanish America.Topics may vary from semester to semester. PREREQ: For continuingstudents, SPA 202, 203, and 204; for entering students,appropriate proficiency as shown on placement test.SPA 266: Business Spanish and Correspondence. 3 hours,3 credits. Business and commercial Spanish for the student planningeither to teach business education in a bilingual program orto work in a nonteaching position requiring this special training.PREREQ: Departmental permission.SPA 281: Tutorial. 3 hours, 3 credits. Language work as directedby a faculty member to meet the student's specific needs (aspectsof Spanish grammar, law enforcement, social work, health professions,etc.) PREREQ: Departmental permission.SPA 293: Workshop in Creative Writing. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theoryand practice of creative writing. Students' writings and classcriticism of poetry and prose. Individual conferences. PREREQ:SPA 204 and Departmental permission.SPA 300: Introduction to Literary Studies. 3 hours, 3 credits. Literarygenres and principles of literary analysis through readings ofrepresentative Spanish and Spanish-American authors. This courseprovides the necessary training to do advanced work in literature.PREREQ: SPA 202 or 204, or Departmental permission.SPA 301: Spanish Literature from the Middle Ages to 1700.3 hours, 3 credits. Survey of major works from an historical andcultural perspective. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 302: Spanish and Spanish American Literature from theEighteenth to the Twentieth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits. Surveyof major trends and works of Spain and Spanish America froman historical and cultural perspective. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 305: Advanced Conversation. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Closed tonative speakers.) Intensive practice designed to develop fluencyand accuracy in oral expression and comprehension. Recommendedfor non-majors. PREREQ: SPA 202, 207, or 208.SPA 306: Advanced Spanish Composition. 3 hours, 3 credits.Intensive practice in writing Spanish and in the translation ofstandard English prose into Spanish. PREREQ: SPA 202 or 204.SPA 307: Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits. Translation of nonliterary,nontechnical texts of expository prose into Spanish and English.Use of the translator's basic tools. Emphasis on the expansionof vocabulary and on the morphological and syntactical differencesin both languages. PRE or COREQ: SPA 202 or 204.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 143

SPA 308: Spanish Phonetics and Diction. 3 hours, 3 credits. Descriptivestudy of the Spanish sound system. Practice in phoneticperception, transcription, and articulation. Attention to sentencephonetics: juncture, stress, pitch. PREREQ: SPA 202 or 204.SPA 309: Advanced Spanish Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits.Grammar of the Spanish language, with emphasis on the syntacticaland semantic features. PREREQ: SPA 202 or 204.SPA 310: Comparative Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of English and Spanish morphology, basic phonology,and syntax. PREREQ: SPA 201 or Departmental permission.SPA (LAC) 320: Spanish American Literature of the NineteenthCentury. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readings of representativeauthors. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 321: Neoclassicism and Romanticism in Spain. 3 hours,3 credits. Readings from representative works of the eighteenthand nineteenth centuries. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 322: Realism in the Spanish Narrative. 3 hours, 3 credits.Representative works of nineteenth-century realist fiction inSpain. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 323: Spanish Novel and Lyric Poetry of the Golden Age.3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the narrative and lyric traditions of theRenaissance and Baroque. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 330: Twentieth-Century Spanish Literature. 3 hours,3 credits. Narrative, poetry, drama, and essay of the Generationsof 1898 and 1927. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 331: Cervantes's Don Quixote. 3 hours, 3 credits. Don Quixoteand the birth of the Modern European novel. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 332 (LAC 334): Spanish American Fiction of the TwentiethCentury. 3 hours, 3 credits. Critical readings of twentiethcenturynarrative texts. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 333: Spanish American Literature of the Conquest.3 hours, 3 credits. A study of texts from the period of the SpanishDiscovery and conquest of the New World through the period ofcolonization. Letters, diaries, chronicles, poems, histories, andtravel narratives will be read. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA (ENG) (LAC) 339: Latino/Latina Literatures in English.3 hours, 3 credits. English-language literature developed byPuerto Ricans, Chicanos, Cubans, Dominicans, and other Latinogroups in the U.S. Emphasis on the similarities in the developmentof themes, structures, and genres, and relationships withmainstream American literature.SPA 340: Spanish Literature of the Middle Ages. 3 hours,3 credits. Selected representative works of medieval genres, suchas epic and romance, ballads, short fiction, La Celestina.PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 341: Spanish “ Comedia” of the Golden Age. 3 hours,3 credits. Origins of the Spanish theatre and the major playwrightsof the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 342: Spanish Literature after the Civil War. 3 hours,3 credits. Narrative, poetry, drama, and photo essay in Spain after1939. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 343 (LAC 344): Twentieth-Century Latin American Poetry.3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the major trends in Latin-Americanpoetry from el modernismo to the present. Among the major poetsto be studied are Darío, Lugones, Huidobro, Borges, Vallejo,Neruda, Parra, Paz, and others. PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 350: History of the Spanish Language. 3 hours, 3 credits.The life of languages. Special emphasis on semantic change; hownew words are created, how their meanings change throughtime, as well as in the wide and varied geographical areas whereSpanish is spoken.SPA (LAC) 352: Special Topics in Hispanic Literature. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Study of selected themes (e.g.,women) or modes (e.g., parody) or literary forms and strategies(e.g., first-person narrative) in Peninsular and/or Spanish Americanliteratures. (Topics vary from semester to semester.)PREREQ: SPA 300.SPA 357: Special Topics in Spanish Language. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Study of selected topics dealing with languageand literature, such as elements of style, rhetorical structure,levels of discourse. Topics will vary from semester tosemester. PREREQ: SPA 202 or 204.SPA 358: Spanish Civilization. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6credits). Topics in the study of the development of Spanish institutionsand the cultural history of Spain. PREREQ: SPA 202 or 204.SPA (LAC) 359: Spanish American Civilization. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Topics in the study of the cultureand civilization of Spanish America as seen in its literature.PREREQ: SPA 202 or 204.SPA 370: Internship. 6 hours, 3 credits. Supervised field placementsin translation agencies, tutoring centers, and other environmentsneeding foreign language expertise. PREREQ: Departmentalpermission.SPA 381: Tutorial. 3 hours, 3 credits. Opportunity for a student topursue individual research and reading on a specific topic underclose faculty supervision. PREREQ: Departmental permission.SPA 450: Advanced Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study in depthof special topics of Spanish and Spanish-American literature,which will vary from semester to semester. Written and oralreports. PREREQ: Departmental permission.SPA 481: Honors Course in Spanish. Special Studies in Spanish-AmericanLiterature. One semester, 3 credits. A course offeringqualified students the opportunity to study aspects ofSpanish American literature. Guided individual research. Groupmeetings, individual conferences, oral and written reports.PREREQ: A 3.5 index in the SPA major and Departmental permission.SPA 482: Honors Course in Spanish. Special Studies in SpanishLiterature. One semester, 3 credits. A course offering qualified studentsthe opportunity to study special topics of Spanish literature.Guided individual research. Group meetings, individual conferences,oral and written reports. PREREQ: A 3.5 index in the Spanishmajor and Departmental permission.Courses in Classical Culture—Conducted in English(No knowledge of Latin or Greek required)*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*ACU 160: Introduction to the Greek and Roman Cultures.3 hours, 3 credits.*ACU 226: Greek Daily Life. 3 hours, 3 credits.*ACU 227: Roman Daily Life. 3 hours, 3 credits.ACU 231: Current English Usage of Latin and Greek. 3 hours,3 credits. A study of the most important Latin and Greek elementsin English usage, both literary and scientific; principles ofetymology and word formation; and consideration of such specializedvocabularies as poetic, philosophic, legal, and medical.This course is designed to equip the student with the ability todevelop a better understanding of the vocabulary of English.144 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

ACU 232: The Vocabulary of Medical and Scientific Terminology.3 hours, 3 credits. The course provides students with theability to understand and use medical and scientific terminologyby studying and analyzing those Greek and Latin elements thathave served as the basis for all scientific vocabulary since theRenaissance.ACU 266: Classical Myth and the Human Condition. 3 hours,3 credits. Study through literary and artistic sources of selectedclassical myths that explore essential problems of human existence.PREREQ: For students matriculated September 1, 1984,and thereafter: COR 100.ACU (WST) 302: Women in Antiquity. 3 hours, 3 credits. Astudy of the roles of women in Greek and Roman society as theycan be seen from the important literary works of antiquity. Attitudestoward women will also be examined, with some attentionbeing paid to mythological and archaeological sources.*ACU 304: The Literature of Ancient Science. 3 hours, 3 credits.ACU 305: Greek Literature in Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of Greek literature and thought from Homer to Socrates,with supplements from Hellenistic and later literature. Emphasiswill be on the emergence of the concept of man as an individualand as a social creature and on the expression of that concept inthe evolution of lyric, drama, history, oratory, and philosophy asformal literary genres.*ACU 306: Roman Literature in Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits.ACU 307: The Greek and Roman Epic in English Translation.3 hours, 3 credits. Ancient narrative song and poetry in its developmentfrom Homer to Statius, with chief emphasis on the Iliadand the Odyssey and the Aeneid of Vergil.ACU 308: Greek and Roman Tragedy in English Translation.3 hours, 3 credits. A study of the plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles,and Euripides against their religious and social backgrounds. TheRoman treatment of Greek tragic themes by Seneca the Younger,with some attention to the influence of the latter on Europeandrama.*ACU 309: Ancient Comedy in English Translation. 3 hours,3 credits.*ACU 310: History and Biography as a Genre of Literature.3 hours, 3 credits.ACU/HIA/WST 311: Women in Antiquity. 3 hours, 3 credits.Examination of the image, role, and status of women in bothAncient Greek and Roman society, as seen from the importantliterary works of antiquity.ACU (PHI) 315: Philosophical Thought before Socrates.3 hours, 3 credits. The development of speculative, rhetorical, andethical literature in Greece from earliest times to the period ofSocrates. Special attention will be given to those factors thatcontributed to the basis of the Socratic method of inquiry.PREREQ: One PHI course.ACU (HIA) 316: Greek Archaeology of the Classical Period.3 hours, 3 credits. Study of major Greek sites of the fifth andfourth centuries B.C., including the topographies of Athens,Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes. The influence of Greece on surroundingcivilizations, such as Persia, will be investigated, andthe effects of the cultural and political life of the period on urbandevelopment will be stressed.ACU (HIA) 318: Roman Archaeology and Topography. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of the major pre-Roman sites of Italy, including thecities of Etruria. The development of the City of Rome during theRepublican period, and the investigation of such sites as Pompeiiand Herculaneum. The spread of Romano-Hellenistic urban civilizationthroughout the Mediterranean region during the empire. Adetailed study of the topography of imperial Rome.*ACU 321: The Ancient Romance. 3 hours, 3 credits.ACU 350: Topics in Ancient Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum12 credits). Selected topics in ancient culture. (For specifictopics and sections each semester, consult the Department.)ACU 381: Tutorial in Ancient Culture. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Individual or group study of a special fieldor author. PREREQ: Either satisfactory completion of 60 collegecredits or Chair's permission.Courses in French Literature andCulture—Conducted in English(Not credited toward the French major)*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.FRE 232: The Francophone World (in translation). 3 hours, 3credits. Selected works from the (non-European) French-speakingworld in English translation. Religions, colonization, independence,the negritude movement, bilingualism, and other topics pertinent tola Francophonie.FRE 233: French Literature in Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits.Introduction to some of the most significant works of Frenchliterature in English translation. Authors and works chosenwithin a specific historical perspective for their importance andimpact within Western culture and/or their literary innovation.FRE 234: Introduction to French Cinema. 3 hours, 3 credits.A study of major French film makers; their themes, styles, andaesthetic commitments through the showing and discussion ofselected outstanding films (with English subtitles). Complementaryreading of selected works of French literature (in Englishtranslation) that have significantly influenced the aesthetics andevolution of French films.FRE 250: Special Topics and Themes on French Literature inTranslation. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Themes andtopics vary from semester to semester.*FRE 251: French Authors in English Translation. 3 hours, 3credits (maximum 9 credits).FRE 356: Special Topics in Modern French Literature. 3 hours,3 credits. The discussion and analysis of a specific author,movement, or a limited number of selected works of Frenchliterature of the twentieth century. PREREQ: One 3-credit, 200-level FRE course or its equivalent.Courses in German Literature andCulture—Conducted in English(No knowledge of German required)*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Note: All 300-level courses in this section carry the followingPREREQ: Either satisfactory completion of 30 college credits or 6credits in GER or other literature courses.*GER 340: Famous Works of German Literature in EnglishTranslation. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Closed to GER majors.)*GER 341: Contemporary German Literature in English Translation.3 hours, 3 credits.*GER 344: Faust (in English). 3 hours, 3 credits.*GER 346: Brecht's Plays and Their Sources (in English).3 hours, 3 credits.*GER 348: Modern Scandinavian Prose (in English). 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: Either completion of at least 60 college creditsor 6 credits in German or other literature courses.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 145

*GER 349: The Modern German and Scandinavian Drama (inEnglish). 3 hours, 3 credits.*GER 360: German Authors in English Translation. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 9 credits except with special permission).*GER 361: German Writers in English Translation. 1 hour, 1credit (maximum 3 credits except with special permission).*GER 362: Topics and Themes in German Literature (in English).3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 9 credits except with specialpermission).*GER 365: Aspects of German Culture (in English). 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 6 credits).*GER (SLA) 450: Independent Study in Drama and Theatre(in English). One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).PREREQ: GER adviser's permission.Courses in Italian Literature andCulture—Conducted in English(Not credited toward the Italian major)*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.ITA 230: Italian Cinema. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of majorItalian film makers: their themes, styles, and social significance,through the showing and discussion of selected, outstandingfilms (with English subtitles). Complementary readings of selectedworks of Italian literature (in English translation) thathave significantly influenced the aesthetics and the evolution ofItalian films. The course will be conducted entirely in Englishand assumes no previously learned material.ITA 231: Dante's Divina Commedia in Translation. 3 hours,3 credits. (Closed to ITA majors.) The theme of man and hissearch for identity. Readings and discussion in English.ITA 232: Boccaccio in Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Closed toITA Majors.)ITA 233: Italo-American Contributions. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Open toall students.)*ITA 234: Machiavelli in Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Closedto ITA majors.)*ITA 236: Pirandello in Translation. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Closedto ITA majors.)ITA 237: Masterpieces of Italian Literature (in English).3 hours, 3 credits. Great works of Italian literature, from Dante tothe high Renaissance, with emphasis on their importance as abasis for other European literatures.Courses in Japanese Literatureand Culture(Conducted in English)JCU 211: Japanese Literature and Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study in English translation of selected literature and dramaticworks explored both as works of art and as manifestations ofJapanese culture.JCU 212: Classics of Japanese Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study in English translation of selected classics of Japanese literaturerepresentative of the major genres from the early to themodern period. PREREQ: COR 100 (or the equivalent).Courses in Slavic Literature andCulture—Conducted in English*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Note: All the courses in this section carry the following PREREQ:Either satisfactory completion of 30 college credits or 6 credits in RUSor other literature courses.*RUS 340: Survey of Russian Literature from the Beginning tothe 1870s (in English). 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 341: Survey of Russian Literature from the 1870s to theSoviet Period (in English). 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 342: Survey of Soviet Russian Literature from 1917 tothe Present (in English). 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 343: Survey of Russian Drama (in English). 3 hours,3 credits.*RUS 346: Dostoevsky (in English). 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 347: Tolstoy (in English). 3 hours, 3 credits.*RUS 360: Russian Authors (in English). 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). (Topics to be announced.)*SLA 362: Topics and Themes in Slavic Literature (in English).3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). (Topic to be announced.)*SLA 365: Aspects of Slavic Culture and Civilization (in English).3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).*SLA (GER) 450: Independent Study in Drama and Theatre(in English). One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).PREREQ: RUS adviser's permission.Courses in Spanish Literature—Conducted in English(Not credited toward the Spanish major)*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*SPA 231: Spanish Literature in Translation I. 3 hours, 3 credits.*SPA 232: Spanish Literature in Translation II. 3 hours, 3 credits.SPA 233: Latin American Literature in Translation. 3 hours,3 credits. The poetry, novel, and essay of the nineteenth andtwentieth centuries.SPA 234: Cervantes and the Modern Novel. 3 hours, 3 credits.Cervantes's artistic creation and its relation to the culture of thesixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Discussion and readings inEnglish.SPA 251: Topics in Spanish Literature and Spanish-AmericanLiterature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study in depth of special topics orauthors, varying from semester to semester. Discussions and oraland written reports in English.World Classics(Interdisciplinary and Interdepartmental)IDW (CLT) 213: Classics of the Asian World. 3 hours, 3 credits.A study of masterworks in literature and thought of the Asianworld, with emphasis on the traditions of India, China, andJapan.IDW (CLT) 211: Classics of the Western World: Ancient andMedieval. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of masterworks in ancientand medieval literature and legend that have exerted particularinfluence on the Western world.IDW (CLT) 212: Classics of the Western World II: Renaissanceand Modern. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of masterworks in Westernliterature from the Renaissance to modern times.146 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Latin American and Puerto Rican StudiesChair: Forrest ColburnDepartment Faculty: Professors: Laird Bergad, Forrest Colburn; AssociateProfessors: Licia Fiol-Matta, Milagros Ricourt; Lecturers: AnnaLervold, Xavier TottiThe Department of Latin American and Puerto Rican Studiesoffers a Bachelor of Arts degree in Puerto Rican Studies and aninterdisciplinary Bachelor of Arts degree in Latin American andCaribbean Studies. The Department also participates in the interdisciplinaryComparative Literature Program, as well as theWomen's Studies Option. (See below for information on theLatin American and Caribbean Studies Program, which is administeredby an independent director and a committee composedof faculty from participating departments.)Professional Opportunities and Graduate Study: A student majoringin Puerto Rican Studies or Latin American and Caribbean Studieswill receive a solid foundation for graduate study and maylook forward to a career in many areas of business, industry,government service, and teaching at all levels from elementaryschool to college. (For preparation in elementary or secondaryteaching, consult the Department of Early Childhood andChildhood Education or the Department of Middle and HighSchool Education.)Latin American and CaribbeanStudies Program (Interdisciplinary)Director: Forrest Colburn (Carman Hall, Room 284)Professors: Laird Bergad, Bruce Byland, Forrest Colburn, GeorgeCorbin, Marlene Gottlieb, María Guiñazú, Oscar Montero; AssociateProfessors: Carmen Esteves, James Jervis, Licia Fiol-Matta, MaríaLagos, José Luis Rénique, Milagros Ricourt; Lecturer: Xavier TottiParticipating Departments:Anthropology, Art, African and African American Studies, Economicsand Accounting, Geology and Geography, History, Political Science,Puerto Rican Studies, Languages and Literatures, Sociology and SocialWorkThe Latin American and Caribbean Studies program offers aninterdisciplinary B.A. degree designed to foster a broad-basedunderstanding of this major geographical and cultural area ofthe world. The program provides the undergraduate student witha comprehensive academic background in the economic, social,political, and cultural problems facing this region today. Its successfulcompletion prepares students to work effectively andknowledgeably in government, international organizations, privateindustry, journalism, and communications, or to pursuegraduate studies in the humanities, social sciences, or law.ADMISSION TO THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEANSTUDIES PROGRAMAdmission to the program is contingent upon successful completionof LAC 266 and 267 or BIL 266 and 267. A languagerequirement must be fulfilled by successful completion of SPA202 or 204 or the equivalent. Portuguese or French may be substitutedfor Spanish upon consultation with the program directoror adviser.30-CREDIT MAJOR IN LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEANSTUDIES, B.A.The courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (30)6 LAC 266-267, or BIL 276-277.3 SPA 320, SPA 329, 332, or 343 (in special circumstances,Portuguese or French may be substituted).9 One course from each of the following three study areas:Socioeconomic Structures, Literature and the Arts, and Historyand Politics (see course choices below).9 Electives to be taken from the three study areas or fromRelated Courses, listed below.3 Latin American and Caribbean Seminar.No student may use more than 9 credits in any department thatcrosslists courses with LAC to fulfill the major requirement.MINOR IN LATIN AMERICAN STUDIESStudents may minor in Latin American Studies by accumulating12 credits. LAC 266 and LAC 267 are required, and studentsmust take 6 additional credits of LAC courses at the 300 level orabove.TEACHER CERTIFICATIONStudents interested in obtaining New York State teacher certificationshould consult the Office of the Dean of Education (CarmanHall, Room B-33, 718-960-4972).Courses in Latin American andCaribbean StudiesLAC (ARH) 143: Introduction to the History of Latin AmericanArt. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of the principles of art appliedto visual forms, with emphasis on modern art of the nineteenthand twentieth centuries in Central America, South America, andthe Caribbean.LAC (GEH) 189: Regional Geography of Selected Areas.3 hours, 3 credits. The geography of continents of major areasoutside Anglo-American and Western Europe. Special emphasison the basic principles of economic and cultural geography ofregionalization as illustrated in the area under consideration.LAC (ANT) (WST) 210: Women in Latin America. 3 hours,3 credits. The course explores the relationship between the socioeconomicposition of women and their power in domestic andpublic spheres in different historical contexts, such as Inca societyas well as contemporary rural and urban settings, making useof historical, ethnographic, and autobiographical sources.LAC (PRS) 214: Literature of the Caribbean. 3 hours, 3 credits.A comparative survey of Caribbean literature, including commonthemes, structures, and approaches to literary texts. Examplesare chosen from works in Spanish, French, English, andPapiamento, read in translation if necessary.LAC (COM) 216: Latin American Cinema. 3 hours, 3 credits.An overview of film in Latin America from the silent period tothe present.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 147

LAC 225: History of the Dominican Republic. 3 hours, 3 credits.Dominican history from pre-history and pre-Colombian timesto the Trujillo era. The course will examine different socioeconomictrends in the formation of Dominican society, as well asthe prominent role played by foreign powers.LAC 226: Contemporary Dominican Politics and Society.3 hours, 3 credits. Dominican politics, economy, and societyfrom the Trujillo era to the present. The course will focus on theauthoritarian legacy of the Trujillo dictatorship, electoral politicsin the post-Trujillo period, and recurring trends of caudillismo,praetorianism, and personalism.LAC 231 (PRS 242): Latinos in the United States. 3 hours,3 credits. A comparative study of the social, political, and economicprocesses affecting Latino groups in the United States.Discussion will focus on the variable adaptations made byPuerto Ricans, Chicanos, Dominicans, Cubans, Colombians,and other Latinos in their migration and settlement withinAmerican society.LAC 232: Family and Gender Relations Among Latinos.3 hours, 3 credits. Comparative study of gender relations and thefamily among Latinos in the U.S.LAC (HIS) 266: Introduction to Latin America and the CaribbeanI. 3 hours, 3 credits. Survey of the peoples and civilizations ofPre-Columbian America and of the institutions, economy, history,and culture of Latin America and the Caribbean from the Europeanconquest to the early nineteenth century (1492-1808).LAC (HIS) 267: Introduction to Latin America and the CaribbeanII. 3 hours, 3 credits. Survey of the nations and cultures,history, economy, and politics of Latin America and the Caribbeanfrom the early nineteenth century to the present.LAC 312: Family and Gender Relations among Latinos.3 hours, 3 credits. Comparative study of gender relations and thefamily among Latinos in the U.S.LAC 315: Comparative History of the Hispanic Caribbean.3 hours, 3 credits. Comparative history of Cuba, the Dominican Republic,and Puerto Rico in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.LAC (PRS) (COM) 319: Latinos in Film. 3 hours, 3 credits. Latinoethnicities have been constructed in Hollywood films fromthe silent era to the present.LAC 324: The Historical Origins of Socialism in Cuba. 3 hours,3 credits. The social, economic, and political dynamics of Cubanhistory from the mid-eighteenth century, addressing the centralquestion of why Cuba embarked upon the construction of asocialist society after 1959. PREREQ: COR 104.LAC (SPA) 329: Literature of the Dominican Republic. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of the literary figures and literary works instrumentalin the development of a national literature in the DominicanRepublic during the twentieth century. PREREQ: SPA300 or Languages and Literatures Departmental placement test.LAC (SPA) 333: Spanish American Literature of the Conquest.3 hours, 3 credits. A study of texts from the period of the SpanishDiscovery and conquest of the New World through the period ofcolonization. Letters, diaries, chronicles, poems, histories, andtravel narratives will be read.LAC (BLS) 334: The Musical Experience of Caribbean Culturesand Societies. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of music and performancein Caribbean cultures with respect to national identity,ethnicity, gender, race, and social class.LAC (HIW) 337: Latin America and the United States from1823 to the present. 3 hours, 3 credits. Relations between theUnited States and Latin American countries since their creationas independent republics.LAC (SPA) (ENG) 339: Latino Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.English-language literature developed by Puerto Ricans, Chicanos,Cubans, Dominicans, and other Latino groups in the U.S.Emphasis on the similarities in the development of themes,structures, genres, and relationships with mainstream Americanliterature.LAC (ANT) 347: Race and Ethnicity in Latin America and theCaribbean. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparative study of racial andethnic relations in Latin America.LAC 420: Latin American and Caribbean Seminar. 3 hours, 3credits. This course is for Latin American and Caribbean StudiesProgram majors only and is a requirement for the B.A. degree.Variable themes of Latin American and Caribbean studies chosenby the instructor. This will be a research-oriented course, andstudents will pursue independent research projects.LAC (PRS) 490: Directed Independent Study. 3 hours, 3 credits.(May be taken more than once with Departmental approval if subjectmatter is different.) Description: see PRS (LAC) 490. PREREQ: Areading knowledge of Spanish; permission of the instructor.Curriculum in Puerto Rican StudiesThe Bachelor of Arts curriculum in Puerto Rican Studies offers avariety of courses dealing with the history and culture of PuertoRico, emphasizing its Latin American and Caribbean backgroundand including the Puerto Rican experience in the U.S.Some courses are conducted in Spanish, but most are in English.30-CREDIT MAJOR IN PUERTO RICAN STUDIES, B.A.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (30)12 In required courses: PRS 212 and 213; LAC 266 and 267.9 Three PRS courses with at least one course at the 300 levelor above.9 In elective courses in Puerto Rican Studies at the 200 levelor above or in related disciplines. (A list of courses in relateddisciplines is provided by the Department.)MINOR IN PUERTO RICAN STUDIESCompletion of the minor in Puerto Rican Studies requires 12credits in courses distributed as follows:• 6 credits in required PRS courses: PRS 212 and 213.• 6 credits in PRS courses at the 300 level or above.TEACHER CERTIFICATIONStudents interested in obtaining New York State teacher certificationshould consult the Office of the Dean of Education (CarmanHall, Room B-33, 718-960-4972).WOMEN'S STUDIES OPTIONSee the information on this program contained later in thisBulletin.148 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Courses in Puerto Rican StudiesPRS 212: History of Puerto Rico. 3 hours, 3 credits. Survey of thehistory of Puerto Rico.PRS 213: Puerto Rican Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of thehistorical evolution of the Puerto Rican culture as comparedwith other Caribbean cultures. Introduction to the concepts,methods, and theories of culture studies.PRS (LAC )214 : Literature of the Caribbean. 3 hours, 3 credits.A comparative survey of Caribbean literature, including commonthemes, structures, and approaches to literary texts. Examplesare chosen from works in Spanish, French, English, andPapiamento, read in translation if necessary.PRS 220: Puerto Rican Literature in Translation. 3 hours,3 credits. A survey of Puerto Rican literature in translation, withemphasis on the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.PREREQ: COR 100.PRS 236: Puerto Rican Music. 3 hours, 3 credits. A survey of folk,popular, and classical musical forms in Puerto Rican culture, andthe study of the main composers of the nineteenth and twentiethcenturies. PREREQ: PRS 213 and instructor's or Departmentalpermission, and knowledge of Spanish.PRS (LAC) 237: The Visual Arts in Puerto Rico. 3 hours,3 credits. A comprehensive study of the visual arts in Puerto Rico,with emphasis on painting, architecture, sculpture, and graphicarts from precolonial times to present. Discussion will focus onthe origins, influences, and projections of the Puerto Rican artmovement within a historical and aesthetic context. PREREQ:PRS 213 or instructor's or Departmental permission.PRS 242 (LAC 231): Latinos in the United States. 3 hours,3 credits. A comparative study of the social, political, and economicprocesses affecting Latino groups in the United States.Discussion will focus on the variable adaptations made byPuerto Ricans, Chicanos, Dominicans, Cubans, Colombians,and other Latinos in their migration and settlement withinAmerican society.PRS 300: Social and Economic History of Puerto Rico fromthe Industrial Revolution to the Present. 3 hours, 3 credits.Intensive survey of the socioeconomic formations of Puerto Ricofrom the Industrial Revolution to the present. PREREQ: PRS 212.PRS (LAC) 302: Puerto Rican Literature I: From the SixteenthCentury to 1898 (in Spanish). 3 hours, 3 credits. The developmentof literature in Puerto Rico, from the chronicles and historicaldocuments of the early colonial Spanish period to theSpanish-American War in 1898. Special attention to literaryworks that played a major role in defining a national identity.PREREQ: Instructor's or Departmental permission, advancedSpanish grammar, a good knowledge of oral Spanish, and readingand writing in Spanish.PRS (LAC) 303: Puerto Rican Literature II: From 1898 to thePresent (in Spanish). 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of the majorliterary figures instrumental in the development of a nationalliterature in Puerto Rico during the twentieth century. PREREQ:Either PRS 302 or Departmental permission.PRS 307: Puerto Rico in the Twentieth Century: 1898-Present.3 hours, 3 credits. Intensive study of socioeconomic and politicalchanges in twentieth-century Puerto Rico.PRS 308: The Economy of Puerto Rico. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theimpact of the United States on the economy of Puerto Rico, withemphasis on unemployment, prices, wage rates, industrialization,trade, commerce, and migration. Analysis of the consequencesof the economic status of the island for the Puerto Ricanpeople. PREREQ: PRS 212 and ECO 166.PRS 309: Colonialism and Anti-Colonialism in Puerto Rico.3 hours, 3 credits. The history of colonialism in Puerto Rico fromthe nineteenth century to the present. Emphasis on the independence,annexationist, and autonomist movements and theirrelation to analogous movements in the Caribbean. PREREQ:PRS 212.PRS 310: Political Parties in Puerto Rico, 1869 to the Present. 3hours, 3 credits. Major and minor political parties in Puerto Rico:varieties of state and local systems, leadership patterns, structuralcharacteristics, roles, functions, behavior of the electorate, andrelations to U.S. political parties. PREREQ: PRS 212.PRS 311 (SOC 250): Migration and the Puerto Rican Communityin the United States. 3 hours, 3 credits. History and developmentof the Puerto Rican community in the United States:migration, community establishment, institutions, regionalpatterns of settlement, and issues of class, race, ethnicity, andgender.PRS (LAC) (COM) 319: Latinos in Film. 3 hours, 3 credits. Latinoethnicities have been constructed in Hollywood films fromthe silent era to the present.PRS 350: Puerto Rican Studies Research Seminar. 3 hours,3 credits.PRS (LAC) 360: Variable Topics in Puerto Rican Studies.3 hours, 3 credits. Various topics in Puerto Rican studies.PREREQ: PRS 212 or 213.PRS 401: Puerto Rican Literature: Genre Studies (in Spanish).3 hours, 3 credits. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits providedthe genre under study is different. The analysis of one genre(short story, novel, poetry, essay, or drama) each semester chosenin advance by the Department or instructor. PREREQ: PRS302 and 303, 6 additional PRS credits, and reading and writingknowledge of Spanish.PRS 404: Urban Reality in Puerto Rican Prose: From WorldWar II to the Present (in Spanish). 3 hours, 3 credits. A study ofindustrialization, urbanization, and migration as presented incontemporary Puerto Rican fiction, essays, and the press.PREREQ: PRS 302 OR 303.PRS 410: Puerto Rican Folklore and Popular Culture. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of folklore and popular culture in Puerto Ricoand of Puerto Ricans in the United States from the perspective ofthe social sciences. Analysis of the processes and product in thecontinual making of identity. PREREQ: PRS 213 and goodknowledge of oral and written Spanish.PRS 430: Puerto Rican Historiography. 3 hours, 3 credits.A study of selected leading Puerto Rican historians and theirwritings as a basis for understanding the development of thehistorical thought and the nature of historical problems in thefield of Puerto Rican Studies. Attention will be given to conflictinginterpretations of significant events, and case studies will bemade of such writings in Puerto Rican history. PREREQ: Sixcredits in Puerto Rican history. RECOMMENDED: HIS 310.PRS (LAC) 490: Directed Independent Study. 3 hours, 3 credits.May be taken more than once, with Departmental approval, if subjectmatter is different. Directed independent study affords an opportunityfor the student who wishes to undertake a well-definedresearch project. While the student conducts work under theguidance of a faculty member chosen by the student, the projectis carried out in an independent manner, without regular classmeetings. PREREQ: A reading knowledge of Spanish.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 149

The Latin American and Caribbean Studies Curriculum at a GlanceSOCIOECONOMIC STRUCTURELAC (GEH) 189:LAC (ANT) 210:LAC 232:LAC (BLS) 235:LAC (ANT) 238:LAC 312:LAC (ANT) 317:LAC (ANT) 318:LAC (ANT) 347:LAC (BLS) 400:LAC (ECO) 323:Regional Geography of Latin AmericaWomen in Latin AmericaLatinos in the United StatesAfro-Caribbean SocietyLITERATURE AND THE ARTSLAC (ARH) 143:LAC (PRS) 214:LAC (SPE) 216:LAC (BLS) 241:LAC (POR) 247:LAC (SPA) 233:LAC (SPA) 250:LAC (SPA) 265:LAC (SPA) 329:LAC (SPA) 320:LAC (SPA) 332:LAC (SPA) 333:LAC (BLS) 334:LAC (SPA)(ENG) 339:LAC (ARH) 343:LAC 344(SPA 343):LAC (SPA) 352:LAC (SPA) 359:Ethnography of Latin AmericaFamily and Gender Relations among LatinosEarly Civilizations of South Americaand the CaribbeanEarly Civilizations of Mexico and CentralAmericaRace and Ethnicity in Latin Americaand the CaribbeanSeminar: Slavery in the New WorldEconomic Development in Latin AmericaIntroduction to Latin American ArtLiterature of the CaribbeanLatin American CinemaAfro-Caribbean LiteratureBrazilian Literature from the Colonial Periodto the Twentieth CenturyLatin American Literature in TranslationContemporary Problems in the HispanicWorldContemporary Literature of Spain andSpanish AmericaLiterature of the Dominican RepublicSpanish American Literature of the NineteenthCenturySpanish American Fiction of the TwentiethCenturySpanish American Literature of the ConquestMusical Experience of Caribbean CulturesLatino LiteraturePre-Columbian ArtTwentieth-Century Latin American PoetrySpecial Topics in Hispanic LiteratureLatin American CivilizationHISTORY AND POLITICSLAC 225:LAC 226:LAC 315:LAC 324:LAC (BLS) 335:LAC (HIW) 330:LAC (HIW) 331:LAC (HIW) 340:LAC (HIW) 352:LAC (POL) 332:LAC (POL) 336:RELATED COURSESLAC (BLS) 177:PRS 211:PRS 212:PRS 213:LAC (PRS) 236:PRS 237:LAC (PRS) 300:LAC (PRS) 302:LAC (PRS) 303:PRS 307:PRS 308:PRS 309:History of the Dominican RepublicContemporary Dominican Politics and SocietyComparative History of the HispanicCaribbeanThe Historical Origins of Socialism in CubaThe Afro-Caribbean in World PoliticsColonial Hispanic AmericaRepublics of South AmericaSlavery in Latin America and the CaribbeanThe Mexican RevolutionPolitical Systems in Latin AmericaPolitical Systems of Central Americaand the CaribbeanAfro-Caribbean HeritageHistory of Puerto Rico IHistory of Puerto Rico IIPuerto Rican CulturePuerto Rican MusicThe Visual Arts in Puerto RicoSocial and Economic History of Puerto RicoPuerto Rican Literature IPuerto Rican Literature IIPuerto Rico in the Twentieth CenturyThe Economy of Puerto RicoColonialism and Anti-Colonialism inPuerto RicoPRS 310: Political Parties in Puerto Rico, 1869to the PresentPRS 311:Migration and the Puerto Rican Communityin the U.S.150 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

The Lehman Scholars ProgramDirector of Studies: Gary Schwartz (Library, Room 316 North)The Lehman Scholars Program (L.S.P.) is designed for capableand highly motivated students who have the desire and abilityto pursue a somewhat more traditional liberal arts course ofstudy. The program offers the advantages of a small, intimatecollege, including special courses, seminars, and individualcounseling.Special Features: The Lehman Scholars Program offers severalspecial features:• Students are exempt from all Degree Requirements. They must,however, pass the CUNY Skills Assessment Tests to be admittedto the program and meet all course prerequisites and requirementsfor their major field.• The Lehman Scholars Program has its own requirements, whichstudents must fulfill:• a one-semester honors course in English composition andstylistics;• two years of a foreign language at the college level or itsequivalent;• four honors seminars, three at the 100 level and one at the300 level from any of four different academic areas: Fine andPerforming Arts, Humanities, Natural Science, and Social Science;and• a senior honors essay;There is one exception to these requirements: Students whoenter the program with more than 30 credits may be consideredfor exemption from one of the 100-level seminars after consultationwith the Program Director.• Mentors. Each student entering the program will be assignedto a faculty mentor in his or her field of interest. The mentor willadvise the student in the areas of program planning and academicand career goals.Application Procedure: Students who have earned 60 or fewercollege credits may apply for either September, June, or Januaryadmission. They will be notified about their acceptance in timefor the following semester's registration. The application form isavailable in the LSP Office, 316 Library.Courses in the Lehman ScholarsProgramLSP 150, 152, 153: Honors Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Membersof The Board of The Lehman Scholars Program announce thetopics each semester. PREREQ: Enrollment in the L.S.P. Program.LSP 151: English Composition and Stylistics. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of the grammar and syntax of selected important authorsand their application to composition.LSP 285: Independent Study. 1 credit per course. (May be repeatedwith a different course.) An L.S.P. student may arrangewith the instructor of any course to do extra work for an extracredit. The extra credit may be obtained by registering simultaneouslyfor the course and for LSP 285. Prior to each registrationfor this course, the course instructor must agree in writing thatthe extra credit may be attempted. There is no limit on the numberof times a student may earn an extra credit. PREREQ: Enrollmentin the LSP Program and instructor's written permission.COREQ: The course in which the student seeks one extra credit.LSP 350-353: Honors Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Members ofThe Board of The Lehman Scholars Program announce the topicseach semester.LSP 481: Honors Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6credits). Individual research and reading on a specific topic, underfaculty supervision.\LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 151

Linguistics (Interdisciplinary)Director: Professor John L. Locke (Speech & Theatre Building, Room 217)Advisory Board: Coordinator, Associate Professor Richard Blot (Journalism,Communication, and Theatre), Professor Martin Gitterman(Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences), Associate Professor NathalieBailey (English), Assistant Professors Bertrade Banoum-Ngo-Ngijol(African and African American Studies), Barbara Jacobson (Sociology &Social Work), Gisela Jia (Psychology), Sandra Levey (Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences), Zelda Newman (Languages and Literatures)Participating Departments: Anthropology, English, Languages andLiteratures, Mathematics and Computer Science, Philosophy, Sociologyand Social Work, and Speech-Language-Hearing SciencesThe interdisciplinary Program in Linguistics offers courses toprepare students for (1) graduate study in theoretical and appliedlinguistics and (2) careers in the teaching of linguistics,and applied linguistics, including the teaching of English as asecond language.Programs33-CREDIT MAJOR IN LINGUISTICS, B.A.Students in this major shall arrange their programs in consultationwith the Program Director.HONORS IN LINGUISTICSHonors in Linguistics may be conferred on that student who hassatisfied the College requirement for interdepartmental honorsat the time of graduation and has completed the honors tutorialLNG 481 with a grade of A.Courses in Linguistics*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.LNG 150: The Phenomena of Language. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thenature of language—its forms and uses. A survey of linguisticanalysis. Language as data in psychology, anthropology, sociology,and other social sciences.LNG 160 (SPV 246): Introduction to Linguistics. 3 hours,3 credits. Survey of linguistic science, with special attention todescriptive and applied linguistics.*LNG 334: Historical Linguistics. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:Either LNG 160 (SPV 246) or Program Director's permission.*LNG 335: Sociolinguistics: The Sociology of Language.3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: Either LNG 160 (SPV 246) and LNG245 (SPV 245) or Program Director's permission.*LNG 444: Readings in Linguistics. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:Instructor's permission. RECOMMENDED: LNG 160 (SPV 246).LNG 481: Honors Tutorial. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6credits). Individual study under faculty guidance leading tocompletion of an honors paper. PREREQ: Program Director'spermission.CourseList of Courses Relevant to theLinguistics MajorTitleCreditsLNG 150: The Phenomena of Language 3LNG 160 (SPV 246): Introduction to Linguistics 3LNG 185 (CMP 166):Introduction to ComputerProgramming 4LNG 228 (ANT 228): Language and Culture 3LNG 240 (COM 301): Language and Communication 3LNG (SPV) 245: Articulatory Phonetics 3LNG (SPV) 247:Anatomy and Physiology of theSpeech Mechanism 3LNG (SPV) 248: Acoustic Phonetics 3LNG 266 (PHI 230): Symbolic Logic 3LNG 267 (PHI 231):Language, Meaning, andKnowledge 3LNG 326 (ANT 326): Anthropological Linguistics 3LNG (SPV) 312: Bilingualism 3LNG 318 (ENG 304):LNG 319 (ENG 305):The Structure of Modern English3History of the EnglishLanguage 3LNG 321 (SPV 322): Introduction to Grammar 3LNG (SPV) 323: Introduction to Phonology 3LNG (SPV) 324: Semantics 3LNG (SPV) 325:LNG 328 (SPV 329):The Contrastive Analysis ofEnglish with Other Languages 3Social & Regional Dialects ofEnglish 3LNG 230 (SPV 221): Language Acquisition 3LNG 334: Historical Linguistics 3LNG 335: Sociolinguistics 3LNG 346 (PHI 351): Logic and Language 3LNG 418 (ENG 451): Studies in Linguistics 3*LNG 444: Readings in Linguistics 3*LNG 446 (PHI 450):Topics in Logic, the Philosophyof Language, or thePhilosophy of Mathematics 3*LNG 481: Honors Tutorial 3** Maximum of 6 credits allowed.152 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Mathematics and Computer ScienceChair: Robert Feinerman (Gillet Hall, Room 211).Adviser: Charles Berger (Gillet Hall, Room 101A; 718-960-8868)Department Faculty and Staff: Distinguished Professors: Adam Koranyi,Victor Pan; Professors: Charles Berger, Robert Feinerman,Melvin Fitting, Nancy Griffeth, Michael Handel, Nicholas Hanges,Leon Karp, Linda Keen, Joseph Lewittes, Richard Mosak, Melvyn B.Nathanson, Esther Phillips, Robert Schneider, Zoltan Szabo; AssociateProfessors: Yves Jean, Gwang Jung, Julian Laderman, Nikola Lakic,John C. Mineka, Christina Sormani, Katherine St. John; AssistantProfessors: Calin Diaconu, David Fisher, Yiannis Petridis, Rhys Rosholt;Lecturer: David J. Rothchild; Instructor: Brian Murphy; Directorof Mathematics Laboratory and Computer Services: Robert Sutliff;Systems and Network Administrator: Etina BuenoThe Department of Mathematics and Computer Science offersundergraduates four different degree programs, as well as a majorin the interdisciplinary area of Computer Graphics and Imagingand the opportunity to select a minor in any of these fields.Students can pursue programs leading to the Bachelor of Artsdegree in either Mathematics or Computer Science and to theBachelor of Science degree in either computer science or ComputerInformation Systems. These programs prepare studentsboth for graduate study and for careers in industry, education,government, and the non-profit sector.ProgramsTHE MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCEQUALIFYING EXAMAll students must pass a Departmental qualifying exam beforebeing enrolled as a major in any of the Departmental majors(Mathematics B.A., Computer Science B.A. and B.S., ComputerInformation Systems B.S.)DEPARTMENTAL HONORS IN MATHEMATICS ORCOMPUTER SCIENCEStudents who wish to qualify for Departmental honors in any ofthe Department's majors must meet the requirements outlinedunder “Academic Honors" in the chapter on “Academic Servicesand Policies” in this Bulletin.40-TO-44-CREDIT MAJOR IN MATHEMATICS, B.A.There are eleven required courses:Credits12 MAT 175, MAT 176, and MAT 2268 MAT 313 and MAT 3144 MAT 3204 CMP 23012-16 Four additional courses chosen from among 200 level orhigher MAT courses, not counting MAT 231, 300, 301, and 348.CMP 326 and CMP 332 may be chosen.A minor is also required.COLLEGE REQUIREMENT IN MATHEMATICSAll Lehman College students are required to pass either:a) a 3- or 4-credit MAT course numbered above 125orb) three MAT courses numbered between 180 and 199 (each 1credit).Note: Students should consult with an advisor from their (prospective)major or from the Department of Mathematics to determine the appropriatecourse(s) to take.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN MATHEMATICSA minor in Mathematics consists of 12 credits in MAT courses atthe 200 or higher level, with 6 of these credits in courses at a 300or higher level.Note: (1) Students majoring in Computer Science who elect a minorin Mathematics must include MAT 320 and cannot include anycourses used to satisfy the Computer Science major. (2) Students notmajoring in Computer Science must include MAT 226 and 313 and 4additional credits in courses at the 300 or higher level.43-TO-44-CREDIT MAJOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, B.AThere are eleven required courses:Credits/HoursCourse Description4 hours, 4 credits MAT 175 Calculus I4 hours, 4 credits MAT 176 Calculus II4 hours, 4 credits MAT 226 Calculus III4 hours, 4 credits MAT 313 Linear Algebra4 hours, 4 credits CMP 230 Programming Methods I4 hours, 4 credits CMP 232 Elementary Discrete Structures &Applications to Computer Science4 hours, 4 credits CMP 326 Programming Methods II4 hours, 4 credits CMP 334 Computer organization4 hours, 4 credits CMP 338 Data Structures4 hours, 4 credits CMP 339 Programming Languages orCMP 426 Operating SystemsOne advanced (300 or 400 level) CMP electiveNotes:1. A minor is also required.2. All students, particularly those considering graduate work,are advised to take more upper-level computer science courses.(The list above is only the minimum required for graduation.)3. For Departmental honors, see one of the advisors in theDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science.Note: All students who wish to apply for certification as a SecondarySchool Teacher of Mathematics must take (as three of the four electivesrequired for the Mathematics major): MAT 237, MAT 343, andeither MAT 345 or MAT 346.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 153

56-60-CREDIT MAJOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, B.S.There are fifteen required courses:Credits/Hours Courses Description4 hours, 4 credits MAT 175 Calculus I4 hours, 4 credits MAT 176 Calculus II4 hours, 4 credits MAT 226 Calculus III4 hours, 4 credits MAT 313 Linear Algebra4 hours, 4 credits CMP 230 Programming Methods I4 hours, 4 credits CMP 232 Elementary Discrete Structures& Applications to ComputerScience4 hours, 4 credits CMP 326 Programming Methods II4 hours, 4 credits CMP 334 Computer Organization4 hours, 4 credits CMP 338 Data Structures4 hours, 4 credits CMP 339 Programming Languages4 hours, 4 credits CMP 426 Operating SystemsThree advanced (300 or 400 level) CMP courses, (PHY 305 DigitalElectronics, 2 hours lecture, 2 hours lab, 3 credits, can besubstituted for one of these courses). One advanced (300 or 400level) MAT course, not including MAT 300, 301 or 348 (CMP332 can be used for this course). A minor is not required.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCEA minor in Computer Science consists of 12 credits in CMPcourses at the 200 or higher level, with 6 of these credits in 300-level courses or courses at a higher level.Note: (1) Students majoring in Mathematics who elect a minor inComputer Science must include CMP 332 or 338 and cannot includeany courses used to satisfy the Mathematics major. (2) Students notmajoring in Mathematics must include CMP 334 and 338.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN COMPUTERAPPLICATIONSThe minor consists of CIS 211: Computer Information Systems(4 hours, 4 credits) and three other courses chosen from the 200level (or higher) CIS courses.56-TO-58-CREDIT MAJOR IN COMPUTER INFORMATIONSYSTEMS, B.S.In Computer Science: Required Courses (17 credits):CIS 166: Computer Programming for Information Processing(4 hours, 4 credits)CIS 211: Computer Information Systems (4 hours, 4 credits)CIS 212: Microcomputer Architecture (4 hours, 3 credits)CIS 234: Introduction to Spreadsheet Analysis (4 hours, 3 credits)CIS 244: Introduction to Database Management(4 hours, 3 credits)In Computer Science: Elective Courses (9-11 credits):Three additional courses chosen from the 200-level (or higher)CIS courses or from CGI 221, CGI 321, CGI 421, and CMP 326.One of the courses must be a 300- (or 400-) level CIS course.In Mathematics: Required Courses (15 credits):MAT 132: Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics(4 hours, 4 credits)MAT 174: Elements of Calculus (4 hours, 4 credits)MAT 301: Applied Statistics and Computer Analysis(4 hours, 3 credits)MAT 348: Mathematical Methods for Management(4 hours, 4 credits)In Economics: Required Courses (9 credits):ECO 166: Fundamentals of Economics (3 hours, 3 credits)ECO 167: Economic Analysis (3 hours, 3 credits)ACC 185: Introduction to Accounting for Non-Accounting Majors(3 hours, 3 credits)Further Electives (6 credits):Students must choose 2 courses from:One additional 200-level (or higher) CIS course (3 credits)PHI 221: Ethical Issues in Computing and Technology(3 hours, 3 credits)POL 299: Law, Computers, and the Internet: The Politics ofInformation Technology (3 hours, 3 credits)Notes: (1.) No minor is required. (2.) Students considering graduatework should take MAT 175-176 instead of MAT 174. (3.) ForDepartmental honors, see one of the advisers in the Department ofMathematics and Computer Science.52-TO-54-CREDIT MAJOR IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS ANDIMAGING, B.S.In CGI/ART: (21 credits: may be taken as CGI or ART)CGI/ART 221: Applied Imaging and Applications to the WorldWide Web I. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.CGI/ART 222: Applied Imaging and Applications to the WorldWide Web II. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.CGI/ART 321: Computer Modeling and Design I. 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.CGI/ART 322: Computer Modeling and Design II. 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.CGI/ART 421: Computer Animation I. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits.CGI/ART 422: Computer Animation II. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2,lab), 3 credits.CGI/ART 480: Senior Project. 3 hours, 3 credits.In Computer Science (11 credits):CMP 230: Programming Methods I. 4 hours, 4 credits.CMP 326: Programming Methods II. 4 hours, 4 credits.CMP 342: Internet Programming. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits.In Mathematics (5 credits):MAT 155: Calculus Laboratory. 2 hours, 1 creditMAT 175: Calculus I. 4 hours, 4 creditsIn Art (13 credits):ART 100: Basic Drawing. 4 hours, 2 credits.ART 106: Introduction to Sculpture. 4 hours, 2 credits.ART 108: Introduction to Photography. 4 hours, 2 credits.ART 201: Life Drawing. 4 hours, 2 credits.ART 202: Design. 4 hours, 2 credits.ARH 167: Tradition and Innovation in the Art of the West. 3hours, 3 credits.OrARH 141: Introduction to the History of Modern Art of theNineteenth and Twentieth Centuries in Europe and the UnitedStates. 3 hours, 3 credits.Elective (2-4 credits):One additional course from CMP, MAT, ARH, ART, or CGI/ARTcourses with permission from an advisor (2-4 credits). No minoris required.154 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND IMAGING MINOR(12 CREDITS)The minor consists of any 12 credits chosen from the CGIcourses. CMP 342 can be substituted for one of these courses.Introductory Mathematics Courses(MAT)*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*MAT 050: Applications of Arithmetic and Algebraic Skills.2 hours, 2 credits. PREREQ: Satisfaction of College mathematicsrequirements.MAT 080: Elementary Algebra. 4 hours, 0 credits. Integers, polynomials,solution of linear equations and inequalities, absolutevalue, systems of linear equations, graphing, applications.Mathematics Laboratory attendance may be assigned at the discretionof the instructor. PREREQ: Placement by the Departmentof Mathematics and Computer Science.MAT 090: Algebra and Geometry. 4 hours, 1 credit. Factoring,solving quadratic equations, rational and radical expressions,direct and inverse variation, topics from geometry, introduction totrigonometry, applications to the natural and social sciences.Mathematics Laboratory attendance may be assigned at the discretionof the instructor. PREREQ: MAT 080 or placement by theDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science.MAT 104: College Algebra. 4 hours, 3 credits. Rational expressions,integer and rational exponents, quadratic formula, complexnumbers, exponential and logarithmic functions, conicsections, trigonometry. Mathematics aboratory attendance maybe assigned at the discretion of the instructor. PREREQ: A gradeof C (or better) in MAT 090 or placement by the Department ofMathematics and Computer Science.MAT 123: A Problem-Solving Approach to Mathematics.4 hours, 4 credits. A problem-solving approach to fundamentalideas in mathematics: properties of counting numbers, integers,rationals and reals; elementary number theory; probability andstatistics; geometry. PREREQ: MAT 104 or placement by theDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science.MAT 132: Introduction to Statistics. 4 hours, 4 credits. Collection,plotting, and comparison of data sets, histograms, descriptivestatistics, the frequency definition of probability, random experiments,random sampling, binomial and normal variables, confidenceintervals and tests of hypotheses for binomial and normalparameters. Additional topics chosen from tests for the differenceof proportions or population means, the Chi Square test, andregression analysis. Introduction to a computer statistical package.PREREQ: MAT 104 or placement by the Department of Mathematicsand Computer Science.MAT 135: Concepts and Uses of Mathematics. 3 hours, 3 credits.A survey course for liberal arts students. Topics chosen from awide range of concepts in mathematics such as: probability,statistics, game theory, number theory, set theory, linear programming,geometry and logic. PREREQ: MAT 104 or placementby the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.MAT 155: Calculus I Laboratory. 2 hours, 1 credit. Calculus computersoftware will be used to illustrate the ideas introduced inMAT 175. Students will be asked to solve problems using thesoftware and to submit lab reports. COREQ: MAT 175.MAT 156: Calculus II Laboratory. 2 hours, 1 credit. Calculus computersoftware will be used to illustrate the ideas introduced inMAT 176. Students will be asked to solve problems using the softwareand to submit lab reports. COREQ: MAT 176.MAT 161: Computer/Calculator Usage. 1 hour, 1 credit (May berepeated, with change in topic and departmental approval, up to amaximum of three credits.) An introduction to the use of computersor scientific calculators to solve problems arising in science, business,and mathematics. PREREQ: Departmental approval.MAT 171: Problem Solving for Management, Economics, andLife Sciences. 4 hours, 4 credits. The use of functions, graphs andmatrices to solve various applied problems. Geometry of linear,quadratic, logarithmic and exponential functions. PREREQ: Agrade of C (or better) in MAT 104 or placement by the Departmentof Mathematics and Computer Science. Notes: (1.) MAT171 is a prerequisite for MAT 174. Students planning on taking MAT175, should take MAT 172 instead of MAT 171. (2.) Students maynot receive credit for both MAT 171 and MAT 172.MAT 172: Precalculus. 4 hours, 4 credits. Polynomial, rational,logarithmic, and trigonometric functions with applications toproblems in mathematics and the sciences. PREREQ: A grade ofC (or better) in MAT 104 or placement by the Department ofMathematics and Computer Science. Notes: (1.) Students may notreceive credit for both MAT 171 and MAT 172. (2.) MAT 172 is a prerequisitefor MAT 175. Students planning on taking MAT 174, should takeMAT 171 instead of MAT 172.Enrichment Topics (Minicourses)MAT 180: Voting and Polling Problems. 1 hour, 1 credit. Differentkinds of voting schemes in elections. Different kinds of “fairness”in voting. Sampling techniques in polling. PREREQ: Three years ofRegents-level high school mathematics or MAT 104.MAT 181: Number Systems. 1 hour, 1 credit. Different types ofnumbers and different schemes for representing them. The base ina number system. Computer representation. PREREQ: Three yearsof Regents-level high school mathematics or MAT 104.MAT 184: Codes and Number Patterns. 1 hour, 1 credit. Primeand composite numbers. Different kinds of codes, code breaking.Security and error detection. PREREQ: Three years of Regents-levelhigh school mathematics or MAT 104.MAT 186: Geometry and the Real World. 1 hour, 1 credit. Geometricforms in the real world. Topics: symmetry, geometricsolids, crystals and fractals. PREREQ: Three years of Regents-levelhigh school mathematics or MAT 104.MAT 189: Sets and Infinity. 1 hour, 1 credit. Finite and infinitesets. Different orders of infinity. Paradoxes. PREREQ: Three yearsof Regents level high school mathematics or MAT 104.MAT 192: Statistical Inference. 1 hour, 1 credit. Understandingstatistics and judging the accuracy and relevance of statisticalresults. PREREQ: Three years of Regents-level high schoolmathematics or MAT 104.MAT 194: Games and Puzzles. 1 hour, 1 credit. The mathematicalprinciples behind many games and puzzles. PREREQ: Threeyears of Regents-level high school mathematics or MAT 104.MAT 195: Gambling and Games of Chance. 1 hour, 1 credit. Astudy of gambling situations. Casino games. Probability andexpected value. PREREQ: Three years of Regents-level highschool mathematics or MAT 104.MAT 197: Trees, Networks, Paths, and Flows. 1 hour, 1 credit.Cycles, connectedness, the Koenigsberg bridge problem, minimumpaths, and minimum spanning trees. PREREQ: Three yearsof Regents-level high school mathematics or MAT 104.MAT 199: Topics in Elementary Mathematics. 1 hour, 1 credit.Various mathematical topics of current interest. PREREQ: Threeyears of Regents-level high school mathematics or MAT 104.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 155

Courses in Mathematics (MAT)*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.MAT 174: Elements of Calculus. 4 hours, 4 credits. (Not open tostudents majoring in MAT.) Differentiation and integration ofelementary functions with applications to business, to socialsciences, and to life sciences. PREREQ: A grade of C (or better) inMAT 171 or placement by the Department of Mathematics andComputer Science. Notes: (1.) Students may not receive credit forboth MAT 174 and MAT 175. (2.) MAT 174 will not serve as a prerequisitefor MAT 176.MAT 175: Calculus I. 4 hours, 4 credits. Differentiation of functionsof one variable; applications to motion problems, maximum-minimumproblems, curve sketching, and mean-valuetheorems. PREREQ: A grade of C (or better) in MAT 172 orplacement by the Department of Mathematics and ComputerScience. COREQ: MAT 155. Notes: (1.) Students may not receivecredit for both MAT 174 and MAT 175. (2.) MAT 174 will not serveas a prerequisite for MAT 176.MAT 176: Calculus II. 4 hours, 4 credits. Inverse functions; logarithmicand exponential functions; integration of functions; andapplications of the definite integral, including area, volume, andarc length. PREREQ: A grade of C or better in MAT 175. COREQ:MAT 156.MAT 226: Intermediate Calculus I. 4 hours, 4 credits. Vectors intwo and three dimensions, equations of lines and planes, functionsof several variables, partial differentiation, directional derivatives,and multiple integration; line integrals; and infiniteseries and power series in one variable. PREREQ: A grade of C orbetter in MAT 176.MAT 227: Intermediate Calculus II. 4 hours, 4 credits. A continuationof MAT 226. Taylor expansion in several variables, maximumand minimum problems, line integrals, Green's theorem, andintroduction to differential equations. PREREQ: MAT 226.*MAT 231: Statistics for Biologists. 4 hours, 4 credits. (Limitedto BIO concentrators.) Basic probability theory, randomization,conditional probability and independence, binomial Poison andnormal distributions, testing statistical hypotheses, confidenceand fiducial intervals, analysis of variance, Chi-square test of fit,correlation and linear regression, and selected topics in bioassay.PREREQ: MAT 175 and BIO 166.MAT 237: Applications of Discrete Mathematics. 4 hours,4 credits. Concepts and applications of graph theory, recurrencerelations, linear programming, game theory, difference equations,matrices, combinatorics, statistical inference, probability.Problem solving using mathematical modeling. PREREQ: MAT176. Note: Primarily for students planning to teach mathematics in asecondary school.MAT 300: Mathematical Models in the Social Sciences. 3 hours, 3credits. This course is designed for students interested in the socialsciences. Topics covered will be selected from elementary probability,theory of gambling, random walks, game theory, and linearprogramming. Emphasis is placed on a descriptive treatment ofmathematical material and its application to the social sciences.PREREQ: Either three years of high school math or MAT 172. Note:MAT 300 may not be counted toward the MAT major.MAT 301: Applied Statistics and Computer Analysis . 4 hours(2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits. An elementary treatment of statisticalconcepts. Data analysis using standard statistical methods availablein the Statistical Package for Social Scientists or similarstatistical software. PREREQ: MAT 132 and MAT 171.Notes: (1.) MAT 301 may not be counted toward the Mathematicsmajor. (2.) An equivalent college-level statistics course may be substitutedfor MAT 132 as a prerequisite for this course.MAT 305: Introduction to Topology. 3 hours 3 credits. Intuitivediscussion of topological concepts and problems, such as networks,map-coloring problems, one-sided surfaces topologicaltransformations, Jordan curve theorem winding numbers andzeros of polynomials, fixed point theorems, and dimension.PREREQ: MAT 226.MAT 313: Elements of Linear Algebra. 4 hours, 4 credits. Vectorspaces, systems of linear equations, determinants, linear transformations,and matrices. PREREQ: MAT 176. With Departmentalpermission, MAT 176 may be taken as a COREQ.MAT 314: Algebra and Number Systems I. 4 hours, 4 credits. Thesyllabus of this course is continued in MAT 315. Algebraic structures,such as groups, rings, and fields; their relations and applicationsto school and college mathematics, including thenumber systems of arithmetic and analysis. PREREQ: MAT 313.MAT 315: Algebra and Number Systems II. 3 hours, 3 credits.Continuation of MAT 314. Further study of algebraic structures;polynomials; topics chosen from theory of equations; Galois theory;and rules and compass constructions. PREREQ: MAT 314.MAT 316: Theory of Numbers. 4 hours, 4 credits. Study of problemsconcerning numbers and the properties of numbers, suchas divisibility, continued fractions, and congruences. Fermat'sand Euler's theorems, quadratic residues and reciprocity law,elementary diophantine analysis, and introduction to algebraicnumbers. Computer applications involving testing for primalityand topics from coding theory. PREREQ: MAT 226 or Departmentalpermission.MAT 320: Analysis I. 4 hours, 4 credits. The syllabus of thiscourse is continued in MAT 321. Introduction to real analysis,the real number system, limits, continuity, differentiation, themean value and Taylor's theorems and applications. Riemannintegration and improper integrals. PREREQ: Either MAT 226 orDepartmental permission.*MAT 321: Analysis II. 4 hours, 4 credits. Continuation of MAT320. Infinite series and power series, pointwise and uniform convergence,ndimensional Euclidean space, metric spaces, functionsfrom Rn to Rm, continuity, and the differential as a linear map:inverse and implicit function theorems. PREREQ: MAT 320.MAT 323: Differential Equations. 4 hours, 4 credits. Exact andapproximate solutions of ordinary differential equations, existencetheorems, and applications to problems in the physicalsciences. Series solutions; Laplace transforms and Fourier analysis.Computer applications. PREREQ: MAT 226.MAT 327: Statistical Inference. 4 hours, 4 credits. Introduction tothe ideas and methods of probability and statistical inference forstudents in mathematics and the sciences. Topics include confidenceintervals, tests of significance, chi-square tests of goodness-of-fitand independence, regression analysis, and analysis ofvariance. Students will be introduced to a standard computerstatistical package. PREREQ: MAT 176.MAT 330: Probability. 4 hours, 4 credits. Basic probability theory.Combinatorial problems, distributions, expectation, law oflarge numbers and central limit theorem, Bernoulli processesand Markov chains. Other topics from probability and statistics.PREREQ: MAT 176.*MAT 335: Applied Mathematics I. 3 hours, 3 credits. The syllabusof this course is continued in MAT 336. Calculus of variations,Lagrange's and Hamilton's formulations for mechanics,wave and heat equations, boundary-value problems, and solutionsby separation of variables and special functions. Fourierseries and integrals. PREREQ: MAT 226.*MAT 336: Applied Mathematics II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Continuationof MAT 335. Existence and uniqueness theorems for initial valueproblems in ordinary differential equations. Green's function, andeigenvalue problems; control theory. PREREQ: MAT 335.156 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

MAT 340: Foundations of Mathematics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thenature of mathematical proof, basic logic, and set theory. A rigorousconstruction of the natural numbers within set theory, of therational numbers, and of the real numbers via Dedekind cuts ortheir equivalent. PREREQ: MAT 226 or MAT 314.MAT 341: Mathematical Logic I. 3 hours, 3 credits. The syllabus ofthis course is continued in MAT 342. Propositional logic and firstorderlogic; model theory and proof theory; Godel's completenesstheorem and its consequences. PREREQ: MAT 314.*MAT 342: Mathematical Logic II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Continuationof MAT 341. General formal systems, recursive functions,and incompleteness and undecidability results for arithmeticand set theory. PREREQ: MAT 341.MAT 343: History of Mathematics. 4 hours, 4 credits. Study ofthe historical development of mathematics from ancient tomodern times, including the contributions of underrepresentedgroups and diverse cultures. PREREQ: MAT 313.MAT 345: Axiomatic Geometry. 4 hours, 4 credits. Geometric theoryfrom an axiomatic viewpoint motivated by Euclidean geometriesand additional non-Euclidean examples. Emphasis on the relationshipbetween proof and intuition. PREREQ: MAT 314.MAT 346: Geometry. 4 hours, 4 credits. Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries approached from the points of view ofaxiomatics and transformation groups. PREREQ: MAT 314.MAT 347: Game Theory and Linear Programming. 3 hours,3 credits. An introduction to the mathematical theory of gamesof strategy. Matrix games. Optimal strategies for zero-sum twopersongames. Convex sets in Euclidean n-space, systems oflinear inequalities, linear programming, and the simplexmethod. N-person games and non-zero-sum games. PREREQ:One course in linear algebra.MAT 348: Mathematical Methods for Management. 4 hours,4 credits. Conditions for optimization, classical inventoryproblems. Linear programming and its applications, includingthe transportation problem. Use of software packages for linearprogramming calculations. Probability, expectation, and risk.Portfolio selection. Stochastic processes and queues. Computersimulation of stochastic processes. PREREQ: MAT 174 (or175), 301, and CIS 211. Note: Primarily for students in the Computingand Management major; not to be counted toward theMathematics major.MAT 349: Operations Research. 4 hours, 4 credits. Inventorytheory, queuing theory, linear programming, integer linear programming,nonlinear programming, the transportation problem,network analysis, and applications to industrial models. Softwarepackages for linear programming. PREREQ: MAT 313 andCMP 230.MAT (CMP) 417: Cryptography. 4 hours, 4 credits. Methods fortransforming information into cryptic messages and for decipheringsecret code. Review of selected topics in elementary number theory.Construction of linear, quadratic, and exponential ciphers, as well askey exchange protocols. PREREQ: MAT 313.MAT 423: Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable. 4 hours,4 credits. Algebra and geometry of complex numbers, analyticfunctions, elementary functions and conformal mapping.Cauchy integral theorem and applications. Taylor and Laurentseries, calculus of residues, and classification of functions bysingularities. Computer applications, including conformal mapping.PREREQ: MAT 320.MAT 424: Partial Differential Equations and Applications.4 hours, 4 credits. Study of the wave equation, heat equation, andLaplace's equation, with an emphasis on problems in one andtwo dimensions. Topics to include: harmonic functions and theDirichlet problem, mixed boundary conditions and Fourierseries, Fourier transform and convolution. Computer-basedprojects. PREREQ: MAT 226.*MAT 432: Differential Geometry. 3 hours, 3 credits. Curves andsurfaces in E3. Curvature, torsion, fundamental existence theoremfor space curves, geometry on a surface, and twodimensionalRiemannian geometry. PREREQ: MAT 313 andMAT 320.*MAT 433: Topology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Sets functions, metricspaces, topological spaces, neighborhoods, continuity, connectedness,homotopy, fundamental groups, and compactness.PREREQ: MAT 314 and MAT 320.MAT 434: Calculus on Manifolds. 4 hours, 4 credits. Inverse andImplicit Function Theorems, Manifolds, Differential Forms,Fubini's Theorem, Partition of Unity, Integration on Chains,Stokes and Green's Theorems, and an introduction to Riemanniangeometry. PREREQ: One course each in linear algebra andadvanced calculus.MAT 441: Set Theory. 4 hours, 4 credits. Axiomatic approach tothe theory of sets. Relations, functions, the axiom of choice,ordinal numbers, well-ordering, Zorn's lemma, cardinal numbersand transfinite arithmetic, and transfinite induction. PRE-REQ: Any two courses chosen from linear algebra, modern algebra,or advanced calculus.*MAT 450: Seminar in Algebra. 3 hours, 3 credits. Selected topicsfrom algebra and number theory. Students will be expectedto make oral presentations and work with periodical literature.PREREQ: MAT 314.*MAT 451: Seminar in Geometry. 3 hours, 3 credits. Selectedadvanced topics from Euclidean geometry. Students will be expectedto make oral presentations and work with periodicalliterature. PREREQ: Either MAT 345 or MAT 346.MAT 456: Topics in Mathematics. 4 hours, 4 credits (maximum 8credits). Various sections on topics in mathematics. (For specifictopics and sections, consult the Department.)MAT 485: Independent Study. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6credits). Independent reading under faculty supervision. PRE-REQ: Departmental permission.Courses in Computer Science (CMP)CMP 108: Programming for Non-Computer Science Majors.4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Implementation of basicprogramming constructs using robots, designing of simple videogames, and creation of elementary web pages.CMP 230: Programming Methods I. 4 hours, 4 credits. Introductionto structured computer programming using a modern highlevelprogramming language. Programming constructs coveredto include console I/O, data types, variables, control structures,including iteration, arrays, function definitions and calls, parameterpassing, functional decomposition, and an introductionto objects. Debugging techniques. PREREQ: MAT 104 or placementby the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science.Note: For students who intend to major in Computer Science,Mathematics, Computer Graphics and Imaging or the sciences.Some previous computer programming experience is highlyrecommended.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 157

CMP 232: Elementary Discrete Structures and Applications toComputer Science. 4 hours, 4 credits. Sets, relations, and functions;propositional calculus, Boolean algebras, and combinatorialcircuits, counting methods; proof techniques; analysis ofalgorithms; graphs and trees, puzzles; finite machines, sequentialcircuits and recognizers. PREREQ: MAT 172 or placement bythe Department of Mathematics and Computer Science or Departmentalpermission. Note: Students who receive a grade belowB- in MAT 172 are strongly urged to speak to an advisor inthe Department of Mathematics and Computer Science prior toregistering for CMP 232.CMP 270: Computer Programming in Visual Basic. 2 hours,2 credits. Intensive introduction to Visual Basic, for students whohave successfully completed a two-semester sequence in anotherprogramming language. PREREQ: Two semesters of programmingin another language, or Departmental permission. Note:Taught as a regular programming course or as a self-study course withreading and programming assignments and weekly conferences withthe instructor.CMP 273: Computer Programming in Fortran. 2 hours, 2 credits.Intensive introduction to Fortran for students who have successfullycompleted a two-semester sequence in another programminglanguage. PREREQ: Two semesters of programming in anotherlanguage or Departmental permission. Note: Taught as a regularprogramming course or as a self-study course with reading and programmingassignments and weekly conferences with the instructor.CMP 274: Computer Programming in C++. 2 hours, 2 credits.Intensive introduction to C++, for students who have successfullycompleted a two-semester sequence in another programminglanguage. PREREQ: Two semesters of programming in anotherlanguage, or Departmental permission. Note: Taught as a regularprogramming course or as a self-study course with reading and programmingassignments and weekly conferences with the instructor.CMP 277: Computer Programming in Java. 2 hours, 2 credits.Intensive introduction to Java, for students who have successfullycompleted a two-semester sequence in another programminglanguage. PREREQ: Two semesters of programming in anotherlanguage, or departmental permission. Note: Taught as a regularprogramming course or as a self-study course with reading and programmingassignments and weekly conferences with the instructor.CMP 279: Topics in Computer Programming. 2 hours, 2 credits.(May be repeated, with change of language and Departmental permission.)Intensive introduction to a programming language, forstudents who have successfully completed a two-semester sequencein another programming language. PREREQ: Two semestersof programming in another language, and Departmentalpermission. Note: Taught as a regular programming course or as aself-study course with reading and programming assignments andweekly conferences with the instructor.CMP 326: Programming Methods II. 4 hours, 4 credits. Continuationof parameter passing with a focus on devising functiondefinitions and tracing recursive calls. Sorting and searchingalgorithms and a comparison of their performance. GUI programming.Threads, Exceptions, and Exception Handling. Object-OrientedProgramming techniques. PREREQ: A grade of B-or better in CMP 230 or Departmental permission.CMP 332: Numerical Methods. 4 hours, 4 credits. Computermethods of approximate calculation. Topics chosen from polynomialapproximation and interpolation, orthogonal polynomials,finite difference methods, splines and least squareapproximations; numerical differentiation and integration; numericalsolutions of equations by iterative methods and matrixinversion; eigenvalue computations; sparse matrix methods.PREREQ: CMP 326 and MAT 226 and MAT 313.CMP 334: Computer Organization. 4 hours, 4 credits. Introductionto digital logic-expressions, gates, flip-flops, adders. busses,multiplexers Introduction to assembly language and assemblylevel organization-data representation, instruction formats, addressingmodes, interrupts. Memory systems-caches (mappingand management policies) and memory hierarchies, latency andbandwidth, virtual memory (pagetables, TLB). Input/Outputbusses,channels and DMA. Performance considerations—pipelining, RISC architecture, branch prediction, introduction toinstruction level parallelism. PREREQ: CMP 230 and CMP 232or Departmental permissionCMP 335: Computer Organization Laboratory. 2 hours, 1 credit. Apractical course applying principles taught in CMP 334. Constructionand operation of the separate hardware components; systemsoftware installation. PRE or COREQ: CMP 334. Note: Not allowed asone of the electives in the Computer Science B.S. or B.A. degrees; however,if both CMP 335 and CMP 406 are taken, the combination can be usedas one of the electives for the Computer Science B.S. degree.CMP 338: Data Structures and Algorithms I. 4 hours, 4 credits.Abstract characterizations of data structures, such as arrays,stacks, queues, trees, and graphs, will be studied along withalgorithms that make use of such structures, including algorithmsfor sorting, searching, and memory management. Implementationissues will be considered, and students will writeprograms that embody these structures and algorithms.PREREQ: CMP 232 and CMP 326.CMP 339: Programming Languages. 4 hours, 4 credits. Design,evaluation, and implementation of programming languages.Syntax and semantics of language constraints. Control structures,including branching, selection, iteration, procedure callsand recursion; data types and data structures, and operationson them; name structures, binding, environments, dynamicand static scoping; parameter passing. PREREQ: CMP 334 andCMP 338.CMP 342: Internet Programming. 4 hours, 4 credits. Programmingusing languages for the Internet, such as Java or VisualBasic. Web server management, including administrative softwaretools. PREREQ: CMP 326.CMP 346: Object-Oriented Techniques. 4 hours, 4 credits. Studyof design patterns and a virtual machine. Class file structure, thevirtual machine computer architecture and instruction set, Just-In-Time compilation, different forms of garbage collectors and theirmerits, and performance enhancements. PREREQ: CMP 326CMP 405: Introduction to Networks. 4 hours, 4 credits. Introductionto the organizational principles of data communicationand their implementation in particular networks. Examinationof the way operating networks approach and solve communicationproblems. Examination of user utilities from a computerscientist's point of view. PREREQ: CMP 334 and CMP 338.158 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

CMP 406: Network Systems Lab. 4 hours, 2 credits. Introductionto installation and configuration of networking equipment,network monitoring and trouble-shooting, and network management.Use of typical networking equipment. Some programmingin Java or C will be required. PREREQ: CMP 338. COREQor PREREQ: CMP 405. Note: Not allowed as one of the electives inthe Computer Science B.S. or B.A. degrees; however, if both CMP 335and CMP 406 are taken, the combination can be used as one of theelectives for the Computer Science B.S. degree.CMP 407: Compiler Construction. 4 hours, 4 credits. Compilationof simple expressions and statements. Organization of a compiler,including compile-time and run-time symbol tables, lexical scan,object code generation, error diagnostics, object-code optimizationtechniques, such as register allocation via graph coloring, andmethod in-lining. Use of compiler writing languages and bootstrapping.Note: Students will work on a compiler for a smalllanguage. PREREQ: CMP 339CMP 408: Software Engineering. 4 hours, 4 credits. Classical andobject-oriented software engineering. System life cycle, structuredcoding techniques, modularity, data encapsulation, andgeneric facilities. Verification, validation, and testing techniques:static analysis, input-output assertions, structured induction, andsymbolic execution. PREREQ: CMP 338.CMP 410: Data Structures and Algorithms II. 4 hours, 4 credits.Design and analysis of algorithms: Worst and average case behavior.Design strategies, such as divide and conquer, the greedyprinciple, dynamic programming, and backtracking, are illustratedby examples chosen from sorting and searching, applicationsof graph theory, scheduling, pattern matching, matrixmultiplication, and other topics. NP-complete problems. Parallelprocessing and algorithms. PREREQ: CMP 338. PRE- orCOREQ: MAT 313.CMP 412: Computer Graphics. 4 hours, 4 credits. Techniques ofproducing graphical displays. Two-dimensional transformations.World vs. Screen coordinates. Line drawing algorithms. Clipping.Motion. Use of devices such as light pens, graphics tablets, andmouses. PREREQ: CMP 326. PRE- or COREQ: MAT 313.CMP 414: Artificial Intelligence. 4 hours, 4 credits. Survey ofartificial intelligence with an introduction to L.I.S.P. programming.Graph-searching algorithms applied to problem solving.Selected topics from pattern recognition, natural languageprocessing, and expert systems. PREREQ: CMP 338.CMP 416: Computability Theory. 4 hours, 4 credits. Mathematicalformulation of computability theory and abstract machinetheory. Finite-state machines and Turing machines; Church-Turing Thesis; recursive functions and recursively enumerablesets; unsolvability and the Halting Problem. PREREQ: CMP 232and CMP 326.CMP (MAT) 417: Cryptography. 4 hours, 4 credits. Methods fortransforming information into cryptic messages and for decipheringsecret code. Review of selected topics in elementary number theory.Construction of linear, quadratic, and exponential ciphers, as well askey exchange protocols. PREREQ: MAT 313.CMP 418: Systems Analysis and Design. 4 hours, 4 credits. Developmentof many systems will be studied using a structured approachto system design. Feasibility study, project cost esti-mation,top down design, Hierarchy/Input/Process/Output (H.I.P.O.), dataflow diagrams, data dictionaries, backup, security, maintenanceand testing system. PREREQ: CMP 326.CMP 420: Database Systems. 4 hours, 4 credits. Introduction totheory of database systems and database management: theory ofrelational, hierarchical, and network database organization, withemphasis on the first; views of data, data organization, datadependency and redundancy, normal forms, and query language.A database language will be taught and a project assignedin that language. PREREQ: CMP 338.CMP 425: System Programming Languages. 4 hours, 4 credits.Assembly language for one machine language. Projects to illustrateprogramming techniques in assembly language, includingloops, procedure, and subroutine call and return, parameterpassing, call stacks, data structures. Introduction to the C language,including the C preprocessor, macros, and syntax. Datatypes, structures, pointers, and pointers to functions. PREREQ:CMP 326 and CMP 334.CMP 426: Operating Systems. 4 hours, 4 credits. Operating systemsand their role in various types of computer systems; the principles ofmultiprogramming; algorithms for resource allocation; multiplecomputersystems. PREREQ: CMP 338 and CMP 334.CMP 428: Video Game Programming. 4 hours, 4 credits. Generalgame architecture, asynchronous input, animated sprites, actionoriented A.I., collision detection, scrolling, sound clips, and 3Dgraphics. Student projects involving development of severalvideo games, both individually and in teams. PREREQ: CMP338 and a strong foundation in object-oriented programmingtechniques COREQ: MAT 226. Note: Students should expect todevote a great deal of time working both individually and in teams toproduce several video games written in Java. This is a ProgrammingIntensive course.CMP 436: Introduction to Enterprise Computing. 4 hours, 4credits. Technical issues and principles for building distributedenterprise systems. Applications of these principles using theJava J2EE framework: Java/J2EE APIs, XML processing, servletsand JSPs, database connectivity, component models, such asEnterprise Java Beans, and web services. PREREQ: CMP 338 andproficiency in Java.CMP 438: Communicating Robots. 4 hours, 4 credits. Techniquesand principles for building communicating robots. Programmingon resource-limited systems, designingcommunications protocols, and testing distributed algorithms.Project to involve building a robot to work/compete with otherrobots. PREREQ: CMP 338.CMP 464: Topics in Computer Science. 4 hours, 4 credits (maximum8 credits). Various sections on topics in computer science.(For specific topics and sections, consult the Department.)CMP 485: Independent Study. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6credits). Independent study on a specific topic under facultysupervision. PREREQ: Departmental permission.CMP 487: Internship in Computer Science. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). On-the-job training in a public or privateinstitution. PREREQ: Prior approval of Department Chair. Note:Not allowed for credit toward the B.A. in Computer Science.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 159

Courses in Computer Applications(CIS)CIS 106: Computer Literacy. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.Use of software packages for word processing, database manipulation,and spreadsheet calculation. Introduction to the Internetand the World Wide Web.CIS 166: Computer Programming for Information Processing I.4 hours, 4 credits. Computers, algorithms, and programs. Datarepresentation; processing of quantitative and character data.Control structures, multidimensional arrays. Introduction toformatted input/output procedures. Programming applicationsdrawn from business information processing. PREREQ: MAT104 or placement by the Department of Mathematics and ComputerScience. Note: Intended for students in Accounting or ComputerInformation Systems. Not intended for students in Mathematicsor Computer Science.CIS 211: Computer Information Systems. 4 hours, 4 credits.Survey of the technology and applications of computer-basedinformation systems in business. PREREQ: three years of Regents-levelmathematics or MAT 104.CIS 212: Microcomputer Architecture. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2,lab), 3 credits. Architecture of microcomputer systems and itssupporting system software. Various microprocessor systems,expansion bus design, memory design and management, secondarystorage technologies and management, peripherals, andtelecommunication technologies. PREREQ: CIS 211.CIS 228: The Internet. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Websitecreation; coding H.T.M.L. documents; tags of the H.T.M.L.language; style sheets. Writing and embedding simple Java scriptcode. PREREQ: CIS 211 and CIS 166.CIS 234: Introduction to Spreadsheet Analysis. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. Use of spreadsheet software for elementarydata analysis, simple modeling and forecasting. Worksheets,files, graphs, and formatted output and screen presentation.Macro programming. PREREQ: MAT 171 and a grade of B- (orbetter) in CIS 166.CIS 241: Computer Graphics in Business. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab),3 credits. Applications of graphics in business as a reporting andanalysis tool: presentation packages, project management packages,desktop publishing, CAD/CAM. Overview of the methods(software and hardware) used for generating graphics, includingalgorithmic image manipulation, interactive processing, inputtools and display tools. PREREQ: MAT 171.CIS 242: Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design. 4hours, 4 credits. Study of a computer system life cycle via a structuredapproach: problem definition, feasibility study, cost estimation,analysis, design, implementation, testing andmaintenance. Hardware and software organization. Several casestudies will be considered. PREREQ: CIS 211.CIS 243: Introduction to Operating Systems. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. Overview of operating systems (O.S.) from thepoint of view of the O.S. user and the system manager: processmanagement and multitasking, memory management, resourcemanagement, file management, I/O management, commandinterpreter/shell, shell scripts. Some time will also be spent onnetwork O.S. PREREQ: CIS 211, CIS 212, and CIS 166.CIS 244: Introduction to Database Management. 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Fundamental concepts of databaseorganization: fields, records, tables, indexes, queries, forms,reports. Use of a relational database system for loading, modifying,and querying a database. Programming in a database language.PREREQ: A grade of B- (or better) in CIS 166.CIS 247: Practical UNIX: Programming and System Administration.4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Topics chosen from thefollowing: text editors, file system, utility programs, pipe and filterparadigms, shell language programming; tools for maintenance ofnormal system operation, security, hardware and software configurationmanagement and network connections. PREREQ: CIS 211and CIS 166.CIS 252: Topics in Computer Applications. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. (May be repeated for credit as the topic changesup to a maximum of 6 credits.) Various sections on topics inComputer Applications (for specific topics, see the Department.)PREREQ: See the Department.CIS 266: Computer Programming for Information Processing II.4 hours, 4 credits. Techniques of business information processingusing object-oriented programming. Random access files, datamanagement and control, variable arrays, object variables. Introductionto advanced techniques. PREREQ: A grade of C orbetter in CIS 166.CIS 324: Spreadsheet Design and Programming. 4 hours(2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits. Advanced features of spreadsheets,including graphics, database manipulation, built-in functions,and macros, applied to a variety of business-oriented problems.PREREQ: CIS 234.CIS 329: Local Area Networks (LANs). 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab),3 credits. An overview of LANs as well as a hands-on introductionto a popular network operating system. General topics willinclude LAN media, topologies, protocols, multiplatform connectivity,remote access, and rudimentary internetworking.PREREQ: CIS 211 and CIS 212.CIS 344: Database Design and Programming. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. Programming in a database language. Emphasison programming ideas and techniques and user interfaces in amodern database system. Review of elementary relational databaseconcepts, with emphasis on programming rather than theory.PREREQ: CIS 244 and CIS 166.CIS 349: Data Communications and Distributed Networks.4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits. Data communications: standardmodels, system operations, major components, digitaltransmission (including some current schemes, such asS.O.N.E.T., I.S.D.N. and A.T.M.). Hands-on introduction to localarea network architectures, link-layer protocols, and their designand analysis. PREREQ: CIS 211 and CIS 212.CIS 356: Intermediate-Level Topics in Computer Applications.4 hours, 4 credits. (May be repeated for credit as the topic changes upto a maximum of 8 credits.) Various sections on topics in ComputerApplications at the intermediate level (for specific topics,see the Department). PREREQ: See the Department.CIS 488: Internship in Computer Information Systems. 12hours per week, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). On-the-job trainingin a public or private institution.160 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Courses in Computer Graphics andImaging (CGI)CGI (ART) 221: Applied Imaging and Applications to theWorld Wide Web I. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Conceptsand techniques underlying the World Wide Web. Image processingand two-dimensional graphics as methods to produce materialfor the World Wide Web. Emphasis on the artistic,mathematical, and computer science underpinnings of thesetopics. PREREQ: An introductory hands-on microcomputercourse. COREQ: ART 108. Note: May be substituted for a CIS electivein the Computing and Management major.CGI (ART) 222: Applied Imaging and Applications to theWorld Wide Web II. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Advancedmethods of two dimensional graphics, image processing,and World Wide Web design leading to team projects in thefields of science and art. PREREQ: CGI (ART) 221.CGI (ART) 321: Computer Modeling and Design I. 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. An introduction to the theory andpractice of two- and three-dimensional modeling and rendering.Exploration of mathematical and design concepts in the lectureroom, on the computer, and in the studio. Topics to includeprimitive objects, transformations, curve creation and manipulation,symmetries, surface creation and modification, basic rendering.PREREQ: CGI (ART) 221 or MAT 172, together with anyhands-on microcomputer course. Note: May be substituted for a CISelective in the Computing and Management major.CGI (ART) 322: Computer Modeling and Design II. 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits. Advanced surface modeling, withconsideration of continuity of surfaces and their tangents andcurvature. Evaluation techniques, construction planes, modelingworkflow. Creation of computer models from two-dimensionalviews and three-dimensional models. Projects from industrialdesign and scientific visualization. World Wide Web applications.PREREQ: CGI (ART) 321.CGI (ART) 325: Digital Multimedia. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. Web- and disk-based multimedia projects in the digitalrealm, including digital audio, digital video, and interactivity.PREREQ: CGI (ART) 221 or CGI (ART) 321.CGI (ART) 421: Computer Animation I. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. Introduction to computer animation. Frames,keyframes, hierarchical animation, morphing, expressions, andcharacter animation with skeletons. PREREQ: CGI (ART) 321and either MAT 175 or MAT 174. Note: May be substituted for aCIS elective in the Computing and Management major.CGI (ART) 422: Computer Animation II. 4 hours (2, lecture;2, lab), 3 credits. Advanced animation. Inverse kinematics, constraintsand particle systems, manipulation of graphs to controlanimation. Applications to scientific visualization, film, multimedia,and TV. PREREQ: CGI (ART) 421.CGI (ART) 451: Topics in Computer Imaging. 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). For specifictopics and sections, consult the Department.CGI (ART) 480: Senior Project. 3 hours, 3 credits. Advancedprojects in the field of computer imaging under faculty guidance.PREREQ: Departmental permission.CGI (ART) 481: Independent Study in Computer Imaging.3 hours, 3 credits. Independent study on a specific topic underfaculty supervision. PREREQ: Departmental permission.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 161

Middle and High School EducationChair: Thomas Ihde (Carman Hall, Room B29)Department Faculty: Professors: Annette Digby, Herminio Martinez,Stanley F. Taback; Associate Professors: Russell P. Bradshaw, Morris Gross,Thomas Ihde; Assistant Professors: Margo Dellicarpini, David Fletcher,Serigne Gningue, Amanda Gulla, Immaculee Harushimana, BarbaraSchroder, Constance Joye Smith-Munson. Instructor: David Hyman.Coordinators (Carman Hall, Room B29): Russell Bradshaw, SocialStudies Education; Jessica Ruglis and Christopher Emdin, Science Education;David Fletcher, Undergraduate Coordinator; Amanda Gulla andDavid Hyman, English Education; Barbara Schroder, Foreign LanguageEducation; Constance Joye Smith-Munson, Bilingual Education andTeaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (T.E.S.O.L.); SerigneGningue and Stanley F. Taback, Mathematics Education, Business andTechnology Education: See Department Chair.The Department of Middle and High School Education preparesteacher candidates to meet requirements for New York State initialcertification 1 to teach the following academic subjects in middle andhigh school: English, foreign languages, mathematics, science (biologyand general science; chemistry and general science; physics andgeneral science; and earth sciences and general science), and socialstudies. It also prepares students to meet requirements to teach thefollowing special subjects: art (K-12), music (K-12), health, andrecreation education.Advisement: Students should obtain advisement before enrollingin an education sequence. Information about prerequisites,and the requirements for New York State certifications 2 forteachers of academic or special subjects, may be obtained in theDepartment office. Students seeking New York City publicschool licenses will be advised as to the requirements for theappropriate New York State teaching certificate currently acceptedas partial City credentialing. Candidates for certificationare expected to demonstrate specified knowledge, skills, andperformance competencies through class sessions on campusand through a variety of field-based activities in schools andother education agencies. Students interested in dual certificationshould consult the Department Chair.ProgramsTEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN MIDDLE AND HIGHSCHOOL EDUCATIONStudents major in the appropriate academic or special subject andtake one of the sequences outlined in this section. Students shouldconsult with an adviser in the Department of Middle and HighSchool Education to be placed in the appropriate sequence.TEACHER CERTIFICATIONTeacher certification and licensure is carried out by the New YorkState Education Department. The public schools of the City ofNew York have requirements beyond those required for Statecertification. At both the State and City levels, certification requirementsare subject to change without notice. The informationabout certification contained in this Bulletin is the most upto-dateavailable at press time, but may become obsolete afterpublication. It is the responsibility of the student or graduate toperiodically consult with a Departmental adviser about the latestcertification requirements.NOTE: While undergraduate courses in Business Education stillappear in the catalog, the undergraduate program in BusinessEducation is no longer offered. Changes in program requirementsdesignated by the New York State Education Department forTeacher, Counselor and/or Administrator certifications occur fromtime to time. As such, students are advised to consult the office ofthe Division of Education, Room B-33 of Carman Hall, to determinethe most current program requirements for certification.Students not seeking an institutional recommendation but whointend to apply independently for certification should consult witha departmental adviser prior to registration so that a course ofstudy fulfilling state requirements may be planned. New YorkState may at some point end the independent transcript reviewroute to certification. Students should consult the New York StateEducation Department website for updates or may check with theDivision of Education's Certification Office to determine if achange in this policy has been adopted.ENTRANCE, CONTINUATION, AND EXIT CONDITIONSTo enter the program:1. Pass all CUNY skills tests.2. Pass English 120 and Speech 100 with a grade of B or better.3. Declare a major in the area of certification.4. Register for the first course in the education sequence, ESC 301.To continue in the program:1. Complete ESC 301 and ESC 302 with a combined index of3.0 or better.2. Complete ESC 429 and ESC 409. To register for either course,an index of 3.0 or better in ESC courses and an overall indexof 2.7 or better is required.3. Complete the appropriate subject area method courses (ESC410-462). To register for these courses, ESC 301, 302, 429,and 409 must be completed with a combined index of 3.0 orbetter; an overall index of 2.7 must be maintained; and scoresmust be submitted on the N.Y.S. L.A.S.T. Teacher Certificationexamination. In addition, at least 50 percent of the requirementsfor the major in the area of certification must be completed.4. Complete ESC 470 (Student Teaching in the Middle Gradesand High School Grades). Submit your scores on the N.Y.S.A.T.S.-W. Teacher Certification Examination and the C.S.T. tothe Office of the Dean of Education.To exit the program and receive Lehman College's recommendation forNew York State Teacher Certification:1. Complete all course requirements as outlined above.2. Complete student teaching with a grade of B or better in eachcourse.3. Complete the major in the area of certification with an indexof 2.7 or better.4. Complete all degree requirements with an index of 2.7 or better.5. Complete one year of college-level study of a language otherthan English.6. Complete two State-mandated workshops on (a) Child AbuseIdentification and Reporting and (b) School Violence Interventionand Prevention.7. Complete all required N.Y.S. arts and science requirements.8. Individuals seeking certification in foreign languages mustsubmit scores from the A.C.T.F.L. O.P.I. (Oral ProficiencyInterview).1The sequence described in this section meets the requirements for New York State certification. Students seeking a license to teach in the New York Citypublic schools may need to meet other requirements and should contact the New York City Public Schools Office of Recruitment for specific information(718-935-2670).2New York State also requires applicants for provisional teacher certification to achieve a satisfactory level of performance on the New York State Test ofthe Liberal Arts and Sciences (L.A.S.T.), and on the Assessment of Teaching Skills—Written (A.T.S.-W.). Candidates are also required to earn a certificatein child abuse detection and prevention. For updated certification requirements, please consult the divisional certificate adviser (Carman Hall B-33).162 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

CERTIFICATION SEQUENCESequences have been designed for students wishing certificationin the academic subject areas of English, foreign language,mathematics, science, and social studies, and for students inother subject areas.To enroll in a special methods course, the student must have completed60 undergraduate credits (or have earned an associate's degree)andmust have declared a major in a certification area.To enter ESC 414-462, the student must have passed ENG 120(or its equivalent) and have taken ESC 301(or its equivalent)and have 3 additional education credits. Students also must haveaccumulated a 2.7 general index.To enter student teaching, students must have passed the teachingof a subject course with a minimum grade of B and haveindices of 3.0 in education and 2.7 in the major. For an institutionalrecommendation for State certification, students musthave earned a B or above in student teaching and must havecompleted the College/State-approved sequence for the respectivesubject area.PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS FOR UNDERGRADUATESECONDARY TEACHER EDUCATION (ART, ENGLISH,FOREIGN LANGUAGE, HEALTH, MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE,SOCIAL STUDIES)Students pursuing teacher education must enter a formal programleading to a Lehman College recommendation for teachercertification, and then satisfy the specific requirements, often ina particular sequence. The entrance, continuation, and exit conditionslisted below describe the procedures that need to befollowed.Secondary Education RequirementsCredits (23-27)3 ESC 3013 ESC 3024 ESC 4094-8 ESC 410–4623 ESC 4296 ESC 470 (Student Teaching)Entrance, Continuation, and Exit ConditionsTo enter the program:1. Pass all CUNY skills tests.2. Pass English 120 and Speech 100 with a grade of B or better.3. Declare a major in the area of certification.4. Register for the first course in the education sequence, ESC 301.To continue in the program:1. Complete ESC 301 and ESC 302 with a combined index of3.0 or better.2. Complete ESC 429 and ESC 409. To register for either course,an index of 3.0 or better in ESC courses and an overall indexof 2.7 or better is required.3. Complete the appropriate subject area method courses (ESC410-462). To register for these courses, ESC 301, 302, 429,and 409 must be completed with a combined index of 3.0 orbetter; an overall index of 2.7 must be maintained; and scoresmust be submitted on the N.Y.S. L.A.S.T. Teacher Certificationexamination. In addition, at least 50 percent of the requirementsfor the major in the area of certification must be completed.4. Complete ESC 470 (Student Teaching in the Middle Grades andHigh School Grades). Submit scores on the N.Y.S A.T.S.-W.Teacher Certification Examination and the C.S.T. to the Officeof the Dean of Education.To exit the program and receive Lehman College's recommendationfor New York State Teacher Certification:1. Complete all course requirements as outlined above.2. Complete student teaching with a grade of B or better in eachcourse.3. Complete the major in the area of certification with an indexof 2.7 or better.4. Complete all degree requirements with an index of 2.7 orbetter.5. Complete one year of college-level study of a language otherthan English.6. Complete two State-mandated workshops on (a) Child AbuseIdentification and Reporting and (b) School ViolenceIntervention and Prevention.7. Complete all required N.Y.S. arts and science requirements.8. Individuals seeking certification in foreign languages mustsubmit scores from the A.C.T.F.L. O.P.I. (Oral Proficiency Interview).INDIVIDUAL APPLICANTS FOR N.Y.S. CERTIFICATIONStudents not seeking an institutional recommendation but whointend to apply independently for certification should consultwith a Departmental adviser prior to registration so that a courseof study fulfilling State requirements may be planned. Accordingto current changes taking place in .N.Y.S. certification requirements,the option to apply for certification on an independentbasis will no longer be available as of Feb. 2, 2004.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN MIDDLE AND HIGHSCHOOL EDUCATIONThe Department of Middle and High School Education offers a13-credit minor for students who choose not to complete certificationrequirements.The required minor courses are:Credits (13)3 ESC 3013 ESC 3024 ESC 4093 ESC 429Courses in Middle and High SchoolEducation*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.ESC 135: Introduction to Secondary Education. 3 hours, 3credits. An examination of the development of secondary educationin the United States: its structure, governance, and finance.Consideration of the unique role of the secondary school and itsinterrelationships with other societal institutions. Field visits toselected secondary schools.ESC 170: Introduction to Education in Nontraditional Settings.3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction to the field of educationthrough the study of educational settings other than traditionalschools. Examination of professional responsibilities of educatorsworking in nontraditional schools. Field experience to developa deeper understanding of one of the settings (hospitals,alternate schools, prisons, adolescent treatment centers, etc.) willsupplement class lectures.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 163

Note: All 300-level ESC courses require lower sophomore standing.*ESC 300: Human Relations. 3 hours, 3 credits. (GradedPass/Fail.) Study of the attitudes and behavioral patterns thataffect human relations in the schools. The emphasis will be onthe development of the personal awareness of future teacherswith respect to racial, cultural, and social conflicts and interactionsin urban centers. Group-dynamics techniques, such assensitivity training and role playing, will be used. Minimum of15 hours' practicum experience in an appropriate setting. NOTE:Sections 7 and 87 can be taken only by Corporate Training and BusinessEducation majors.ESC 301: Psychological Foundations of Middle and HighSchool. 3 hours, 3 credits. Development from childhood throughadolescence (cognitive, emotional, social, and physical), learningtheories, measurement and evaluation, inclusion of specialstudent populations, and use of relevant technology and software.Theories and research findings will be discussed in relationto classroom observations. 15 hours of supervised fieldwork.ESC 302: Social Foundations of Education: A MulticulturalPerspective. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the historical developmentof education and schools within the context of variouscommunities and families. Emphasis on the school as a socioculturalinstitution: issues of equity and bias, and the contributionsof the major racial and ethnic groups, especially in themulticultural schools of New York City. Presentation of relevanttechnology and software; special student populations included.ESC 303: Sex Roles and Attitudes in Secondary Education.1 hour, 1 credit. Experimental examination of sex roles andtheir implications for educational practice in secondary schoolgrades 7-12.*ESC 304: Theories of Prejudice and Stereotyping: Implicationsfor Educational Settings. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examination oftheories and research relating to prejudice and stereotyping:causes, manifestations, effects. Application of research findingsto effective behavior in educational settings.*ESC 308: Current Issues and Problems in Education. 3 hours,3 credits. Examination of social and philosophical issues thatface educators, parents, and the public at large. Practicum experiencearranged by instructor.*ESC (ECE) 310: The Spanish-Speaking American in theUrban School Setting. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the contemporarySpanish-speaking American in the urban setting. Specialemphasis on opportunities to investigate the education of, andenvironmental influences on, the Puerto Rican.*ESC 315: American Education: Philosophical and HistoricalFoundations. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the developmentof educational theories and practices in the United States fromtheir European origins to the present. The contemporary periodexamined through the writings of educational philosophersand critics.*ESC 400: Evaluation in Teaching English to Speakers ofOther Languages in Secondary and Continuing Education.3 hours, 3 credits. Study of techniques for use in the classroom tomeasure achievement in listening, speaking, reading, writing,and knowledge of American culture. Practice in the constructionof classroom tests. PREREQ: ESC 301.*ESC 403: Assessment in Secondary, Adult, and BusinessEducation Settings. 3 hours, 3 credits. Educational testing for thesecondary school and other educational settings. The construction,administration, interpretation, and evaluation of educationaltests. PREREQ: ESC 301.*ESC 405: Teaching of English as a Second Language (Grades7-12). 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and materials of teaching Englishto secondary-school students whose native language is notEnglish. Attention will be directed to problems of language,cultural orientation, and the various techniques for teachingchildren of different age levels and lifestyles. PREREQ: ESC 301.NOTE: No student may count both ESC 405 and ECE 427 for credittoward the degree.*ESC 406: Sex Education, Cultural Values, and Family Life.3 hours, 3 credits. Development of attitudes, sensitivities, andskills necessary to teach sex education in the school. Instructionwill focus on sexual behavior and its relationship to social patterns,child development, and interpersonal behavior. PREREQ:ESC 301.*ESC 407: Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. 3 hours,3 credits. Investigation of theories and research related to bilingualismand its educational implications. Examination of theprinciples underlying bilingual education. Study of practice,school organization, curricula, and problems in bilingual education.PREREQ: ESC 301.*ESC 408: Methods and Materials for Teaching Preventionof Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1 hour, 1 credit. (Closed to studentsin Elementary Education Program A.) Study of the objectivesand content of abuse education, including methods,materials, and resources appropriate for teaching in these areas.PREREQ: ESC 301.*ESC 409: Instructional Strategies for Middle and HighSchool. (3 hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab) 4 credits. 30 hours fieldworkrequired. Topics include: classroom management principles andtechniques, “generic” lesson planning skills, use of relevanttechnology and software, and individualizing teaching methodsfor particular student populations, including limited Englishproficiency students, low-achieving students, minority and inner-citystudents, and students in special education. This courseis a prerequisite to middle and high school “subject area” methodscourses. PREREQ: ESC 301, 302, 2.75 or better overallG.P.A. and a 3.0 or better combined G.P.A. in Middle and HighSchool Education courses.ESC 410: Teaching Writing in Secondary School. 4 hours(2, lecture; 2, fieldwork), 3 credits. An examination of writingtheory and practice for the purpose of developing effective performancein the teaching of composition. Practice in teachingand evaluating writing and in measuring progress. Field experienceand instruction in individual writing instruction. PREREQ:ESC 301. Note: For students preparing to teach English, completion ofan advanced course in writing is strongly recommended.*ESC 411: Teaching Corrective Reading in Secondary School.3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and theory of corrective reading instructionin secondary school classrooms, laboratories, and resourcerooms. PREREQ: ESC 301.*ESC 412: Teaching Reading: The Use of Adolescents' Literature.3 hours, 3 credits. An examination of adolescents' literatureand methods of teaching reading through the use of such literature.PREREQ: ESC 301.ESC 413: Teaching Developmental Reading in SecondarySchool. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and theory of developmentalreading instruction in secondary-school classrooms. PREREQ:ESC 301.164 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

ESC 414-440 and 445: Teaching a Subject in SecondarySchool. 3 hours, 3 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Aims, problems,and methods of teaching a subject at the secondary level.PREREQ: ESC 301 or its equivalent and 3 additional educationcredits as prescribed by the Department; a 2.7 cumulative gradepoint average overall; pass ENG 102 or its equivalent; and Departmentalpermission. COREQ: Either ESC 476 or 477 (FieldworkI or II), or ESC 471. ADDITIONAL PREREQ for ESC 414only: ECE 405.ESC 414: Special Methods in Art. 3 hours, 3 credits. Studentsenrolled in ESC 414 are required to demonstrate proficiency in computergraphics or take a course in computer imaging. Computergraphics programs can be effective design tools. In addition, themiddle and high school art methods course introduces studentsto the use of the computer as a research tool. Using the computeras a design tool enables learners to use design operationsto change and enhance images using a variety of techniques,such as drawing, cutting/pasting, duplicating, shrinking, distorting,magnifying, and collaging. The goal is for students to usetechnology as a medium for art expression in the school artcurriculum. Using the computer as a research tool enables studentsto explore possibilities in computer programs, such asexploration and assessment of Internet sites for art and art educationinformation and research, networking, discussion, andcritique through Web boards and e-mail.ESC 419: Teaching Science in Middle and High School. 3 hours,lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Researchand practice in the teaching of science at the middle and highschool levels. Attention to inquiry-driven methods consistentwith current standards in science education, uses of technologyand relevant software, teaching strategies, assessment, inclusionof special student populations, and literacy development inscience. Fieldwork under supervision. PREREQ: ESC 409 andESC 429 with at least a 2.70 or better in ESC 301, 302, 409, and429; completion of at least 50 percent of the credits in a Stateaccreditedscience major, with a minimum 2.75 cumulativeG.P.A.; submission of scores on the New York State L.A.S.T.examination to the Division of Education Office.*ESC 420: Accounting and Business Subjects*ESC 421: Secretarial SubjectsESC 422: Teaching English in Middle and High School. 3 hours,lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Introductionto methods and materials for teaching English at the middleand high school levels. Curriculum development; use of relevanttechnology; developing academic literacy through language artsand literature current standards; instructional strategies; inclusionof special populations; and assessment. PREREQ: ESC 409and ESC 429 with at least a 2.70 or better in ESC 301, 302, 409,429; completed at least 50 percent of the credits in the student’smajor with a minimum 2.75 cumulative GPA; submission ofscores on the New York State LAST examination to the Divisionof Education Office.ESC 424: Teaching Foreign Languages in Middle and HighSchool. 3 hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. Methods and materialsfor teaching foreign languages at middle and high schoollevels. Developing communicative competence, academic literacythrough the four skills, and crosscultural awareness in a languageother than English. Curriculum development; use of relevanttechnology; current standards; lesson planning; instructionalstrategies; inclusion of special populations; and assessment.PREREQ: ESC 409 and ESC 462, with at least a 2.70 or better inESC 301, 302, 409, and 462; completion of at least 50 percent ofthe credits in a State-accredited science major, with a minimum2.75 cumulative G.P.A.; submission of scores on the N.Y.S. L.A.S.T.examination to the Division of Education Office.ESC 432: Teaching Mathematics in Middle and High School. 3hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required.Introduction to methods and materials for teaching mathematicsin middle and high school, overview of curriculum, current standards,lesson planning; instructional strategies, uses of technology,problem solving; assessment, inclusion of special student populations,and literacy development in mathematics. PREREQ: ESC409 and ESC 429, with at least a 2.70 or better in ESC 301, 302,409, 429; completed at least 50 percent of the credits in the student’smajor, with a minimum 2.75 cumulative G.P.A.; submissionof scores on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination to theDivision of Education Office.ESC 429: Teaching Language, Literacy, and Educational Technology.3 hours, 3 credits. 15 hours fieldwork required. Using informationtechnology to support the teaching of literacy to studentsof diverse language backgrounds and abilities through the contentareas. Social, legal, and ethical issues affecting the instructional useof technology. Curriculum development; current standards; inclusionof students with disabilities; and assessment. No prior computingexperience necessary. Integrated field experience. PRE- orCOREQ: ESC 409.*ESC 431: Family & Consumer StudiesESC 434: Teaching Social Studies in Middle and High School.3 hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required.Introduction to current theory on curriculum, alternate views onscope and sequence, lesson planning, and national and Statestandards. Uses of technology and reviews of relevant software,alternative teaching strategies, different types of assessment,inclusion of special student populations, and literacy developmentin social studies. PREREQ: ESC 409 and ESC 429, with atleast a 2.70 or better in ESC 301, 302, 409, 429; completion ofat least 50 percent of the credits in the student’s major, with aminimum 2.75 cumulative G.P.A.; submission of scores on theNew York State L.A.S.T. examination to the Division of Educationoffice.*ESC 435: Speech*ESC 436: Clerical SubjectsESC 437: Teaching Health in Middle and High School. 3 lecture,2 laboratory, 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Methods andmaterials for teaching health at the middle and high school levels.Curriculum development; use of relevant technology; developingmulticultural literacy through language arts in the health curriculum;current standards; instructional strategies; inclusion of specialpopulations; and assessment. Includes fieldwork under facultysupervision. PREREQ: ESC 301, ESC 302, ESC 409, and 429 with aminimum Grade Point Average of 2.7; completion of 50 percentof the credits in a State-accredited health major; a minimum overallcumulative grade point average of 2.75; and submission ofscores on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination to the Divisionof Education Office.*ESC 440: Puerto Rican Studies (also PRS 440)*ESC 442: Teaching Environmental Science. 3 hours, 3 credits.Studies of selected materials, methods, and techniques of environmentaleducation appropriate for teachers of middle school,high school, and adult education courses. PREREQ: ESC 301.COREQ: Students who take ESC 442 and a course numberedESC 414 to 440 during the same semester are required to takeonly one course—either ESC 476 or 477.*ESC 443: The Systematic Design of Instruction for Businessand Industry. 3 hours, 3 credits. The systematic method of designingtraining courses and programs in business and industry.PREREQ: ESC 301.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 165

*ESC 444: Delivering Instruction in Business and Industry.3 hours, 3 credits. Principles and practices of delivering instructionto adult learner populations in corporate settings. Emphasison using presentation techniques. Students plan and deliverinstruction. PREREQ: ESC 443 and either SPE 100, SPE 203, oran equivalent introductory speech course.*ESC 445: Recreation StudiesESC 462: Teaching Language Arts in Languages Other thanEnglish. 3 hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. 35 hours fieldworkrequired. Methods, materials, and assessment for developingliteracy through language arts in a language other than English atthe middle and high school levels. Curriculum development; useof relevant technology and software; current standards; instructionalstrategies; inclusion of special populations; assessment.Fieldwork under supervision. PREREQ: ESC 301, 302, and 409,with a combined average of 3.0 or better; completion of at least50 percent of the credits in a foreign language major, with a 2.7or better; and submission of scores on the New York StateL.A.S.T. examination to the Division of Education Office. PREorCOREQ: ESC 424.ESC 470: Student Teaching in the Middle and High SchoolGrades. One semester of full-time supervised student teaching,two experiences of 20 days each (or other approved experiences).6 credits. Student teaching in the middle and high schoolgrades, plus a weekly seminar. PREREQS: Completion of appropriateContent Area Teaching Methods course(s) with a B orbetter; maintenance of overall G.P.A. of at least 2.75; submissionof scores on the A.T.S.-W. Teacher Certification Examination tothe Division Office; Departmental permission; and approvalfrom the Professional Development Coordinator. Notes: (1.)Student teaching on both the middle and high school level is requiredfor State certification in English, social studies, foreign languages,science, and mathematics. Students seeking certification in music,health, art, and speech language pathology must complete a K-2 studentteaching experience and should see their Department Chair foradvisement. New York State may add this requirement for other subjects,so students are advised to consult their advisers in this Departmentregularly. (2.) Student teaching requires formal application andapproval the semester before the course is to be taken. It is the student'sresponsibility to check with the Professional Development Coordinatorfor meeting and application dates early in the prior semester.166 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

MusicChair: Bernard Shockett (Music Building, Rm.315)Department Faculty: Distinguished Professor: John Corigliano; DistinguishedLecturer: Robert Stewart; Professors: Diana Battipaglia,Marta Ghezzo, Jack Hyatt, Bernard Shockett; Assistant Professors:Timothy D. Polashek, Janette Tilley; Lecturers: Cynthia Peterson,Penny Prince; Senior College Lab Technician: Karl Watson; CollegeLab Technicians: Darina Bejtja, Allan MolnarThe Department of Music offers a 59-credit major in Music leadingto the B.S. degree. Entrance into this program is by examination.Programs59-CREDIT MAJOR IN MUSIC, B.S.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (59)24 Music theory: MST 236, 237, 238, 239, 315, 316, 319, 320;4 Musicianship: MST 266, 267, 268, 269;18 Music literature and history: MST 241, 242; MSH 331, 332,333, 334;4 Private instruction: MSP 210; and9 Electives to be taken from the following courses: MSH 269, 270;MST 317, 318, 321, 322; MSP 445, 446.Note: Students studying with a private teacher approved by the Departmentof Music may petition the Department Chair to receive 1 to 4credits.PLACEMENT IN COURSESA basic knowledge of music theory is required of all students whowish to major in Music. Students will demonstrate their ability toenter MST 236 (Theory 1) and MST 266 (Musicianship 1) by takinga placement examination. Successful completion of MST 100will be accepted in lieu of the placement examination.PIANO REQUIREMENTIn addition to the major instrument, students must pass a proficiencyexamination in piano. Examples of the required level ofproficiency are available in the Music Office (Music Building,Room 316). Students are expected to complete this requirementbefore their fifth semester.DEPARTMENTAL ENSEMBLESAll students, faculty, staff, and members of the community areinvited to audition for the principal ensembles of the College.Music majors may not register for credit but are expected toparticipate in at least one ensemble per semester.MSH 114 and 115 may not be taken for credit by studentsmajoring in Music.Courses in Music History*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.MSH 114: Introduction to Music. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Note: Musicmajors must obtain Chair's permission.) Designed to develop anunderstanding of the art of music. Various aspects of a limitednumber of complete works are studied, including their structure,style, and place in cultural history—all with the aim of developingperspectives for listening. No previous musical experience isrequired.Note: All courses numbered MSH 115 through MSH 269 carry thefollowing PREREQ: MSH 114 (or equivalent).MSH 115: Introduction to Music II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Furtherstudy of the concepts and styles presented in MSH 114.*MSH 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, and 233: The Literature ofMusic. Each 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: MSH 114 (or equivalent)for those not in a Music major; MST 100 (or equivalent) forthose in a Music major.228: Orchestral Music229: The Concerto230: Choral Literature231: Chamber Music232: The Art Song233: Piano Music*MSH 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, and 239: Opera. Each 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: MSH 114 (or equivalent) for those not in aMusic major. MST 100 (or equivalent) for those in a Music major.234: Opera: 1600 to 1830235: Opera: 1830 to Twentieth Century236: The Operas of Mozart237: The Operas of Wagner238: Twentieth-Century Opera239: Italian Opera*MSH 245: Music in the United States, from the ColonialPeriod to the Present. 3 hours, 3 credits.*MSH 250: Master Composers. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits).*MSH 266: Folk and Traditional Music. 2 hours, 2 credits.MSH 269: Jazz: Literature and Evolution. 3 hours, 3 credits.The origins and development of jazz before 1950; crossinfluencewith concert music. Contemporary trends, such as souland rock. PREREQ: MSH 114 or MST 236 (or equivalent).MSH 270: Jazz: Literature and Evolution Since 1950. 3 hours,3 credits. Development and literature of jazz since 1950 and itscross-influence with popular trends, such as rock. PREREQ: MSH114 or MST 236, or equivalent.Note: All 300-level MSH courses carry the following PREREQ: eitherMSH 114 (or equivalent) or instructor's permission.MSH 330: Music of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.3 hours, 3 credits.MSH 331: Music of the Baroque Period. 3 hours, 3 credits. Studyof music from 1600 to 1750. The rise of opera, oratorio, andcantata; the development of idiomatic instrumental music forkeyboard and chamber instruments; sonata, suite, and concerto.Emphasis will be placed on the works of Monteverdi, Schutz,Purcell, Corelli, Scarlatti, Vivaldi, Couperin, Rameau, Handel,and Bach.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 167

MSH 332: Music of the Classical Period. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thedevelopment of the sonata-allegro form; the sonata, the stringquartet, and the symphony. The development of opera buffa.The reform of opera with Gluck. Emphasis will be placed on theworks of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven.MSH 333: Music of the Romantic Period. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theinfluence of romanticism on musical forms and styles; the Lied,the character-piece, the tone poem, grand opera, and musicdrama; the rise of nationalistic schools; and late romantic disintegrationof the classical-romantic tradition.MSH 334: Music of the Twentieth Century. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of developments in musical style and thought in the twentiethcentury.Courses in Music Theory*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.MST 100: Fundamentals of Music Theory. 3 hours, 3 credits.Elements of music notation, the structure of scales and chordsand the study of melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic techniquesusing both folk and composed material. No previous musicalexperience is required. This course will not be credited towardany Music major.MST 236: Theory I. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: A knowledge ofscales, triads, and intervals established by placement exam orMST 100. COREQ: MST 266.MST 237: Theory II. 3 hours, 3 credits. A continued study ofharmonic techniques, including chromatic harmony; writtenexercises. PREREQ: MST 236. COREQ: MST 267.MST 238: Theory III. 3 hours, 3 credits. Advanced harmonic techniques;written exercises. PREREQ: MST 237. COREQ: MST 268.MST 239: Theory IV. 3 hours, 3 credits. Continued advanced harmonictechniques, including modes and elementary compositionaltechniques. PREREQ: MST 238. COREQ: MST 269.MST 241: Introduction to the Structure and Literature of MusicI. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analytical study of the elements of musicalstyle, texture, and forms as represented in the principalgenres characteristic of various periods, as preparation for thestudy of music history.MST 242: Introduction to the Structure and Literature of MusicII. 3 hours, 3 credits. Continued analytical study of the elementsof musical style, texture, and form as represented in theprincipal genres characteristic of various periods, as preparationfor the study of music history.MST 266: Musicianship I. 2 hours, 1 credit. Progressive developmentof basic musical skills through sightsinging, dictation,and other aural exercises. PREREQ: MST 236.MST 267: Musicianship II. 2 hours, 1 credit. A continuation ofMST 266. COREQ: MST 237.MST 268: Musicianship III. 2 hours, 1 credit. A continuation ofMST 267. COREQ: MST 238.MST 269: Musicianship IV. 2 hours, 1 credit. A continuation ofMST 268. COREQ: MST 239.*MST 312: Fugue I. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: MST 239.*MST 313: Fugue II. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: MST 312(or equivalent).MST 315: Orchestration I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Score reading; theinstruments of the orchestra and the band and practice in scoringfor various groups. PREREQ: MST 239.MST 316: Orchestration II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Further study inscore reading. Advanced practice in scoring for various groups.PREREQ: MST 315 (or equivalent).MST 317: Form and Analysis I. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of musicalstyle, texture, and form as exemplified in the composition ofBaroque and Classical composers. PREREQ: MST 236.MST 318: Form and Analysis II. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study ofmusical style, texture, and form as exemplified in the compositionof Medieval, Renaissance, Romantic, and Contemporarycomposers. PREREQ: MST 317.MST 319: Composition I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Composition invarious types and forms of music; practice in free composition.PREREQ: Instructor's permission.MST 320: Composition II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Advanced study ofcomposition, with emphasis on instrumental combinations.PREREQ: MST 319 and 315 and instructor's permission.MST 321: Electronic Music I. 3 hours, 3 credits. This course is anintense "hands-on" study of the computer-based electronic musicstudio and electronic music techniques. Topics include acoustics,digital sound recording, editing, processing and synthesis,M.I.D.I. hardware and software, music notation, and the historicalorigins and literature of electro-acoustic music. Short compositionalexercises will be assigned. Additional studio timeoutside of class is required. PREREQ: MST 236.MST 322: Electronic Music II. 3 hours, 3 credits. This coursecontinues the intense "hands-on" study of the computer-basedelectronic music studio and electronic music techniques studiedin Electronic Music I. Topics include multitrack audio recording,audio engineering, and audio production, introduction to interactiveand algorithmic instrument design, and music for videoproduction techniques. Short compositional exercises will beassigned. Additional studio time outside of class is required.PREREQ: MST 321.MST 485: Independent Studies in Music. One semester, 1-3credits. (May be repeated to a maximum of 9 credits.) Individualprojects in an appropriate field, under faculty supervision.PREREQ: Departmental permission.MST 496: Honors Project. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 9credits). A course offering qualified students the opportunity tostudy special topics in one of the following areas of music: literatureand history, theory and composition, and performance.PREREQ: Departmental permission, to be applied.Courses in Musical Performance*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.MSP 100: Chorus. 3 hours, 1 credit (maximum 4 credits). (Opento any student with the ability to participate in group singing.)The study and public performance of selected works. Emphasison basic choral techniques.MSP 166: Strings I. 2 hours, 1 credit (maximum 2 credits). Bowingand the positions, practice in reading simple compositions, andcare of instruments. No previous knowledge of a string instrumentrequired. PREREQ: Departmental permission for thosewho are not Music majors.MSP 167: Strings II. 2 hours, 1 credit. Continued study to provideelementary facility on string instruments. PREREQ: MSP166 (or equivalent).MSP 168: Woodwinds I. 2 hours, 1 credit (maximum 2 credits).Breathing, tone production, and fingering. Principles underlyingconstruction of woodwind instruments. Practice in simple ensemblemusic. Care of instruments. No previous knowledge of awoodwind instrument required. PREREQ: Departmental permissionfor those not in a Music major.168 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

MSP 169: Woodwinds II. 2 hours, 1 credit. Continued study toprovide elementary facility on woodwind instruments. PREREQ:MSP 168 (or equivalent).MSP 170: Brass I. 2 hours, 1 credit (maximum 2 credits). Breathing,tone production, and fingering. Acoustic principles governingtechniques of brass instruments. Practice in simple ensemblemusic. Care of instruments. No previous knowledge of a brassinstrument required. PREREQ: Departmental permission forthose not in a Music major.MSP 171: Brass II. 2 hours, 1 credit. Continued study to provideelementary facility on brass instruments. PREREQ: MSP 170 (orequivalent).MSP 172: Percussion. 2 hours, 1 credit. The performance techniquesof tuned and untuned percussion instruments. Groupexercises in rhythm and work in percussion ensemble.*MSP 185: Elementary Guitar Playing. 2 hours, 1 credit. Note:Students must supply their own instruments.MSP 190: Piano. 2 hrs, 1 credit per semester (maximum 4 credits).A piano course for beginners. No previous piano knowledgerequired.MSP 201: The College Choir. 3 hours, 1 credit (maximum 6 credits).(Open to all qualified students, faculty, staff, and membersof the community.) The study and performance of major choralworks. PREREQ: Instructor's permission.*MSP 202: The Chamber Choir. 3 hours, 1 credit (maximum 4credits). (Open to all qualified students, faculty, staff, and membersof the community.) PREREQ: Instructor's permission.MSP 203: Band. 3 hours, 1 credit (maximum 8 credits). (Open toall qualified students, faculty, staff, and members of the community.)The study and performance of band repertoire. PRE-REQ: Instructor's permission.MSP 204: Orchestra. 3 hours, 1 credit (maximum 8 credits). Thestudy and performance of orchestral works. PREREQ: Instructor'spermission.MSP 205: Ensemble for Voices and/or Instruments. 3 hours, 1credit (maximum 4 credits). A study of chamber music throughrehearsals and performance of representative works in variousstyles. PREREQ: Instructor's permission.MSP 210: Instruction in Principal Instrument or Voice. 1 creditper semester (maximum 4 credits for music majors). Intensive studyof one instrument or voice. Instruction with a member of theMusic faculty. PREREQ: Chair's permission. Note: Students whostudy with a private teacher approved by the Department of Music andwho can demonstrate satisfactory progress by audition may petition theChair to receive 1 to 4 credits.MSP 226: Voice I. 2 hours, 1 credit. Fundamentals of tone production,breath control, enunciation, and style. Both groupinstruction and individual attention. PREREQ: Ability to readmusic.MSP 227: Voice II. 2 hours, 1 credit. Continued study of thefundamentals of tone production, breath control, enunciation,and style. Both group instruction and individual attention.PREREQ: MSP 226 (or equivalent).MSP 246: Instrumental Laboratory Ensemble. 2 hours, 1 credit. Thestudy and performance of a wide variety of ensemble music withoutpreparation for public concerts. A systematic survey, through performance,of elementary and intermediate music for band and orchestra.PREREQ: Either instructor's permission or completion of atleast one of the following: MSP 166, 168, or 170.MSP 340: Instrumental Music Methods. 3 hours, 3 credits. Techniquesand tone production of instruments. Designed to preparethe student for the development and direction of school ensemblesand instrumental classes. PRE- or COREQ: MSP 166, 168,and 170.MSP 445: Conducting. 3 hours, 3 credits. Principles of conducting;techniques of the baton, interpretation, repertoire, and scorereading. PREREQ: MST 239MSP 446: Conducting. 3 hours, 3 credits. Advanced principles ofconducting; techniques of the baton, interpretation, repertoire,and score reading. PREREQ: MSP 445.Division of Natural andSocial SciencesDean of Natural and Social Sciences: William TramontanoNSS 470: Science Internship. 15 hours per week and a biweeklyconference, 5 credits. The course may be repeated once underspecial circumstances and with the approval of the InternshipCommittee. Grading will be Pass/Fail. Student interns in theNatural and Social Sciences departments will undertake supervisedwork or research in selected public or private institutionsfor which their studies and skills equip them. Forexample, the Bronx Zoo and the American Museum of NaturalHistory would be possible host institutions for students inBiology or Anthropology. PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of75 college credits, recommendation by a faculty member, andapproval by an advisory and screening committee to be appointedby the Dean of Natural and Social Sciences.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 169

NursingChair: Catherine Alicia Georges (Building T-3, Room 209)Director of Graduate Studies: Helen Lerner (Building T-3, Room 203)Department Faculty: Professor: Keville Frederickson; Associate Professors:Joan Fleitas, Catherine Alicia Georges, Helen Lerner, Eleanor Lundeen;Assistant Professors: Cassandra Dobson, Eleanor Campbell, SusanKleiman, Peggy Tallier, Margaret Yard; Lecturers: Alice Akan, TheresaLundy, Rosa Sapadin, Mary Tesoro, Mirian Zavala; Sub-Associate Professor:Martha Whetsell; Sub-Lecturers: Alsacia Pacsi, Shirlee CohenProfessional Nursing: The Department of Nursing offers aBachelor of Science degree in Nursing for non-nurses and forRegistered Nurses licensed in New York State. The upperdivisionNursing program, which leads to a B.S. degree, is designedto prepare for a career and to build a foundation forgraduate study in professional nursing. It fulfills the requirementsof the New York State Education Department, is accreditedby the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, andentitles its graduates to take the National Council LicensingExamination (N.C.L.E.X.) for licensure as a registered nurse. Theclinical laboratory sections of the Nursing courses are conductedin diverse and culturally rich clinical facilities in the Bronx,Westchester, and other surrounding communities. Independentstudy and honors projects are available to qualified students.Generic Nursing Students: Designed to be completed in fouracademic years, the generic program is a 75-credit major withina total of 120 credits required for graduation. Students mustcomplete their general education, distribution, and prerequisitecourses in the first two years of study and then embark on aconcentrated study of professional nursing, supported by theliberal arts and sciences. The generic Nursing curriculum is designedfor full-time study only. The program aims to help studentsgain the knowledge and experience needed to functionindependently, as well as in collaboration with other membersof the healthcare team, and to help individuals and familiesachieve maximum levels of health. Graduates will have developedskills in critical thinking and the ability to provide competentand compassionate care to a diverse population.B.S. for Registered Nurses: Graduates of Associate Degree programsin nursing and graduates of hospital schools of nursing(diploma programs) who are licensed as Registered ProfessionalNurses in New York State are eligible for admission to the program.R.N. students are required to complete a 37.5-credit majorof the total 120 credits required for graduation. Graduates ofAssociate Degree programs should follow directions for transferstudents when applying for admission to the College and thenseek advisement in the Office of Academic Advisement, ShusterHall, Room 280, in addition to advisement in the Nursing Department.Graduates of hospital schools of nursing who havenot earned previous college credits should follow directions fornew applicants to the College and then see an advisor in theAdult Degree Program. Graduates of diploma nursing programsare encouraged to take the Excelsior College (formerly RegentsCollege) exams in Adult Nursing, Maternal and Child Nursing,and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing to earn advanced standingcredits.ProgramREQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRANCE INTO THE BACHELOR OFSCIENCE PROGRAM IN NURSING (GENERIC)To enter the Nursing Program, students must earn a minimumgrade of C or better in each of the science courses listed belowwith a minimum cumulative index of 2.75 in these courses, ortheir equivalents, and a cumulative index of 2.0 or greater for allcollege work. Students must also pass the National League for Nursing(N.L.N.) Pre-admission R.N. test.CHE 121: Essentials of Organic Chemistry (lab, 1.5 credits)BIO 181: Anatomy and Physiology I (4 credits)BIO 182: Anatomy and Physiology II (4 credits)BIO 230: Microbiology (4 credits)A grade of C or better is required in the following Foundationcourses:HIN 268: Human Growth and Development (3 credits)HIN 269: Analysis and Action for Community Health (3 credits)REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRANCE INTO THE BACHELOR OFSCIENCE PROGRAM IN NURSING FOR REGISTEREDNURSES (LICENSED IN NEW YORK STATE)Graduates of Associate Degree programs in nursing and graduatesof diploma programs who are currently licensed as RegisteredProfessional Nurses in New York State are eligible to applyfor admission to the B.S. program after completing 60 collegecredits with a cumulative index of 2.5 or greater and providingevidence of college courses in chemistry and human growth anddevelopment (or their equivalents). Some students may qualifyto earn credits for the human growth and development coursethrough a validation examination. Students must seek advisementin the Department of Nursing for this process. Registerednurses may pursue either full-time or part-time study.APPLICATION TO THE NURSING PROGRAMAll applicants to the program must first apply for admission tothe College. After being admitted to the College, applicants applyto the Department of Nursing for admission to the program.Applicants must have completed a minimum of 60 credits beforebeing admitted to the Nursing program. Transfer studentsshould submit a copy of their evaluation of transfer credits fromthe Admissions Office. Second-degree students must file a SecondDegree Area of Concentration form in the Office of AcademicStandards and Evaluation, Shuster Hall.Generic students planning to enroll in NUR courses in theFall semester of their junior year must complete and submit anapplication to the Department of Nursing by March 15th of theprevious spring semester.Registered nurses may apply at any time during the academicyear. Applications are available in the Department of NursingOffice (T-3 Building, Room 201) during College business hoursand at the Department's website atwww.lehman.edu/deannss/nursing. Applicants must also submitofficial transcripts of all previous college work and a copy of theTransfer Credit Evaluation form if they are transfer students. Allrequired prerequisite science and foundation courses must becompleted prior to admission to the program. Students whohave been dropped from another nursing program for any reasonare not admissible to the Nursing program at Lehman unlessthe student has subsequently passed the N.C.L.E.X. exam andbecome a registered nurse.170 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Program Requirements75-CREDIT MAJOR IN NURSING, B.S.Prerequisite sciences (21 credits)3 CHE 114: Essentials of General Chemistry1.5 CHE 115: Essentials of General Chemistry, lab3 CHE 120: Essentials of Organic Chemistry1.5 CHE 121: Essentials of Organic Chemistry, lab4 BIO 181: Anatomy and Physiology I4 BIO 182: Anatomy and Physiology II4 BIO 230: MicrobiologyFoundation Course (Prior to Admission)3 HIN 268: Human Growth and DevelopmentFoundation Course (Prior to or After Admission)3 HIN 269: Analysis and Action for Community HealthNursing Courses (48 credits)3 NUR 300: Nursing as a Human Science6 NUR 301: Therapeutic Intervention I3 NUR 302: Ways of Knowing6 NUR 303: Therapeutic Intervention II3 NUR 304: Therapeutic Intervention III3 NUR 330: Pharmacologic Basis of Nursing Practice3 NUR 344: Altered Health States6 NUR 405: Therapeutic Intervention IV3 NUR 406: Clinical Decision Making3 NUR 408: Trends and Issues in Nursing and Health Care6 NUR 409: Therapeutic Intervention V3 NUR 410: Professional Nursing Management37.5-CREDIT MAJOR IN NURSING, B.S.Prerequisite sciences (4.5 credits)3 credits CHE 114: Essentials of General Chemistry1.5 credits CHE 115: Essentials of General Chemistry, labFoundation Course (Prior to Admission)3 credits HIN 268: Human Growth and DevelopmentFoundation Course (Prior to or After Admission)3 credits HIN 269: Analysis and Action for Community HealthNursing Courses (27 credits)3 credits NUR 300: Nursing as a Human Science3 credits NUR 302: Ways of Knowing6 credits NUR 400: Professional Nursing Practice3 credits NUR 406: Clinical Decision Making3 credits NUR 408: Trends and Issues in Nursing and Health Care6 credits NUR 409: Therapeutic Intervention V3 credits NUR 410: Professional Nursing ManagementDEPARTMENT GRADE REQUIREMENTA minimum grade of C (73) or better is required in each of theprerequisite science courses, or their equivalents, to be eligiblefor admission to the generic Nursing program. If a prerequisitescience course is repeated, the first grade will be counted whenconsidering eligibility for admission to the nursing program. Aminimum grade of C (73) is required for a student to progressfrom one nursing course to the next. Nursing students may repeatonly one HIN or NUR course. Note: A student who does notachieve a grade of C or better in a NUR or HIN course may repeat thecourse only once.TIME LIMIT TO COMPLETE THE NURSING PROGRAMIn addition to the College requirement for completion of thebaccalaureate degree, the following time limit applies: Onceadmitted to the Nursing program, the student must complete thebaccalaureate in Nursing within five years. Students who do notmeet this time requirement may reapply to have the currency oftheir Nursing courses reevaluated. Students may be required todemonstrate current knowledge as evidenced by recent or presentpractice, portfolio, or certification.Courses in NursingHIN 268: Growth and Development. 3 hours, 3 credits. Physical,cognitive, social, and emotional development from conceptionto adulthood. Consideration of contributions of major developmentaltheorists. PREREQ: 30 college credits.HIN 269: Analysis and Action for Community Health. 3 hours,3 credits. Health needs of families in the context of their communities.Introduction to epidemiological method and the principlesof epidemiological investigation as tools for analyzinghealth needs. Issues of prevention, environmental health, specialrisk families, planned change, the concept of health teams, andthe roles of health workers in the community are addressed.PREREQ: 30 college credits.NUR 300: Nursing as a Human Science. 3 credits, 3 hours. Historical,philosophical, and theoretical foundations of nursingand selected topics relating to the intersubjective nature of professionalnursing and its moral, ethical, and legal dimensions.PREREQ: Admission to the nursing major.NUR 301: Therapeutic Intervention I: Introduction to ProfessionalNursing Practice. 6 credits: 3 hours, lecture; 12 hours, clinicallaboratory. Emphasis on therapeutic communication, healthassessment, and data analysis. COREQ: NUR 300, NUR 344.PRE- or COREQ: HIN 269.NUR 302: Ways of Knowing in Nursing. 3 credits (3 hours lecture).Methods of research and inquiry in nursing and their implicationsfor clinical practice. PRE- or COREQ: NUR 300.NUR 303: Therapeutic Intervention II: Adult Health Nursing.6 credits: 3 hours, lectur; 12 hours, clinical laboratory. Clinical focuson nursing care of adults with acute and chronic illnesses.PREREQ: NUR 300, NUR 301, NUR 344, HIN 269; COREQ:NUR 304, NUR 330.NUR 304: Therapeutic Intervention III: Psychiatric-MentalHealth Nursing. 3 credits: 2 hours, lecture; 4 hours, clinical laboratory.Clinical focus on nursing care of adults with acute andchronic psychiatric and mental health conditions. PREREQ: NUR300, NUR 301, NUR 344, HIN 269. COREQ: NUR 303, NUR 330.NUR 330: Pharmacologic Basis of Nursing Practice. 3 credits(3 hours, lecture). General pharmacological principles as theyrelate to nursing practice and health care. COREQ: NUR 303.NUR 344: Altered Health States. 3 hours, 3 credits. The relationshipsof normal body functioning and other physiological changesthat occur as a result of illness. Epidemiological, preventive, andpathological aspects of disease. COREQ: NUR 301.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 171

NUR 400: Professional Nursing Practice. 6 credits (3 hours, lecture;9 hours, clinical laboratory). Health assessment and therapeutic interventionthrough communication theory and skills, interprofessionalcollaboration, and professional role development. PRE- or COREQ:NUR 300, NUR 302, and HIN 269.NUR 405: Therapeutic Intervention IV: Childbearing andChildrearing Families. 6 credits: 3 hours, lecture; 12 hours; clinicallaboratory. Relation of nursing care to positive health experiencesand outcomes in childbearing and childrearing families.PREREQ: NUR 303, NUR 304, NUR 330. COREQ: NUR 302,NUR 406.NUR 406: Clinical Decision Making. 3 credits (3 hours, lecture).The processes of clinical judgment and decision-making. Examinationof the interaction between diagnostic and therapeuticreasoning within the context of ethical reasoning. PREREQ: NUR303 or NUR 400.NUR 407: Legal and Ethical Context of Nursing. 3 credits(3 hours, lecture). Exploration of the legal and ethical dimensionsof clinical nursing practice and research. Basic concepts of values,morals and ethics; the interface of law and ethics for contemporarypractice. PREREQ: NUR 303 or NUR 400.NUR 408: Trends and Issues in Nursing and Healthcare.3 credits (3 hours, lecture). Identification and exploration oftrends and issues, with opportunity to debate and to defend aposition on issues. PREREQ: NUR 405 or NUR 406 and NUR407 or permission of instructor.NUR 409: Therapeutic Intervention V: Nursing Synthesis.6 credits: 3 hours, lecture; 12 hours, clinical laboratory. Synthesis ofknowledge and skills required to effectively support clients,families, and groups along a trajectory from diagnosis throughend of life. Population-based care, as it relates to disaster preparednessand targeted nursing response. PREREQ: NUR 405 orNUR 400 and NUR 406. COREQ: NUR 410.NUR 410: Professional Nursing Management. 3 credits (3hours, lecture). Professional role of the nurse in the healthcaresystem. Emphasis on leadership and management theory, asrelated to nursing administration, organizational design, andgovernance. COREQ: NUR 409.NUR 489: Honors Project. One semester, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Independent study or investigation, under facultydirection. A written report is required. PREREQ: Satisfactorycompletion of 24 credits in NUR or related fields and Departmentalpermission; cumulative college index of 3.2 and an indexof 3.5 in Nursing.Courses of InterestNUR (SOC) 240: Death, Dying, and Bereavement. 3 hours,3 credits. Sociological, psychological, and healthcare perspectivesand ethical issues surrounding the processes of dying and bereavement.Topics include the history of attitudes toward death,the new medical technology, the ways individuals confront theirown death and that of others, dying in institutions, death andthe child, and suicide.NUR 350: Topics in Nursing. 3 credits, 3 hours (maximum6 credits). PREREQ: 45 credits in Nursing and permission ofthe Chair.NUR 385: Independent Study in Nursing. One semester, 1-3credits. (Limited to juniors and seniors in nursing.) Independentstudy on a specific topic or clinical area of interest, under thesupervision of a faculty member in the Department of Nursing.PREREQ: Instructor's permission.172 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

PhilosophyChair: Julie Maybee (Carman Hall, Room 360)Department Faculty: Professors: Bernard H. Baumrin, Richard L.Mendelsohn, David M. Rosenthal; Assistant Professors: RosalindCarey, Julie MaybeeThe Department of Philosophy offers a major in Philosophy andalso participates in the interdepartmental Program in Linguistics.Programs24-CREDIT MAJOR IN PHILOSOPHY, WITH AN OPTION TOSPECIALIZE IN ETHICS AND PUBLIC POLICY, B.A:Option A: The Traditional Philosophy MajorThe required courses and credits for this option are distributedas follows (with the prior permission of the Department, studentsmay occasionally substitute similar courses for ones listedhere):Credits (24)12 In either PHI 170 or 230; either PHI 232 or 358; and twocourses in the history of philosophy (PHI 242, 243, 244, or361).12 In four 300- or 400-level PHI coursesOption B: Specialization in Ethics and Public PolicyThe required courses and credits for this option are distributedas follows (with the prior permission of the department studentsmay occasionally substitute similar courses for ones listed here):Credits (24)6 One course in logic (either PHI 170 or 230), and either PHI171 or a course in the history of philosophy (PHI 242, 243,244 or 361)9 Selected from the following: PHI 232, 234, 235, 236, 246,247, 250. (PHI 172, 173, 174, or 175 may be substituted forone of these 200- level courses, but in no case may morethan 6 credits at the 100 level be used to satisfy the majorrequirements.)9 Three courses in Philosophy at the 300 or 400 level relatedto the field of Ethics and Public Policy, of which at least twomust be selected from the following: PHI 342, 343, 354,358, 359, 462.WOMEN'S STUDIES OPTIONSee the description of this program contained later in this Bulletin.HONORS PROGRAMStudents must satisfy the College requirements for graduation withDepartmental honors and win the approval of the Department.MINORCredits (12)12 In Philosophy, at least 6 of which must be at the 300 or 400level, and no more than 3 of which can be at the 100 level.Courses in PhilosophyPHI 166: Philosophy of Freedom. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examinationof a broad range of philosophic questions whose unifyingtheme is the idea of freedom. Topics may include liberationstrategies for both individuals and social groups, freedom as anultimate category or value, and the concept of freedom presentin most modern philosophies.PHI 168: Philosophy of Contemporary Music. 3 hours, 3 credits.A critical examination from a philosophic point of view of contemporarygenres of music. Topics may include a philosophicanalysis of the meaning and value of forms, such as rap music,within their cultural contexts and in relation to the larger Americansociety.PHI (BLS)169: Introduction to African Philosophy. 3 hours,3 credits. Introduction to African philosophy from a multiculturalpoint of view. Emphasis on ancient, traditional, and modernAfrican philosophies.PHI 170: Introduction to Logic. 3 hours, 3 credits. An introductionto logical analysis covering propositional logic, syllogisticinference, deductive techniques, probability and statistical inference,scientific method, language and logic, definition, andmeaning.PHI 171: Problems of Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introductionto philosophic thinking via a discussion of questions suchas "How should I live?," "What is the truth about reality?," and"Can God's existence be known?"PHI 172: Contemporary Moral Issues. 3 hours, 3 credits. Fundamentalethical theories and their applications to current moralissues, such as capital punishment, abortion, sexual equality,economic justice, and issues in medical and other professionalethics.PHI 173: Justice and Society. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of freedom,justice, and order, and the primary conflicts among them.PHI 174: Theories of Human Nature. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thecontrast between traditional religiously based views of humannature and the post-Darwinian views based within the frameworkof modern science.PHI 175: Philosophy of Religion. 3 hours, 3 credits. Philosophicstudy of the foundations of religious beliefs and practices. Considerationof concepts such as God, the divine, the soul, immortality,and human destiny; of traditional proofs and disproofs ofthe existence of God; of the differences between faith and belief;and of the nature of religious language.Note: All 200-level PHI courses carry the following PREREQ: Eitherone 100-level PHI course or instructor's permission.PHI 221: Ethical Issues in Computing and Technology.3 credits, 3 credits. Introduction to ethical systems and ethicaldecision making with reference to issues arising in computingand the use of technology. Topics chosen from among the following:privacy, consumer information, free speech, wiretapping,encryption, policies, open access to technology, computercrime, software protection, and hacking. PREREQ: 30 collegecredits.PHI (WST) 225: Philosophy and Gender. 3 hours, 3 credits.Conceptions of gender from the classical to the modern period.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 173

PHI 229: Critical Reasoning. 3 hours, 3 credits. An intensive studyof reasoning patterns as they occur in explanatory and justificatorydiscourse typical of the various liberal arts and sciences. Exerciseswill be taken from a number of disciplines and from such examsas the L.S.A.T., M.C.A.T., and G.R.E. No previous study of logic isrequired. PREREQ: Successful completion of a 200-level (orabove) course in any of the liberal arts or sciences or of a distributioncourse in at least four of the seven areas.PHI 230: Symbolic Logic. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction to thetechniques and applications of modern deductive logic; a developmentof formal systems of propositional and quantificationallogic. Note: PHI 230 is not recommended to students who have completedfewer than 30 college credits unless they have particular competencein logic, mathematics, or philosophy.PHI 231: Language, Meaning, and Knowledge. 3 hours,3 credits. Introduction to the philosophical study of languageand meaning. Methods employed and problems encountered inthe analysis of both constructed and natural languages will beexamined.PHI 232: Classical Ethical Theories. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examinationof ethical theories chosen from the works of Plato, Aristotle,Hobbes, Spinoza, Butler, Hume, Kant, Bentham, Mill, and others.PHI 233: Aesthetics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Some of the central problemsin understanding the nature of art and our appreciation ofart. These problems include the relevance of the artist's activitiesto the understanding and criticism of art; meaning, truth, andvalue in the arts; and the nature and uses of criticism.PHI 234: Philosophy of Law. 3 hours, 3 credits. Philosophicalstudy of legal concepts and legal reasoning. Topics to be examinedinclude the logic structure of law, the problems of naturallaw and justice, and the grounds of laws.PHI 235: Political Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits. An inquiry intobasic questions of political philosophy, such as concepts of democracy,legitimacy, political freedom, and the role of politics ina good society. Selected political ideologies from classical and/orcontemporary sources will be discussed.PHI 236: Social Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits. An inquiry intothe nature of the good society. Questions such as the structureand legal systems in the good society may be considered.PHI 237: Issues in the Philosophy of Religion. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of selected issues in the philosophy of religion,such as the relationship between religion and science, the possibilityof specifically religious truth, and arguments concerningthe infinite.PHI 238: Asian Philosophies. 3 hours, 3 credits. Survey of philosophicaland religious doctrines in the Orient, with emphasison such viewpoints as Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.PHI 239: Philosophical Ideas in Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of the relations between philosophy and literature, themode of existence of a literary work of art and its sources in theimagination, and how philosophical ideas are embodied inliterature. Selected classics of world literature, ancient and modern,are carefully read and analyzed.PHI 240: Philosophy of History. 3 hours, 3 credits. Readingsfrom classical and contemporary philosophers of history. Philosophicproblems raised by the study of history are emphasized.Among these are problems about the nature and limits ofhistorical knowledge, the nature of historical explanation, andthe relationships between history and other disciplines.PHI 241: Existentialism and Phenomenology. 3 hours, 3 credits.Elementary study of some of the major doctrines.PHI 242: History of Philosophy I: Ancient. 3 hours, 3 credits.Intensive reading and critical examination of some of the principalwritings of major thinkers of the Western philosophicaltradition. Emphasis on Plato and Aristotle.PHI 243: History of Philosophy II: Modern. 3 hours, 3 credits.Intensive reading and critical examination of some of the principalwritings of major thinkers of the Western philo-sophicaltradition. Emphasis on Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Locke, Berkeley,Hume, and Kant.PHI 244: History of Philosophy III: Contemporary. 3 hours,3 credits. Intensive reading and critical examination of some ofthe principal writings of major thinkers since Kant. Emphasiswill be placed on the development of pragmatism and logicalpositivism, but other schools of thought will be considered.PHI 245: American Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits. The pivotalwriting of philosophers such as Peirce, James, Royce, Santayana,Whitehead, Dewey, and Lewis.PHI 246: Philosophies of the Self. 3 hours, 3 credits. Classicaland modern conceptions of human nature. Questions include:Is there a universal human nature? How is it to be defined andexplored? What is consciousness? What is the self? What is reason?How are reason and the emotions related?PHI 247: Environmental Ethics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Philosophicalreflection upon issues arising from a consideration of environmentalproblems confronting humanity. Topics that might beconsidered include whether we have obligations to future generations,other species, and ecosystems. If ethical conceptsshould be extended to include nature, are there viable alternativesto our current practices of using, exploiting, and dominatingnature?PHI 250: Contemporary Social Ethics. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Examination of selected major ethical problemsconfronting modern society. Topics to be considered will varyfrom semester to semester and may include the ethical aspects ofabortion, social justice, racism, sexism, poverty, the environment,medical ethics, and animal rights.PHI 265: Special Topics in Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum to 6 credits). Various topics in Philosophy.PHI 281: Readings in Philosophy. One semester, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Topics to be arranged between student andinstructor.Note: All 300-level PHI courses carry the following PREREQ: Satisfactorycompletion of 30 college credits, including one 200-level PHI course.PHI (ACU) 315: Philosophical Thought before Socrates.3 hours, 3 credits. The development of speculative, rhetorical, andethical literature in Greece from earliest times to the period ofSocrates. Special attention will be given to those factors whichcontributed to the basis of the Socratic method of inquiry.PHI 330: Business Ethics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Social responsibilitiesof business organizations. Analysis of ethical, moral, andsocial issues stemming from the interaction of individuals, businesses,and government. PREREQ: BBA 304, BUS 304, or Departmentalpermission.PHI (BLS) (SOC) 338: Race and Ethnicity in Society. 3 hours,3 credits. Perspectives on race and ethnic relations in the UnitedStates and other societies.174 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

PHI 342: Capitalism and Its Critics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Defendersand critics of capitalism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.Philosophical consideration of liberalism, Marxism, anarchism,socialist-feminism, and the radical ecology movement.PHI 343: Philosophy of Technology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Philosophicalissues concerning the relationship between human beingsand technology. Issues to be discussed include: What is technology?What is its proper role in human affairs? How should technologicalchange be evaluated?PHI 350: Logical Theory. 3 hours, 3 credits. General introductionto the theory of formal axiomatic systems, proof of the soundness,completeness, and consistency of some axiomatic systemsof logic; decision problems and independence; some topics inthe semantics of formalized languages; and many-valued andmodal logics.PHI 351: Logic and Language. 3 hours, 3 credits. Investigation ofsome of the relations between language and logic.PHI 352: Probability and Induction. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introductionto several theories of scientific inference, the weighing ofevidence, probability, and inductive inference.PHI 353: Philosophy of Science. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introductorycourse in which emphasis is placed on the clarification of pivotalconcepts common to the empirical sciences. In particular, conceptssuch as explanation, confirmation, prediction, systematization,and empirical significance will be introduced. Therelationship of uses of these concepts to the structure of scientifictheory will receive close attention.PHI (SOC) 354: Philosophy of the Social Sciences. 3 hours,3 credits. Study of some of the problems involved in the socialsciences. Possible topics include the structure of theories in thesocial sciences, methods of inquiry, the nature of human action,and the relationship between knowledge in the social and naturalsciences.PHI 355: Theory of Knowledge. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examinationof some main problems in epistemology and of the varioussolutions that have been proposed.PHI 356: Metaphysics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of somemain problems in metaphysics and of the various solutions thathave been proposed.PHI 358: Ethical Theory. 3 hours, 3 credits. Intensive examinationof the theoretical problems involved in the construction ofa moral philosophy.PHI 359: Philosophical Problems in Legal Theory. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 6 credits). The course will examine selectedproblems such as abortion, capital punishment, civil disobedience,punishment, and population control, through a philosophicalanalysis of topics in legal theory, such as legal causation,evidence, jurisdiction, and human rights.PHI 360: Philosophical Aspects of Liberation Movements.3 hours, 3 credits. This course will consider the philosophicalaspects of various liberation movements. Topics such as ThirdWorld liberation, women’s liberation, or human liberation maybe discussed in light of various philosophic theories of consciousness.PHI 361: Nineteenth-Century Continental Philosophy. 3 hours, 3credits. This course will closely examine one or more of the mainfigures in nineteenth-century Continental philosophy.PHI (HCU) 363: Introduction to Jewish Philosophy. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: Either satisfactory completion of 45 collegecredits or Departmental permission.PHI 365: Special Topics in Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum to 6 credits). Various topics in Philosophy.Note: With the exception of PHI (CLT) 481 and 482, all 400- levelPHI (CLT) courses carry the following PREREQ: Either three PHI(CLT) courses (200- or 300-level) or instructor's permission.PHI 450: Topics in Logic, the Philosophy of Language, or thePhilosophy of Mathematics. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).Intensive examination of some main problems in the foundationof logic, language, or mathematics.PHI 451: Topics in Either Epistemology or the Philosophy ofScience. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Either intensiveexamination of some main problems in the theory of belief andthe structure of appearance or intensive examination of somemain problems in the foundations of empirical science.PHI 452: Topics in Metaphysics. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum6 credits). Intensive study of problems concerning the fundamentalcharacter of reality. The major categories of being, theproblems of philosophical theology, and the concepts of theindividual, the self, the mind, and power will be among thetopics treated.PHI 453: Topics in Either Ethics or Aesthetics. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Intensive study of selected problems inethics or aesthetics.PHI 454: Topics in Political and Social Philosophy or thePhilosophy of History. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).Intensive examination of the main problems in either politicaland social philosophy or philosophy of history.PHI 455: Topics in the History of Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits.Intensive study of selected texts by one or more of the majorfigures in the history of philosophy. (May be repeated for creditwith the permission of the Chair or instructor.)PHI 461: Contemporary Analytic Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits.Intensive study of the writings of Moore, Russell, Carnap, Wittgenstein,and others.PHI 462: Seminar in Philosophy and Social Policy. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 9 credits). Examination of various theories ofsocial policy and the application of these theories in selectedareas. Application of utilitarianism, democracy, and the idea of asocial contract to policy areas such as technology and risk, theenvironment, the law, foreign policy, civil rights, education, andthe family.PHI 465: Special Topics in Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum to 6 credits). Various topics in Philosophy.PHI (CLT) 481: Readings in Philosophy. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 9 credits). Topics to be arranged between the studentand instructor. PREREQ: Chair's permission.PHI 482: Honors Tutorial. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).Topics to be arranged between the student and instructor.PREREQ: Chair’s permission.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 175

Physics and AstronomyChair and Adviser: Eugene Chudnovsky (Gillet Hall, Room 229)Department Faculty: Distinguished Professor: Eugene Chudnovsky;Professors: Christopher C. Gerry, John R. Gillespie, Dimitra Karabali;Senior College Laboratory Technician: Elpidio JiménezThe Department of Physics and Astronomy prepares students forpositions in government and industry and for graduate study inphysics and related fields. Students in the Department may chooseeither a 36-credit major leading to a B.A. degree or a 55- creditmajor leading to a B.S. degree. The Department also offers a varietyof basic courses designed for general education and for studentsin other departments, and cooperates with the Departmentof Middle and High School Education in preparing students toteach physics in secondary schools.The Department of Physics and Astronomy also administers thePre-engineering Transfer Program. See the description of therequirements for this program earlier in this Bulletin, in thechapter entitled “Baccalaureate Programs.”Programs36-CREDIT MAJOR IN PHYSICS, B.A.The B.A. Program in Physics is designed for students who, althoughnot planning a career in physics research and/or college/university-levelteaching, have a strong interest in physicalscience, particularly physics, and wish to prepare for a career inwhich a good basic knowledge of physics is useful. Among suchcareers are the health professions, elementary and secondaryschool science teaching, patent-law practice, industrial management,and science journalism.Credits (36)24 In required PHY courses: in one of the following threecombinations:10 credits in PHY 166-167 and 14 credits in additionalPHY courses;or10 credits in PHY 168-169, with chair's permission, and 14credits in additional PHY courses;or9 credits in PHY 135 and 167, with chair's permission, and15 credits in additional PHY courses12 In required mathematics courses: MAT 175-176 and MAT 22655-CREDIT MAJOR IN PHYSICS, B.S.The B.S. degree program in Physics is designed for students whoare planning a career in physics research and/or college- anduniversity-level teaching. Any student following this programmay select the B.A. degree instead of the B.S. degree.The minimum of 55 required credits is distributed among thefollowing courses: (Students receiving credit toward a major inPhysics for either PHY 166 or 168 may not also receive credit forPHY 135.)Credits (55)37 In required PHY courses: in one of the following combinations:25 credits: [PHY 168 (5), 169 (5), 251 (3), 300 (4),301 (4), 302 (4)] and 12 credits in additional PHYcourses; or, with Chair's permission, 23 credits: [PHY 166(5), 167 (5), 251 (3), 300 (4), 301 (4), 302 (4)] and 12credits in additional PHY courses; or, with Chair's permission,24 credits: [PHY 135 (4) and 167 (5), 251 (3), 300(4), 301 (4), 302 (4)] and 13 credits in additional PHYcourses18 In mathematics courses: MAT 175-176 (8), MAT 226 (4),and two additional 3-credit MAT courses.THE MINOR IN PHYSICSA minor in Physics consists of either PHY 166 and 167 or PHY168 and 169, and at least 12 credit-hours of courses at the 200level or above.PREPARATION FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHINGStudents preparing to teach physics and general science at thesecondary level are advised to supplement the minimum physicsconcentration with courses in astronomy, biology, chemistry,geology, and education, including ESC 419 (Methods of TeachingScience in Secondary School), which is offered by the Departmentof Middle and High School Education. ThatDepartment, as well as the Office of the Dean of Education(Carman Hall B-33, 718-960-4972), will also provide informationon certification requirements.COURSES IN HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIESSince the City College School of Engineering requires 14 to 21credits in these areas for graduation, such courses may be takenprofitably at Lehman College by pre-engineering students. Studentsexpecting to transfer to City College should note that theSchool of Engineering does not have any foreign language requirementfor graduation. Students who wish to enter this programshould see the pre-engineering adviser in the Departmentof Physics and Astronomy at Lehman College for advice on currentrequirements at colleges of engineering.176 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Courses in Physics*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.PHY 135: Fundamental Concepts and Methods of Physics.5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab), 4 credits. An introduction to some ofthe most significant ideas about the nature of the physical worldand the methods by which these ideas are developed and testedexperimentally, including Newtonian mechanics, conservationlaws, the kinetic-molecular theory of matter, electromagneticfields, light waves and interference, special relativity, generalrelativity, quantum mechanics, atoms, nuclei, and elementaryparticles.PHY 140: The Physics of Sound. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab),4 credits. Harmonic motion, waves, perception and measurementof sound, the physics of musical instruments and humanvoice, electrical reproduction of sound, acoustics of rooms, andenvironmental noise. No prerequisites. Note: Recommended forundergraduate students of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences tofulfill the requirements for A.H.S.A. certification. It is also appropriatefor students who are interested in the physics of music.PHY 145: Light and Color. 5 hours (3 lecture, 2 lab), 4 credits.Introduction to the nature of light and color and its applicationsin science, technology, and art. Light as an electromagnetic wavephenomenon, interference, geometrical optics, polarization, thelaser, holography, fiber optics, reproduction of sound with light,vision, visual illusions, color theory, light and color in natureand art.PHY 166: General Physics I. 6 hours (4, lecture; 2, lab), 5 credits.(Customarily taken by premedical, preveterinary, and predentalstudents.) Mechanics, heat, and sound. PREREQ: The completionof the College's Requirement in Mathematics. Note: Only one of thefollowing courses may be taken for credit: PHY 166 or 168.PHY 167: General Physics II. 6 hours (4, lecture; 2, lab), 5 credits.Electromagnetism, geometrical and physical optics, and introductionto modern physics. PREREQ: Either PHY 166 or 168; orPHY 135 and Departmental permission. Note: Only one of thefollowing courses may be taken for credit: PHY 167 or 169.PHY 168: Introductory Physics I. 7 hours (3, lecture; 2, recitation;2, lab), 5 credits. (Designed for those preparing for careers in thephysical sciences and engineering.) Motion, Newton's laws, workand energy, mechanics of rigid bodies, elasticity, mechanics offluids, temperature, heat, kinetic theory of matter, wave motion,and sound. PRE- or COREQ: MAT 175. Note: Only one of the followingcourses may be taken for credit: PHY 166 or 168.PHY 169: Introductory Physics II. 7 hours (3, lecture; 2, recitation;2, lab), 5 credits. Electrostatics, electrodynamics, geometricaland physical optics. PREREQ: PHY 168. PRE- OR COREQ: MAT176. Note: Only one of the following courses may be taken for credit:PHY 167 or 169.*PHY 215: Medical Physics. 5 hours (3, lecture; 2, lab), 4 credits.PREREQ: PHY 166 and 167 or PHY 168 and 169, or the equivalent(including courses in anatomy and physiology), with Departmentalapproval.PHY 251: Intermediate Physics Laboratory I. 4 hours, 2 credits.Individual experimentation in selected areas of physics and introductionto analysis of experimental data. PREREQ: EitherPHY 167 or 169 and MAT 175 and 176.PHY 300: Modern Physics. 4 hours, 4 credits. Relativity; fundamentalphysical processes at the atomic level; introductorySchrodinger quantum mechanics; introductory nuclear physics;atomic and nuclear models. PREREQ: Either PHY 167 or 169.PRE- or COREQ: MAT 175.PHY 301: Intermediate Electricity and Magnetism. 4 hours,4 credits. Electrostatics, dielectrics, magnetism and electromagneticinduction, magnetic properties of matter, D.C. and A.C.circuits, Maxwell's equations. PREREQ: Either PHY 167 or 169.PRE- or COREQ: MAT 226 or Departmental permission.PHY 302: Intermediate Mechanics. 4 hours, 4 credits. Dynamicsof a particle. The harmonic oscillator. The central force problem:planetary orbits. Dynamics of systems of particles: rotation ofrigid bodies. Accelerating coordinate systems. PREREQ: EitherPHY 167 or 169. PRE- OR COREQ: MAT 226 or Departmentalpermission.PHY 303: Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics. 4 hours,4 credits. First and second laws of thermodynamics, equation ofstate, entropy, and other concepts of thermodynamics, applicationsto heat engines, and thermal properties of gases, solutions,and solids; introduction to statistical mechanics. PREREQ: EitherPHY 167 or 169 and MAT 226.PHY 304: Optics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Reflection and refraction,interference, diffraction and polarization, lasers and holography.PREREQ: Either PHY 167 or 169, and MAT 175.PHY 305: Digital Electronics. 4 hours (2 lecture, 2 lab), 3 credits.Design of digital electronic circuits. Binary, octal, and hexadecimalnumber systems, Boolean algebra and logic gates, combinationallogic (adders, subtractors, etc.), synchronous sequentiallogic, registers, counters, memory units, digital integrated circuits.PREREQ: CMP 230 or CIS 166 or permission of the Department.*PHY (AST) 306: Astrophysics. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: EitherAST 116 or 136; either PHY 167 or 169; PHY 300 recommendedbut not required.PHY 307: Mathematical Physics. 4 hours, 4 credits. Vector calculus,matrix and tensor algebra, Fourier and Laplace transforms,complex variable theory, and solutions of differential equations.Applications to problems in physics. PREREQ: Either PHY 167or 169. PRE- or COREQ: MAT 226.PHY 310: Nuclear Physics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Systematics ofnuclei: nuclear levels, transitions, and decay modes. Models ofnuclear forces and structure. Quantum scattering theory andnuclear form factors. Methods of particle production, acceleration,and detection. Topics from nuclear astrophysics. PREREQ:PHY 166 and 167 or PHY 168 and 169; PHY 300 or Departmentalapproval.PHY 350: Intermediate Physics Laboratory II. 4 hours, 2 credits.Individual experimentation, with emphasis on modern experimentaltechniques. PREREQ: PHY 250 and 300.PHY 351: Intermediate Physics Laboratory III. 4 hours, 2 credits.PREREQ: PHY 350.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 177

PHY 355: Special Topics in Physics. 1-3 hours, 1-3 credits.Course content will be chosen from topics valuable to Physicsmajors or students from other departments. Topics to be coveredand number of hours and credits will be announced in advance.Can be taken repeatedly as long as course content is not thesame. PREREQ: Chair's permission.PHY 400: Introductory Quantum Mechanics. 3 hours, 3 credits.Wave and particle nature of matter and radiation. The uncertaintyprinciple. Operators and the Eigen-value equations;Schrodinger formulation; stationary states. Harmonic oscillatorand potential barrier problems. Angular momentum. Centralpotential and the hydrogen atom. Perturbation theory of energylevels. Spin and statistics. PREREQ: PHY 301. PRE- or COREQ:Either MAT 229 or 323.PHY 401: Solid State Physics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Principles ofcrystallography; crystal structure; reciprocal space; crystallinedefects. Lattice dynamics; phonon statistics and lattice specificheats. Thermal conduction. Electrons in metals; classical andquantized free electron theory. Band theory of solids. Dynamicsof electron motion. Superconductivity. Semiconductors. Dielectricand magnetic properties of solids. PREREQ: PHY 300 andMAT 226.*PHY 403: Theoretical Mechanics. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:PHY 302 and either MAT 229 or 323.*PHY 404: Electromagnetic Theory. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:PHY 301 and either MAT 229 or 323.PHY 489: Honors Course. One semester, 6 or 9 hours, 2 or 3credits (maximum 6 credits). Independent study or participationin a research project under faculty direction. PREREQ: PHY 350and Departmental permission.Courses in Astronomy*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.AST 117: Astronomy of Stellar Systems. 5 hours (3, lecture;2, lab), 4 credits. Stars, interstellar matter, and stellar systems.Pulsars and quasars. Introduction to modern theories of stellarevolution and cosmology.AST 136: Astronomy of the Solar System. 5 hours (3, lecture;2, lab—some evening lab hours), 4 credits. The sun and its planets,satellites, and comets. Laws of motion and gravitation. Techniquesof astronomical observation.AST 137: Solar Astronomy. 3 hours (3, lecture; several eveningobservations required), 3 credits. (Open only to students who enteredLehman prior to September 1984.) The sun and its planets,satellites, and comets. Laws of motion and gravitation. Techniquesof astronomical observation.AST 180: General Astronomy I. 3 hours, plus 2 hours additionallab/observation, 3 credits. (Closed to students who have takeneither AST 116 or 136.) Solar and stellar astronomy. PREREQ:One year of physics.AST 181: General Astronomy II. 3 hours, plus 2 hours additionallab/observation, 3 credits. (Closed to students who have takeneither AST 116 or 136.) Astrophysics, relativity, and moderncosmology. PREREQ: AST 180.*AST (PHY) 306: Astrophysics. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: EitherAST 116 or 136; either PHY 167 or 169; PHY 300 recommendedbut not required.178 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Political ScienceChair and Adviser: Donna Kirchheimer (Carman Hall, Room 358)Department Faculty: Professors: Ira Bloom, Stanley Renshon; AssociateProfessors: Young Kun Kim, Donna Kirchheimer; Assistant Professors:Tomohisa Hattori, Kevin PirchThe curriculum in Political Science is designed to enhance astudent's liberal arts education and to develop an understandingof government and the political process in the United States andthe world. Political Science is a flexible major that prepares studentsfor careers in law, government, public administration,teaching, journalism, public service, non-profit organizations,business, and labor organizations, as well as for advanced studyof government, politics, and international affairs.Careers in Government and Public Administration: Students interestedin government service or non-profit organizations shouldconsider courses in Group VI (Public Policy and Administration).Students with these career interests may pursue master'sdegrees in public administration (M.P.A.) in order to learn howpublic agencies (local, State, and Federal) and private organizationsoperate.Careers in Law: While no prescribed pre-law course of study isrequired for admission to law school, Political Science is thetraditional undergraduate major that most students select. Itshould be supplemented by courses in English (writing courses),philosophy, economics, and mathematics. The abilities to readand analyze complex material carefully and critically, to formand support independent judgments, and to communicate ideasin writing in a precise and cogent fashion are essential to successin law school. Pre-law students should carefully consider thecourses listed in Group V and courses in other departments, suchas PHI 229, 234, and 359; ENW 201 and 317; ECO 166 and167; and PSY 331.Teaching and Other Careers: The Political Science Departmentalso prepares students for careers in business, public service(local, national, and international), social research, practicalpolitics, journalism, and college teaching. Students interested insecondary or elementary school teaching would also find PoliticalScience an appropriate field of study. Contact the departmentsin the Division of Education or the Office of the Dean ofEducation for information on programs leading to New YorkState teacher certification.Internships: Internship opportunities are available to students inFederal, State, and city government. The Department offers asummer internship in Washington, D.C., that involves workwith legislators and other public officials. Lehman College creditis given for approved programs. Students may also spend onesemester in Albany on a paid internship organized by the NewYork State Legislature. Students receive credit for a full-timeprogram during the Spring semester and attend courses at thecampus of the State University of New York at Albany. In addition,a New York City Internship Program is offered by all seniorcolleges of The City University of New York (see POL 470 and471). Consult the Department for more information on any ofthese internships.Women's Studies Option: Political Science majors may specialize inthe Women's Studies program described later in this Bulletin.Programs39-CREDIT MAJOR IN POLITICAL SCIENCE, B.A.The distribution of credits between 33 credits (11 courses) inPolitical Science and 6 credits (2 courses) in other departmentsis as follows:Credits (39)9 Three required courses for all majors:POL 166: The American Political SystemPOL 245: Political Analysis and InterpretationOne course in political theory chosen from POL 226, 227,228, 319, 321, or 32224 Eight elective POL courses at the 200, 300, or 400 level.Students may choose any combination of courses in thesubfields of study covered in Political Science.6 Two courses in other departments, selected from ANT 211,ECO 166, ECO 167, ENW 201, or PHI 229REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN POLITICAL SCIENCEThe minor in Political Science consists of POL 166 plus 12 creditsin POL courses at the 200, 300, or 400 level.15-CREDIT MINOR IN GLOBAL STUDIES, B.A.(Not available to Political Science majors.)The distribution of credits is as follows:Credits (15)6 Two required courses for all minors:POL 240: International PoliticsPOL 241: Globalization9 Three elective POL courses selected from the following:POL 339: Human RightsPOL 343: International and Regional OrganizationsPOL 344: International LawPOL 345: Integration of the AmericasPOL 347: The Law of Diplomacy, Treaties, and WarPOL 348: International Conflict and Conflict ResolutionPOL 366: Global Political EconomyPOL 367: Political Economy of DevelopmentPOL 368: Global Environmental Politics18-CREDIT MINOR IN LAW AND GOVERNMENT, B.A.(Not available to Political Science majors.)The distribution of credits is as follows:Credits (18)9 Three required course for all minors:POL 166: The American Political SystemPOL 227: Modern Political PhilosophyPOL 302: The Judiciary9 Three elective courses selected from the following:POL 301: Legislative PoliticsPOL 303: Constitutional Law: Government Structures andPowersPOL 304: Constitutional Law: Personal Rights and LibertiesPOL 312: JurisprudencePOL 344: International LawNote: At least one of POL 303 or 304 must be chosen.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 179

Courses in Political SciencePOL 150: Contemporary Political Issues. 3 hours, 3 credits. Anexamination of key domestic and international problems fromthe perspective of political science. (This course cannot becounted toward the Political Science concentration.)POL 166: The American Political System. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thetheory and practice, and the form and substance, of Americangovernment and politics.POL 172: Great Political Thinkers. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study ofthe philosophical foundations of political thought. (This coursecannot be counted toward the Political Science concentration.)POL 211: Public Policy. 3 hours, 3 credits. The institutions andthe political systems involved in selected areas of policy making.Discussion of the behavior and influence of the various participants.Analysis and prediction of both governmental and nongovernmentalaction in the policy process.POL 217: Criminal Justice. 3 hours, 3 credits. Roles of politicalbodies and court decisions affecting criminal incarceration, punishment,and rehabilitation and more general principles of dueprocess, freedom, and justice. Interactions between criminal justicepersonnel and agencies and broader political systems.POL (RUS) 220: Russia Today. 3 hours, 3 credits. An introductionto life in Russia and neighboring countries of the formerSoviet Union that explores the politics, society, history, andculture of Eurasia today through a multidisciplinary approach,using a variety of media and materials.POL 226: Classical and Medieval Political Philosophy. 3 hours,3 credits. Critical study of political philosophy from Plato toMachiavelli.POL 227: Modern Political Philosophy. 3 hours, 3 credits. Criticalstudy of political philosophy since Machiavelli.POL 228: Democracy and Its Critics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Argumentsfor and against constitutional democracy, and an examinationof its inherent problems.POL 230: Immigration and Citizenship. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theimpact of U.S. immigration policy upon its politics and economy.The role of migration in globalizing politics and economy.Changing notions of citizenship in the age of globalization,including controversies regarding the rights of citizens and noncitizens,particularly in times of national crisis. Topics include:economic interests of immigrants, politics of change in immigrationlaw, and the implications of globalization for citizenshipand integration.POL 240: International Politics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theory andpractice in international relations. The tools used by nationstatesto achieve their international policy goals under conditionsof cooperation and conflict.POL 241: Globalization. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction to thepolitical history of globalization. Historical changes in the national,corporate, and individual pursuit of power and wealth.Global flows of trade, migration, and information technology.The effects of globalization on nation-states.POL 245: Political Analysis and Interpretation. 3 hours,3 credits. Introduction to the methods of gathering and interpretingdata for political science courses. Focus on reading, understanding,and analyzing graphs and charts. Ways to gather, select,and present data. PREREQ: POL 166 and the completion of theCollege Mathematics Requirement. Note: Students are advised to useMAT 132 to satisfy the College Mathematics Requirement.POL (SOC) 246: Sociological Analysis. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits. Logic and procedures of modern sociological analysis,with computer applications. PREREQ: SOC 166 or POL 166.POL 265: Topics in Political Science. 3 hours, 3 credits. (May berepeated when topics change. Maximum 6 credits.) Selected topics ofcontemporary significance.POL 266: Politics and Culture. 3 hours, 3 credits. Impact ofcultural ideals and practices on political institutions, and onpolitical conflict and cooperation among nationalities, races,classes, genders, and tribal, ethnic, and religious groups.POL 268: Introduction to Comparative Politics. 3 hours,3 credits. An introductory comparison of the organization andoperation of selected political systems, representing the liberaldemocraticWest, the socialist world, and the emerging nationsof the underdeveloped world.POL 299: Law, Computers, and the Internet: The Politics ofInformation Technology. 3 hours, 3 credits. The influence andimpact of politics, policy, and law as government and societygrapple with issues raised by advances in computing and by theincreasing pervasiveness of the Internet. Among the issues thatwill be studied is whether advances in information technologywill enhance or curtail democracy, as reflected in controversiesabout privacy and electronic surveillance.POL 300: The American Presidency. 3 hours, 3 credits. The developmentand contemporary importance of the presidency as afocus for decision making in the conduct of domestic and foreignaffairs. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 301: Legislative Politics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Policy makingin Congress, with emphasis on the interaction of private andpublic agencies. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 302: The Judiciary. 3 hours, 3 credits. The contemporaryrole of the judiciary as a part of the decision-making process inAmerican public policy, with an analysis of the various levels ofFederal and state judicial systems in terms of (1) input: judicialrecruitment, judicial policy making, and relations between nationaland state court systems; (2) implementation: relation toother national and state policy makers and problems of compliancewith court decisions; and (3) problems of our judicial systemand the chances for change. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 303: Constitutional Law: Government Structures and Powers.3 hours, 3 credits. Supreme Court decisions bearing on the extentof judicial, legislative, and executive power; federalism, and propertyrights and economic liberties. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 304: Constitutional Law: Personal Rights and Liberties.3 hours, 3 credits. Supreme Court decisions bearing on equality,procedural due process of law, and First Amendment freedoms.PREREQ: POL 166.POL 305: Public Administration. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Recommendedfor students considering government and civil servicepositions.) The operations of government agencies and otherlarge organizations dealing with public policy. The effect of suchagencies on their employees and the public at large. PREREQ:POL 166.POL 306: Political Parties, Campaigns, and Elections. 3 hours,3 credits. The changing role of political parties in modern Americangovernment. Strategy and financing of modern politicalcampaigns. Significance of elections for public representationand accountability. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 307: Political Power in America. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thestructure and operations of interest groups in U.S. public life,with emphasis on the relative power and influence of variousgroups, techniques of influencing public policy, and group impacton public policy and on the operation of the political system.PREREQ: POL 166.180 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

POL 308: American Foreign Policy. 3 hours, 3 credits. The making,administration, and control of foreign policy in the UnitedStates, with an analysis of the pressure exerted and the organs ofgovernment involved. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 309: State and Local Politics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Americanstate and local governments, in theory and in practice; emphasison federalism, state politics, and selected policy areas. Specialattention to New York State politics. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 310: Urban Politics and Government. 3 hours, 3 credits.Emergence of the modern city and of suburban sprawl, and theirpolitical impact. PREREQ: POL 166.POL (COM) 311: Freedom of Speech. 3 hours, 3 credits.Survey of the foundations and contemporary applications ofthe right to communicate and limitations on that right. Pertinentworks from Milton to Emerson and First Amendmentdecisions of the Supreme Court of the United States are examined.PREREQ: POL 166.POL 312: Jurisprudence. 3 hours, 3 credits. Nature and functionof law in modern states. Basic legal concepts such as right, duty,crime, and punishment; major theories of law. Examination ofhow basic legal concepts affect the political and legal processesin modern states. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 313: Political Issues in New York City. 3 hours, 3 credits.Government of the City of New York and issues affecting theCity today. Impact of economic and social forces on the politicalprocess. Analysis of groups that compete for power and the significanceof fiscal crisis. The City's relationship to the State andFederal governments and to a changing international economy.PREREQ: POL 166.POL 315: The Politics of American Poverty. 3 hours, 3 credits.The nature and extent of American poverty and the political,social, and economic factors that perpetuate it. Consideration ofpolicy alternatives to reduce poverty. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 316: Organizing an Election Campaign. 3 hours, 3 credits.A course in “practical politics,” analyzing strategies for attainingelective office on the local level. Students will construct a model of acomplete local campaign as a term project. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 317: The Politics of American Public Education. 3 hours,3 credits. The interaction among state, local, and national governmentsand interest groups, and their effect upon educationpolicy, including the purposes, structure, funding, standards,curriculum, and student populations of public schools. PREREQ:POL 166.POL 318: The Politics of Health. 3 hours, 3 credits. The natureand extent of healthcare and public policy in the United States.Means for achieving and methods of evaluation of public-policygoals related to health. The role of public and private sectors inthe shaping of health-oriented laws and regulations. PREREQ:POL 166.POL 319. Contemporary Political Thought. 3 hours, 3 credits.The major political doctrines and political thinkers in the contemporaryworld.POL 321: American Political Thought. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysisof the development and contemporary significance of basictrends in American thought, viewed in terms of such topics asthe nature of man, private property, the purpose and properorganization of the state, resistance, and a country's place inthe world.POL 322: Non-Western Political Thought. 3 hours, 3 credits.A selective survey of political thinking outside the Western politicaltradition.POL 323: Marxism. 3 hours, 3 credits. Main principles of Marxismin theory and practice.POL (SOC) 324: Sociology of Politics. 3 hours, 3 credits.An interdisciplinary course focusing on the substantive concernsof political science and employing theoretical perspectives developedin sociology. PREREQ: POL 166 and SOC 166.POL 325: Psychology and Politics. 3 hours, 3 credits. A coursefocusing on the substantive concerns of political science andemploying theories of individual and group behavior developedin psychology. PREREQ: POL 166.POL (SOC) 326: Political Socialization. 3 hours, 3 credits.An examination of the agents and channels of political socialization,such as the family, schools and colleges, youth subcultures,peers, media, and life experiences from childhood to earlyadulthood. The impact of various forms of political socializationon conventional and unconventional political attitudes, opinions,and activities. Special problems of political socialization,such as generational conflict, sexual differences in political orientations,impact of childhood learning on leaders and followers,and national, class, and other group differences. PREREQ:POL 166 and SOC 166.POL (ECO) 327: Comparative Labor Movements. 3 hours,3 credits. History, organization, government, and policies of unionismin the United States in comparison with labor movementsof other contemporary and recent cultures. PREREQ: POL 166.POL 329: Political Systems in Europe. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thegovernment and politics of European countries will be studiedcomparatively, with emphasis on regional integration and thedevelopment of constitutional democracy.POL 330: The Russian Political System. 3 hours, 3 credits. Governmentinstitutions and society in contemporary Russia. Problemsof political integration, economic growth, and the historyof Communism.POL (LAC) 332: Political Systems in Latin America. 3 hours,3 credits. Domestic institutions and foreign policies of selectedLatin American republics.POL 333: Political Systems in Africa. 3 hours, 3 credits. Colonialism,nationalism, and liberation movements in sub-SaharanAfrica. Problems of national integration in several African states.Africa's place in the world today.POL 334: Political Systems in the Middle East. 3 hours,3 credits. Domestic institutions and foreign policies of selectednations in the Middle East.POL 335: Major Asian Political Systems. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of China, Japan, and other selected Asian nations; theenduring and changing features of their political systems.POL (LAC) 336: Political Systems of Central America and theCaribbean. 3 hours, 3 credits. Domestic institutions and foreignpolicies of the Latin American and Caribbean states. The causes,circumstances, and effects of revolution and counterrevolution.POL 337: Public Opinion and Polling. 3 hours, 3 credits. Expandedinfluence of polls in modern American government andpolitics. Types and mechanisms of polls and their manipulationand interpretation. Mathematical foundations of polling. PRE-REQ: POL 166 and the completion of the College MathematicsRequirement. Note: Students are advised to use MAT 132 to satisfythe College Mathematics Requirement.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 181

POL 338: Nationalism and Challenges to National Unity.3 hours, 3 credits. The bases of nationalism and their variations incontemporary states. Analysis of ethnic, religious, regional, linguistic,and other loyalties threatening to undermine nationalunity. PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of 60 college credits.POL 339: Human Rights. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theories and practicesof human rights and their historical development in thecontext of globalization. Impact of human rights on local andglobal social movements. Significance of human rights activismat home and abroad. PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of 45college credits.POL 340: Law in Action. 3 hours, 3 credits. The use of the courtsas a political instrument to improve social and economic conditions.Study of recent cases in such selected fields as housing,health, employment, civil rights, and the environment. Impactand limitations of the courts. PREREQ: POL 166.POL (WST) 341: Women and Politics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Anexamination of the legal and political status of women in theUnited States and in other countries.POL (BLS) 342: African Americans in the Political System.3 hours, 3 credits. The role, influence, and impact of AfricanAmericans on the political process in the United States.POL 343: International and Regional Organizations. 3 hours,3 credits. The United Nations' system and other global and regionalorganizations.POL 344: International Law. 3 hours, 3 credits. The nature,sources, principles, and rules of international law in the frameworkof the nation-state system.POL 345: Integration of the Americas. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thecooperation, dissent, and power relations in the process of economicand political integration. The implications of the SouthAmerican Common Market, the Caribbean Community andCommon Market, and the Free Trade Area of the Americas,among others, for inter-American relations. PREREQ: Satisfactorycompletion of 45 college credits.POL (SOC) 346: Methods of Social Research. 4 hours, 3 credits.Basic procedures for conducting social research. Considerationof the strategies of research design and elements of datagatheringtechniques. PREREQ: SOC 246.POL 347: The Law of Diplomacy, Treaties, and War. 3 hours,3 credits. International law applied specifically to questions ofpeace keeping, negotiation, rights of aliens and foreign diplomats,and the law of war. Recent developments in treaty law,treaty making, and regulating the use of force, the control ofweapons, and the trials of war criminals. PREREQ: Either POL334 or instructor’s permission.POL 348: International Conflict and Conflict Resolution.3 hours, 3 credits. Forms and levels of violence in domestic andinternational conflicts. Factors leading to the outbreak of armedconflicts among states and between the state and non-state actors,such as terrorists, insurgents, and refugees. Prevention andescalation of violence and the resolution of conflict. PREREQ:Satisfactory completion of 60 college credits.POL 365: Special Problems in Political Science. 3 hours,3 credits. (May be repeated when content is different. Maximum 6credits.) An advanced topical course that addresses significantissues in political science.POL 366: Global Political Economy. 3 hours, 3 credits. Conceptsand principles of political economy, with a focus on the politicaleconomy of growth in the contemporary world.POL 367: Political Economy of Development. 3 hours, 3 credits.History of world-wide industrial development. Theories andpolicies of international development. Global impact of economicgrowth and stagnation on the unequal distribution ofpower and wealth. PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of 45 collegecredits.POL 368: Global Environmental Politics. 3 hours, 3 credits.Examination of institutions and structures of global environmentalpolitics. Impact of environmental organizations andmultilateral environmental and trade agreements on globalenvironment and its governance. Emerging environmental inequalitiesbetween industrialized and industrializing regions.PREREQ: Satisfactory completion of 45 college credits.POL 389: Political Research Laboratory. 3 hours, 3 credits.POL 451: Selected Problems in Political Science. 3 hours,3 credits (maximum 12 credits). PREREQ: One relevant 200- or300-level course and Departmental permission.POL (SOC) 470: Seminar and Internship Program in NewYork City Government. One or two semesters, each 4 credits. Studentsattend weekly seminars on problems of New York City governmentand serve from eight to ten hours a week asadministrative assistants in New York City government offices andagencies. PREREQ: Chair's permission. Note: POL 470 is offered incooperation with other senior colleges of The City University.POL 471: Seminar and Internship Program in Law. One or twosemesters, each 4 credits. (Limited enrollment.) Students attend aweekly seminar on legal problems and serve from eight to tenhours a week as legal interns. The seminar provides a structuredprogram to relate individual student experiences to one anotherand to broaden intellectual issues. The internships are generallyin areas in which lawyers are particularly understaffed, e.g., inLegal Aid offices, social service agencies related to courts, complaintbureaus of consumer affairs agencies, and investigativeoffices of district attorneys. PREREQ: Instructor's permission.RECOMMENDED: One or more law-oriented courses.POL 478: Political Science Senior Research Seminar. 3 hours,3 credits.POL 481: Honors Tutorial. 3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits).An opportunity for outstanding seniors to carry out individualresearch projects under faculty direction. PREREQ:Departmental permission.182 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Courses in Political Science Grouped by Area of StudyGROUP I: AMERICAN POLITICSPOL 166: The American Political SystemPOL 300: The American PresidencyPOL 301: Legislative PoliticsPOL 302: The JudiciaryPOL 306: Public Opinion, Parties, and ElectionsPOL 307: Political Power in AmericaPOL 308: American Foreign PolicyPOL 309: State and Local PoliticsPOL 316: Organizing an Election CampaignPOL (BLS) 342: African Americans in the Political SystemGROUP II: POLITICAL THEORY AND METHODS OFPOLITICAL ANALYSISPOL 226: Classical and Medieval Political PhilosophyPOL 227: Modern Political PhilosophyPOL 228: Democracy and Its CriticsPOL (SOC) 246: Sociological AnalysisPOL 319: Contemporary Political ThoughtPOL 321: American Political ThoughtPOL 322: Non-Western Political ThoughtPOL 323: MarxismPOL (SOC) 324: Sociology of PoliticsPOL 325: Psychology and PoliticsPOL (SOC) 326: Political SocializationGROUP III: COMPARATIVE POLITICS AND AREA STUDIESPOL (RUS) 220: Russia TodayPOL 268: Introduction to Comparative PoliticsPOL (ECO) 327: Comparative Labor MovementsPOL 329: Political Systems in EuropePOL 330: The Russian Political SystemPOL (LAC) 332: Political Systems in Latin AmericaPOL 333: Political Systems in AfricaPOL 334: Political Systems in the Middle EastPOL 335: Major Asian Political SystemsPOL (LAC) 336: Political Systems of Central America and theCaribbeanPOL 338: Nationalism and Challenges to National UnityPOL (WST) 341: Women and PoliticsGROUP IV: INTERNATIONAL POLITICSPOL 230: Immigration and CitizenshipPOL 240: International PoliticsPOL 266: Politics and CulturePOL 343: International and Regional OrganizationsPOL 345: Regional IntegrationPOL 346: International Conflict and Conflict ResolutionsPOL 366: Global Political EconomyGROUP V: LAW AND POLITICSPOL 217: Criminal JusticePOL 299: Law, Computers, and the Internet: The Politics ofInformation TechnologyPOL 303: Constitutional Law: Government Structures & PowersPOL 304: Constitutional Law: Personal Rights and LibertiesPOL (COM) 311: Freedom of SpeechPOL 312: JurisprudencePOL 340: Law in ActionPOL 344: International LawPOL 347: The Law of Diplomacy, Treaties, and WarPOL 471: Seminar and Internship Program in LawGROUP VI: PUBLIC POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIONPOL 211: Public PolicyPOL 305: Public AdministrationPOL 310: Urban Politics and GovernmentPOL 313: Political Issues in New York CityPOL 314: Politics and the Quality of LifePOL 315: The Politics of American PovertyPOL 317: The Politics of American Public EducationPOL 318: The Politics of HealthPOL (SOC) 470: Seminar and Internship in New York City GovernmentSPECIAL AND HONORS WORK IN POLITICAL SCIENCEPOL 265: Topics in Political SciencePOL 365: Special Problems in Political SciencePOL 389: Political Research LaboratoryPOL 451: Selected Problems in Political SciencePOL 478: Political Science Senior Research SeminarPOL 481: Honors TutorialLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 183

PsychologyChair and Adviser: Alan Kluger (Gillet Hall, Room 113)Department Faculty: Professors: Alan Kluger, Fred D. Phelps, Karyl B.Swartz; Associate Professors: Jean Bresnahan, John McDonald, VincentProhaska, Kevin Sailor, Suzanne Yates; Assistant Professors:Keith Happaney, Xiangdong Jia, Humberto Lizardi, David Manier,Ruby S.C. Phillips, Anne ReidThe undergraduate program in Psychology is intended to servethree principal objectives: (1) to contribute to the liberal educationof all students by providing an understanding of psychologyas a science and as a profession; (2) to provide an understandingof psychological principles and techniques for those studentsinterested in work in other behavioral and social sciences and inprofessional fields such as education, social work, and medicine;and (3) to establish a sound foundation for those planning topursue graduate studies in psychology that can lead to careers incollege teaching, scientific research, clinical psychology, andschool psychology or to professional work in industry, government,and social agencies.Programs35-CREDIT MAJOR IN PSYCHOLOGY, B.A.Students are required to consult with Department advisers forguidance and approval of course selection. The required coursesand credits are distributed as follows:Credits (35)14 In required courses: PSY 166 (3), 226 (4), 305 (4), and 348 (3)6 One 3-credit course from each of two of the following threeoptions:Option 1: PSY 217, 218, or 219Option 2: PSY 234 or 320Option 3: PSY 240 or 3306 One 3-credit course from each of two of the following threeoptions:Option 1: PSY 310 or 245Option 2: PSY 314 or 317Option 3: PSY 316 or 3669 In additional PSY courses: Three 200-, 300-, or 400-levelPsychology coursesStudents planning to pursue graduate study in psychology andrelated fields should consult with Department faculty. The Departmentencourages students to participate in faculty researchprograms.DEPARTMENTAL HONORSStudents who wish to qualify for Departmental honors are requiredto take PSY 495: Honors Research in Psychology.MINOR IN PSYCHOLOGYThe minor consists of four courses, of which at least two must beat the 300 level or above. Note that PSY 166, a prerequisite to allcourses in the minor, cannot be counted toward the minor.CAREERS IN MENTAL HEALTHThose students who are interested in preparing for careers inmental health professions, such as clinical and community psychology,psychiatry, social work, guidance, and rehabilitationcounseling, should consult with Department faculty.WOMEN'S STUDIES OPTIONSee the description of this program contained later in this Bulletin.PRIMATE BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTIONSee the description of this track within the “Interdepartmental Concentrationin Anthropology” contained earlier in this bulletin.Courses in PsychologyPSY 135: Psychology of Personal Adjustment. 3 hours, 3 credits.Application of psychological concepts to everyday life, with afocus on the description and understanding of human behavior.Includes topics such as personality, normal and abnormal behavior,and adjustment to stress. Note: This course does not fulfilldistribution requirements or requirements for a major or minor inPsychology.PSY 166: General Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction tothe fundamental concepts and methods of modern psychology.Consideration of the scientific basis of psychology and of thesignificant problems in the areas of learning, motivation, emotion,individual differences, physiological bases of behavior,perception, developmental processes, personality, and socialbehavior. Note: There is a research requirement for this course thatstudents can fulfill either by writing about their participation as asubject in approved studies or by writing their reactions to approvedarticles or colloquia.Note: All of the following PSY courses carry PSY 166 as a prerequisite.Additional Prerequisites are indicated where appropriate.PSY 201: Science and Practice of Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Awriting-intensive course in which students will gain experience inlocating, reading, understanding, and evaluating primary empiricalresearch from the various sub-fields within psychology andlearn to use standard A.P.A. format in writing research reports, casestudies, progress reports, and review papers.PSY (WST) 209: Psychology of Women. 3 hours, 3 credits. Surveyof empirical and theoretical issues regarding the psychologyof women, dynamics of personality, and inherent and learnedfactors influencing their behavior.PSY 217: Child Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Consideration oftheories, research findings, and methodology with respect tophysical growth, sensorimotor, emotional, cognitive, perceptualconceptual,language, and intellectual development of the individualprior to adolescence.PSY 218: Psychology of Adolescence. 3 hours, 3 credits. Adolescenceas a transition between childhood and adulthood. Theoryand research on age-related changes, developmental tasks, androle in society. Topics include physical and cognitive development,self-concept and autonomy, family, school, and peer relations,the adolescent at risk.PSY 219: Psychology of Adulthood and Aging. 3 hours, 3 credits.Development from adulthood to the final stages of life. Theoryand research findings on age-related biological, cognitive, personality,and sensory changes. Topics include sex roles, parenting,family relationships, work, leisure, retirement, death, andbereavement.184 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

PSY 226: Statistical Methods in Psychology. 4 hours, 4 credits.Descriptive and inferential statistics and their applications to theanalysis and interpretation of psychological data. Among thetopics discussed are central tendency, variability, correlation andregression, hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, power analysis,and the relationship of research design to statistics. Handcalculators and computers will be introduced and utilizedthroughout the course as adjuncts to data analysis. PREREQ:MAT 104 or equivalent, any MAT course that has MAT 104 as aprerequisite, or Departmental permission.PSY 232: Childhood Psychopathology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Studyof the concept of abnormality as it applies to children and adolescents.Consideration of specific syndromes such as anxietydisorder, depression, A.D.H.D., conduct disorders, autism, andschizophrenia with regard to etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.PSY 234: Abnormal Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examinationof the concept of abnormality and of the major categories ofpsychopathology with regard to symptoms and diagnosis. Considerationof etiology and treatment of psychological disordersfrom psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, sociocultural,and biological perspectives.PSY 238: Environmental Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study ofthe relationship of the individual and the natural and “built environment.”Analysis of the psychological dimension of problemssuch as pollution, crowding, and energy conservation.PSY 240: Industrial/Organizational Psychology. 3 hours,3 credits. Survey of current research problems; practices in personnelselection and training; management; consumer, marketing,and advertising psychology.PSY 245: Psychological Testing and Assessment. 3 hours,3 credits. Basic concepts of psychological testing and assessment.Survey of the major methods of assessment and tests of generalability, aptitude, achievement, interest, and personality. Examinationof the contribution of psychological tests to applied psychologyand their role in contemporary society.PSY 248: Introduction to Primate Behavior Studies. 3 hours,3 credits. Overview of the Order Primates as a biological entity,with a focus on monkeys and apes. Methods for studying theirbehavior in captivity and in native habitats. Note: Course willinclude field trips to zoos and appropriate animal laboratories.PSY 305: Experimental Psychology I. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Theory and method of psychological experimentationand measurement as applied to the study of behavioral phenomena.Design and execution of selected experiments in suchareas as learning, thinking, motivation, personality, and socialbehavior. PREREQ: PSY 226.PSY 306: Experimental Psychology II. 6 hours (2, lecture; 4, lab),4 credits. Continuation of PSY 305, including such areas as sensationand perception, with emphasis on independent researchon selected topics. PREREQ: PSY 305.PSY 307: Research in Social Psychology. 6 hours (2, lecture;4 lab), 4 credits. Use of laboratory and field techniques in theinvestigation of social psychological topics, such as attitudes,conformity, social interaction, altruism, and ethics of research.Individual and group research projects in the laboratory and inthe community, where possible. PREREQ: PSY 226 and 330.PSY 308: Motivation and Emotion. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study ofmotives (hunger, sex, aggression, etc.) and emotions (anger,love, fear, etc.) as underlying causes of behavior.PSY 310: Psychology of Learning. 3 hours, 3 credits. Survey offundamental concepts, empirical findings, and theoretical issuesin animal and human learning. Topics include conditioning,extinction, reinforcement, generalization, discrimination, problemsolving, retention, and forgetting.PSY 314: Cognitive Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. A considerationof the manner in which humans process, code, and storeinformation. Current ideas and research pertaining to selectiveattention, short- and long-term memory, consciousness, and theconstructive nature of perception and thinking.PSY 316: Physiological Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. An introductionto the nervous system and its relation to the understandingof such psychological processes as sensation, perception,attention, learning, motivation, memory, arousal, sleep, anddreaming.PSY 317: Psychology of Sensation and Perception. 3 hours,3 credits. Review of the classic concepts of sensation and perception.Examination of each of the major senses, with emphasis onvision and hearing. Survey of modern perceptual formulationsand appraisal of current theories.PSY 318: Comparative Psychology and Ethology. 3 hours,3 credits. Comparative analysis of animal behavior, with specialemphasis on instinct, imprinting, and territoriality. Comparativeand ethological methods in the study of learning, aggression,sexual behavior, motivation, and social organization.PSY 319: Social and Emotional Development. 3 hours,3 credits. Social and emotional competencies from birth to earlyadulthood.PSY 320: Theories of Personality. 3 hours, 3 credits. Review ofthe major theories of personality development, including thepsychoanalytic, constitutional, behavioral, and biosocial.PSY 326: Advanced Statistical Methods in Psychology. 3 hours,3 credits. Comprehensive treatment of selected topics, includingexperimental design and nonparametric and multivariate techniques.PREREQ: PSY 226.PSY 328 (WST 348): Family Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Studyof the psychological dynamics affecting contemporary families,including family structures, development, communication patterns,disorders, and treatment approaches.PSY 330: Social Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Consideration oftheoretical approaches, research methodology, and findingspertinent to the study of individuals in their social context. Emphasisis given to attitude formation and change, interpersonalperception, group structure and processes, leadership, conformity,and communication.PSY 331: Psychology and the Law. 3 hours, 3 credits. The role ofpsychology in the legal process. Psychological issues in problemsof confidentiality; evidence and testimony; jury selection anddecision making; the insanity defense.PSY 335: Health Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Role of psychologicalfactors in health and illness. Topics include stress-relatedphysical disorders; psychological assessment in medical settings;prevention and treatment of illness; health attitudes; managementof pain; chronic and terminal illness.PSY 336: The Psychology of Ethnicity. 3 hours, 3 credits. The dynamicsof ethnic identification. The effect of psychological, physiological,cultural, demographic, and socialization factors associatedwith ethnicity on individual development and behavior.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 185

PSY 338: Community Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Considerationof the contributions of psychology to problems of socialintervention in community mental health centers, schools, andthe like. Review of various social intervention projects in orderto study present and possible future contributions of psychology.Attention will be given to ethical problems and interdisciplinaryrelationships.PSY 348: History of Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of theevolution of theory and methods in psychology as it has developedfrom its early philosophical roots to its present status as ascience and profession. The contributions of major individualsand theoretical systems and their influence on contemporarypsychology will be reviewed.PSY 350: Special Topics in Geropsychology. 3 hours, 3 credits.Examination of selected areas in the psychology of aging. Topicsto be announced each semester.PSY 366: Clinical Neuropsychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Considerationof the effects of brain damage on psychological functioning,with emphasis on impairments in perception, attention,emotion, memory, and language abilities.PSY 410: Learning Theory. 3 hours, 3 credits. Critical evaluationof the major theories of learning, stressing an examination ofrelevant research methodology and experimental data. PREREQ:PSY 310.PSY 415: Seminar in Theories of Developmental Psychology.3 hours, 3 credits. Research and theory concerning the developmentof human behavior from conception to death. Focus upondevelopmental research in the areas of cognitive, social andmoral, perceptual, physiological, and linguistic psychology.Consideration of major developmental concepts, such as stage,critical periods, and maturity, and of major developmental theorists,such as Piaget and Erikson.PSY 416: Seminar in Physiological Psychology. 3 hours,3 credits. Selected topics dealing with the physiological bases ofbehavior are studied in depth. Current literature in the field isemphasized. PREREQ: PSY 316 and instructor's permission.PSY 430: Seminar in Social Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examinationof the application of psychological concepts andresearch to contemporary social and cultural issues. PREREQ:PSY 330.PSY 433: Methods of Psychological Intervention. 3 hours,3 credits. Psychological intervention techniques: interviews,modes of counseling, behavioral- and psycho-therapies.PREREQ: 12 prior credits in Psychology, including PSY 234.PSY 434: Seminar in Abnormal Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits.Intensive consideration of current issues and research relevant toselected problem areas. PREREQ: PSY 234.PSY 440: Seminar in Psychological Services. 2 hours, 2 credits.Analysis of field experiences. COREQ: PSY 470.PSY 445: Seminar in Psychological Testing and Assessment.4 hours, 4 credits. Principles, applications, and contemporary issuesin psychological testing and assessment. Supervised administration,scoring, and interpretation of measures of general ability, aptitude,achievement, interest, and personality. Instruction in computerizedtesting applications. PREREQ: PSY 226.PSY 450: Advanced Seminar in Contemporary Issues in Psychology.3 hours, 3 credits. (Maximum 6 credits; only 3 credits maybe applied to requirements of the major.) Intensive analysis of experimentaland theoretical material on specific significant problemsof contemporary psychology. PREREQ: PSY 166 and 12additional PSY credits and permission of the instructor.PSY 470: Practicum in Psychological Services. Hours to be arranged,2-4 credits. Supervised placement in one of a variety ofoccupational settings in which the student may obtain firsthandexperience in the provision of psychological services to clients.PREREQ: PSY 333, 15 additional credits in psychology, andpermission of the instructor. Note: Students in the Specialization inPsychological Services may take a second semester of fieldwork withcredit toward completion of the specialization. Other students may bepermitted to repeat the course for elective credit only.PSY 485: Independent Study in Psychology. One semester, 3credits (maximum 6 credits; only 3 credits may be applied to requirementsof the major). Individual research project (e.g., lab, library,or community oriented), under the direction of a member of thePsychology faculty. Written report required for each semester ofwork. PREREQ: a 2.75 G.P.A., a 3.0 G.P.A. in Psychology, instructor'sand Departmental permission.PSY 495: Honors Research in Psychology. One semester, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). A preliminary outline for the student'sindependent research must be approved by a faculty screeningcommittee that will include the student's Departmental adviser.Granting of credit will be contingent upon presentation of areport of the research at a Departmental seminar and the filingof the research paper in the Departmental office before the endof the senior year. PREREQ: PSY 305, completion of 12 credits inPsychology, a 3.2 G.P.A., a 3.5 G.P.A. in Psychology, and Departmentalpermission.186 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Sociology and Social WorkChair: Professor Madeline H. Moran (Carman Hall, Room B70)Director of Social Work Program: Norma Phillips (Carman Hall,Room B18)Department Faculty: Professors: M. Herbert Danzger, David E. Lavin,Madeline Moran, Norma Phillips, Elin Waring; Associate Professors:Graciela Castex, Sharon Freedberg, Patricia Kolb, Assistant Professors:Kofi Benefo, Christopher Bonastia, Frances DellaCava, ElhumHaghighat, Richard Holody, Barbara Jacobson, Jessica Kahn, CarlMazza, Esther Wilder; Lecturer: Thomas ConroySociology: The course of study in the Department of Sociologyand Social Work provides students with the opportunity to gainbasic knowledge in the sociological study of human behavior aspart of their general liberal arts training, leading to the B.A. degree.The major in Sociology is available in both day and eveningclasses. A list of courses is contained within this chapter ofthe Bulletin.Career Preparation for Sociology Majors: The program in Sociologyis designed to (1) meet the academic and preprofessional needsof potential sociologists and teachers; (2) provide training inresearch methods, data analysis, and computer applications forthose interested in pursuing a career in social research; and (3)begin to equip students for virtually any career (e.g., business,government, law, healthcare, etc.), insofar as such a career involvesgroup settings. For students who are interested in a varietyof positions calling for a knowledge of data collection andanalysis, the following sequence is of importance: SOC 346(Methods of Social Research), SOC 267 (Social Statistics), SOC347 (Methods of Data Collection and Analysis), and SOC 301(Applied Statistics and Computer Analysis for Social Scientists).Students interested in early childhood or elementary educationshould consult the Sociology Department adviser for the appropriatecourse selection in the major. The Department of Sociologyand Social Work, in cooperation with the Department ofMiddle and High School Education, also offers students theopportunity to prepare for teaching social studies at the secondarylevel. Students interested in obtaining N.Y.S. Teacher Certificationshould contact either that Department (Carman Hall,Room B29-A) or the Office of the Dean of Education (CarmanHall, Room B-33, 718-960-4972) for information on the mostcurrent approved program.Social Work: The program in Social Work, which leads to aBachelor of Arts degree in Social Work, is designed to preparestudents for entry-level, generalist social work practice and forgraduate social work education. The program fulfills the requirementsof the New York State Education Department and isaccredited by the Council on Social Work Education. Because ofthis accreditation, program graduates may apply for advancedstanding in a graduate program in social work. Social workcourses required for the major are available in both day andevening sections. Evening and weekend placements in fieldworkare rarely available. Program requirements and a list of coursesare contained within this chapter of the Bulletin.Career Preparation for Social Work Majors: The program in SocialWork builds upon a liberal arts base and integrates knowledgefrom required study areas with the professional curriculum,particularly as it applies to an understanding of human behavior,human diversity, political and social systems, and the helpingprocess. Senior students in the program complete a twosemesterfield placement in which they spend two days a weekin one of many community agencies that provide services tochildren, adults, and families. Graduates of the program willhave gained the knowledge, values, and skills of the social workprofession essential for ethical, competent, and effective practicewith diverse individuals, groups, communities, and organizationsin the urban environment, and will be prepared for beginninggeneralist social work practice in such fields as child andfamily welfare, substance abuse, health, mental health, developmentaldisabilities, immigration, gerontology, income maintenance,and homelessness. No credit for life experience will begiven for Social Work courses; all Social Work majors must completethe 55 credits in the basic program.Programs In Sociology30-CREDIT MAJOR IN SOCIOLOGY, B.A.The required courses and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (30)12 (Required of all majors): SOC 166, 246, 346, and 316,18 Additional SOC credits, of which at least 6 must be incourses at the 300 level.It is recommended that Sociology majors select a minor in arelated discipline, such as American Studies, Anthropology,African and African American Studies, Computer Science, Economics,Education (for those completing certification requirements),Health Services Administration, History, Italian-American Studies, Judaic Studies, prelaw, Political Science, Psychology,Latin American, Caribbean, and Puerto Rican Studies,Women's Studies, and Nursing (Geriatrics Team Care).REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN SOCIOLOGYThe minor in Sociology will consist of 12 credits. This will includetwo 200-level courses in Sociology and two 300-levelcourses in Sociology. Though students who wish to minor inSociology may take 246, 346, and 316, the Department advisesagainst it.WOMEN'S STUDIES OPTIONSee the description of this program contained later in this Bulletin.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 187

Areas of Study Within Sociology*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.THE GENERAL AREA OF SOCIOLOGYSOC 166: Fundamentals of SociologySUBSTANTIVE AREAS IN SOCIOLOGYSOC 222: The Women's Movement in the U.S.: Eighteenth Centuryto the PresentSOC 225: Women and ReligionSOC 226: Social MovementsSOC 227 (WST 237): Sociology of the FamilySOC 228 : Women in SocietySOC 229: Sociology of LeisureSOC 230: CriminologySOC 231: Social ProblemsSOC 233: Youth in Modern SocietySOC 234: Urban SociologySOC 235: Sociology of EducationSOC 236: Mind, Self, and SocietySOC 237: Ethnic StratificationSOC (NUR) 240: Death, Dying, and Bereavement*SOC 241: Nature and Function of Social GroupsSOC 242 (HIS 342) (HCU 342): Anti-Semitism from EarlyChristianity to HitlerSOC 243: The Aged in Modern SocietySOC 302: Sociology of Health CareSOC 303: Sociology of WorkSOC 304: Collective BehaviorSOC 307: Mass Communication and Public OpinionSOC 308: Modern OrganizationsSOC 309: Social Inequality*SOC 310: Knowledge, Science, and Society*SOC 314: Social Change and Social PlanningSOC (POL) 324: Sociology of PoliticsSOC (POL) 326: Political SocializationSOC 332: Religion and SocietySOC (PHI) (BLS) 338: Race and Ethnicity in SocietySOC 339: American DemographySOC (PHI) (CLT) 354: Philosophy of the Social SciencesCOMPARATIVE STUDIES IN SOCIOLOGYSOC 245: Social Processes of Global InterdependenciesSOC 250: Racial and Ethnic Communities in the United StatesSOC 252: Religious Groups*SOC 317: Comparative Analysis of Modern Industrial SocietiesSOC 319: Population ProblemsRESEARCH METHODS AND THEORYSOC 246: Sociological AnalysisSOC 346: Methods of Social ResearchSOC 267: Social StatisticsSOC 301: Applied Statistics and Computer Analysis for SocialScientistsSOC 316: Foundations of Modern Sociological TheorySOC 347: Methods of Data Collection and Analysis*SOC 351: Issues and Problems in Sociology TheorySEMINARS, TUTORIALS & THE INTERNSHIP IN SOCIOLOGYSOC 251: Special Studies in SociologySOC 281: Tutorial in Sociology*SOC 450: Seminar in Selected Problems of SociologySOC (POL) 470: Seminar and Internship Program in New YorkGovernmentSOC 481: Advanced Tutorial in SociologyCourses in Sociology*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.NOTES: PREREQUISITES1. SOC 166 is a prerequisite for all SOC courses as well as all SWKcourses, unless otherwise noted;2. Students registering for SOC 246 must have a Sociology GradePoint Average of C (2.0) or better; and3. Successful completion of SOC 246 is a prerequisite for SOC 346,316, and all 400-level SOC courses.SOC 166: Fundamentals of Sociology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introductionto sociological concepts and perspectives and their applicationsto societies in the modern world.SOC 222: The Women's Movement in the United States—Eighteenth Century to the Present. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thewomen's movement and associated problems will be seenthrough the eyes of women of the relevant periods. The coursewill present a feminist social history of a movement that is continuingto have a profound effect on our society.SOC 225: Women and Religion. 3 hours, 3 credits. Images ofwomen in the Judeo-Christian tradition and the influences ofthese representations on secular phenomena, such as Harlequinromances.SOC 226: Social Movements. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of historicaland contemporary movements, such as the temperancemovement, the women's movement, the civil rights movement,and the labor movement.SOC 227 (WST 237): Sociology of the Family. 3 hours, 3 credits.The family as structure and process; analysis of its institutional andinterpersonal aspects and its functions in different societies.SOC 228: Women in Society. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativeanalysis of the statuses and roles of women in society. Explorationand analysis of alternative lifestyles for women and possibleconsequences of new patterns for women, men, the family, andother institutions.SOC 229: Sociology of Leisure. 3 hours, 3 credits. Leisure, recreation,play, and free time examined as distinct components ofnonwork behavior. Comparative analysis of the relationshipbetween these components and social structure in pre-industrial,industrial, and, particularly, postindustrial societies.SOC 230: Criminology. 3 hours, 3 credits. The nature and significanceof crime as a social phenomenon. Study of the sociologicalfactors that contribute to and maintain the criminal institutionalstructure and the justice system in the United States.SOC 231: Social Problems. 3 hours, 3 credits. An analysis ofsocial problems from the perspectives of functionalism, subculturetheory, conflict theory, and labeling. Topics may include:crime, alcoholism, and other drug addiction, mental illness,sexual promiscuity, and suicide.SOC 233: Youth in Modern Society. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysisof the emergence of adolescent subcultures, the social role ofyouth, and the passage from childhood to adulthood in modernsociety.SOC 234: Urban Sociology. 3 hours, 3 credits. The study of theurban community and neighborhood; social forces responsiblefor the modern urban community; the ecology of cities; socialpathology and urban blight; and analysis of policies for urbanredevelopment.SOC 235: Sociology of Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis ofeducation as a social institution, the school as a social system,and the professional and organizational roles of teachers. Specialattention is given to the problems of education and the schoolin the urban community.188 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

SOC 236: Mind, Self, and Society. 3 hours, 3 credits. The impactof society on thought processes, emotions, and the conceptionof self. An exploration of childhood socialization, the sheddingof old identities, and the development of new ones. Contextsexamined may include slavery, concentration camps, religiousexperiences, the culture of youth, and commune life.SOC 237: Ethnic Stratification. 3 hours, 3 credits. Racism andethnocentrism in the post-colonial world in two of the followingareas: Africa, Asia, Latin America, and North America.SOC (NUR) 240: Death, Dying, and Bereavement. 3 hours,3 credits. Sociological, psychological, and healthcare perspectivesand ethical issues surrounding the processes of dying and bereavement.Topics include: the history of attitudes toward death,the new medical technology, the ways individuals confront theirown death and that of others, dying in institutions, death andthe child, and suicide.*SOC 241: Nature and Function of Social Groups. 3 hours,3 credits.SOC 242 (HIS 342) (HCU 342): Anti-Semitism from EarlyChristianity to Hitler. 3 hours, 3 credits. The origins of conflictbetween Christianity and Judaism, and the fate of the Jews inMedieval Europe. The gradual liberation and assimilation of theJews of the Western Europe, 1789-1870. The rise of modernracism and anti-Semitism in Europe, 1889-1939. Hitler, theNazis, and the destruction of European Jewry. Anti-Semitism inthe contemporary world. Social-psychological and cultural theoriesof anti-Semitism will be considered.SOC 243: The Aged in Modern Society. 3 hours, 3 credits. Thechanging role of the elderly in the family and work force; stylesof life of the elderly; systems and organizations that service theelderly; problems of leisure and retirement.SOC 245: Social Processes of Global Interdependencies.3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of major processes of change in Africa,Latin America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Theories ofdevelopment applied to migration, population growth, urbanization,class structure, revolution, and reform.SOC 246: Sociological Analysis. 4 hours, 3 credits. Intensivestudy of the procedure and precepts of modern sociology analysis.Consideration of the nature of sociological questions andderivations of conceptual frameworks and working hypotheses.Emphasis is given to the logic of theoretical models and theapplication of empirical data.SOC 250: Racial and Ethnic Communities in the UnitedStates. 3 hours, 3 credits. May be taken for a maximum of 6 credits(two different topics). Sociological description and analysis of aspecific racial or ethnic community. When the Puerto Rican communityis the topic studied, the course will be jointly offered withthe Department of Latin American and Puerto Rican Studies.When the Italian-American community is studied, the course willbe jointly offered with the Department of Anthropology. PREREQ:PRS 211-212 (formerly PRS 166-167) for joint course on PuertoRican community taken for PRS credit.SOC 251: Special Studies in Sociology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Maybe taken for a maximum of 6 credits (two different topics). Investigationof theories, issues, and methods. Topic to be announcedeach semester.SOC 252: Religious Groups. 3 hours, 3 credits. Sociologicaldescription and analysis of a specific religious group or groupsin the United States or around the world: Catholics, Protestants,Jews, Muslims, or others. May be repeated, with permission ofthe Chair, when topic is different.SOC 267: Social Statistics. 4 hours, 3 credits. Descriptive and inferentialstatistics; introduction to sampling and probability theory,non-parametric techniques, and experimental design. Extensive useof computer applications. PREREQ: SOC (POL) 246.SOC 281: Tutorial in Sociology. 3 hours, 3 credits. A courseoffering the beginning student interested in Sociology the opportunityto do individual reading and writing under the directionof a Sociology Department faculty member. Subject to be agreedupon between student and instructor.SOC 301: Applied Statistics and Computer Analysis for SocialScientists. 3 hours, 3 credits. An elementary treatment of statisticalconcepts. Data analysis, using standard statistical methodsavailable in the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (S.P.S.S.).Computations will be run on the computer. Interpretation andmisinterpretation of computer output. PREREQ: MAT 171 and acollege-level statistics course or MAT 132.SOC 302: Sociology of Health Care. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysisof health and illness as sociocultural phenomena; the structureand functioning of the healthcare system and the medical profession;the social role of the patient; and social factors in theincidence of illness.SOC 303: Sociology of Work. 3 hours, 3 credits. The assignmentand organization of work in society. An examination of occupationalroles, mobility, and work ideologies. Consideration of thesocial aspects of communication, morale, automation, and professionalization.SOC 304: Collective Behavior. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of theextraordinary behavior characteristic of such phenomena as fads,fashions, panics, the aftermath of disasters, riots, mass hysteria,and conversion experiences.SOC 307: Mass Communication and Public Opinion. 3 hours,3 credits. The function of communication in mass society, includingmedia such as television, film, radio, and newspapers.Attention to the social process of public-opinion formation andthe diffusion of ideas.SOC 308: Modern Organizations. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theoriesand comparative analysis of the structure, functioning, andproblems of organizations and bureaucracies, such as corporations,religious institutions, schools, and prisons.SOC 309: Social Inequality. 3 hours, 3 credits. A comparativeanalysis of the inequalities of class, race, ethnicity, religion, andgender in contemporary societies.SOC 310: Knowledge, Science, and Society. 3 hours, 3 credits.The social construction of reality. Relationships between culture,including knowledge, and social structure. The cultural andsocial bases of science. Science in totalitarian and democraticsocieties. Science in the university, in industry, and in government.The social process of scientific discovery. Selected ethicalproblems concerning science in modern society.*SOC 314: Social Change and Social Planning. 3 hours,3 credits.SOC 316: Foundations of Modern Sociological Theories.3 hours, 3 credits. The sources of modern sociological theories areexplored in a systematic approach to the writings of nineteenthandearly twentieth-century sociologists, such as Comte, Spencer,Marx, Durkheim, Weber, and Simmel. PREREQ: SOC 246.*SOC 317: Comparative Analysis of Modern Industrial Societies.3 hours, 3 credits.SOC 319: Population Problems. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparativestudy of recent trends in size, fertility, mortality, distribution,and composition of world populations. Social causes and consequencesof such phenomena as industrialization and modernization.Critical analysis of population policies in varioussocieties.SOC (POL) 324: Sociology of Politics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Aninterdisciplinary course focusing on the substantive concerns ofPolitical Science, which employs theoretical perspectives developedin Sociology. PREREQ: POL 166 for POL 324.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 189

SOC (POL) 326: Political Socialization. 3 hours, 3 credits. Anexamination of the agents and channels of political socializationsuch as the family, schools and colleges, youth subcultures,peers, media, and life experiences from childhood to earlyadulthood. The impact of various forms of political socializationon conventional and unconventional political attitudes, opinions,and activities. Special problems of political socializationsuch as generational conflict; sexual differences in political orientations;impact of childhood learning on leaders and followers;and national, class, and other group differences. PREREQ:POL 166 for POL 326.SOC 327: Sociology of American Policy-Making. 3 hours,3 credits. Roles of social movements, interest groups, and thegeneral public in determining which policy proposals are enactedinto law. Emphasis on the influence of various racial andethnic groups in the policy-making process.SOC 332: Religion and Society. 3 hours, 3 credits. Religion as asocial institution; its interrelation with the family, the economy,the polity, and social class. Social role of religious organizationsand their impact on the functioning of the total society.SOC 338: Race and Ethnicity in Society. 3 hours, 3 credits. Sociologicalperspectives on race and ethnic relations in the UnitedStates and other societies.SOC 339: American Demography. 4 hours, 3 credits. A computer-basedcourse organized around using United States censusdata to examine the causes and consequences of demographicchange. PREREQ: SOC 246.SOC (POL) 346: Methods of Social Research. 4 hours, 3 credits.Basic procedures for conducting social research. Considerationof the strategies of research design and elements of datagatheringtechniques. PREREQ: SOC 246.SOC 347: Methods of Data Collection and Analysis. 4 hours,3 credits. Collection and analysis of sociological data, with extensiveuse of computer applications. PREREQ: SOC 246 and 247.*SOC 351: Issues and Problems in Sociology Theory. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: SOC 246 and 316.SOC (PHI) (CLT) 354: Philosophy of the Social Sciences.3 hours, 3 credits. Study of some of the problems involved in thesocial sciences. Possible topics include the structure of theoriesin the social sciences, methods of inquiry, the nature of humanaction, and the relationship between knowledge in the socialand natural sciences. PREREQ: One 200-level PHI (CLT) coursefor PHI (CLT) 354.*SOC 450: Seminar in Selected Problems of Sociology.3 hours, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). (Priority for SOC majors.)PREREQ: SOC 166, 246, and at least 6 additional credits in SOCor SWK and Departmental permission.SOC (POL) 470: Seminar and Internship Program in NewYork Government. 1 or 2 semesters, each 4 credits. Students willattend weekly seminars on problems of New York City governmentand will serve from eight to ten hours a week as administrativeassistants in New York City government offices andagencies. PREREQ: Chair's permission. Note: SOC (POL) 470 isoffered in cooperation with the other senior colleges of the City University.SOC 481: Advanced Tutorial in Sociology. 3 hours, 3 credits(maximum 6 credits). Subject to be agreed upon between studentand instructor. PREREQ: SOC 246 and at least 6 additional creditsin SOC or related areas and Departmental permission.Program in Social WorkADMISSION TO THE PROGRAMAcceptance into the Social Work Program requires completion ofa minimum of 48 college credits, including SOC 166 (Fundamentalsof Sociology) and SWK 237 (Introduction to SocialWork); a minimum cumulative index of 2.7; and submission ofan application. Application forms are available in the Office ofthe Director (Carman Hall, Room B18). Students should submitapplications and transcripts to the Social Work program as earlyas possible during the semester preceding entry into the program.All students are encouraged to consult with the ProgramDirector about individual concerns.PROGRAM RETENTION POLICIESA minimum grade of C is required for a student to progress fromSWK 305 to 306, from SWK 311 to 312, from both SWK 312and SWK 306 to 440 and 470, from SWK 440 to 441, and fromSWK 470 to 471. A student who does not achieve a grade of atleast C in each of the following courses: SWK 305, 306, 311,312, 440, 470, 441, and 471, must reapply to the Program and,if accepted, may repeat any of these courses once. In order toremain in the Program, students are required to demonstrateprofessional behavior consistent with the Code of Ethics of theNational Association of Social Workers.55-CREDIT MAJOR IN SOCIAL WORK, B.A.The following credits and courses are required of all Social Workmajors:33 In social work: SWK 237, 239, 305-306, 311-312, 440-441,443, and 470-471 (majors are expected to register for SWK470 for the Fall semester after completing SWK 312).12 In sociology: SOC 166, 246, 346, and any 300-level SOCcourse in addition to SOC 346.10 In other disciplines: PSY166, POL 166, and BIO 183.Note: For students in the 1984 curriculum, PSY 166 and BIO 183may be used toward fulfillment of Distribution Requirements. If aspeech course is needed to fulfill the College's requirement in oralEnglish, SPE 204 should be taken.Social Work may not be selected as a minor. Social Work majorsare exempt from the College's requirement of a minor. 300- and400-level courses in Social Work do not qualify as liberal artscourses.Courses in Social WorkNote: Admission into the Social Work Program requires completion of48 college credits, submission of an application to the Program, completionof SWK 237 and SOC 166, and achieving a minimumcumulative college index of 2.7.SWK 237: Introduction to Social Work. 3 hours, 3 credits. Roleof the social work profession in relation to social, political, andeconomic environments. Introduction to the value, knowledge,and skill base of the profession, including the helping relationship,cultural sensitivity, and the social work process. PRE- orCOREQ: SOC 166.SWK 239: Social Welfare Institutions. 3 hours, 3 credits. Historyand philosophy of social welfare and social work in the UnitedStates within the context of social, economic, and political change.The impact of social welfare policy on populations at risk.PREREQ: SOC 166 and SWK 237. PRE- or COREQ: POL 166.SWK 250: Special Studies in Social Work. 3 hours, 3 credits.Special topics related to social work and social welfare; analysisof the interaction of cultural, historical, political, economic, andlegal factors with various social systems. Topic to be announcedeach semester. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits, withapproval of the Program Director.190 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

SWK 305: Human Behavior and the Social Environment I.3 hours, 3 credits. Offered only in the Fall semester. The cultural,political, and economic factors that influence individual andfamily systems, and the effect of available social welfare resourceson these systems. Emphasis on issues of human diversity,including, race, ethnicity, gender, age, and sexualorientation. PREREQ: Admission into the Social Work Program.PRE- or COREQ: BIO 183 and PSY 166.SWK 306: Human Behavior and the Social Environment II.3 hours, 3 credits. Offered only in the Spring semester. A continuationof SWK 305. Small and large groups, formal organizations,and communities as social systems; the effects of availablesocial welfare resources and the interaction between diversepopulations and these systems. PREREQ: SWK 305 with aminimum grade of C.SWK 311: Social Work Practice I. 3 hours, 3 credits. Offered onlyin the Fall semester. Theories and principles of social work practice.Emphasis on knowledge, skills, and values required forworking with individuals, families, groups, and communities.PREREQ: Admission into the Social Work Program. PRE- orCOREQ: SWK 305.SWK 312: Social Work II. 3 hours, 3 credits. Offered only in theSpring semester. A continuation of SWK 311. PREREQ: Completionof SWK 311 and 305 with a minimum grade of C. PRE orCOREQ: SWK 306.SWK 381: Tutorial in Social Work. 3 credits. (May be repeatedfor a maximum of 6 credits.) Content to be determined by studentand instructor.Note: Only students who have successfully completed the College'sEnglish requirements may register for SWK 440, 441, 470, and 471.SWK 440: Fieldwork Seminar I. 2 hours, 2 credits. Offered onlyin Fall semester. Integration of theories and principles of socialwork practice with fieldwork experience. PREREQ: Completionof SWK 312 and SWK 306 with a minimum grade of C. COREQ:SWK 470.SWK 441: Fieldwork Seminar II. 2 hours, 2 credits. Offered onlyin the Spring semester. Continuation of SWK 440. PREREQ:Completion of SWK 440 and SWK 470 with a minimum gradeof C. COREQ: SWK 471.SWK 443: Social Welfare Policy. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis ofthe factors influencing social welfare policies; the process ofpolicy formulation; and the impact of social policies on individuals,families, groups, and communities, and the delivery ofsocial services. PREREQ: SWK 239. COREQ: SWK 440 and 470or SWK 441 and 471. Note: SWK 443 must be taken concurrentlywith either SWK 440 and 470 or SWK 441 and 471.SWK 470: Fieldwork I. 2 days, 4 credits. Placement in a communityservice agency two full days a week throughout the semester.PREREQ: Completion of SWK 312 and SWK 306 with a minimumgrade of C and completion of the College English requirement.COREQ: SWK 440.SWK 471: Fieldwork II. 2 days, 4 credits. Continuation of SWK470. Placement continues, in the same agency. PREREQ: Completionof SWK 470 with a minimum grade of C. COREQ: SWK 441.SWK 485: Honors Seminar in Social Work. 3 hours, 3 credits.Topics to be arranged between students and instructor. PREREQ:Permission of the Director of the Social Work Program.SWK 495: Honors Tutorial in Social Work. 3 hours, 3 credits.Topics to be arranged between student and instructor. PRE- orCOREQ: SWK 470 or 471, and permission of the Director of theSocial Work Program.FIELD PLACEMENT AGENCIESSenior students in the Social Work Program complete a twosemesterfield placement in which they spend two days a week inone of the many community agencies that provide services tochildren, adults, and families. Fieldwork must be completed atthe assigned agency during regular working hours; evening andweekend placements are rarely available. The following communityservice agencies are among those that provide fieldworkplacements:Astor Day Treatment ProgramBanana Kelly High SchoolBeacon of Hope HouseBig Brothers/Big SistersBronx DefendersBronx Educational AllianceBronx Jewish Community CouncilBronx-Lebanon HospitalCardinal McCloskey Children and Family ServicesCatholic Charities Alhambra Day Treatment ProgramChildren's VillageCitizens Advice BureauComprehensive Day and Night High SchoolDepartment of Veterans’ AffairsEast Side House SettlementEpiscopal Social ServicesFederation Employment and Guidance ServicesFordham High School for the ArtsFordham-Tremont Mental Health CenterGreen ChimneysHarlem HospitalHebrew Hospital HomeHenry Street Settlement HouseHispanic AIDS ForumInstitute for Puerto Rican/Hispanic ElderlyInwood HouseJacobi Medical CenterJewish Association for Services to the AgedJewish Guild for the BlindJewish Home & Hospital for the AgedKingsbridge Heights Community CenterLeake and Watts Family ServicesLegal Aid SocietyLenox Hill Neighborhood AssociationMetropolitan Jewish Geriatric CenterMontefiore HospitalMosholu-Montefiore Community ServicesNew York City Administration for Children's ServicesNew York-Presbyterian Medical CenterNorth Central Bronx HospitalPart of the SolutionProject Greenhope Services for WomenPromesaPuerto Rican Family InstitutePublic School 9Riverdale Senior ServicesRound-the-Clock NurserySalvation ArmySanctuary for FamiliesSeamen's Society for Children & FamiliesStanley Isaac's CenterThe BridgeUrban Justice CenterUniversity Heights High SchoolVolunteers of AmericaWestchester Disabled on the MoveWHEDCOWomen's Housing & Economic Development CorporationLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 191

Specialized Services in EducationChair: Faith Deveaux (Carman Hall, Room B20A)Coordinators: Faith Deveaux, Counselor Education (Carman Hall,Room B20). Gaoyin Qian, Literacy Studies (Carman Hall, B19).Barbara Gottlieb, Childhood & Adolescent Special Education (CarmanHall, Room B53). Maria Victoria Rodríguez, Early ChildhoodSpecial Education (Carman Hall, B15).Department Faculty: Professors: Barbara Gottlieb, Susan Polirstok, PatriciaThompson; Associate Professors: Stuart Chen-Hayes, Faith Deveaux,Gaoyin Qian, Mark Zuss; Assistant Professors: Janet DeSimone, LimorPinhasi-Vittorio; Lecturer: Ara John BahadourianThe Department of Specialized Services in Education offers specializedcourse work in education services (Alpha Code ESS),including counselor education (school counseling), special education,and literacy studies. Students interested in incorporatingsuch course work into their preparation for New York State certificationand New York City licensure should see an adviser in theDepartment. Students enrolled in sequences in other departmentsshould consult their advisers in order to take ESS courses as electivesin their programs. The Department also offers courses in theinterdisciplinary program in Women's Studies (see the descriptionof this program contained later in this Bulletin).ProgramsTEACHER CERTIFICATIONTeacher certification and licensure is carried out by the New YorkState Education Department. The public schools of the City ofNew York have separate licensure procedures and requirements.At both the State and City levels, certification requirements are subjectto change without notice. The information about certification containedin this Bulletin is the most up-to-date available at presstime, but may become obsolete after publication. It is the responsibilityof the student or graduate to consult periodically with aDepartmental adviser to keep himself/herself informed about thelatest certification requirements.Courses in Specialized Services inEducation*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*EDS 390: Introduction to Special Education. 3 hours, 3 credits.Overview of the field of special education, with emphasis on thedevelopmentally disabled individual. Examination of attitudinalfactors contributing to present-day treatment of handicappedindividuals. Field trips under supervision. PREREQ: Completionof 60 credits (6 in psychology), the College Writing Examination,and a cumulative index of 3.0.*ESS 314: Fundamentals of Classroom Group Dynamics.3 hours, 2 credits.*ESS 350. Curriculum and Methods in Special Education.3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction to the selection, use, evaluation,and development of curricula for special education. Discussionof basic concepts underlying the development of curriculumbased on the learning characteristics of exceptional children,with emphasis on individualization in mainstream settings. PREorCOREQ: ESS 401, 402, and 403, which provide orientation tothe field of special education.Note: While undergraduate courses in Business Education still appearin the catalog, the undergraduate program in Business Education is nolonger offered. Changes in program requirements designated by theNew York State Education Department for Teacher, Counselor and/orAdministrator certifications occur from time to time. As such, studentsare advised to consult the office of the Division of Education, Room B-33 of Carman Hall, to determine the most current program requirementsfor certification. Students not seeking an institutional recommendationbut who intend to apply independently for certificationshould consult with a departmental adviser prior to registration so thata course of study fulfilling state requirements may be planned. NewYork State may at some point end the independent transcript reviewroute to certification. Students should consult the New York StateEducation Department website for updates or may check with theDivision of Education's Certification Office to determine if a changein this policy has been adopted*ESS 376-377: Fieldwork in Special Education Services I and II.Each semester, 2 credits (two-semester sequence).*ESS 401: Learning Disorders: A Developmental View. 1 hour,1 credit. Concepts of developing an underlying commonality ofbasic processing in exceptional children.*ESS 402: Diagnosis of Learning Disorders. 1 hour, 1 credit.Theoretical bases and techniques fundamental to the developmentalevaluation of learning-handicapped children. Emphasison diagnosis for purposes of remediation.*ESS 403: Behavioral Approaches to Children's EmotionalProblems. 1 hour, 1 credit. Systematic application of principlesof learning to effect behavioral changes in the special child.*ESS 424: Principles and Practices of Educational Guidance. 2hours, 2 credits.*ESS 425: Principles and Practices of Vocational Guidance inthe Elementary and Secondary Schools. 2 hours, 2 credits*ESS 429: Education and Mass Media. 3 hours, 2 credits.*ESS 433: Workshop in Instructional Materials and Equipment.2 hours, 1 credit. COREQ: ECE 400, 402, 403, 404, or theappropriate course from ESC 414 through 440.*ESS 485-486: Independent Study in Special Education ServicesI and II. Each semester, 2 credits. (One- or two-semester sequence.)Note: No student may receive credit for both ESC 485-486and ECE 485-486 or ESC 485-486.*ESS 490: Honors Course in Research in Special EducationalServices. One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). PREREQ:Satisfactory completion of 12 credits in ESS or related fields,including ECE 301 or ESC 301. Note: No student may receive creditfor both ESS 490 and ECE 490 or ESC 490.Courses in General Family andConsumer Studies Education*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.*FCS 102: Clothing I. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.*FCS 120: Historic Costume. 2 hours, 2 credits.*FCS 121: Clothing in Twentieth-Century Society. 2 hours, 2credits.*FCS 124: Family Clothing. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.*FCS 125: Textiles I. 3 hours (1, lecture; 2, lab), 2 credits.*FCS 126: Interior Decoration and Design. 3 hours (1, lecture;2, lab), 2 credits.192 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

*FCS 161: Orientation to Family and Consumer Studies.2 hours (1, lecture; 1, conference; and field trips), 2 credits.*FCS (WST) 180: Modern Housing. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis ofmodern housing needs of families. Consideration of home ownership,cooperatives, condominiums, and public and other rentalhousing in terms of cost, location, construction, and value to individualfamily members. Principles of organization of space forindividual and family living during the family life cycle.*FCS 202: Clothing II. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.PREREQ: Either FCS 102 or Departmental permission.*FCS 219: Consumer Problems in Housing. 3 hours, 3 credits.*FCS 227: Textiles II. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab), 3 credits.PREREQ: FCS 125.*FCS 228: Textile Design. 3 hours (1, lecture; 2, lab), 2 credits.PREREQ: Either 4 credits in ART or Departmental permission.*FCS 229: Weaving I. 3 hours, 2 credits. PREREQ: Either4 credits in ART or instructor's permission.*FCS 271: Child Development. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, lab),3 credits.*FCS 301: Demonstration Materials and Techniques. 3 hours(lab), 3 credits.*FCS 302: Special Problems in Clothing Design. 4 hours (lab),2 credits. PREREQ: Either ECS 202 or Departmental permission.FCS 307 (WST 317): Family Relationships. 3 hours, 3 credits.The place of the family in American life: essential conditions foreffective family living, factors that seem to be important inachieving and maintaining successful marriage, roles of familymembers, problems in family relationships and parenthood,and interdependence of family and community.*FCS 314: Household Equipment. 3 hours, 3 credits.*FCS 315: Home and Cooperative Ownership and Tenancy.3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: FCS 180 or 219 or Departmentalpermission.*FCS 316: Home Management. 3 hours, 3 credits.*FCS 317: Consumption Behavior. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:Either FCS 307 or Departmental permission.*FCS 318: Management of Housing for the Elderly. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: FCS 180 and Departmental permission.*FCS 370: Field Study in Clothing and Textiles. 3 hours,2 credits. PREREQ: Departmental permission.*FCS (WST) 372: Family Relationships: Field Study and Seminar.2 hours, 2 credits. Field study of private and public agencies;introduction to the services available to families, includingproblems inherent in the use of these services.*FCS 374: Consumer Advocacy. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ:Satisfactory completion of 45 college credits.*FCS 403: Introduction to Counseling for Family Living.3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: Adviser's written permission.*FCS 449: Housing Management and Maintenance. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: Either FCS 180 and 219 or Departmentalpermission.*FCS 452: Current Problems in Family and Consumer Studies.2 hours, 2 credits. PREREQ: Departmental permission.*FCS 453: Trends in Family and Consumer Studies. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: Departmental permission.*FCS 472: Field Study in Housing Management. 4 hours, plusseminar, 2 credits. PREREQ: FCS 449.*FCS 473: Problems in Home Management. 6 hours (lab),3 credits.*FCS 485: Independent Study in Family and Consumer Studies.One semester, 2-3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Independentstudy in an appropriate field, under faculty supervision. PRE-REQ: Departmental permission.*FCS 489: Seminar in Housing Management. 2 hours, 2 credits.PREREQ: FCS 180, 219, 315, 318, and 449, and Departmentalpermission.*FCS 492: Honors in Family and Consumer Studies. One semester,2-3 credits (maximum 4-6 credits). PREREQ: Departmentalpermission.*FCS 493: Special Projects in Family and Consumer Studies.PREREQ: Departmental permission.General Family and ConsumerStudies Education: Areas of Study*FCS 161: Orientation to Family and Consumer Studies*FCS 301: Demonstration Materials and Techniques*FCS 374: Consumer Advocacy*FCS 452: Current Problems in Family and Consumer Studies*FCS 453: Trends in Family and Consumer StudiesHOUSING, FAMILY ECONOMICS, AND CONSUMERSTUDIES*FCS (WST) 180: Modern Housing*FCS 219: Consumer Problems in Housing*FCS 314: Household Equipment*FCS 315: Home and Cooperative Ownership and Tenancy*FCS 316: Home Management*FCS 317: Consumption Behavior*FCS 318: Management of Housing for the Elderly*FCS 449: Housing Management and Maintenance*FCS 472: Field Study in Housing Management*FCS 473: Problems in Home Management*FCS 489: Seminar in Housing ManagementCLOTHING, TEXTILES, AND RELATED ARTS*FCS 102: Clothing I*FCE 120: Historic Costume*FCS 121: Clothing in Twentieth-Century Society*FCS 124: Family Clothing*FCS 125: Textiles I*FCS 126: Interior Decoration & Design*FCS 202: Clothing II*FCS 227: Textiles II*FCS 228: Textile Design*FCS 229: Weaving I*FCS 302: Special Problems in Clothing Design*FCS 370: Field Study in Clothing and TextilesFAMILY RELATIONS AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT*FCS 271: Child DevelopmentFCS 307 (WST 317): Family Relationships*FCS 317: Consumption Behavior*FCS (WST) 372: Family Relationships: Field Study and Seminar*FCS 403: Introduction to Counseling for Family Living*FCS 485: Independent Study in Family and Consumer Studies*FCS 492: Honors in Family and Consumer Studies*FCS 493: Special Projects in Family and Consumer StudiesLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 193

Speech-Language-Hearing SciencesChair: Deena K. Bernstein (Speech and Theatre Bldg., Room 226)Graduate Coordinator: Joyce F. West (Speech and Theatre Bldg., RoomB52)Department Faculty: Professors: Deena K. Bernstein, Martin R. Gitterman,John L. Locke, Barbara Weinstein; Associate Professors: Stephen A.Cavallo, Mira Goral, Sandra Levey, Joyce F. West; Assistant Professors:Cheryl Smith Gabig, Liat Seiger, Jim TsiamtsiourisThe Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences offersstudents preprofessional coursework in normal and abnormalcommunication processes within the context of a liberal artseducation. The B.A. program prepares students for graduatestudy in Speech-Language Pathology or Audiology.Program36-CREDIT MAJOR IN SPEECH PATHOLOGY ANDAUDIOLOGY, B.A.All applicants to the program must first apply for admission tothe College. After being admitted to the College, students applyto the Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences to declarea major in Speech Pathology and Audiology. Applicantsmust maintain a minimum cumulative index of 2.7 (B-) in thefollowing four courses in order to continue in the major: SPV221 (LNG 230), SPV (LNG) 245, SPV (LNG) 247, and SPV 249.Students who do not achieve a cumulative G.P.A. of 2.7 in thesefour courses may use them as a minor in Speech Pathology andAudiology.Program RequirementsThe required credits and credits are distributed as follows:Credits (36)12 courses required for continuation in the major:SPV (LNG) 245, SPV (LNG) 247, SPV 249, and SPV 221(LNG 230).20 SPV 246 (LNG 160), SPV (LNG) 248, SPV (LNG) 212, SPV326, SPV 327, SPV 328, and SPV 430.4 PSY 226 or ENW 201MINORThe Department minor consists of 12 credits taken at the 200level or higher.Courses in Speech Pathology andAudiology*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.SPV 101: Introduction to American Sign Language 1. 4 hours,4 credits. Elements of basic grammar, practice in signed receptiveand expressive skills. A brief spoken orientation to the history ofthe Deaf community and its culture will be given to offer anappropriate context in which to use the language. Students areexpected to spend additional hours in the language lab. Note: Iftaken to fulfill the foreign language requirement, SPV 101 is notcredited without SPV 102.SPV 102: Elementary American Sign Language 2. 5 hours,5 credits. Continuation of elementary American Sign Language 1,emphasizing vocabulary development and increasing fluency inthe language structure: regional and stylistic variations in AmericanSign Language; advanced work in Deaf culture, folklore, andliterature. Students are expected to spend additional hours in thelanguage lab. PREREQ: SPV 101. Note: If taken to fulfill the foreignlanguage requirement, SPV 102 is not credited without SPV 101.SPV 162: Language, Speech, and Hearing. 3 hours, 3 credits. Anoverview of the systems of language, speech, and hearing. Thecourse will deal with the bases of normal communication, theroles of speech pathologists, audiologists, speech scientists, andprofessionals in allied areas in the study, diagnosis, and treatmentof language, speech, and hearing problems.SPV 221 (LNG 230): Language Acquisition. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of speech, language, and communication skills in typicallydeveloping children. Exploration of gender, multicultural, multilinguistic,and socioeconomic variations in language development.Analysis of the processes involved in language learningand use and the foundations of language and literacy from infancythrough the school-age years to complex language developmentover the lifespan.*SPV 230: Survey of Speech and Hearing Problems. 3 hours,3 credits. (Recommended to teachers, social workers, nurses, andpsychologists. Not open to students qualifying for New YorkState teaching certification in speech and hearing handicappedor to students qualifying for positions as speech and hearingtherapists in hospitals or speech centers.)SPV 245: Articulatory Phonetics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Fundamentalsof articulatory phonetics; descriptive analysis of spokenforms of American English.SPV 246: Introduction to Linguistics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Surveyof linguistic science, with special attention to descriptive andapplied linguistics.SPV 247: Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Mechanism.3 hours, 3 credits. Anatomy, physiology, and neurophysiology ofthe speech and vocal mechanism; physiological studies ofspeech.SPV 248: Acoustic Phonetics. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theoretical experimentalapproaches to speech acoustics. The analysis andsynthesis of the speech wave. Acoustic cues for speech perception.PREREQ: SPV 245.SPV 249: Hearing Science. 3 hours, 3 credits. Anatomy, physiology,and neurophysiology of hearing mechanism; physics ofsound; and psychophysical studies of hearing.SPV (LNG) 312: Bilingualism. 3 hours, 3 credits. The nature ofbilingualism as a societal and as an individual human phenomenon;linguistic and applied linguistic issues will be included.Psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, neurolinguistic, andeducational aspects of bilingualism will be covered. PREREQ:SPV 245 or LNG 150 or 160, or BBE 171 and 301.*SPV 322: Introduction to Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: SPV 246.194 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

*SPV 323: Introduction to Phonology. 3 hours, 3 credits.PREREQ: Either SPV 245 or 246.*SPV 324: Semantics. 3 hours, 3 credits.*SPV 325: The Contrastive Analysis of English with OtherLanguages. 3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: Either SPV 245 or 246.SPV 326: Speech Pathology: Functional Disorders. 3 hours,3 credits. Nature, etiology, assessment, and treatment of speechdisorders (specifically articulation and fluency) and languagedisorders in preschool children, school-age children, and adolescents.Issues concerning multiculturalism and multilingualism areincluded. PREREQ: A minimum cumulative G.P.A. of 2.7 in SPV(LNG) 245, SPV (LNG) 247, SPV 249, and SPV 221 (LNG 230).SPV 327: Speech Pathology: Organic Disorders. 3 hours,3 credits. Nature, etiology, assessment, and treatment of cleft palate,voice disorders, aphasia, cerebral palsy, and other neurologicaldisorders. PREREQ: A minimum cumulative G.P.A. of 2.7 in SPV(LNG) 245, SPV (LNG) 247, SPV 249, and SPV 221 (LNG 230).SPV 328: Introduction to Audiology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Development,administration, and interpretation of hearing tests;disorders of hearing; and implications of hearing loss for communication.PREREQ: A minimum cumulative G.P.A. of 2.7 in SPV(LNG) 245, SPV (LNG) 247, SPV 249, and SPV 221 (LNG 230).*SPV 329: Social and Regional Dialects of English. 3 hours,3 credits. PREREQ: SPV 245.SPV 429: Organization of Speech and Hearing Programs.3 hours, 3 credits. (Required for New York State Teaching Certificateas teachers of students with speech-language disabilities.)Organizing and administering a program of rehabilitation inspeech, language, and hearing in public systems. PREREQ: SPV326, 327, and 328, and Departmental permission.SPV 430: Clinical Observation in Speech-Language Pathologyand Audiology. 4 hours, 2 credits. Clinical observation in speechlanguagepathology and audiology. Supervised observation of 25hours of clinical practice. PREREQ: SPV 326, 327, and 328.*SPV 453: Special Studies in Speech and Hearing Sciences.3 hours, 3 credits. PREREQ: Departmental permission.SPV 487: Independent Study in Speech and Hearing Sciences.One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Independent study ofspecial problems and independent research in speech and hearingsciences. PREREQ: Departmental permission.SPV 491: Research Project in Speech and Hearing Sciences.One semester, 3 credits (maximum 6 credits). Individual researchand reading under direction of a faculty member of the Department.An honors essay or some other suitable presentation inspeech and hearing sciences is required. PREREQ: Departmentalpermission.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 195

Urban Studies (Interdisciplinary)Coordinator: Professor Donna Kirchheimer (Carman Hall, Room 358)Many students with majors in the social sciences wish to focustheir course work on the problems of cities. Participation in theUrban Studies specialization enables these students to pursuetheir interests in a more structured way, while at the same timecompleting all course work requirements in their own majors.Participation in the Urban Studies specialization in no way replacesa major. Rather, it provides a setting for students tochoose their elective courses around urban themes, to meetstudents and faculty from other majors who share these concerns,and to participate in interdisciplinary Urban Studies seminarsand field research.Programs*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in2007-2009.Students wishing to specialize in Urban Studies should have taken atleast one of the urban-related courses listed below as a prerequisiteand be recommended by the instructor in that course to the UrbanStudies Committee. The student should then apply to the committeefor admission to the specialization. The courses acceptable as prerequisitesare:ANT 342: Anthropology of UrbanizationBLS 178: Introduction to the Urban CommunityBLS 226: Community OrganizationECO 309: Public Finance*ECO 314: Urban Economics*FCS (WST) 180: Modern HousingGEH 267: The New York Metropolitan RegionHIU 333: American Urban History*HIU 334: American Urban ArchitecturePOL 211: Public PolicyPOL 217: Criminal JusticePOL 305: Public AdministrationPOL 309: State and Local PoliticsPOL 310: Urban Politics and GovernmentPOL 313: Political Issues in New York CityPOL 317: The Politics of American Public EducationPOL (SOC) 470: Seminar and Internship in New York CityGovernmentPSY 336: Psychology of EthnicityPSY 338: Community PsychologySOC 234: Urban SociologyREQUIREMENTS OF THE SPECIALIZATIONStudents accepted for the specialization meet with a facultycommittee to plan a sequence of four electives related to urbanstudies, in addition to the two courses URB 450: Urban StudiesSeminar and URB 470: Field Research. The electives are to bechosen from existing course offerings in the social sciences outsidethe student's own major. They may be chosen from the listof prerequisites for entrance into the specialization, or they maybe courses that receive specific approval from the faculty committee.URB 450 (Urban Studies Seminar) is open only to studentsin the specialization who have completed at least threeelectives in Urban Studies-related courses. The interdisciplinaryfield research course, URB 470, is also open only to participantsin the Urban Studies specialization and may not be taken untilURB 450 has been completed.Courses in Urban StudiesURB 450: Urban Studies Seminar. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Open onlyto students in the Urban Studies Specialization.)URB 470: Field Research. 1 or 2 1/2 days plus seminar, 3 credits.PREREQ: URB 450.196 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Women’s Studies (Interdisciplinary)Director: Bertrade B. Ngo-Ngijol Banoum (Carman Hall, Room 221)Steering Committee:Associate Professors: Sharon Freedberg, Maria Lagos, Marie Marianetti,Milagros Ricourt; Assistant Professors: Bertrade B. Ngo-NgijolBanoum, Elhum Haghighat; Assistant Professor: C. Alicia Georges;Ka-Chuen Gee (Higher Education Assistant); Dorothy Arthur (counselor/SEEK)The faculty of the Women's Studies Program is drawn from anumber of different departments within the College. Integratinga wide array of courses from the humanities and social sciences,the program focuses on the histories and situations of women indifferent cultures, and on the ways in which social and economicfactors have affected women's lives. As a result, studentsaugment skills and knowledge acquired in other disciplines, andgain insight into issues related to gender that will be especiallyuseful for careers in human services, health, education, andpublic policy advocacy. The Program also provides the backgroundneeded for graduate study in the humanities and socialsciences as well as in women's studies. Offered only as a minorfield, the Women's Studies Program is an option for studentsmajoring in any discipline. Courses are open to all interestedstudents.PROGRAMS18-CREDIT WOMEN'S STUDIES OPTIONStudents complete 18 credit hours in Women's Studies, selectedfrom List I (see accompanying chart). Six of these credits may bewithin the student's major field. Students must also complete, asbackground courses, 12 credits selected from List II (also onchart). Of these, 6 credits may be in the student's major field.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MINOR IN WOMEN'S STUDIESStudents complete 12 credit hours in Women's Studies from ListI (see accompanying chart). These may not be in the student'smajor field.WST 255: Topics in Women and Religion. 3 hours, 3 credits.(May be repeated, with permission of the Director and change incontent, for a maximum of 6 credits.) Debates concerningwomen's nature, women's rights, and women's place in varioussacred and secular religions, past and present. Note: When thecourse focuses on women in the Judeo-Christian tradition, WST 255will be cross-listed with SOC 225: Women in Religion.WST 260: Topics in the History of the Women's Movement.3 hours, 3 credits. (May be repeated, with permission of the Directorand change in content, for a maximum of 6 credits.) Perspectiveson the history of the women's movement. Note: Whenthe course focuses on sociological aspects of women's history in theUnited States, WST 260 will be cross-listed with SOC 222: TheWomen's Movement in the United State—Eighteenth Century to thePresent.WST/HIA/ACU/311: Women in Antiquity. 3 hours, 3 credits.Examination of the image, role and status of women in bothAncient Greek and Roman society as seen from the importantliterary works of antiquity.WST 348 (PSY 328): Family Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits.Study of the psychological dynamics affecting contemporaryfamilies, including family structures, development, communicationpatterns, disorders, and treatment approaches.WST 481: Senior Seminar in Women's Studies. 3 hours,3 credits. (Open to upper juniors and seniors specializing inWomen's Studies.) This seminar will be an interdisciplinaryexamination of recent research studies in the area of women'sstudies. Each student will be expected to pursue an individualresearch project making use of primary material, scholarly journals,and other library material. PREREQ: At least 6 credits inWomen's Studies and 6 credits in related areas with the approvalof the instructor.COURSES IN WOMEN’S STUDIESWST (PSY) 209: Psychology of Women. 3 hours, 3 credits. Surveyof empirical and theoretical issues regarding the psychologyof women, dynamics of personality, and inherent and learnedfactors influencing their behavior.WST 220: Perspectives on Women's Issues and Gender Studies.3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of women's experiences fromthe perspective of various disciplines such as psychology, sociology,masculinity theory, and history. Ways in which genderintersects with ethnicity, race, socio-economic class, to formsocial constructs.WST 250: Topics in Women and Society. 3 hours, 3 credits.(May be repeated, when content is different, with permission ofthe Director for a maximum of 6 credits). Social science approachesto the study of sex, money, and power relationshipsbetween women and men of varying class, ethnic, and racialbackgrounds in industrialized societies, especially the UnitedStates. Note: When the course focuses on sociological approaches tothe gender gap, WST 250 will be cross-listed with SOC 228 (Womenin Society).LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 197

LIST I:WOMEN'S STUDIES AND CROSS-LISTED COURSESCoursesCreditsWST (HEA) 136: Family and Community Health 2WST (ANT) 206: Women and Men: AnthropologicalPerspectivesWST (ANT) 210: Women in Latin America 3WST 220: Perspectives on Women's Studies 3WST 218 (SOC 228): Women in Society 3WST (BLS) 228: The African-American Family 3WST (BLS) 231: African Family Systems 3WST (ENG) 234: Women in Literature 3WST 237 (SOC 227): Sociology of the Family 3WST (BLS) 239: Black Women in American Society 3WST (BLS) 240: Women in African Society 3WST 250: Topics in Women and Society 3WST 255: Topics in Women and Religion 3WST 260: Topics in the History of the Women's MovementWST (ACU) 302: Women in Antiquity 3WST 303 (HEA 302): Women and Health 3WST (HEA) 307: Human Sexuality 3WST (HEA) 308: Parenting and Child Health 3WST (PSY) 309: Psychology of Women 3WST 317 (FCS 307): Family Relationships 3WST (PRS) 320: The Puerto Rican Family 3WST (HIU) 328: The Family in American History 3WST (HIU) 329: History of Sexuality and Sex Roles inAmericaWST (HIU) 331: History of Women in America 3WST (POL) 341: Women and Politics 3WST 348 (PSY 328): Family Psychology 3WST (FCS) 372: Family Relationships—Field Studyand SeminarWST 481: Senior Seminar in Women's Studies 3Each student registered for the Women's Studies Option is required totake a 3-credit Senior Seminar in Women's Studies (WST 481).3332LIST II:BACKGROUND COURSESCoursesCreditsANT 328: Language and Culture 3ANT 330: Dynamics of Cultural Change 3ANT 332: Kinship and Social Organization 3ANT 334: Culture and Personality 3ACU 226: Greek Daily Life 3ACU 227: Roman Daily Life 3ECO 135: Marxist Political Analysis 3ECO 326: Labor Economics 3ECO 316: Economics of Minorities 3ECO 317: Economics of Human Resources 3FCS 180: Modern Housing 3FCS 317: Consumption Behavior 3FCS 374: Consumer Advocacy 3HIA 331: Life and Society in the Middle Ages 3HIU 340: The Industrial Revolution in America 3HIU 342: History of American Labor 3PHI 232: Classical Ethical Theories 3PHI 236: Social Philosophy 3PHI 342: Capitalism and Its Critics 3PHI 360: Philosophical Aspects of LiberationMovementsPOL 303: Constitutional Law: Government Structuresand PowersPOL 304: Constitutional Law: Personal Rightsand LibertiesPOL 316: Organizing an Election Campaign 3POL 323: International Marxism: Theory, Practice, andImplicationsPSY 216: Life-Span Development of Behavior 3PSY 320: Theories of Personality 3PSY 330: Social Psychology 3ESC 300: Human Relations 3ESC 406: Sex Education, Cultural Values, & Family Life 3SOC 240: Death, Dying, and Bereavement 3SOC 243: The Aged in Modern Society 3SOC 309: Social Inequality 33333198 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

The City Universityof New YorkBOARD OF TRUSTEESBenno C. Schmidt, Jr., B.A., J.D., ChairpersonValerie Lancaster Beal, B.A., M.B.A.Philip A. Berry, A.A., B.A., M.B.A., M.S.W.Rev. John S. Bonnici, B.S., B.A., S.T.B., S.T.L.,S.T.D.Wellington Z. Chen, B.S.Rita DiMartino, A.A., B.A., M.P.A.Joseph J. Lhota, B.S., B.A., M.B.A.Randy M. Mastro, B.A., J.D.Hugo M. Morales, M.D., DPN-P., F.A.P.A.Kathleen M. Pesile, A.A.S., B.B.A., M.P.A.Carol A. Robles-Roman, B.A., J.D.Marc V. Shaw, B.A., M.A.Sam A. Sutton, B.A.Freida Foster-Tolbert, B.A., M.S.Jeffrey S. Wiesenfeld, B.A.Lauren Fasano, ex officioSusan O'Malley, A.B., M.A., Ph.D., ex officioJay Hershenson, B.A., M.A., Secretary ofthe Board and Vice Chancellor for UniversityRelationsFrederick P. Schaffer, B.A., J.D., GeneralCounsel and Vice Chancellor for Legal AffairsOFFICERS OF THE CITY UNIVERSITYOF NEW YORKMatthew Goldstein, ChancellorSelma Botman, Executive Vice Chancellor forAcademic AffairsAllan H. Dobrin, Senior Vice Chancellor andChief Operating OfficerFederick P. Schaffer, General Counsel and ViceChancellor for Legal AffairsJay Hershenson, Secretary of the Board ofTrustees and Vice Chancellor for University RelationsOtis O. Hill, Vice Chancellor for Student Developmentand Enrollment ManagementErnesto Malavé, Vice Chancellor for Budget andFinanceEmma Espino Macari, Vice Chancellor forFacilities Planning, Construction, and ManagementBrenda Richardson Malone, Vice Chancellorfor Faculty and Staff RelationsMichael J. Zavelle, Interim Vice Chancellor forAcademic Administration and PlanningBrian T. Cohen, University Chief InformationOfficerCurtis L. Kendricks, University LibrarianDavid Crook, University Dean for InstitutionalResearch and AssessmentLester Jacobs, University Dean for EnrollmentServicesNicholas Michelli, University Dean for TeacherEducationJohn Mogulescu, University Dean for AcademicAffairs and Deputy to Executive ViceChancellorRobert Ptachik, University Dean for the ExecutiveOfficeGillian Small, University Dean for ResearchJudith Summerfield, University Dean forUndergraduate EducationGloriana Waters, University Dean for Facultyand Staff RelationsDave Fields, Special Counsel to the ChancellorLehman CollegeAdministrationOFFICE OF THE PRESIDENTRicardo R. Fernández, Pres. and Prof., Langs.& Lits.: B.A., M.A., Marquette Univ.; M.A.,Ph.D., Princeton Univ.Esdras Tulier, Special Counsel to the Presidentfor Legal Affairs & Labor Relations (Higher Ed.Officer): B.A., Brooklyn Coll.; J.D., RutgersUniv. School of Law.Milton Santiago, Deputy to the Pres. (HigherEd. Officer): B.A., State Univ. of New York atBinghamton; M.S.W., New York Univ.Sandra Lerner, Deputy to the Pres. for HighSchools & Educational Initiatives: B.A., M.S.,Hunter Coll.Dawn Ewing-Morgan, Director of Compliance,Diversity, and Special Projects (Higher Ed. Officer):B.S., Brooklyn Coll.; M.P.A., Baruch Coll.OFFICE OF THE PROVOST AND SENIORVICE PRESIDENT OF ACADEMICAFFAIRSMary A. Papazian, Provost and Senior VicePres. for Acad. Affairs: B.A., M.A., and Ph.D.,Univ. of CaliforniaOffices and StaffLourdes Perez, Exec. Asst. to Provost and SeniorVice Pres. for Academic Affairs (Higher Ed.Officer): B.S., Lehman College; M.P.H., ColumbiaUniv.Honors College and Lehman ScholarsProgramGary Schwartz, Dir., Macaulay Honors Collegeat Lehman and Lehman Scholars Program; Prof.,Langs. & Lits.: A.B., Columbia Coll.; B.A.,M.A., Jesus Coll., Cambridge Univ.; Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Institutional Research, Planning,and AssessmentSusanne M. Tumelty, Dir., Institutional Research,Planning, and Assessment (Higher Ed.Officer): B.A., Univ. of the State of New York;M.A., M.S., Long Island Univ.; Ph.D., CityUniv. of New York.LibrarySandrea DeMinco, Acting Chief Librarian &Prof.: B.A., State Univ. of New York atOneonta; M.A., Hunter Coll.; M.S.L., C.W.Post Coll. of Long Island Univ.Office of Grants And ContractsBarbara Bralver, Dir., Office of Grants andContracts: B.A., Carnegie Inst. of Tech.Maria Reaves, Mgr., Animal Care Facility: B.A.,Lehman Coll.Academic Deans and StaffAdult and Continuing EducationMichael Paull, Dean of Adult and ContinuingEd.; Assoc. Prof., Engl.: A.B., Univ. of Michigan;M.A., Cornell Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. ofNorth Carolina.Marzie A. Jafari, Assoc. Dean of Adult andContinuing Ed.: Dir., CUNY on the Concourse:B.A., M.A., Hunter Coll.Arts and HumanitiesMarlene D. Gottlieb, Dean of Arts andHumanities; Prof., Langs. & Lits.: A.B., HunterColl.; M.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Erica Waller Matthews, Exec. Asst. to Dean ofArts and Humanities (Higher Ed. Assoc.): A.A.,Bronx Community Coll.; B.A., Lehman Coll.EducationAnnette D. Digby, Dean of Education; Prof.,Middle & H.S. Ed.: B.S., M.Ed., MississippiState Univ.; Ed.D., Univ. of Alabama.Susan Polirstok, Assoc. Dean of Education;Prof., Sp. Serv. in Ed.: B.A., M.S., City Coll. ofNew York; Ed.D., Teachers Coll., ColumbiaUniv.Maryann Gerbacia, Exec. Asst. to Dean ofEducation (Higher Ed. Assoc.): B.A., LehmanColl.; M.A., M.Phil., Columbia Univ.Natural and Social SciencesWilliam A. Tramontano, Acting Provost andSenior Vice Pres. for Acad. Affairs; Prof., Bio.Sciences: B.S., Manhattan Coll.; M.S., Ph.D.,New York Univ.Jane E. Mottus, Exec. Assoc. to Dean of Naturaland Soc. Sci. (Higher Ed. Officer.): B.A., AmericanUniv.; M.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Office of The Associate Provost andAssistant Vice President for EnrollmentManagementRobert C. Troy, Assoc. Provost and Asst. VicePres. for Enrollment Management: B.S., Univ. ofHartford; Ph.D., Purdue Univ.Academic Advising, Standards,and EvaluationLiliana Calvet, Dir., Undergraduate AcademicAdvisement Center (Higher Ed. Officer): B.A.,Lehman Coll.; M.A., New York Univ.Denise Sands Baéz, Academic Adviser (HigherEd. Asst.): B.A., Lehman Coll.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 199

Robert Bradley, Graduate Studies Adviser(Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., Univ. of Manitoba;M.A., Univ. of Oregon; Ph.D., City Univ. ofNew York.Angie Oberhelman, Academic Adviser (HigherEd. Asst.): B.A., New York Univ.; M.S.Ed.,Fordham Univ.Lisa Richardson, Academic Adviser (HigherEd. Asst.): B.S., Long Island Univ.; M.S., BaruchColl.Raphael Rosado, Academic Adviser (HigherEd. Asst.): B.A., M.H.R., Univ. of Oklahoma;M.S.Ed., Lehman Coll.Marc Ward, Academic Adviser (Higher Ed.Assoc.): B.A., Antioch Coll.; M.A., New YorkUniv.AdmissionsClarence A. Wilkes, Dir., Admissions (HigherEd. Officer): B.A., Wilberforce Univ.; M.S.W.,Hunter Coll.Anthony Davis, Assoc. Dir., Admissions(Higher Ed. Assoc.): B.A., Lehman Coll.Liliana Grossman, Admissions Counselor (Asst.to Higher Ed. Officer): B.A., McGill Univ.Jennifer Kallicharan, Asst. Dir., Admissions(Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., Lehman Coll.Agron Matoshi, Admissions Counselor (Asst. toHigher Ed. Officer): B.A., Lehman Coll.Jennifer O'Sullivan, Asst. Dir., Admissions(Higher Ed. Asst.): B.S., Virginia PolytechnicInst.; M.S.Ed., Baruch Coll.Miguel Pacheco, Admissions Counselor (Asst. toHigher Ed. Officer): B.A., City Coll.Center For School/College Collaborativesand College NowAnne L. Rothstein, Dir., Center forSchool/Coll. Collaboratives; Prof., Early Childhood& Childhood Ed.: B.S., Brooklyn Coll.;M.A., Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Pedro Baez, Dir., College Now: B.A., ColgateUniv.Khema Chan, Program Assistant, College Now(Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., Lehman Coll.David Gantz, Coord., College Now (Higher Ed.Assoc.): B.A., New York Univ.; Ph.D. candidate,City Univ. of New York.Anne Walsh, Coord., CUNY GEAR UP: B.S.,St. John's Univ.: M.A., Lehman Coll.; M.A.and Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Coordinated Freshman Programs(C.F.P.) & English Composition & E.S.L.Steven Wyckoff, Dir., C.F.P., English Compostition,E.S.L. (Higher Ed. Officer): B.A.,Lehman Coll.; M.A. and A.B.D., New YorkUniv.Jennifer Alessi, Asst. Dir., C.F.P. & EnglishCompostition (Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., Univ. ofAlaska; M.F.A., Columbia Univ.Zenaida Martin, Coord., C.F.P. (Info. Systems)Instructional Support ServicesAlthea Forde, Dir., Instructional Support Services;Coord., C.O.R.E. Program (Higher Ed.Officer): B.A., Coll. of the Holy Cross; M.Ed.,Harvard Univ.Sarah Blazer, Writing and Literacy Coord.,Instructional Support Services (Higher Ed. Asst.):B.A., South Carolina Honors Coll., Univ. ofSouthern California; M.A., Long Island Univ.Marisol Jimenez, Asst. Dir., Instructional SupportServices (Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., SUNYAlbany; M.A., Purdue Univ.RegistrarLisa Freeland, Senior Registrar (Higher Ed.Officer): B.A., Queens Coll.; M.P.A., LongIsland Univ.Suilan Berges, TAP Coord (Asst. to Higher Ed.Officer): B.A., City Coll.Lorraine Henderson, Mgr., Grad. Audit (HigherEd. Asst.): B.S., Long Island Univ.; M.S.,Hunter Coll.John Lucente, Mgr., Current Semester Information(Higher Ed. Asst.): B.S., Fordham Univ.Debbie Valentino-Ewing, Mgr., Academic Records(Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., Lehman Coll.Jean Warfel, Coord., Special Registration/CourseScheduling (Asst. to Higher Ed. Officer): B.A.,Hunter Coll.; M.A., Univ. of California.Donna Yacovino, Deputy Registrar (Higher Ed.Asst.): B.A., Lehman Coll.S.E.E.K. (Searching For Evaluation Education& Knowledge) ProgramAnnette Hernandez, Dir., S.E.E.K. (HigherEd. Officer): Ph.D., New York Univ.Transfer, Summer, Weekend,And Study Abroad ProgramsLynne Van Voorhis, Assistant Dean, Transfer,Summer, Weekend, and Study Abroad Programs:B.A., Hunter Coll.; M.A., Middlebury Coll.;M.Phil., Columbia Univ.; J.D., Brooklyn LawSchool.Kerry Charron, Assoc. Dir., Transfer, Summer,Weekend, and Study Abroad Programs (HigherEd. Assoc.): B.A., SUNY Albany; M.A., WesternConn. State Univ., M.P.S., New York Inst. ofTechnologyTesting And ScholarshipsScott Dames, Dir., Testing & Scholarships(Higher Ed. Officer): B.A., M.A., Lehman Coll.Oscar Rigamonty, Senior Testing Coord. (Asst.to Higher Ed. Officer): B.A., Lehman Coll.OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT FORADMINISTRATIONDerek C. Wheeler, Vice Pres. for Administration:B.A., Dartmouth Coll.; M.B.A., ColumbiaUniv.Marjorie Blum, Administrator, Finance &Budget; B.A., Brooklyn Coll.Ugo Fariselli, Controller/Deputy Business Manager(Higher Ed. Officer): A.A.S., BronxComm. Coll.; B.A., Lehman Coll.John Klonowski, Environmental Health &Safety Officer (Higher Ed. Associate); B.S., CityColl. of New YorkSandra L. Laureano, Dir. of Human Resources(Higher Ed. Officer): B.A., Lehman Coll.Dominick Laperuta, Dir. of Public Safety:A.A., Westchester Community Coll.; B.S.,M.A., John Jay Coll. of Criminal Justice.Rene Rotolo, Dir. of Facilities & Planning(Higher Ed. Officer): B.F.A., Fashion Inst.of Tech.Steve Selwyn, Dir. of Budget and Payroll(Higher Ed. Officer): B.S., Oswego State Univ.;M.P.A., John Jay Coll. of Criminal Justice.OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT FORINSTITUTIONAL ADVANCEMENTAnne Johnson, Vice Pres. for InstitutionalAdvancement: B.S., Indiana Univ. of Pennsylvania;M.Ed., Univ. of Toledo; M.Ed., Ph.D.,Pennsylvania State Univ.Keisha-Gaye Anderson, Assoc. Dir., MediaRelations & Publications (Higher Ed. Assoc.):B.A., Syracuse Univ.Eva Bornstein, Exec. Dir., Lehman Center forthe Performing Arts Inc.: B.A., York Univ.Bernd Brecher, Executive Dir., Lehman Coll.Foundation: B.A., M.S., Columbia Univ.Seyna Bruskin, Writer/Researcher (Higher Ed.Assoc.): B.A., Univ. of Wisconsin.Barbara Cardillo, Publications Mgr. (HigherEd. Asst.): B.A., Lehman Coll.Susan Hoeltzel, Dir., Lehman Art Gallery:B.F.A., Univ. of South Alabama; M.A., NewYork Univ.Marge Rice, Dir., Media Relations & Publications(Higher Ed. Officer): B.A., St. John'sUniv.; M.S., Columbia Univ.Barbara Smith, Dir., Alumni Relations (HigherEd. Asst.): B.A., Lehman Coll.DIVISION OF STUDENT AFFAIRSJosé Magdaleno, Vice Pres. for Student Affairs:B.A., State Univ. of New York at Binghamton;M.S., Columbia Univ.John Augliera, Career Services Coord./Adviser(Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., St. Peter's Coll.; M.A.,New York Univ.Annecy Baez, Dir., Counseling Center (HigherEd. Officer): B.S., Pace Univ.; M.S., HunterColl.; Ph.D., New York Univ.Suilan Berges, T.A.P. Coord. (Asst. to HigherEd. Officer): B.A., City Coll. of New York.Dawn Barton, Dir., Child Care Center: B.A.,Pace Univ.; M.S., Coll. of New Rochelle.Marisol Berrios, Coord., Internships (HigherEd. Asst.): B.A., Lehman Coll.; M.A., ColumbiaUniv.200 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Nancy A. Cintrón, Dir., Career Services(Higher Ed. Assoc.): B.A., Hunter Coll.; M.S.,Coll. of Staten Island.Carmen M. Diaz, Clinical Counselor, B.S.,New York Univ.; M.S.W., Columbia Univ.Marie Gonzalez, Fin. Aid Adviser (Higher Ed.Asst.): B.A., Lehman Coll.Robert Harris, Mgr., Fitness Center (HigherEd. Assoc.): B.A., SUNY-Cortland, M.A., Univ.of Connecticut.William Hill, Assoc. Dir., Fin. Aid (Higher Ed.Assoc.): B.A., Ithaca Coll.John M. Holloway, Assoc. Dean for StudentAffairs: B.A., SUNY Old Westbury; M.A.,Montclair State Univ.Peter J. Kiernan, Aquatics Dir. (Higher Ed.Assoc.): B.A., M.S., Lehman Coll.Andrew Koo, Head Athletic Trainer (HigherEd. Asst.): B.A., SUNY Binghamton; M.S.,Long Island Univ.Cindy Kreisberg, Dir., Student Health Center:B.S., Syracuse Univ.; R.P.A.-C, PennsylvaniaState Univ.David Martinez, Dir., Fin. Aid (Higher Ed.Officer): B.A., Lehman Coll.Yvette Orench-Negron, Fin. Aid Counselor(Asst. to Higher Ed. Officer): B.A., HunterColl., M.S., Lehman Coll.Ann O'Sullivan, Coord. of International StudentServices (Higher Ed. Asst.): B.S., M.B.A.,Iona Coll.Eileen Pretzel-Morales, Fin. Aid Adviser(Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., M.S., Hunter Coll.Miriam Rivera, Fin. Aid Counselor (Asst. toHigher Ed. Officer): B.A., Lehman Coll.Javeria Shahab-Chaudry, Health Educator:B.S., Sienna Coll.Michael E. Sullivan, Dir., Campus Life: B.A.,Stonehill Coll.; M.Ed., Fordham Univ.Anisha Thomas, Career Services Coord./Adviser(Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., NewYork Univ.; M.A., George Washington Univ.Vincent Zucchetto, Exec. Asst. to the Vice Pres.of Student Affairs (Higher Ed. Officer): B.A.,Lehman Coll.Martin Zwiren, Dir. of Athletics/APEX (HigherEd. Officer): B.S., Univ. of Dayton; M.S.Ed.,Temple Univ.; P.D., Ed.D., Fordham Univ.OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT FORINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYZong-Guo Xia, Acting Vice Pres. for Info.Tech./Chief Info. Officer: B.S., Central SouthUniv. (China); M.A., M.S., SUNY Albany;Ph.D., CUNY Grad. CenterJoseph A. Middleton, Dir. of Info. Tech.Resources (Higher Ed. Officer): B.S., NorthCarolina State Univ.; M.A., Wake ForestUniv.; M.Div., Union Theo. Sem.Jerold Barnard, Mgr. of User, Media, andProgram Support Serv. (Higher Ed. Officer):B.A., Lehman Coll.Richelieu W. Campbell, Mgr. of TelecommunicationsServices (Assistant to Higher Ed.Officer): B.A., Univ. of Liberia; M.B.A.,Adelphi Univ.Venu Gopal, Mgr. of Networks, Servers, andAdvanced Systems (Computer Systems Manager):Diploma, S.J. Polytechnic; Post Diploma,School of Engineering Studies(India)Joseph A. Medved, Database Administrator(Higher Ed. Officer): B.S., M.S., MoscowInst. of Economics & Statistics; Ph.D.,Moscow Tech. Inst.Kenneth Wong, Applications Systems Manager(Info. System Specialist): B.A., LehmanColl.FacultyDISTINGUISHED PROFESSORSThe Board of Trustees designates full professorsin The City University of New Yorkas “distinguished” for a body of work thathas advanced understanding and definednew directions of inquiry or creativity.Lehman College is proud that six membersof its current faculty have achieved thisselective rank, reserved for a very smallgroup of highly influential scholars andartists.Eugene ChudnovskyDistinguished Professor, Physics & AstronomyWilliam J. CollinsDistinguished Professor, EnglishJohn P. CoriglianoDistinguished Professor, MusicJoseph W. DaubenDistinguished Professor, HistoryAdam KoranyiDistinguished Professor, Mathematics &Computer ScienceVictor PanDistinguished Professor, Mathematics &Computer SciencePERMANENT INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF(TEACHING)The faculty listing contains the names of thefull time instructional staff as ofFebruary 13, 2007.Accumanno, Peter M., Chief Coll. Lab. Tech.,Chem.: B.S., Lehman Coll.Ackerman, Evelyn B., Prof., Hist.: A.B., RadcliffeColl.; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard Univ.Aisemberg, Gabriel, Assoc. Prof., Biol. Sci.:M.Sci., Ph.D., Univ. of Buenos Aires, Argentina.Akan, Alice, M. Lect., Nurs.: B.S., Univ. ofWashington; M.A., New York Univ.Alborn, Timothy, Assoc. Prof., Hist.: B.A.,Ph.D., Harvard Univ.Alex, Jonathan, Lecturer, Soc. & Soc. Wk.:Lehman Coll.; M.S.W., New York Univ.School of Soc. Wk.Anderson, James, Asst. Prof., Engl.: A.B.,Washington Univ.; M.S., Columbia Univ.Avidon, Elaine, Lect., Early Childh. & Childh.Ed.: B.A., Univ. of Vermont; M.S., Bank StreetColl.Bacarella, Flavia, Asst. Prof., Art: B.A., StateUniv. of New York, Albany; M.A., New Schoolfor Soc. Research; M.F.A., Brooklyn Coll.Bailey, Nathalie, Assoc. Prof., Engl.: M.A.,Hunter Coll.; Ph.D., City Univ. of New YorkGrad. Center.Bahadourian, Ara John, Asst. Prof, Sp. Svcs. inEd., B.A., Baruch Coll.; M.S., Fordham Univ.,M.Ph., Ph.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Bamshad-Alavi, Maryam, Lect., Biol. Sci.: B.S.,M.S., Ph.D., Univ. of Mass. Banoum,Bard, Anne B., Lect., Journalism, Com. & Theatre:B.A., M.A., New York Univ.Basile, Dominick V., Prof., Biol. Sci.: B.S.,Manhattan Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Battipaglia, Diana M., Prof., Mus.: B.S., M.S.,Juilliard School; D.M.A., Eastman School ofMusic.Baumrin, Bernard H., Prof., Philos.: B.A.,Ohio State Univ.; Ph.D., Johns HopkinsUniv.; J.D., Columbia Univ.Baxter, Michael J., Sr. Coll. Lab. Tech., Biol.Sci.: B.A., Lehman Coll.Benefo, Kofi, Asst. Prof., Soc. & Soc. Wk.: B.A.,Univ. of Ghana; M.A., Univ. of Iowa; Ph.D.,Univ. of Mich.Bergad, Laird W., Prof., Lat. Amer. & PuertoRican Studies: B.A., Univ. of Wisconsin; M.A.,Ph.D., Univ. of Pittsburgh.Berger, Charles, Prof., Math. & Computer Sci.:B.E., Ph.D., Cornell Univ.Bernstein, Deena K., Prof., Speech-Lang.-Hearing Sci.: B.A., Brooklyn Coll.; M.A., TempleUniv.; Ph.D., City Univ. of New YorkGrad. Center.Blanco, Walter, Prof., Engl.: A.B., ColumbiaUniv.; A.M., Ph.D., Harvard Univ.Bloom, Ira, Prof., Polit. Sci.: B.A., City Coll.Of New York; J.D., Harvard Univ.Blot, Richard, Assoc. Prof., Journalism, Com.,& Theatre: A.B., Fordham Univ.; M.A., Ph.D.,New School for Soc. Research.Blum, Antoinette, Prof., Langs. & Lits.: A.B.,Univ. of California, Berkeley; Ph.D., YaleUniv.Bonastia, Christopher, Asst. Prof., Soc. & Soc.Wk.: B.A., Univ. of Virginia; M.A., Ph.D., NewYork Univ.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 201

Boyar, Andrea, Assoc. Prof., Health Sci.: B.S.,M.N.S., Ph.D., Cornell Univ.Bradshaw, Russell P., Assoc. Prof., Middle &High School Ed.: B.A., Wesleyan Univ.; M.Ed.,Ed.D., Harvard Univ.Bray, Norman F., Assoc. Prof., Chem.: B.S.,Ph.D., Univ. of Louisville.Bresnahan, Jean L., Assoc. Prof., Psychol.: A.B.,Smith Coll.; M.A., Univ. of Houston; Ph.D.,Emory Univ.; J.D., Columbia Univ.Broderick, Herbert R., III, Assoc. Prof., Art:A.B., Columbia Coll.; M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Brown, Marcia, Senior College Lab Tech.,Nurs., B.A., M.S., Lehman Coll.Brown, Melissa C., Asst. Prof., Art: B.F.A.,Rhode island School of Design; M.F.A., YaleUniv.Bueno, Etina, System & Net. Admin., Math. &Computer Sci. (Higher Ed. Asst.): B.A., M.S.,Lehman Coll.Bullaro, Grace, Asst. Prof., Engl.: B.A., CityColl. of New York; M.A., SUNY Stony Brook;Ph.D., SUNY Stony Brook.Burke, Martin, Assoc. Prof., Hist.: B.A., CityColl. of New York; M.A., Ph.D., Univ. ofMichigan.Byland, Bruce, Prof., Anthro.: B.A., RiceUniv.; M.A., Ph.D., Pennsylvania State Univ.Campbell, Eleanor, Asst. Prof., Nurs.: B.S.,Alfred Univ.; M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D., TeachersColl., Columbia Univ.Carey, Rosalind, Asst. Prof., Philos.: B.A.,Assumption Coll.; Ph.D., Boston Univ.Carling, Robert, Lect., Engl.: B.A., BrooklynColl.; M.A., New York Univ.Carney, James T., Asst. Prof., Journalism, Com.& Theatre: B.A., Fordham Univ.; M.A., Coll. ofNew Rochelle.Cavallo, Stephen A., Assoc. Prof., Speech-Lang.-Hearing Sci.: B.S., State Univ. College ofNew York, Oneonta; M.S., Teachers Coll.,Columbia Univ.; Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Cervantes-Cervantes, Miguel, Asst. Prof., Bio.Sci.: B.S., M.S., Escuela Nacional de CienciasBiológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Mexico; Ph.D., Rutgers Univ.Chatha, Jaspal, Asst. Prof., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: B.S., M.A., Louisiana State Univ.; Ph.D.,New School for Social Research.Cheng, Hai-ping, Asst. Prof., Biol. Sci.: B.S.,M.S., Fudan Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. of Massachusettsat Amherst.Cheng, Terrence, Asst. Prof. Engl.: B.A.,SUNY, Binghamton; M.F.A., Univ. of Miami.Chen-Hayes, Stuart F., Assoc. Prof., Sp. Serv.in Ed.: B.A., M.Ed., Indiana Univ.; Ph.D. KentState Univ.Chudnovsky, Eugene, Dist. Prof., Phys. &Astron.: B.S.-M.S., Ph.D., Kharkov Univ.(Ukraine).Chung, Kuk-Soo, Lect., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: B.A., Seoul Natl. Univ., Korea; A.B.,Dartmouth Coll.; M.A., Yale Univ.Cirace, John, Prof., Econ., Acct., & Bus. Adm.:B.A., Harvard Coll.; LL.B., Stanford Univ.;M.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Cockram, Patricia, Asst. Prof., Engl.: B.S.,Georgetown Univ.; M.A., San Francisco StateUniv.; M.A., City Coll. of New York; Ph.D.,City Univ. of New York Grad. Center.Colburn, Forrest D., Prof., Lat. Amer. &Puerto Rican Studies: B.A., Univ. of California,Santa Cruz; M.A., Ph.D., Cornell Univ.Collins, William J., Dist. Prof., Engl.: B.S.,Coll. of the Holy Cross; M.A., Ph.D., Univ. ofCalifornia, Riverside.Conroy, Thomas, Lect., Soc. & Soc. Wk: B.A.,St. Peter's Coll.; M.A., Univ of Wisconsin atMadison; Ph.D., Boston Univ.Corbin, George A., Prof., Art: B.A., OaklandUniv.; M.A., Bucknell Univ.; M.A., Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Corigliano, John P., Dist. Prof., Mus.: B.A.,Columbia Coll.Danzger, M. Herbert, Prof., Soc. & Soc. Wk.:B.A., Yeshiva Univ.; M.A., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Dauben, Joseph W., Dist. Prof., Hist.: A.B.,Claremont Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard Univ.DellaCava, Frances A., Dir. of Adult DegreeProg. and Asst. Prof, Soc. & Soc. Wk.: A.B.,Hunter Coll.; M.A., Columbia Univ.; Ph.D.,Fordham Univ.Delson, Eric, Prof., Anthro.: A.B., HarvardColl.; Ph.D., Columbia Univ.DeMinco, Sandrea, Assc. Prof., Libr.: B.A.,State Univ. of New York at Oneonta; M.A.,Hunter Coll.; M.S.L., C.W. Post Coll. of LongIsland Univ.Craig Demmer, Assoc. Prof., Health Sci.:B.S.S., Univ. of Natal (South Africa); M.A.,Brooklyn Coll.; Ed.D., Columbia Univ.;Ph.D., Univ. Natal.Dossous, Yves, College Lab. Tech., Journalism,Com., & Theatre.Deveaux, Faith, Assoc. Prof., Sp. Svcs. in Ed.:B.A., Skidmore Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., New YorkUniv.DiGangi, Mario, Asst. Prof., Engl.: A.B., A.M.,M. Phil., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.DiPaolo, Maria Grazia, Prof., Langs. & Lits.:B.A., Hunter Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Digby, Annette, Prof., Middle & H.S. Ed.: B.S.,M.Ed., Mississippi State Univ.; Ed.D., AlabamaUniv.Diz, Marta Ana, Prof., Langs. & Lits.: M.A.,Ph.D., Univ. of Maryland.Dougherty, Charles M., Assoc. Prof., Chem.:A.B., Williams Coll.; Ph.D., PennsylvaniaState Univ.Downs, Frederick, Prof., Chem.: A.B., HunterColl.; M.S., Ph.D., New York Med. Coll.Doyle, Brian Leahy, Asst. Prof., Journalism,Com., & Theatre: B.S., Univ. of West Platteville;M.F.A., Univ. of Utah.Dubetz, Nancy, Asst. Prof., Early Childh. &Childh. Ed.: B.A., Kent State Univ.; M.A., OhioState Univ.; Ed.D., Teachers Coll., ColumbiaUniv.Dubler, Walter, Assoc. Prof., Engl.: B.A., YeshivaUniv.; M.A., Tulane Univ.; Ph.D., HarvardUniv.Dunbar, Clement, III, Asst. Prof., Engl.: B.A.,M.A., Occidental Coll.; Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Eschenauer, Robert, Asst. Prof., Sp. Svcs. inEduc., B.A., St. Francis Coll., M.S., Ph.D., St.John's Univ.Esteves, Carmen C., Assoc. Prof., Langs. &Lits.: B.A., Univ. of Puerto Rico; Ph.D., CityUniv. of New York Grad. Center.Feinerman, Robert P., Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Yeshiva Univ.Fendelman, Earl B., Assoc. Prof., Engl.: B.A.,Univ. of Chicago; M. Phil., Ph.D., Yale Univ.Fernández, Ricardo R., Pres. and Prof., Langs.& Lits.: B.A., M.A., Marquette Univ.; M.A.,Ph.D., Princeton Univ.Fernandez, Rogelio, Asst. Prof., Early Child.& Childh. Ed.: B.S., Long Island Univ.; M.A.,New York Univ.; Ph.D., Fordham Univ.Ferraro, Michael, Assoc. Prof., Art: B.F.A.,Syracuse Univ.; M.F.A., Univ. of Massachusettsat Amherst.Fields, Judith, Asst. Prof., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: B.A., M.U.P., Ph.D., New York Univ.Fiol-Matta, Licia, Assoc. Prof., Lat. Amer. &Puerto Rican Studies: B.A., Princeton Univ.;M.A., Ph.D., Yale Univ.Fisch, Oscar, Prof., Econ., Acct., & Bus. Adm.:M.A., Architecture, Univ. of Buenos Aires;M.C.P., Harvard Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. of California,Berkeley.Fisher, William G., Asst. Prof., Engl.: B.A.,Vanderbilt Univ.; M.A., Ph.D., Univ. of Pennsylvania.Fitting, Melvin C., Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.S., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst.; M.S.,Ph.D., Yeshiva Univ.Flam, Louis, Assoc. Prof., Anthro.: B.A., RutgersUniv.; M.A., Ph.D., Univ. of Pennsylvania.Fleitas, Joan, Assoc. Prof., Nurs.: B.S. FloridaState Univ., M.N., Emory Univ., Ed.D.,Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.202 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Fletcher, David, Asst. Prof., Middle & H.S. Ed.,B.A., Appalachian State Univ.; M.A., Univ. ofMichigan; Ph.D., New York Univ.Folsom, Christy, Asst. Prof., Early Childh. &Childh. Ed.: B.S., Brigham Young Univ.; M.S.,Oregon Coll. of Ed.; Ed.M., Ed.D., TeachersColl., Columbia Univ.Ford, Madeline, Asst. Prof., Libr.: B.B.A, BaruchColl.; M.L.S, Rutgers Univ.; M.S. Edu.,Baruch Coll.Frederickson, Keville, Prof., Nurs.: B.S., ColumbiaUniv.; M.Ed., Ed.D., Teachers Coll.,Columbia Univ.Freedberg, Sharon, Assoc. Prof., Soc. & Soc.Wk.: B.A., City Coll. of New York; M.S.W.,State Univ. of New York at Buffalo; D.S.W.,Columbia Univ.Gafur, Bibi N., Senior Coll. Lab Tech., Chem.:B.S., Lehman Coll.; M.S., City Coll. of NewYork.Galli, Nicholas A., Prof., Health Serv.: B.S.,M.S., Brooklyn Coll.; Ph.D., Univ. of Illinois.Ganjian, Iraj, Prof., Chem.: Pharm.D., TehranUniv. (Iran); M.S., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Gee, Ka-Chuen, Higher Ed. Assoc., Libr.: B.A.,New York Univ; M.L.S., Columbia Univ.;M.S. Ed., Lehman Coll.Georges, Catherine Alicia, Asst. Prof., Nurs.:B.S.N., Seton Hall Univ.; M.A., New YorkUniv.; Ed.D., Univ. of Vermont.Gerry, Christopher C., Prof., Phys. & Astron.:B.A., M.S., Univ. of Maine; Ph.D., State Univ.of New York at Albany.Ghezzo, Marta, Prof., Mus.: Ph. D., City Univ.of New York Grad. Center.Gillison, David A., Assoc. Prof., Art: M.F.A.,Natl. Gallery of Art, Victoria School of Art,Australia.Gitterman, Martin, Prof., Speech-Lang.-Hearing Sci.: B.A., Hunter Coll.; M.A., LehmanColl.; Ph.D., City Univ. of New YorkGrad. Center.Gningue, Serigne M., Asst. Prof., Middle &H.S. Ed.: B.S., Univ. of Dakar; M.A., LehmanColl.; M.Phil., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Gottlieb, Barbara, Prof., Sp. Svcs. in Ed.: B.A.,Univ. of Pittsburgh; M.Ed., Lesley Coll.;Ed.D., Northern Illinois Univ.Gottlieb, Marlene D., Prof., Langs. & Lits.: A.B.,Hunter Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Graulau, Jeannette, Assist. Prof., Pol. Sci.: B.A.,Univ. of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus;Ph.D., Syracuse Univ.Gross, Morris B., Assoc. Prof., Middle & H.S.Ed.: B.A., Brooklyn Coll.; Ed.D., TeachersColl., Columbia Univ.Guiñazú, María, Assoc. Prof., Langs. & Lits.:M.S., Southern Conn. State Coll.; M.A., Ph.D.,Yale Univ.Gulla, Amanda N., Asst. Prof., Middle & H.S.Ed.: B.A., M.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Haghighat, Elhum, Asst. Prof., Soc. & Soc.Wk.: B.A., Rutgers Univ.; M.A., Univ. of Texas;Ph.D., Univ. of Maryland.Halliday, Wayne, Lectr., Libr.: B.S., LehmanColl.Handel, Michael, Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.A., Brandeis Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. ofCalifornia, Berkeley.Hanges, Nicholas, Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.S., City Coll. of New York; M.S., Ph.D.,Purdue Univ.Happaney, Keith R., Asst. Prof., Psych.: B.A.,Lehman Coll., 1992; M.A., Ph.D, Univ. ofCalifornia, Santa BarbaraHyman, David, Instr., Middle & H.S. Ed.: B.A.,Vassar Coll.; M.A., Manhattanville Coll.Harushimana, Immaculee, Asst. Prof., Middle& H.S. Ed.: B.A., Univ. of Burundi, M.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Hattori, Tomohisa, Asst. Prof., Pol. Sci.: B.A.,Sarah Lawrence Coll.; M.A.L.D., FletcherSchool of Law & Dipl., Tufts Univ.; Ph.D.,Yale Univ.Hoffman, William M., Assoc. Prof., Journalism,Com., & Theatre: B.A., City Coll. of NewYork.Holody, Richard, Asst. Prof., Soc. & Soc. Wk.:B.A., St. John's Univ.; M.S.W., ColumbiaUniv.; D.S.W., Yeshiva Univ.Honig, Susan, Asst. Prof., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: B.S., Lehman Coll.; M.S., Pace Univ.Hosay, Cynthia K., Assoc. Prof., Health Sci.:B.A., M.A., Univ. of Michigan; M.A., Ph.D.,New York Univ.Humpherys, Anne, Prof., Engl.: B.A., StanfordUniv.; M.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Hurley, Dene, Asst. Prof., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: B.S., City Univ. of London; M.S.,Univ. of Bath; Ph.D., Northeastern Univ.Hyatt, Jack H., Prof., Mus.: B.F.A., Univ. ofNew Mexico; M.Mus., D.M.A., Boston Univ.Ihde, Thomas, Assoc. Prof., Middle & H.S. Ed.:B.A., St. Mary's Univ., Texas; M. Phil., Ph.D.,Univ. of Dublin (Trinity Coll.); Dip., Univ. ofIreland, Galway.Jacobson, Barbara, Asst. Prof., Soc. & Soc.Wk.: B.A., De Pauw Univ.; M.A., Yale Univ.Div. School; Ph.D., Northwestern Univ.Jensen, Thomas E., Prof., Biol. Sci.: B.A.,Wartburg Coll.; M.A., South Dakota StateUniv.; Ph.D., Iowa State Univ.Jervis, James A., Assoc. Prof., Afr. and Afr. Am.Studies: A.B., Hunter Coll.; Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Jia, Xiangdong, Asst. Prof., Psych.: B.A., M.A.,Beijing Univ.; M.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Jiménez, Elpidio, Sr. Coll. Lab. Tech., Phys. &Astron.: A.S., Broward Comm. Coll.; B.S.,M.S., Lehman Coll.Jones, Liesl, Asst. Prof., Biol. Sci.: B.S., FordhamUniv.; Ph.D., Medical Coll. of Pennsylvaniaand Hannemann Univ.Joseph, Gerhard J., Prof., Engl.: A.B., M.A.,Univ. of Connecticut; Ph.D., Univ. of Minnesota.Jung, Gwang, Assoc. Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.E., M.E., Kyungpook Nat. Univ.; Ph.D.,Univ. of Louisiana, Lafayette.Kahn, Jessica, Asst. Prof., Soc. & Soc. Wk.:B.A., Davidson Coll.; M.S.W., George WarrenBrown School of Soc. Wk., WashingtonUniv.; Ph.D., Columbia Univ. School ofSoc.Wk.Kamen-Friedman, Michele, Asst. Prof., Econ.,Acct., & Bus. Adm.: B.A., Queens Coll.; M.B.A.,St. John's Univ.Karabali, Dimitra, Assoc. Prof., Phys. & Astron.:B.S., Univ. of Athens, Greece; Ph.D.,Yale Univ.Karp, Leon, Prof., Math. & Computer Sci.: B.A.,Yeshiva Univ.; M.S., Ph.D., New York Univ.Kayaalp, Orhan, Assoc. Prof., Econ., Acct., &Bus. Adm.: B.A., Ankara Univ.; M.B.A., FairleighDickinson Univ.; M.A., Hunter Coll.;M.Phil., Ph.D., City Univ. of New York Grad.Center.Keen, Linda, Prof., Math. & Computer Sci.:B.S., City Coll. of New York; M.S., Ph.D., NewYork Univ.Kennelly, Edward, Assoc. Prof., Biol. Sci.: B.A.,Colby Coll.; Ph.D., Washington Univ.Kim, Young Kun, Assoc. Prof., Pol. Sci.: A.B.,Bucknell Univ.; Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Kincaid, Dwight T., Prof., Biol. Sci.: B.A.,Pfieffer Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., Wake Forest Univ.Kirchheimer, Donna Wilson, Assoc. Prof.,Pol. Sci.: B.A., Univ. of Chicago; M.I.A., Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Kleiman, Susan, Asst. Prof., Nurs.: B.S., M.S.,Ph.D., Adelphi Univ.Klein, Nancy, Asst. Prof., Early Childh. &Childh. Ed.: B.A., Case Western Univ.; M.S.,Bank Street Coll.; Ed.D., Teachers Coll., ColumbiaUniv.Klonowski, John E., Sr. Coll. Lab. Tech.,Chem.: B.S., M.S., City Coll. of New York.Kluger, Alan, Prof., Psych.: B.A., M.A., QueensColl.; Ph.D., City Univ. of New York Grad.Center.Kolb, Patricia, Asst. Prof., Soc. & Soc. Wk.:B.A., Butler Univ.; M.S.S.A., Case WesternReserve Univ.; M.A., Ph.D., New School forSoc. Research.Koranyi, Adam, Dist. Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: Diploma, Univ. of Szegad (Hungary);Ph.D., Univ. of Chicago.Kraus, James A., Asst. Prof., Econ., Acct., &Bus. Adm.: B.S., Cornell Univ.; J.D., ColumbiaUniv. School of Law.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 203

Kunstler, Robin, Assoc. Prof., Health Sci.:B.A., State Univ. of New York, Albany; M.S.,Northeastern Univ.; D. Rec., Indiana Univ.Laderman, Julian D., Assoc. Prof., Math.& Computer Sci.: B.A., M.S., Ph.D., NewYork Univ.Lagos, Maria, Assoc. Prof., Anthro.: B.A., M.A.,M.Phil., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Lakic, Nikola, Assoc. Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.S., Univ. of Belgrade; Ph.D., CityUniv. of New York Grad. Center.LaRuffa, Anthony L., Prof., Anthro.: B.A., CityColl. of New York; M.A., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Lavin, David E., Prof., Soc. & Soc. Wk.: B.A.,Colby Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Lazarus, Marc S., Prof., Chem.: B.S., City Coll.of New York; M.A., Ph.D., Princeton Univ.LeGall, Dina, Asst. Prof., Hist.: B.A., Tel AvivUniv.; M.A., Ph.D., Princeton Univ.Lerner, Helen M., Assoc. Prof., Nurs.: B.S.,Skidmore Coll.; M.Ed., Ed.D., Teachers Coll.,Columbia Univ.; PNP Cert., Hunter Coll.Lervold, Anna M., Lect., Lat. Amer. & PuertoRican Studies: B.Mus.Ed., Cons. of Mus.; B.S.,Coll. of the Sacred Heart, Puerto Rico; M.A.,New York Univ.Lerzundi, Patricio, Prof., Journalism, Com., &Theatre: B.A., Columbia Univ.; Ph.D., CityUniv. of New York Grad. Center.Leung, Irene S., Prof., Env., Geog., & Geol.Sci.: B.A., Univ. of Hong Kong; M.A., OhioState Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. of California, Berkeley.Levey, Sandra K., Asst. Prof., Speech-Lang.-Hearing Sci.: B.A., M.A., Wayne State Univ.;M.A., Stanford Univ.; Ph.D., City Univ. ofNew York Grad. Center.Levitt, Jane E., Assoc. Prof., Health Sci.: B.A.,Barnard Coll.; M.P.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Lewittes, Joseph, Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Yeshiva Univ.Lieberman, Katherine, Sr. Coll. Lab. Tech.,Biol. Sci.: B.A., M.A., Lehman Coll.Lizardi, Humberto, Asst. Prof., Psychol.: B.A.,State Univ. of New York at Binghamton;M.A., Ph.D., State Univ. of New York at StonyBrook.Locke, John L., Prof., Speech-Lang.-Hearing Sci.: B.A., Ripon Coll.; M.A.,Ph.D., Ohio Univ.Lundeen, Eleanor, Assoc. Prof., Nurs.:B.S., Rutgers State Univ.; M.Ed., Ed.D.,Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.; PNPCert., Hunter Coll.Lundy, Theresa, Lect., Nurs.: B.S., M.S., LehmanColl.Maantay, Juliana, Asst. Prof., Env., Geog., &Geol. Sci.: B.S., Cornell Univ.; M.U.P., NewYork Univ.; M.A., Hunter Coll.; M. Phil.,Ph.D., Rutgers Univ.Maldonado, Nancy, Assoc. Prof., Early Childh.& Childh. Ed.: B.A., M.S.Ed., Lehman Coll.;Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Manier, David, Asst. Prof., Psych.: B.A., Univ.of Chicago; M. Div., Harvard Univ.; Ph.D.,New School for Soc. Research.Marianetti, Marie, Assoc. Prof., Hist.: B.A.,M.A., California State Univ. at Los Angeles;M.A., Ph.D., Univ. of Southern California.Martinez, Herminio, Prof., Middle & H.S. Ed.:B.A., Manhattan Coll.; M.S., St. John's Univ.;Ph.D., City Univ. of New York Grad. Center.Massa, Janis, Asst. Prof., Engl.: B.A., M.A., SanFrancisco State Univ.; M.A., Ph.D., New YorkUniv.Maybee, Julie, Asst. Prof., Phil.: B.J., B.A.,Carleton Univ.; Ph.D., Cornell Univ.Mazza, Carl, Asst. Prof., Soc. & Soc. Wk.: B.A.,Dowling Coll.; M.S.W., D.S.W., WurzweilerSchool of Soc. Work, Yeshiva Univ.McDonald, John P., Assoc. Prof., Psych.: B.S.,Rutgers Univ.; M.A., Seton Hall Univ.; Ph.D.,State Univ. of New York at Stony Brook.McNamee, Abigail S., Prof., Early Childh. &Childh. Ed.: B.A., M.Ed., Westminister Coll.;M.S., M. Phil., Ph.D., City Univ. of New YorkGrad. Center; Ed.D., Univ. of Pittsburgh.Mendelsohn, Richard L., Prof., Philos.: B.A.,Cornell Univ.; Ph.D., Massachusetts Inst. ofTech.Menéndez, Barbara, Assoc. Prof., Health Sci.:B.A., Univ. of Wisconsin; M.P.H., Ph.D.,Univ. of Pittsburgh.Mifflin, Margot, Asst. Prof., Engl.: B.A., OccidentalColl.; M.A., New York Univ.Mineka, John C., Assoc. Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.A., Cornell Univ.; M.A., Univ. ofCalifornia, Berkeley; Ph.D., Cornell Univ.Montero, Oscar, Prof., Langs. & Lits.: B.A.,M.A., Ph.D., Univ. of North Carolina.Moran, Madeline H., Prof., Soc. & Soc. Wk.:B.A., Barnard Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., FordhamUniv.Mosak, Richard, Prof., Math. & Computer Sci.:A.B., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Munch, Janet Butler, Assc. Prof., Libr.: B.A.,Mercy Coll.; M.L.S., Pratt Inst.; D.L.S., ColumbiaUniv.Muñoz-Millanes, José, Prof., Langs. & Lits.:Ph.D., Johns Hopkins Univ.Muntzel, Martin, Assoc. Prof., Biol. Sci.: B.S.,Lewis & Clark Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., OregonHealth Sciences Univ.Murphy, Brian, Instr., Math. & Computer Sci.:B.S., M.S., Lehman Coll.Murrell, Anthony, Lect., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: B.S., Lehman Coll.; M.B.A., Univ. ofPhoenix; C.P.A., New York State.Nathanson, Melvyn B., Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.A., Univ. of Pennsylvania; M.A.,Ph.D., Univ. of Rochester.Navarro, Alberto, Lect., S.E.E.K. Advisementand Counseling: A.A., New York City Com.Coll.; B.A., M.A., City Coll. of New York;M.S., Lehman Coll.; Ph.D., New York Univ.Ngo-Ngijol Banoum, Bertrade B. Asst. Prof.,Afr. and Afr. Am. Studies: B.A., Univ. ofYaoundé (Cameroon); M.Litt., Univ. ofEdinburg (Scotland); Ph.D., Univ. of Essex(Engl.).Noueihed, Salah, Coll. Lab. Tech., Anthro.:B.A., Lehman Coll.O'Hanlon, Thomas, Lect., Journalism, Com.,& Theatre: B.A., Fordham Univ.Pan, Victor, Dist. Prof., Math. & Computer Sci.:Ph.D., Moscow State Univ. (Russia).Pant, Hari, Asst. Prof., Env., Geog., & Geol.Sci.: B.Sc., Tribhuvan Univ. (Nepal); M.Sc.,Univ. of Aberdeen (Scotland); Ph.D., DalhousieUniv. (Canada).Pappantoniou, Antonios, Chief Coll. Lab.Tech., Biol. Sci.: B.A., Lehman Coll.; M.S.,Long Island Univ.; Ph.D., Fordham Univ.Paull, Michael R., Dean of Adult and ContinuingEducation and Assoc. Prof., Engl.: A.B.,Univ. of Michigan; M.A., Cornell Univ.;Ph.D., Univ. of North Carolina.Perl, Sondra, Prof., Engl.: B.A., SimmonsColl.; M.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Phelps, Fred D., Prof., Psychol.: B.A., M.A.,Eastern New Mexico Univ.; Ph.D., NorthwesternUniv.Philipp, Manfred H.W., Prof., Chem.:B.S., Michigan Tech. Univ.; Ph.D.,Northwestern Univ.Phillips, Esther R., Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.S., Brooklyn Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., NewYork Univ.Phillips, Norma K., Assoc. Prof., Soc. & Soc.Wk.: B.A., Hunter Coll.; M.S.W., Hunter Coll.School of Soc. Work; D.S.W., WurzweilerSchool of Soc. Work, Yeshiva Univ.Phillips, Ruby, Asst. Prof., Psychol.: B.A.,Pomona Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., Univ. of Illinois.Piccolomini, Manfredi, Prof., Langs. & Lits.:Laurea, Univ. of Florence, Italy; Ph.D., HarvardUniv.Piña, Gerardo, Assoc. Prof., Langs. & Lits.:B.A., Queens Coll.; Ph.D., City Univ. of NewYork Grad. Center.Pinhasi-Vittorio, Limor, Asst. Prof., Sp. Svcs inEd., M.A., New York Univ., Ph.D., HofstraUniv.204 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Pirch, Kevin, Asst. Prof., Pol. Sci.: B.S., Univ.of Colorado at Boulder; M.S., Ph.D., Univ. ofOregon.Polashek, Timothy D., Asst. Prof., Mus.: B.A.,Grinnell Coll.; M.A., Dartmouth Coll.;D.M.A., Columbia Univ.Polirstok, Susan, Prof., Sp. Svcs. in Ed.: B.A.,M.S., City Coll. of New York; Ed.D., TeachersColl., Columbia Univ.Prince, Penny, Lect., Mus.: B.M., M.M., ManhattanSchool of Music.Prohaska, Vincent, Assoc. Prof., Psychol.: B.S.,Adelphi Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. of Chicago.Qian, Gaoyin, Assoc. Prof., Sp. Svcs. in Ed.:B.A., East China Norman Univ.; M.A.,Shanghai International Studies Univ.;M.S.Ed., Southwest Missouri Univ.; Ph.D.,Univ. of Georgia.Rachlin, David A., Computer Support Specialist(Asst. to Higher Ed. Officer): B.A., M.S., LehmanColl.Rachlin, Joseph W., Prof., Biol. Sci.: B.S., CityColl. of New York; M.S., Ph.D., New YorkUniv.Reid, Anne, Asst. Prof., Pysch.: B.S., Univ. ofToronto; M.A., Ph.D., City Univ. of New YorkGrad. Center.Reisz de Rivarola, Susana, Prof., Langs. &Lits.: Universidad de Buenos Aires Licenciada;Ph.D., Univ. of Heidelberg (Germany).Rénique, José Luis, Assoc. Prof., Hist.:B.A.,Universidad Católica del Perú; Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Renshon, Stanley A., Prof., Pol. Sci.: B.A.,Rutgers Univ.; M.A., American Univ.; Ph.D.,Univ. of Pennsylvania.Richards, John L., Assoc. Prof., Chem.: B.S.,Yale Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. of Chicago.Ricourt, Milagros, Assoc. Prof., Lat. Am. &Puerto Rican Studies: B.A., UniversidadAutonoma de Santo Domingo; M.A., Univ. ofFlorida; Ph.D., City Univ. of New York Grad.Center.Robertson, Andrew W., Assoc. Prof., Hist.:B.A., Franklin and Marshall Coll.; Ph.D.,Oxford Univ.Rodiguez, Ada, Lect., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: B.S., Lehman Coll.; M.B.A., ColumbiaUniv.Rodríguez, M. Victoria, Asst. Prof., EarlyChildh. & Childh. Ed: B.A., Univ. of Barcelona;M.A., City Coll. of New York; Ed.D., TeachersColl., Columbia Univ.Rosen, Marjorie, Assoc. Prof., Journalism,Com., & Theatre: B.A., Univ. of Michigan,M.S., New York Univ.Rosenthal, David M., Prof., Philos.: A.B., Univ.of Chicago; M.A., Ph.D., Princeton Univ.Rosholt, Rhys, Instr., Math. & Computer Sci.:A.A., Mississippi Gulf Coast Jr. Coll.; B.A.,M.S., Lehman Coll.Ross, Alexandra, Asst. Prof., Early Childh. &Childh. Ed.: B.A., Skidmore Coll.; M.A., M.Ed.,Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Ross, Marshall, Lect., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: B.S., Hunter Coll.; M.B.A., Long IslandUniv.; C.P.A., New York State.Rothchild, David J., Lect., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.S., City Coll. of New York; M.A.,Hunter Coll.Rothstein, Anne L., Dir. of School/Coll. Collaborativesand Prof., Early Childh. & Childh.Ed.: B.S., Brooklyn Coll.; M.A., Ed.D., TeachersColl., Columbia Univ.Sailor, Kevin, Assoc. Prof., Psychol.: B.A., Univ.of California, Berkeley; M.A., Ph.D., Univ. ofIllinois.Salamandra, Christa, Asst. Prof., Anthro.:B.A., M.A., New York Univ.; D. Phil., Univ. ofOxford.Salvatore, Ralph, Chair, Prof., Chem.: B.S.,Iona Coll.; M.S, SUNY Stony Brook; Ph.D.,Univ. of South Florida.Sanford, Victoria, Asst. Prof., Anthro.: B.A.,California State Univ., Sacramento; M.A.,San Francisco State Univ.; Certificate HumanRights Law, Inter-American Inst. ofHuman Rights; A.M., Ph.D., Stanford Univ.Sapadin, Rosa, Lect., Nurs.: B.S., M.S., LehmanColl.Saravia-Shore, Marietta, Assoc. Prof., EarlyChildh. & Childh. Ed.: B.A., Barnard Coll.;M.A., New School for Soc. Research; M.A.,Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.; M.Phil.,Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Schneider, Robert B., Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.S., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech.;Ph.D., Stanford Univ.Schroder, Barbara, Asst. Prof., Middle & H.S.Ed.: M.A., New York Univ.; Ph.D., RutgersUniv.Schwartz, Gary S., Dir., Macaulay HonorsCollege at Lehman, Lehman Scholars Prog., andProf., Langs. & Lits.: A.B., Columbia Coll.;B.A., M.A., Jesus Coll., Cambridge Univ.;Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Seplowin, Charles J., Assoc. Prof., Art: B.F.A.,New Hampshire Univ.; M.F.A., Rhode IslandSchool of Design.Sharav, Itzhak, Prof., Econ., Acct., & Bus. Adm.:B.A., New School for Soc. Research; M.B.A.,Baruch Coll.; Ph.D., City Univ. of New YorkGrad. Center; C.P.A., New York State.Shockett, Bernard, Prof., Mus.: B.Mus., ManhattanSchool of Mus.; M.A., Brooklyn Coll.;Ph.D., New York Univ.Shreiber, Chanoch, Prof., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: LL.B., Hebrew Univ. (Israel); LL.M.,Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Silverman, Helene J., Prof., Early Childh. &Childh. Ed.: B.A., M.S., Queens Coll.; Ph.D.,Fordham Univ.Skolnik, Janet, Lect., Art: B.A., BrooklynColl.; M.F.A., Pratt Inst.Sloan, Heather, Asst. Prof., Middle & H.S. Ed.:B.Sc., State Univ. of New York at Albany;M.A., Univ. of California at Santa Clara;Ph.D., Univ. of Paris 6.Smith, Constance Joye, Asst. Prof., Middleand H.S. Ed.: B.S., Univ. of North Carolina;M.A., Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Smith Gabig, Cheryl, Asst. Prof., Speech-Lang.-Hearing Sci.: B.S., Miami Univ.; M.S.,Emerson Coll.; Ph.D., Univ. of Connecticut.Soetart, Susan, College Lab. Technician, Journalism,Com., & Theatre: B.S., Univ. of Kansas;M.A., New York Univ.Sokol, Marilyn, Distinguished Lect., Journalism,Com., & Theatre: B.A., New York Univ.Sormani, Christina, Asst. Prof., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.A., New York Univ.; Ph.D., CourantInst. of Mathematical Science.Spear, Thomas, Prof., Langs. & Lits.: B.A.,Lawrence Univ.; M.A., Univ. of California,Santa Barbara; Ph.D., New York Univ.Stefan, Vincent H., Asst. Prof., Anthro.: B.A.,Univ. Wyoming.; M.S., Ph.D., Univ. NewMexico.St. John, Katherine, Assoc. Prof., Math. &Computer Sci.: B.A., Smith Coll.; M.A., JohnsHopkins Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. of California,Los Angeles.Stewart, Robert, Dist. Lect., Mus.: B.S., PhiladelphiaColl. of the Arts; M.A.T., LehmanColl.Sutliff, Robert, Higher Ed. Assoc., Math. &Computer Sci.: B.A., Queens Coll.; M.A., CityUniv. of New York Grad. Center.Swartz, Karyl B., Prof., Psychol.: B.A., Coll. ofWooster; M.A., George Peabody Coll.; Ph.D.,Brown Univ.Szabo, Zoltan, Prof., Math. & Computer Sci.:Ph.D., Szeged Univ. (Hungary).Taback, Stanley F., Prof., Middle & H.S. Ed.:A.B., A.M., Columbia Univ.; Ph.D., TeachersColl., Columbia Univ.Tallier, Peggy, Asst. Prof, Nurs.: B.S., KeanCollege; M.P.A, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ.;Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Tananbaum, Duane, Assoc. Prof., Hist.: B.A.,Cornell Univ.; M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Tauber, Linda, Lect., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: B.A., New York Univ.; M.B.A., BaruchColl.; C.P.A., Texas.Tesoro, Mary Gay, Lect., Nurs.: A.A.S.,Queensborough Comm. Coll.; B.A., M.S.,Lehman Coll.Thompson, Patricia J., Prof., Sp. Svcs. in Ed.:A.B., Barnard Coll.; M.S., Lehman Coll.; M.A.,M.Ed., Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Tilley, Janette, Asst. Prof., Mus.: B.A., M.A.,Univ. of British Columbia; Ph.D., Univ. ofToronto.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 205

Tobias, Alice, Assoc. Prof., Health Sci.: B.S.,Ohio State Univ.; M.S., Ed.D., Teachers Coll.,Columbia Univ.Totti, Xavier, Lect., Lat. Amer. & Puerto RicanStudies: B.A., Univ. of Puerto Rico; M.A.,Hunter Coll.; M.Phil., City Univ. of New YorkGrad. Center.Towery, Terry, Assoc. Prof., Art: B.S., FloridaState Univ.; M.F.A., Univ. of Florida.Tramontano, William, Dean, Nat. and Soc.Sci.; Professor, Biol. Sci.: B.S., Manhattan Coll.;M.S., Ph.D. New York Univ.Trimboli, Steven J., Sr. Coll. Lab. Tech., Biol.Sci.: B.A., Lehman Coll.Troy, Robert C., Assoc. Provost and Asst. VicePres. for Enrollment Management; Prof., Env.Geog. and Geol. Sci.: B.S., Univ. of Hartford;Ph.D., Purdue Univ.Valgemae, Mardi, Prof., Engl.: B.A., RutgersUniv.; Ph.D., Univ. of California, Los Angeles.Van Voorhis, Lynne, Lect., Langs. & Lits.:A.B., Hunter Coll.; M.A., Middlebury Coll.;M.Phil., Columbia Univ.; J.D., Brooklyn LawSchool.Villa, Juan F., Prof., Chem.: B.S., M.S., Ph.D.,Univ. of Miami.Villafane, Alicia, Lect., S.E.E.K. Advisementand Counseling: A.B., Hunter Coll.; M.S.Ed.,Richmond Coll.Voge, Susan, Assoc. Prof., Libr.: B.A., BrooklynColl.; M.S.L.S., Columbia Univ.; M.B.A.,Fordham Univ.Wallace, Edwin, D., Higher Ed. Asst., Libr.:A.A., Queensborough Community Coll.; B.A.,Hunter Coll.; M.L.S., M.F.A., Queens Coll.Waring, Elin, Assoc. Prof., Soc. & Soc.Wk.:B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., Ph.D., YaleUniv.Washington, Valerie M., Assoc. Prof., EarlyChildh. & Childh. Ed.: A.B., M.S., Hunter Coll.;Ed.D., Univ. of Mass.Watson, James, Asst. Prof., Libr.: B.S., StateUniv. of New York at Albany; M.S., LongIsland Univ.; M.P.S., New York Univ.Watson-Turner, Susan, Asst. Prof., Journalism,Com., & Theatre: B.F.A, Ohio Univ., M.F.A.,Columbia Univ.Webster, Sara, Prof., Art: B.A., Barnard Coll.;M.A., Univ. of Cincinnati; Ph.D., City Univ.of New York Grad. Center.Weinstein, Barbara, Prof., Speech-Lang.-Hearing Sci.: B.A., State Univ. of New York atBuffalo; M.Phil., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.West, Joyce F., Assoc. Prof., Speech-Lang.-Hearing Sci.: B.S., Central Mich. Univ.; M.A.,Ohio State Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. of Mich.Westrem, Scott, Assoc. Prof., Engl.: B.A.,Wheaton Coll. (Illinois); M.A., Ph.D.,Northwestern Univ.Whittaker, Robert T., Jr., Prof., Journalism,Com., & Theatre: B.A., M.A., Ph.D.,Indiana Univ.Wilder, Esther, Asst. Prof., Soc. & Soc. Wk:B.A., Univ. of Massachusetts at Amherst;M.A., Ph.D., Brown Univ.Wurtzel, Eleanore, Prof., Biol. Sci.: B.S.,Ph.D., State Univ. of New York at StonyBrook.Xia, Zong-Guo, Prof., Env., Geog., & Geol. Sci.:Ph.D., City Univ. of New York Grad. Center.Yard, Margaret, Asst. Prof, Nurs.: B.S., ColumbiaUniv.; M.S., Long Island Univ.; M.S.,Hunter College; M.A., M.S., Ph.D., City Univ.of New York Grad. Center.Yates, Suzanne, Assoc. Prof., Psychol.: B.A.,State Univ. of New York at New Paltz; M.A.,Ph.D., Univ. of California, Santa Cruz.Yood, Jessica, Assoc. Prof., Engl.: B.A., BarnardColl., Columbia Univ.; Ph.D., State Univ. ofNew York at Stony Brook.Zakin, Andrea, Inst., Early Childh. & Childh.Ed.: B.A., Earlham Coll.; M.A., Hunter Coll.Zarin, Eve, Lect., Engl.: A.B., SwarthmoreColl.; A.M., Columbia Univ.Zerner, Ruth, Assoc. Prof., Hist.: A.B., HunterColl.; M.A., Stanford Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. ofCalifornia, Berkeley.Zheng, Zhi-Liang, Asst. Prof., Biol. Sci.: Ph.D.,Ohio State Univ.; Postdoc., Univ. of Californiaat Riverside.Zuss, Mark, Assoc. Prof., Sp. Svcs. in Ed.: B.A.,Empire State Coll., State Univ. of New York;M.A., Ph.D., City Univ. of New York Grad.Center.EMERITIAllman, Eileen, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Engl.: A.B.,Hunter Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., Syracuse Univ.Backer, Barbara, Prof., Nurs.: B.S., KeukaColl.; M.S., Univ. of Rochester; M.A., NewYork Univ.; D.S.W., City Univ. of New YorkGrad Center.Bady, David M., Assoc. Prof., Engl.: A.B., ColumbiaColl.; A.M., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Bank, Stanley, Prof. Emer., Secondary, Adult,and Business Ed.: A.B., Clark Univ.; M.A.,Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Bastos, María L., Prof. Emer., Rom. Lang.:B.A., Escuela Normal, Buenos Aires; M.A.,Univ. of Buenos Aires; Ph.D., Univ. of LaPlata, Argentina.Baumgarten, Reuben L., Prof. Emer., Chem.:B.S., City Coll. of New York; M.S., Ph.D.,Univ. of Michigan.Beaton, Sarah, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Nurs.: B.S.,Fairleigh Dickinson Univ.; M.A., Ph.D., NewYork Univ.Bergman, Edward F., Prof. Emer., Geol. &Geog.: B.A., Univ. of Wisconsin; M.A., Ph.D.,Univ. of Washington.Bermel, Albert, Prof. Emer., Speech & Theatre:B.Sc., London Schl. of Econ.Beye, Charles R., Dist. Prof. Emer., Langs. andLits.: B.A., State Univ. of Iowa; M.A., Ph.D.,Harvard Univ.Bitton-Jackson, Livia E., Prof. Emer., Class.,Orient., Germ. & Slav. Lang.: B.A., BrooklynColl.; M.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Blecher, George, Assoc. Prof. Emer. Engl.: A.B.,Harvard Univ.Boissevain, Ethel W., Assoc. Prof. Emer.,Anthro.: A.B., Vassar Coll.; Ph.D., Univ.of Prague.Borodkin, Thelma, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Acad.Skills/S.E.E.K.: B.A., Brooklyn Coll.; M.A.,New York Univ.; Ph.D., Union Grad. Schl.Bradley, A. Day, Prof. Emer., Math. & ComputerSci.: A.B., Pennsylvania State Univ.;A.M., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.; Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Bronstein, Arthur J., Prof. Emer., Speech &Theatre: B.A., City Coll. of New York; M.A.,Columbia Univ.; Ph.D., New York Univ.Bronzaft, Arline L., Prof. Emer., Psychol.: A.B.,Hunter Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Bruni, James V., Prof. Emer., Early Childh. &Childh. Ed.: A.B., Columbia Coll.; M.A.,Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Bucchioni, Eugene, Prof. Emer., Early Childh.& Elem. Ed.: B.A., M.A., Queens Coll.; Ph.D.,New School for Soc. Research.Bush, Robert B., Prof. Emer., Engl.: A.B.,Princeton Univ.; M.A., Columbia Univ.;Ph.D., Univ. of Iowa.Bynoe, Ann, Asst. Prof. Emer., Econ., Acct., &Bus. Adm.: A.B., Hunter Coll.; M.B.A., M.A.,Ph.D., New York Univ.Carnicelli, Domenick D., Prof. Emer., Engl.;B.A., Brooklyn Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Cavalchini, Mariella, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Rom.Lang.: Laurea di Dottore in Materie Letterarie,Univ. of Rome; Ph.D., New York Univ.Costinescu, Gheorghe, Prof. Emer., Mus.:M.S., Bucharest Mus. Conservatory; PostGrad. Diploma, Juilliard School of Music;Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Dayan, Jean, Prof. Emer., Chem.: B.A., BrooklynColl.; M.S., Ohio State Univ.; Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.DiBennardo, Robert, Prof. Emer., Anthro.:A.B., M.A., Hunter Coll.; Ph.D., CUNY.Dickman, Ronald, Prof. Emer. Phys. & Astron.:B.A., Hunter Coll.; Ph.D., Univ. of Texas.DiGennaro, Joseph, Prof. Emer., ExSL: A.B.,Hunter Coll.; M.S., Univ. of Illinois; Ed.D.,Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Donleavy, Mary Rita, Prof. Emer., Sp. Serv. InEd.: A.B., A.M., Hunter Coll.; Ph.D., FordhamUniv.Donnelly, Margaret E., Assoc. Prof. Emer., Soc.& Soc. Wk.: B.A., Russell Sage Coll.; M.A.,Ph.D., Fordham Univ.Duberman, Martin B., Dist. Prof. Emer., Hist.:B.A., Yale Univ.; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard Univ.Ebel, Harvey C., Assoc. Prof. Emer., ExSL: B.A.,City Coll. of New York; M.S., Ph.D., PennsylvaniaState Univ.206 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

Edel, Wilbur, Prof. Emer., Polit. Sci.: B.S., NewYork Univ.; A.M., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Elftman, Alice G., Prof. Emer., Biol. Sci.: A.B.,New York State Coll. for Teachers; A.M.,Ph.D., Cornell Univ.Engelke, Charles E., Assoc. Prof. Emer., Phys.& Astron.: B.S., Queens Coll.; M.A., Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Fleischer, Michael M., Prof. Emer., ExSL: B.S.,City Coll. of New York; M.A., Ed.D., TeachersColl., Columbia Univ.Fletcher, Angus, Dist. Prof. Emer., Engl.: B.A.,Yale Univ.; Dipl. d'Etudes, Univ. of Grenoble(France); M.A., Yale Univ.; Ph.D., HarvardUniv.Flint, Shirley H., Assoc. Prof. Emer., EarlyChildh. & Elem. Ed.: B.A., New York Univ.;M.A., Hunter Coll.; Ed.D., Teachers Coll.,Columbia Univ.Frankel, Edward, Prof. Emer., Early Childh.& Elem. Ed.: B.S., City Coll. of New York;M.A., Columbia Univ.; Ph.D., Yeshiva Univ.Freedman, Philip I., Prof. Emer., Secondary,Adult, and Bus. Ed.: B.S.S., City Coll. Of NewYork; M.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Fuchs, Morton, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Phys. &Astron.: B.S.E.E., City Coll. of New York;Ph.D., Univ. of Michigan.Gavurin, Edward I., Prof. Emer., Psychol.: B.A.,Brooklyn Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Geehern, Margaret K., Assoc. Prof. Emer., Phys.& Astron.: B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Fordham Univ.Gillespie, John R., Prof. Emer., Phys. & Astron.:B.S., Univ. of Rochester; Ph.D., Univ. ofCalifornia, Berkeley.Goldfarb, Robert, Prof. Emer., Speech-Lang.-Hearing Sci.: B.A., M.S., Brooklyn Coll.;Ph.D., City Univ. of New York Grad. Center.Goodwin, M. Beatrice, Prof. Emer., Nurs.:B.S.N., Vanderbilt Univ.; M.A., Ph.D., NewYork Univ.Gottesfeld, Harry, Prof. Emer., Psychol.: B.A.,Brooklyn Coll.; Ph.D., New York Univ.Gottsegen, Gloria Behar, Prof. Emer., Sp.Serv. in Ed.: B.A., New York Univ.; M.A., CityColl. of New York; Ph.D., New York Univ.Griffin, Alice, Prof. Emer., Engl.: A.B., GeorgeWashington Univ.; A.M., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Guelich, Ernestine D., Assoc. Prof. Emer.,Engl.: A.B., Hunter College; A.M., ColumbiaUniv.; Ph.D., Fordham Univ.Guthwin, Hyman, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Biol.Sci.: B.A., M.S., Ph.D., New York Univ.Haas, Ann Pollinger, Prof. Emer., HealthServ.: B.A., Wheeling Coll.; M.A., Ph.D.,Fordham Univ.Haboucha, Reginetta, Prof. Emer., Rom.Lang.: B.A., Queens Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., JohnsHopkins Univ.Hammond, Dorothy, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Biol.Sci.: A.B., Wellesley Coll.; A.M., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Hannes, Martin, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Psychol.:B.S., City Coll. of New York; M.A., Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Harris, Gilbert J., Assoc. Prof. Emer., Psychol.:B.S., City Coll. of New York; Ph.D., StateUniv. of New York at Buffalo.Hausknecht, Murray, Prof. Emer., Soc. &Social Work: B.S.S., City Coll. of New York ;M.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Hayden, Seymour, Prof. Emer., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.A., Univ. of Wisconsin; M.A.,Ph.D., Harvard Univ.Herdt, Beryl, Prof. Emer., ExSL: A.B., M.S.,Hunter Coll.; Ph.D., St. John's Univ.Hoffmann, Ursula F., Assoc. Prof. Emer.,Langs. & Lits.: A.B., Smith Coll.; M.A., Ph.D.,Yale Univ.Isaacs, Godfrey, Prof. Emer., Math & ComputerSci.: B.S., M.S., Univ. of Capetown;Ph.D., Univ. of London.Jackson, Joseph L., Assoc. Prof. Emer., Acad.Skills/SEEK: B.S., North Carolina Agric. &Tech. Univ.; M.S.W., Adelphi Univ.; Ed.D.,Univ. of Massachusetts.James, Alice G., Assoc. Prof. Emer., Anthro.:A.B., Hunter Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Johnston, Helen, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Chem.:B.S., Howard Coll.; Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Jones, C. Robert, Prof. Emer., Biol. Sci.: B.S.,Univ. of Scranton; M.S., Ph.D., FordhamUniv.Judd, Jacob, Prof. Emer., Hist.: A.B., M.A.,Ph.D., New York Univ.Kravitt, Edward F., Prof. Emer., Mus.: A.B.,A.M., Ph.D., New York Univ.Kane, Margaret O'Shea, Prof. Emer., Bus. Ed.:A.B., Hunter Coll.; A.M., Ed.D., New YorkUniv.Kearns, Francis E., Prof. Emer., Engl.: A.B.,New York Univ.; M.A., Univ. of Chicago;Ph.D., Univ. of North Carolina.Kiesler, Rose, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Geol. & Geog.:B.A., Hunter Coll.; M.A., Columbia Univ.Kligerman, Jack M., Prof. Emer., Engl.: B.A.,M.A., Syracuse Univ.; Ph.D., Univ. of California,Berkeley.Knehr, Charles A., Prof. Emer., Psychol.: A.B.,A.M., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Kravetz, Nathan, Prof. Emer., Early Childh. &Elem. Ed.: B.Ed., M.A., Ed.D., Univ. of California,Los Angeles.Lahey, Miriam P., Assoc. Prof. Emer., HealthServ.: B.A., Mt. St. Vincent Univ. Halifax;Ed.M., Ed.D.; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Lampen, Dorothy, Prof. Emer., Econ., Acct., &Bus. Adm.: A.B., Carleton Coll.; Ph.D., JohnsHopkins Univ.Lebowitz, Aaron, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Math. &Computer Sci.: A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Yeshiva Univ.Lehmann, Margaret Grennan, Prof. Emer.,Engl.: A.B., Hunter Coll.; A.M., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Levi, Howard, Prof. Emer., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Lief, Leonard, Prof. Emer., Engl.: A.B., NewYork Univ.; M.A., Columbia Univ.; Ph.D.,Syracuse Univ.Losada, Luis A., Prof. Emer., Langs. and Lits.:A.B., Hunter Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Lundberg, Robert, Prof. Emer., Second., Adult,and Bus. Ed.: B.Ed., Wisconsin State Coll.;M.A., Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.McKenna, Anna Brohmer, Prof. Emer., Art:A.B., Hunter Coll.; A.M., Columbia Univ.McLaughlin, Andrew C., Prof. Emer., Philos.:B.A., Union Coll.; Ph.D., State Univ. of NewYork at Buffalo.Mencher, Joan P., Prof. Emer., Anthro.: B.A.,Smith Coll.; Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Messing, Janet K., Prof. Emer., Econ., Acct., &Bus. Adm.: A.B., Hunter Coll.; M.S., ColumbiaUniv.; Ph.D., New York Univ.; C.P.A., NewYork State.Meyer, Ursula, Prof. Emer., Art: B.A.,New School for Soc. Research; M.A.,Columbia Univ.Meyersohn, Rolf B., Prof. Emer., Soc. & Soc.Wk.: B.A., Harvard Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Minter, Thomas K., Prof. Emer., Second.,Adult, & Bus. Ed.: B.S., M.A., New York Univ.;S.M.M., Union Theol. Sem.; Ed.D., HarvardUniv.Moffitt, Brenda P., Assoc. Prof., Biol. Sci.:B.Sc., Bedford Coll. (U.K.); M.Sc., Univ. Coll.,Univ. of London; Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Morgan, Kathleen E., Prof. Emer., Langs. &Lits.: B.A., Stanford Univ.; M.A., M.Phil.,Ph.D., Yale Univ.Morgan-Cato, Charlotte T., Assoc. Prof.Emer., Black Studies: B.A., Univ. of Chicago;M.I.A., Columbia Univ.; M.Ed., Ed.D., TeachersColl., Columbia Univ.Movesian, George, Prof. Emer., Early Childh.& Elem. Ed.: B.A., Univ. of Buffalo; M.S.,Ed.D., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo.Murgatroyd, Dorothy, Assoc. Prof. Emer.,Psychol.: B.A., Barnard Coll.; M.A., Ph.D.,Univ. of Pennsylvania.Murphy, Daniel B., Prof. Emer., Chem.: B.S.,M.S., Fordham Univ.; Ph.D., PennsylvaniaState Univ.Newman, Charlotte, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Biol.Sci.: A.B., A.M., Univ. of Michigan; A.M.,Ph.D., Radcliffe Coll.Norris, Nilan, Prof. Emer., Econ., Acct., & Bus.Adm.: A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Stanford Univ.Patti, Anthony V., Prof. Emer., Second., Adult,and Bus. Ed.: B.S., M.A., New York Univ.;Ed.D., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.Phillips, Esther R. Prof. Emer., Math. & ComputerScience: B.S., Brooklyn Coll.; M.A.,Ph.D., New York Univ.Proskauer, Paul, Assoc. Prof. Emer.,Class., Orient., Germ. & Slav. Lang.:B.B.A., City Coll. of New York; M.A.,Hunter Coll.; Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Raphael, Lawrence J., Prof. Emer., Speech& Theatre: B.A., M.A., Queens Coll.;Ph.D., CUNY.Reed, Victor, Assoc. Prof. Emer., Engl.: A.B.,M.A., Harvard Univ.; Ph.D., Columbia Univ.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 207

Ritter, Walter P., Prof. Emer., Psychol.: B.A.,City Coll. of New York; Ph.D., Teachers Coll.,Columbia Univ.Roberts, Edgar V., Jr., Prof. Emer., Engl.: B.A.,M.A., Ph.D., Univ. of Minnesota.Romano, Salvatore, Prof. Emer., Art.Rose, Israel H., Prof. Emer., Math. & ComputerSci.: B.A., M.A., Brooklyn Coll.; Ph.D., HarvardUniv.Rowley-Rotunno, Virginia, Prof. Emer., Second.Ed.: A.B., Hunter Coll.; M.A., FordhamUniv.; Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Saunders, Lucie W., Prof. Emer., Anthro.: A.B.,Sweet Briar Coll.; M.A., Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Schoengood, George J., Prof. Emer., Second.,Adult, and Bus. Ed.: A.B., Brooklyn Coll.;M.P.A., Ed.D., New York Univ.Seeman, Howard, Prof. Emer., Middle & H.S.Ed.: B.A., Albany State Teachers Coll.; M.A.,Ph.D., New School for Soc. Research.Seraile, William, Prof. Emer., African andAfrican American Studies: B.A., Central WashingtonState Univ.; M.A., Teachers Coll., ColumbiaUniv.; Ph.D., City Univ. of New YorkGrad. Center.Shaw, Frederick C., Prof. Emer., Geol. &Geog.: A.B., Harvard Coll.; M.S., Univ. ofCincinnati; Ph.D., Harvard Univ.Shechter, Yaakov, Prof. Emer., Biol. Sci.: B.Sc.,Ph.D., Univ. of California, Los Angeles.Sicherman, Carol, Prof. Emer., Engl.: B.A.,Barnard Coll.; B.Litt., Oxford Univ.; M.A.,Ph.D., Univ. of Wisconsin.Smullyan, Raymond M., Prof. Emer., Math. &Computer Sci.: M.S., Univ. of Chicago; Ph.D.,Princeton Univ.Spielholtz, Gerald I., Prof. Emer., Chem.: B.S.,City Coll. of New York; M.S., Univ. of Michigan;Ph.D., Iowa State Univ.Stolnitz, M. Jerome, Prof. Emer., Philos.:B.S.S., City Coll. of New York; Ph.D., HarvardUniv.Stuart, Irving R., Prof. Emer., Psychol.: B.S.S.,M.S.Ed., City Coll. of New York; Ph.D., NewYork Univ.Stuart, Meriwether, Prof. Emer., Class., Orient.,Germ. & Slav. Lang.: A.B., William JewelColl.; A.M., Indiana Univ.; Ph.D., ColumbiaUniv.Taylor, James V., Prof. Emer., Anthro.: B.S.,Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Taus, Esther R., Prof. Emer., Econ., Acct., &Bus. Adm.: A.B., Hunter Coll.; A.M., Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Teitelbaum, Blanche R., Assoc. Prof. Emer.,ExSL: A.B., Hunter Coll.; M.S., City Coll. ofNew York.Toralballa, Gloria C., Prof. Emer., Chem.:B.S., M.S., Univ. of Philippines; Ph.D., Univ.of Michigan.Tuller, Annita, Prof. Emer., Math. & ComputerSci.: A.B., Hunter Coll.; A.M., Ph.D., BrynMawr Coll.Tusiani, Joseph, Prof. Emer., Rom. Lang.:Dottore in Lettere, Univ. of Naples; Litt. D.,Coll. of Mt. St. Vincent.Ullman, Jack D., Prof. Emer., Phys. & Astron.:B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Univ. of Illinois.Valdovinos, Jack G., Prof. Emer., Biol. Sci.: B.S.,M.S., Winona State Coll.; Ph.D., Univ. of Iowa.Vranich, Stanko B., Prof. Emer., Langs. & Lits.:B.A., Tulane Univ.; M.S., State Univ. of Iowa;Ph.D., Univ. of California, Berkeley.Walker, Ruth A., Prof. Emer., Chem.: B.A.,Vassar Coll.; Ph.D., Yale Univ.Weiss, John, Prof. Emer., History: B.A., WayneState Univ.; M.A., Ph.D., Columbia Univ.Wells, Carl F., Prof. Emer., Psychol.: B.S.S.,City Coll. of New York; M.A., ColumbiaUniv.; Ph.D., New York Univ.Wille, Rosanne, Prof. Emer., Nurs.: B.S.,B.S.N., William Patterson Coll.; M.P.A., RutgersUniv.; M.A., Ph.D., New York Univ.Woodcock, Wilson W., Assoc. Prof. Emer.,Phys. & Astron.: A.B., Sc.M., Vanderbilt Univ.Young, Frederick F., Assoc. Prof. Emer., Geol.& Geog.: A.B., Amherst Coll.; A.M., Ph.D.,Columbia Univ.Ziemann, Richard C., Prof. Emer., Art: B.F.A.,M.F.A., Yale Univ.Zulueta, Carmen de, Prof. Emer., Rom. Lang.:M.A., Radcliffe Coll.; Ph.D., New York Univ.208 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

AppendixBoard of TrusteesRules and Regulationson Campus ConductRULES AND REGULATIONS FORTHE MAINTENANCE OF PUBLICORDER PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 129-AOF THE EDUCATION LAWThe tradition of the University as a sanctuaryof academic freedom and center ofinformed discussion is an honored one,to be guarded vigilantly. The basic significanceof that sanctuary lies in theprotection of intellectual freedoms: therights of professors to teach, of scholarsto engage in the advancement of knowledge,of students to learn and expresstheir views, free from external pressuresor interference. These freedoms can flourishonly in an atmosphere of mutualrespect, civility, and trust among teachersand students, only when members of theUniversity community are willing toaccept self-restraint and reciprocity as thecondition upon which they share in itsintellectual autonomy.Academic freedom and the sanctuaryof the University campus extend to allwho share these aims and responsibilities.They cannot be invoked by thosewho would subordinate intellectual freedomto political ends, or who violate thenorms of conduct established to protectthat freedom. Against such offenders theUniversity has the right, and indeed theobligation, to defend itself. We accordinglyannounce the following rules andregulations to be in effect at each of ourcolleges which are to be administered inaccordance with the requirements of dueprocess as provided in the Bylaws of theBoard of Higher Education.With respect to enforcement ofthese rules and regulations we notethat the Bylaws of the Board of Trusteesprovide that:“The president, with respect to his educationunit, shall:Have the affirmative responsibility ofconserving and enhancing the educationalstandards of the college andschools under his jurisdiction;Be the advisor and executive agent of theBoard and of his respective CollegeCommittee and as such shall have theimmediate supervision with full discretionarypower in carrying into effect theBylaws, resolutions, and policies of theBoard, the lawful resolutions of the severalfaculties;Exercise general superintendence over theconcerns, officers, employees, and studentsof his educational unit.”I. RULES1. A member of the academic communityshall not intentionally obstructand/or forcibly prevent others from theexercise of their rights. Nor shall he interferewith the institution's educationalprocesses or facilities, or the rights ofthose who wish to avail themselves ofany of the institution's instructional,personal, administrative, recreational,and community services.2. Individuals are liable for failure tocomply with lawful directions issued byrepresentatives of the University/collegewhen they are acting in their officialcapacities. Members of the academiccommunity are required to show theiridentification cards when requested to doso by an official of the college.3. Unauthorized occupancy of University/collegefacilities or blocking access toor from such areas is prohibited. Permissionfrom appropriate college authoritiesmust be obtained for removal, relocation,and use of University/collegeequipment and/or supplies.4. Theft from or damage to University/collegepremises or property, or theftof or damage to property of any person onUniversity/college premises is prohibited.5. Each member of the academic communityor an invited guest has the rightto advocate his position without havingto fear abuse, physical, verbal, or otherwisefrom others supporting conflictingpoints of view. Members of the academiccommunity and other persons on thecollege grounds shall not use language ortake actions reasonably likely to provokeor encourage physical violence by demonstrators,those demonstrated against,or spectators.6. Action may be taken against any andall persons who have no legitimate reasonfor their presence on any campuswithin the University/college, or whosepresence on any such campus obstructsand/or forcibly prevents others from theexercise of their rights or interferes withthe institution's educational processes orfacilities, or the rights of those who wishto avail themselves of any of the institution'sinstructional, personal, administrative,recreational, and communityservices.7. Disorderly or indecent conduct onUniversity/college-owned or controlledproperty is prohibited.8. No individual shall have in his possessiona rifle, shotgun, or firearm orknowingly have in his possession anyother dangerous instrument or materialthat can be used to inflict bodily harmon an individual or damage upon abuilding or the grounds of the University/collegewithout the written authorizationof such educational institution.Nor shall any individual have in hispossession any other instrument or materialwhich can be used and is intendedto inflict bodily harm on an individualor damage upon a building or thegrounds of the University/college.9. Any action or situation which recklesslyor intentionally endangers mentalor physical health or involves the forcedconsumption of liquor or drugs for thepurpose of initiation into or affiliationwith any organization is prohibited.10. The unlawful manufacture, distribution,dispensation, possession, or use ofillegal drugs or other controlled substancesby University students or employeesin the workplace is prohibited.Employees of the University must alsonotify the College Personnel Director ofany criminal drug statute conviction fora violation occurring in the workplacenot later than five (5) days after suchconviction.11. The unlawful possession, use, ordistribution of alcohol by students oremployees on University/college premisesor as part of any University/collegeactivities is prohibited.II. PENALTIES1. Any student engaging in any mannerof conduct prohibited under substantiveRules 1 to 11 shall be subject to the followingrange of sanctions as hereafterdefined: admonition, warning, censure,disciplinary probation, restitution, suspension,expulsion, ejection, and/orarrest by the civil authorities.2. Any tenured or non-tenured facultymember, or other member of the instructionalstaff, or member of the classifiedstaff engaging in any manner in conductprohibited under substantive Rules 1 to11 shall be subject to the following rangeof penalties: warning, censure, restitution,fine not exceeding those permittedby law or by the Bylaws of the City Universityof New York, or suspensionwith/without pay pending a hearingbefore an appropriate College authority,dismissal after a hearing, ejection, and/orarrest by the civil authorities, and, forengaging in any manner in conduct prohibitedunder substantive rule 10, may,in the alternative, be required to participatesatisfactorily in an appropriatelylicensed drug treatment or rehabilitationprogram. A tenured or non-tenured facultymember, or other member of theinstructional staff, or member of theclassified staff engaging in any manner inconduct prohibited under substantiveRules 1 to 11, shall be entitled to betreated in accordance with applicableprovisions of the Education Law, or theCivil Service Law, or the applicable col-LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 209

lective bargaining agreement, or the Bylawsor written policies of the City Universityof New York.3. Any visitor, licensee, or invitee engagingin any manner in conduct prohibitedunder substantive Rules 1 to 11 shall besubject to ejection, and/or arrest by thecivil authorities.4. Any organization which authorizes theconduct prohibited under substantiverules 1-11 shall have its permission tooperate on campus rescinded.Penalties 1-4 shall be in addition to anyother penalty provided by law or the CityUniversity Trustees.SANCTIONS DEFINED:A. Admonition. An oral statement to theoffender that he has violated Universityrules.B. Warning. Notice to the offender, orallyor in writing, that continuation or repetitionof the wrongful conduct, within aperiod of time stated in the warning, maybe cause for more severe disciplinaryaction.C. Censure. Written reprimand for violationof specified regulation, including thepossibility of more severe disciplinarysanction in the event of conviction forthe violation of any University regulationwithin a period stated in the letter ofreprimand.D. Disciplinary Probation. Exclusionfrom participation in privileges or extracurricularUniversity activities as set forthin the notice of disciplinary probationfor a specified period of time.E. Restitution. Reimbursement for damageto or misappropriation of property.Reimbursement may take the form ofappropriate service to repair or otherwisecompensate for damages.F. Suspension. Exclusion from classesand other privileges or activities as setforth in the notice of suspension for adefinite period of time.G. Expulsion. Termination of studentstatus for an indefinite period. The conditionsof readmission, if any is permitted,shall be stated in the order ofexpulsion.H. Complaint to Civil Authorities.I. Ejection.Bylaw Section 15.6SUSPENSION OR DISMISSAL.The Board of Trustees reserves full powerto dismiss or suspend a student, or suspenda student organization for conductwhich impedes, obstructs, or interfereswith the orderly and continuous administrationand operation of any college,school, or unit of the university in the useof its facilities or in the achievement of itspurposes as an educational institution.The Chancellor or Chancellor's designee,a president or any dean may inemergency or extraordinary circumstances,temporarily suspend a student,or temporarily suspend the privileges of astudent organization or group for cause,pending an early hearing as provided inbylaw section 15.3 to take place withinnot more than seven (7) school days.Prior to the commencement of a temporarysuspension of a student, the Collegeshall give such student oral or writtennotice of the charges against him/herand, if he/she denies them, the Collegeshall forthwith give such student an informaloral explanation of the evidencesupporting the charges and the studentmay present informally his/her explanationor theory of the matter. When astudent's presence poses a continuingdanger to person or property or an ongoingthreat of disrupting the academicprocess, notice and opportunity for denialand explanation may follow suspension,but shall be given as soon asfeasible thereafter.STATEMENT OF NONDISCRIMINATIONStatement of PrinciplesThe City University of New York, locatedin a historically diverse municipality, iscommitted to engendering values andimplementing policies that will enhancerespect for individuals and their cultures.The University believes that, in ordertruly to benefit from this diversity, theUniversity must foster tolerance, sensitivity,and mutual respect among all membersof its community. Efforts to promotediversity and to combat bigotry are aninextricable part of the educational missionof the University. Diversity amongthe University's many members strengthensthe institution, promotes the exchangeof new ideas, and enrichescampus life.The University does not condone andwill not tolerate discrimination in employmentor in its educational programsand activities.The City University of New York continuesto recognize the important need tomaintain at each campus equal accessand opportunity for qualified students,faculty, and staff from all ethnic andracial groups and from both sexes.Policy StatementIt is the policy of The City University ofNew York and the constituent collegesand units of the University to recruit,employ, retain, promote, and providebenefits to employees and to admit andprovide services for students withoutregard to race, color, national or ethnicorigin, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation,gender identity, marital status, disability,genetic predisposition or carrierstatus, alienage, citizenship, military or210 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009veteran status, or status as a victim ofdomestic violence.Sexual harassment, a form of sex discrimination,is prohibited under theUniversity's Policy Against Sexual Harassment.The City University of New York, as apublic university system, adheres to federal,state and city laws and regulationsregarding non-discrimination and affirmativeaction, including among others,Executive Order 11246, as amended,Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of1964, Title IX of the Education Amendmentsof 1972, Sections 503 and 504 ofthe Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and theAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990,Section 402 of the Vietnam Era VeteransReadjustment Assistance Act of 1974, asamended, the Equal Pay Act of 1963, theAge Discrimination in Employment Actof 1967, as amended, and the Age DiscriminationAct of 1975, the New YorkState Human Rights Law, and the NewYork City Human Rights Law. The “protectedclasses” as delineated in ExecutiveOrder 11246 (Black, Hispanic,Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/AlaskanNative, and Women) wereexpanded on December 9, 1976 by theChancellor of the City University of NewYork to include Italian-Americans.Responsibility for ComplianceThe President of each constituent collegeof the University, the Senior Vice Chancellorat the Central Office, and the Deanof the Law School shall have ultimateresponsibility for overseeing compliancewith this Policy at his or her respectiveunit of the University.Discrimination ComplaintsThe City University of New York is committedto addressing discrimination complaintspromptly, consistently, and fairly.There shall be an employment discriminationcomplaint procedure administered byeach unit of the University.A job applicant, employee, or formeremployee of Lehman College who wishesto make a complaint related to equalemployment opportunity or affirmativeaction should consult with Dawn EwingMorgan, the Director of Compliance andDiversity. Mrs. Morgan can be reached at(718) 960-8111. Her office is in ShusterHall, Room 352.Students who believe they have beendiscriminated against in violation of thispolicy should bring their complaints tothe Chief Student Affairs Officer for investigationby the officer or his or herdesignee in accordance with this policy.Retaliation against any member of theUniversity community who has made acomplaint of discrimination is prohibited.

The City University ofNew York Policy onSexual HarassmentPolicy StatementIt is the policy of The City University ofNew York to promote a cooperative workand academic environment in whichthere exists mutual respect for all Universitystudents, faculty, and staff. Harassmentof employees or students basedupon sex is inconsistent with this objectiveand contrary to the University's nondiscriminationpolicy. Sexual harassmentis illegal under Federal, State, and Citylaws, and will not be tolerated within theUniversity.The University, through its colleges,will disseminate this policy and takeother steps to educate the Universitycommunity about sexual harassment.The University will establish proceduresto ensure that investigations of allegationsof sexual harassment are conductedin a manner that is prompt, fair, thorough,and as confidential as possibleunder the circumstances, and that appropriatecorrective and/or disciplinaryaction is taken as warranted by the circumstanceswhen sexual harassment isdetermined to have occurred. Members ofthe University community who believethemselves to be aggrieved under thispolicy are strongly encouraged to reportthe allegations of sexual harassment aspromptly as possible. Delay in making acomplaint of sexual harassment may makeit more difficult for the College to investigatethe allegations.A. Prohibited ConductIt is a violation of University policy forany member of the University communityto engage in sexual harassment or toretaliate against any member of the Universitycommunity for raising an allegationof sexual harassment, for filing acomplaint alleging sexual harassment, orfor participating in any proceeding todetermine if sexual harassment has occurred.B. Definition of Sexual HarassmentFor purposes of this policy, sexual harassmentis defined as unwelcome sexualadvances, requests for sexual favors, andother oral or written communications orphysical conduct of a sexual naturewhen:1. submission to such conduct is madeeither explicitly or implicitly a term orcondition of an individual's employmentor academic standing;2. submission to or rejection of suchconduct by an individual is used as abasis for employment or academic decisionsaffecting such individual; or3. such conduct has the purpose or effectof unreasonably interfering with an individual'swork or academic performanceor creating an intimidating, hostile, orabusive work or academic environment.Sexual harassment can occur betweenindividuals of different sexes or of thesame sex. Although sexual harassmentmost often exploits a relationship betweenindividuals of unequal power(such as between a faculty member andstudent supervisor and employee, ortenured and untenured faculty members),it may also occur between individualsof equal power (such as betweenfellow students or coworkers), or in somecircumstances even where it appears thatthe harasser has less power than theindividual harassed (for example, a studentsexually harassing a faculty member).A lack of intent to harass may berelevant to, but will not be determinativeof, whether sexual harassment has occurred.C. Examples of Sexual HarassmentSexual harassment may take differentforms. Using a person's response to arequest for sexual favors as a basis for anacademic or employment decision is oneform of sexual harassment. Examples ofthis type of sexual harassment include,but are not limited to, the following:• requesting or demanding sexual favorsin exchange for employment or academicopportunities (such as hiring, promotions,grades, or recommendations);• submitting unfair or inaccurate job oracademic evaluations or grades, or denyingtraining, promotion, or access to anyother employment or academic opportunity,because sexual advances have beenrejected.Other types of unwelcome conduct of asexual nature can also constitute sexualharassment, if sufficiently severe or pervasivethat the target does find, and areasonable person would find, that anintimidating, hostile, or abusive work oracademic environment has been created.Examples of this kind of sexual harassmentinclude, but are not limited to, thefollowing:• sexual comments, teasing, or jokes;• sexual slurs, demeaning epithets, derogatorystatements, or other verbalabuse;• graphic or sexually suggestive commentsabout an individual's attire orbody;• inquiries or discussions about sexualactivities;• pressure to accept social invitations, tomeet privately, to date, or to have sexualrelations;• sexually suggestive letters or otherwritten materials;• sexual touching, brushing up againstanother in a sexual manner, graphic orsexually suggestive gestures, cornering,pinching, grabbing, kissing, or fondling;• coerced sexual intercourse or sexualassault.D. Consensual RelationshipsAmorous, dating, or sexual relationshipsthat might be appropriate in other circumstanceshave inherent dangers whenthey occur between a faculty member,supervisor, or other member of the Universitycommunity and any person forwhom he or she has a professional responsibility.These dangers can include:that a student or employee may feelcoerced into an unwanted relationshipbecause he or she fears that refusal toenter into the relationship will adverselyaffect his or her education or employment;that conflicts of interest may arisewhen a faculty member, supervisor, orother member of the University communityis required to evaluate the work ormake personnel or academic decisionswith respect to an individual with whomhe or she is having a romantic relationship;that students or employees mayperceive that a fellow student or coworkerwho is involved in a romanticrelationship will receive an unfair advantage;and that if the relationship ends ina way that is not amicable, either or bothof the parties may wish to take action toinjure the other party.Faculty members, supervisors, andother members of the University communitywho have professional responsibilityfor other individuals, accordingly,should be aware that any romantic orsexual involvement with a student oremployee for whom they have such aresponsibility may raise questions as tothe mutuality of the relationship andmay lead to charges of sexual harassment.For the reasons stated above, suchrelationships are strongly discouraged.For purposes of this section, an individualhas “professional responsibility”for another individual at the University ifhe or she performs functions including,but not limited to, teaching, counseling,grading, advising, evaluating, hiring,supervising, or making decisions or recommendationsthat confer benefits suchas promotions, financial aid awards orother remuneration, or that may impactupon other academic or employmentopportunities.E. Academic FreedomThis policy shall not be interpreted so asto constitute interference with academicfreedom.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 211

F. False and Malicious AccusationsMembers of the University communitywho make false and malicious complaintsof sexual harassment, as opposedto complaints which, even if erroneous,are made in good faith, will be subject todisciplinary action.G. ProceduresThe University has developed proceduresto implement this policy. The Presidentof each constituent college of the University,the Senior Vice Chancellor at theCentral Office, and the Dean of the LawSchool shall have ultimate responsibilityfor overseeing compliance with this policyat his or her respective unit of theUniversity. In addition, each dean, director,department chairperson, executiveofficer, administrator, or other personwith supervisory responsibility shall berequired to report any complaint of sexualharassment to the individual or individualsdesignated in the procedures. Allmembers of the University communityare required to cooperate in any investigationof a sexual harassment complaint.H. EnforcementThere is a range of corrective actions andpenalties available to the University forviolations of this policy. Students, faculty,or staff who are found, followingapplicable disciplinary proceedings, tohave violated this Policy are subject tovarious penalties, including terminationof employment and/or student expulsionfrom the University.Sexual Harassment Awareness and IntakeCommitteeThe Sexual Harassment Awareness andIntake Committee is responsible foreducating the Lehman College communityabout sexual harassment and itspotential consequences to the Universitycommunity. The members of the SexualHarassment Awareness and IntakeCommittee are available to respond toinquiries, receive complaints allegingsexual harassment from any member ofthe college community, and to refer individualsand/or the complaint to the SexualHarassment Coordinator. Themembers of the Sexual HarassmentAwareness and Intake Committee are:Annecy Baez, Counseling Center718-960-8761Chelsea Campbell, Paralegal StudiesProgram/Continuing Education718-960-1159Vanessa Gonzalez, Campus Life718-960-8468Joette Reaves, Health Programs/Continuing Education718-960-8998Maritza Rivera, Office of Complianceand Diversity,718-960-8111Michael Sullivan, Campus Life718-960-8535Sexual Harassment CoordinatorDawn Ewing Morgan, Office ofCompliance and Diversity718-960-8111Sexual Harassment Deputy CoordinatorsGraciela Castex, Sociology & Social Work718-960-7864John Cirace, Economics & Accounting718-960-8388Vincent Zucchetto, Student Affairs718-960-8242Lehman CollegeRecords PolicyThe Family Educational Rights and PrivacyAct (FERPA) affords students certainrights with respect to their educationrecords.They are:1. The right to inspect and review thestudent's education records. Studentsshould submit to the registrar, dean,head of the academic department, orother appropriate official, written requeststhat identify the record(s) theywish to inspect. If the records are notmaintained by the College official towhom the request was submitted, thatofficial shall advise the student of thecorrect official to whom the requestshould be addressed.All requests shall be granted or denied inwriting within 15 days of receipt. If therequest is granted, the student will benotified of the time and place where therecords may be inspected. If the requestis denied or not responded to within 15days, the student may appeal. Additionalinformation regarding the appeal procedureswill be provided to the student if arequest is denied.2. The right to request the amendment ofthe student's education records that thestudent believes are inaccurate or misleading.Students may ask the College to amend arecord that they believe is inaccurate ormisleading. They should write to theCollege official responsible for the record,clearly identify the part of the recordthey want changed, and specify whyit is inaccurate or misleading.If the College decides not to amend therecord as requested by the student, theCollege will notify the student of thedecision and advise the student of his orher right to a hearing regarding the requestfor amendment. Additional informationregarding the hearing procedureswill be provided to the student whennotified of the right to a hearing.3. The right to consent to disclosure ofpersonally identifiable information containedin the student's education records,except to the extent that F.E.R.P.A.authorizes disclosure without consent.One exception which permits disclosurewithout consent is disclosure to schoolofficials with legitimate educationalinterests. A school official is a personemployed by the University in an administrative,supervisory, academic or research,or support staff position; a personor company with whom the Universityhas contracted; a person serving on theBoard of Trustees; or a student serving onan official committee, such as a disciplinaryor grievance committee, or assistinganother school official in performing hisor her tasks.A school official has a legitimate educationalinterest if access is reasonablynecessary in order to perform his/herinstructional, research, administrative, orother duties and responsibilities.Upon request, the College discloses educationrecords without consent to officialsof another school in which astudent seeks or intends to enroll.4. You may appeal the alleged denial ofF.E.R.P.A. rights to the:General Counsel and Vice Chancellorfor Legal AffairsThe City University of New York535 East 80 th StreetNew York, NY 100215. The right to file a complaint with theU.S. Department of Education concerningalleged failures by the College tocomply with the requirements ofF.E.R.P.A.The name and address of the Office thatadministers F.E.R.P.A. are:Family Policy Compliance OfficeU.S. Department of Education600 Independence Avenue, SWWashington, DC 20202-46056. The College may make the following“directory information” concerning currentand former students available tothose parties having a legitimate interestin the information: a student's name,attendance dates, telephone listing,home address, present address, date ofbirth, place of birth, photograph, E-mailaddress, full- or part-time status, classschedule, class roster (list), participationin officially recognized activities otherthan sports, participation in sports(teams), height if member of an athletic212 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

team, weight if member of an athleticteam, previous schools attended, majorand minor fields of study, and degreesand awards received. By filing a form withthe Registrar's Office, a student or formerstudent may request that any or all of theabove information not be released withouthis or her prior written consent. This formmay be completed, withdrawn, or modifiedat any time.NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION LAWSECTION 224-AStudents unable because of religiousbeliefs to register or attend classes oncertain days:1. No person shall be expelled from or berefused admission as a student to aninstitution of higher education for thereason that he is unable, because of hisreligious beliefs, to register or attendclasses or to participate in any examination,study, or work requirements on aparticular day or days.2. Any student in an institution of highereducation who is unable, because of hisreligious beliefs, to attend classes on aparticular day or days shall, because ofsuch absence on the particular day ordays, be excused from any examinationor any study or work requirements.3. It shall be the responsibility of thefaculty and of the administrative officialsof each institution of higher education tomake available to each student who isabsent from school, because of his religiousbeliefs, an equivalent opportunity toregister for classes or make up any examination,study, or work requirementswhich he may have missed because ofsuch absence on any particular day ordays. No fees of any kind shall becharged by the institution for makingavailable to the said student such equivalentopportunity.4. If registration, classes, examinations,study, or work requirements are held onFriday after four o'clock post meridian oron Saturday, similar or makeup classes,examinations, study, work requirements,or opportunities shall be made availableon other days, where it is possible andpracticable to do so. No special fees shallbe charged to the student for theseclasses, examinations, study or workrequirements, or registration held onother days.5. In effectuating the provisions of thissection, it shall be the duty of the facultyand of the administrative officials of eachinstitution of higher education to exercisethe fullest measure of good faith. No adverseor prejudicial effects shall result toany student because of his availing himselfof the provisions of this section.6. Any student, who is aggrieved by thealleged failure of any faculty or administrativeofficials to comply in good faithwith the provisions of this section, shall beentitled to maintain an action or proceedingin the Supreme Court of the county inwhich such institution of higher educationis located for the enforcement of his rightsunder this section.College Policies,Procedures &RegulationsLehman College, like most institutions ofhigher learning, has regulations andpolicies governing academic standardsand procedures, class attendance, finalexaminations, grade records, personalhealth, and conduct. They have beenestablished in accordance with the Bylawsof the Board of Trustees, and on recommendationof the College's governancebody—the Lehman College Senate. Specificpolicies and regulations are enumeratedin this Bulletin and in the StudentGuide, available in the Office of the VicePresident of Student Affairs, the Divisionof Adult and Continuing Education, andthe Office of Academic Advisement.ConductArticle XV, Section 15.1 (Conduct StandardDefined) of the Bylaws of the Boardof Trustees of The City University of NewYork reads as follows:Each student enrolled or in attendancein any college, school, or unitunder the control of the Board and everystudent organization, publication, club,or chapter shall obey the laws of the City,State, and Nation, and the publishedrules, regulations, and orders of theBoard of Higher Education and the dulyestablished college authorities. Applicationto Lehman College constitutes acceptanceof the foregoing provisions aswell as of the detailed rules set forth inthe Appendix.THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORKCOMPUTER USER RESPONSIBILITIESNote: The City University of New YorkComputer User Responsibilities is astatement originally prepared by theUniversity's Computer Policy Committee.It underwent review by the UniversityFaculty Senate and the CUNY Officeof the Vice Chancellor for Legal Affairs.The computer resources**of the CityUniversity of New York must be used in amanner that is consistent with the University'seducational purposes and environment.All users of computer resources areexpected to act in a spirit of mutual respectand cooperation, and to adhere tothe regulations for their use set forth inthis document. As a user of CUNY computerresources:• You must have a valid authorizedaccount to use computer resources thatrequire one and may use only thosecomputer resources that are specificallyauthorized. You may use your accountonly in accordance with its authorizedpurposes and may not use an unauthorizedaccount for any purpose.• You are responsible for the safeguardingof your computer account. For amainframe computer account, youshould change your password frequentlyand should not disclose it to anyone.You should take all necessary precautionsin protecting the account, no matter whattype of computer resources you are using.• You may not circumvent system protectionfacilities.• You may not knowingly use any systemto produce system failure or degradedperformance.• You may not engage in unauthorizedduplication, alteration, or destruction ofdata, programs, or software. You may nottransmit or disclose data, programs, orsoftware belonging to others and maynot duplicate copyrighted material.• You may not engage in abusive orimproper use of computer hardware. Thisincludes, but is not limited to, tamperingwith equipment, unauthorized attemptsat repairing equipment and unauthorizedremoval of equipment components.• You may not use computer resourcesfor private purposes, including, but notlimited to, the use of computer resourcesfor profitmaking or illegal purposes.** "Computer Resources” is an inclusiveterm referring to any and all computing/informationtechnology: hardware, software,and access. Hardware includes, but isnot limited to, terminals, personal computers,workstations, printers, mice, monitors,cabling, and peripheral devices. Softwareincludes, but is not limited to, mainframeshared software, networked software, andstand-alone software residing on personalcomputers. Access includes, but is not limitedto, accounts on timesharing systems as wellas access to stand-alone personal computingsystems and other relevant technology.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 213

• You may not use computer resourcesto engage in abuse of computer personnelor other users. Such abuse includesthe sending of abusive, anonymous, orunsolicited messages within CUNY orbeyond via network facilities.• The use of College computer resourcesmay be subject to College regulations,and you are expected to be familiar withthose regulations.• These regulations and College regulationsare subject to revision. You areexpected to be familiar with any revisionsin regulations.The University reserves the right to monitor,under appropriate conditions, alldata contained in the system to protectthe integrity of the system and to insurecompliance with regulations.Any user who is found to be in violationof these rules shall be subject to the following:• Suspension and/or termination ofcomputer privileges;• Disciplinary action by appropriateCollege and/or University officials;• Referral to law enforcement authoritiesfor criminal prosecution;• Other legal action, including action torecover civil damages and penalties.FREEDOM OF SPEECHFreedom of speech is an essential traditionof any academic community. Allmembers of the Lehman communitymust be vigilant in exercising their rightsof expression so as not to preclude otherpersons' guaranteed right to give andreceive expression as part of the deliberativeprocess of the academic community.Preservation of this right on campusrequires the scrupulous use of means ofcommunication. Public-address systemsand all other amplification devices areprohibited.SMOKINGSmoking is prohibited in all buildingsowned, leased, or operated by the CityUniversity of New York.DRUG AND ALCOHOL USAGEThe use of illegal drugs will subject theindividual to the penalties provided bylaw. Individual problems with drugs maybe discussed in strict confidence with thecounseling faculties of the College. Theuse of legal drugs that are neverthelessinjurious to the health is not condoned.The use of alcohol by anyone under 21years of age is illegal and prohibited.IDENTIFICATION CARDSIdentification cards, issued by the College,must be carried at all times. Studentsare required to present their I.D.cards upon the request of any Collegeofficial. Any guest of a student visitingthe campus must obtain a pass fromCampus Security (The APEX, Room 109)and must present it upon request.ATTENDANCE AND ABSENCESStudents in basic skills courses are requiredto attend classes. Students in allother courses are expected to attendclasses regularly, and instructors are requiredto record attendance for gradingand counseling purposes. Individual instructors,a s well as departments or degreeprograms, may establish specific attendancerequirements. Instructors have theright to weigh attendance and class participationin determining grades. It is thestudent's responsibility to ascertain theeffect attendance may have on the grade ina course. Students receiving financial aidmust be certified as attending classes regularlyfor continuing eligibility.PETITIONINGFor a petition to be circulated by anystudent or student group, two copiesshall be filed with the Office of StudentActivities. All copies of the petition mustbear the name of the group or groupscirculating the petition.SOLICITATION ON CAMPUSNo student or nonstudent may use anypart of the College buildings andgrounds (including Bulletin boards) forsoliciting or selling any merchandise orservice without the express permission ofthe Vice President of Student Affairs.Lehman College and the City Universityof New York do not sponsor any products,merchandising schemes, or tours.Advertising appearing in student publicationsdoes not imply the sponsorship ofthe College.REPRESENTING THE COLLEGENo student or student organization maybe a self-appointed representative ofLehman College or any division thereof,nor of The City University of New York.EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIESAND PROGRAMSGroup ActivitiesThe College offers a wide range of extracurricularactivities and programs. Theseinclude departmental, religious, social,political, and athletic activities; creativeevents, such as art displays and literary,musical, and dramatic performances; andextracurricular lectures on varied topics.Students publish newspapers and otherpublications and have the opportunity tojoin a variety of clubs.Policy on Guest SpeakersStudent groups have the right to hearspeakers of their choice in accordancewith the rules set by the College. It maynot, however, be assumed that speakersinvited by students represent the views ofthe College.Student GovernmentStudent government consists of TheCampus Association for Student Activities(CASA), which plans and administersprograms and allocates funds for studentgroups, and the Student Conference,which represents students' interests in theLehman College Senate.Participation in College GovernanceStudents shall comprise a permanentone-third of the total membership of theSenate, based upon combining the totalnumber of voting faculty and votingadministration representatives. Senatemeetings are open to all students andstaff at the College. Students are alsorepresented on College committees. Thestudent senators comprise the StudentConference.NOTIFICATION OF STUDENTIMMUNIZATION REQUIREMENTSStudents who do not submit proof of measles,mumps, and rubella (M.M.R.) immunizationor who fail to return themeningococcal meningitis response formwithin a statutory grace period shall beprohibited from attending the institution.For additional information, contact theStudent Health Center located in the T-3Building, Room 118 at the followingphone number: (718) 960-8900.Public Health Law 2165 requires thatpost-secondary students be immunizedagainst measles, mumps, and rubella(M.M.R.).All registered full-time students andpart-time students born on or after January1, 1957 who are enrolled for at leastsix, but fewer than twelve semester hours(or equivalent) per semester in an approveddegree program or registeredcertificate program must submit proof ofM.M.R. immunization. Students may beexempt from the required M.M.R. immunizationsfor religious or medicalreasons. To qualify for a religious exception,students must submit a signedstatement, or in the event the student is aminor (under 18), a signed statementfrom their parent or guardian, that theyhold sincere and genuine religious beliefsthat prohibit immunization. To qualifyfor a medical exception, students mustsubmit a written statement from a licensedphysician or nurse practitionerindicating that such immunization maybe detrimental to their health.Public Health Law 2167 requiresthat postsecondary institutions providewritten information about meningococcalmeningitis to its students andthat students complete, sign, and re-214 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

turn a meningococcal meningitis responseform. Public Health Law 2167does not require that students be immunizedagainst meningitis.Public Health Law 2167 requires collegesto distribute written informationabout meningococcal meningitis diseaseand vaccination and students to complete,sign, and return to the college, a meningococcalmeningitis response form that:(a) confirms that the college has providedthe information about meningococcalmeningitis; and (b) indicates that either:(1) the student has received immunizationagainst meningococcal meningitiswithin the 10 years preceding the date ofthe response form; or (2) the student hasdecided against receiving the vaccination.This law applies to students who are enrolledin at least six semester hours (or theequivalent) per semester. No student maybe exempt from receiving information orreturning the response form.FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAWNOTICERequests to inspect public records at thecollege should be made to the RecordsAccess Officer, Esdras Tulier, specialcounsel to the President, who is locatedin Shuster Hall, Room 376 (718-960-8559). Public records are available forinspection and copying by appointmentonly at a location to be designated. Youhave a right to appeal a denial of a requestfor access to records to the CUNYGeneral Counsel and Vice Chancellor forLegal Affairs. Copies of the CUNY Proceduresfor Public Access to Public RecordsPursuant to Article 6 of the Public OfficersLaw and the appeal form are availableat the Reference Desk of the Libraryand on the College website.CUNY Policy onAcademic IntegrityAcademic Dishonesty is prohibited inThe City University of New York and ispunishable by penalties, including failinggrades, suspension, and expulsion, asprovided herein.Definitions and Examples of AcademicDishonestyCheating is the unauthorized use orattempted use of material, information,notes, study aids devices or communicationduring an academic exercise.The following are some examples ofcheating, but by no means is it an exhaustivelist:.• Copying from another student duringan examination or allowing another tocopy your work.• Unauthorized collaboration on a takehome assignment or examination.• Using notes during a closed bookexamination.• Taking an examination for anotherstudent, or asking or allowing anotherstudent to take an examination for you.• Changing a graded exam and returningit for more credit.• Submitting substantial portions of thesame paper to more than one coursewithout consulting with each instructor.• Preparing answers or writing notes ina blue book (exam booklet) before anexamination.• Allowing another to research andwrite assigned papers or do assignedprojects, including use of commercialterm paper services.• Giving assistance to acts of academicmisconduct/dishonesty.• Fabricating data (all or in part).• Submitting someone else's work asyour own.• Unauthorized use during an examinationof any electronic devices, suchas cell phones, palm pilots, computers,or other technologies to retrieve orsend information.Plagiarism is the act of presenting anotherperson's ideas, research, or writingsas your own.The following are some examples ofplagiarism, but by no means is it anexhaustive list:• Copying another person's actualwords without the use of quotationmarks and footnotes attributing thewords to their source.• Presenting another person's ideas ortheories in your own words withoutacknowledging the source.• Using information that is not commonknowledge without acknowledgingthe source.• Failing to acknowledge collaboratorson homework and laboratory assignments.Internet Plagiarism includes submittingdownloaded term papers or parts of termpapers, paraphrasing or copying informationfrom the internet without citing thesource, and “cutting & pasting” from varioussources without proper attribution.Obtaining Unfair Advantage is any activitythat intentionally or unintentionallygives a student an unfair advantage inhis/her academic work over anotherstudent.The following are some examples ofobtaining an unfair advantage, but by nomeans it is an exhaustive list:• Stealing, reproducing, circulating orotherwise gaining advance access to examinationmaterials.• Depriving other students of access tolibrary materials by stealing, destroying,defacing, or concealing them.• Retaining, using or circulating examinationmaterials which clearly indicatethat they should be returned at the endof the exam.• Intentionally obstructing or interferingwith another student's work.Falsification of Records and OfficialDocumentsThe following are some examples offalsification, but by no means is it anexhaustive list:• Forging signatures of authorization.• Falsifying information on an officialacademic record.• Falsifying information on an officialdocument such as a grade report, letter ofpermission, drop/add form, ID card orother college document.PROCEDURES FOR IMPOSITION OFSANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS OFCUNY POLICY ON ACADEMICINTEGRITYIntroductionAs a legal matter, in disciplining studentsfor violations of policies of academicintegrity, CUNY, as a public institution,must conform to the principles of dueprocess mandated by the FourteenthAmendment to the United States Constitution—generallyspeaking—to providenotice of the charges and some opportunityto be heard. In the context of courtlitigatedviolations, questions as to howmuch and what kind of process was“due” turn on the court's judgmentwhether the decision on culpability was“disciplinary” (a question of fact) or“academic” (a question of the instructor'sexpert judgment). This distinction hasproved difficult to apply on campus.Accordingly, these procedures provide foralternative approaches depending on theseverity of the sanction(s) being sought.If the instructor desires solely an “academic”sanction, that is, a grade reduction,less process is due than if a“disciplinary” sanction, such as suspensionor expulsion, is sought.A faculty member who suspects that astudent has committed a violation of theCUNY or the College Academic IntegrityPolicy shall review with the student thefacts and circumstances of the suspectedviolation whenever possible. The decisionwhether to seek an academic sanctiononly, rather than a disciplinarysanction or both types of sanctions, willrest with the faculty member in the firstinstance, but the College retains the rightLEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 215

to bring disciplinary charges against thestudent. Among the factors the collegeshould consider in determining whetherto seek a disciplinary sanction arewhether the student has committed oneor more prior violations of the AcademicIntegrity Policy and mitigating circumstances,if any. It is strongly recommendedthat every instance of suspectedviolation should be reported to the AcademicIntegrity Official on a form providedby the College as described in thethird Recommendation for PromotingAcademic Integrity, above. Among otherthings, this reporting will allow the collegeto determine whether it wishes toseek a disciplinary sanction even wherethe instructor may not wish to do so.Procedures in Cases Where the InstructorSeeks an Academic Sanction Only1. Student Accepts Guilt and Does NotContest the Academic SanctionIf the faculty member wishes to seek onlyan academic sanction (i.e., a reducedgrade 1 only), and the student does notcontest either his/her guilt or the particularreduced grade the faculty member haschosen, then the student shall be given thereduced grade, unless the College decidesto seek a disciplinary sanction, see SectionI above and IV below. The reduced grademay apply to the particular assignment asto which the violation occurred or to thecourse grade, at the faculty member'sdiscretion.2. Student Denies Guilt and/or Conteststhe Academic SanctionIf the student denies guilt or contests theparticular grade awarded by the facultymember, then the matter shall be handledusing the College's grade appealsprocess, including departmental gradingcommittees where applicable, or theAcademic Integrity Committee. In eithercase, the process must, at a minimum,provide the student with an opportunityto be heard and to present evidence.Procedures in Cases Where a DisciplinarySanction Is SoughtIf a faculty member suspects a violationand seeks a disciplinary sanction, thefaculty member shall refer the mater tothe College's Academic Integrity Officialusing the Faculty Report form, as describedin the third Recommendation forPromoting Academic Integrity above, tobe adjudicated by the College's Faculty-Student Disciplinary Committee underArticle 15 of the CUNY Bylaws. As providedfor therein, the Faculty-StudentDisciplinary Committee may, amongother things, investigate, conciliate, orhear evidence on cases in which disciplinarycharges are brought. 2 Under certaincircumstances, College officials otherthan the Academic Integrity Official mayseek disciplinary sanctions following theprocedures outlined above. For the reasonsdiscussed in Item IV below, if areduced grade is also at issue, then thatgrade should be held in abeyance, pendingthe Faculty-Student DisciplinaryCommittee's action.Procedures in Cases in Which Both aDisciplinary and an Academic SanctionAre SoughtIf a faculty member or the College seeksto have both a disciplinary and an academicsanction imposed, it is not advisableto proceed on both frontssimultaneously lest inconsistent resultsensue. Thus, it is best to begin with thedisciplinary proceeding seeking impositionof a disciplinary sanction and awaitits outcome before addressing the academicsanction. If the Faculty-StudentDisciplinary Committee finds that thealleged violation occurred, then the facultymember may reflect that finding inthe student's grade. If the Faculty-StudentDisciplinary Committee finds that thealleged violation did not occur, then nosanction of any kind may be imposed.The decision whether to pursue bothtypes of sanctions will ordinarily restwith the faculty member.Reporting Requirements1. By the Faculty Member to the AcademicIntegrity OfficialIn cases where a violation of academicintegrity has been found to have occurred(whether by admission or a factfindingprocess), the faculty membershould promptly file with the AcademicIntegrity Official a report of the adjudicationin writing on a Faculty Report formprovided by the College as describedabove. The Academic Integrity Officialshall maintain a confidential file for eachstudent about whom a suspected or adjudicatedviolation is reported. If eitherthe grade appeals process or the Faculty-Student Disciplinary Committee findsthat no violation occurred, the AcademicIntegrity Official shall remove and destroyall material relating to that incidentfrom the student's confidential academicintegrity file. Before determining whatsanction(s) to seek, the faculty memberor the Academic Integrity Official mayconsult the student's confidential academicintegrity file, if any, to determinewhether the student has been found tohave previously committed a violation ofthe Academic Integrity Policy, the natureof the infraction, and the sanction imposedor action taken.2. By the Academic Integrity Official tothe Faculty MemberWhere a matter proceeds to the Faculty-Student Disciplinary Committee, theAcademic Integrity Official shallpromptly report its resolution to thefaculty member and file a record of theresolution in the student's confidentialacademic integrity file, unless, as indicatedabove, the suspected violation washeld to be unfounded, in which case allreporting forms concerning that suspectedviolation shall be destroyed.The City University ofNew York WorkplaceViolence Policy &ProceduresThe City University of New York has along-standing commitment to promotinga safe and secure academic and workenvironment that promotes the achievementof its mission of teaching, research,scholarship, and service. All members ofthe University community—students,faculty, and staff—are expected to maintaina working and learning environmentfree from violence, threats of harassment,violence, intimidation, or coercion. Whilethese behaviors are not prevalent at theUniversity, no organization is immune.The purpose of this policy is to addressthe issue of potential workplaceviolence in our community, preventworkplace violence from occurring to thefullest extent possible, and set forth proceduresto be followed when such violencehas occurred.PolicyThe City University of New York prohibitsworkplace violence. Violence, threatsof violence, intimidation, harassment,coercion, or other threatening behaviortowards people or property will not betolerated. Complaints involving workplaceviolence will not be ignored andwill be given the serious attention theydeserve. Individuals who violate thispolicy may be removed from Universityproperty and are subject to disciplinaryand/or personnel action up to and in-1A reduced grade can be an “F,” a “D-,” or another grade that is lower than the grade that would have been given but for the violation.2Typically, disciplinary sanctions would be sought in cases of the most egregious, or repeated, violations, for example: infraction in ways similar tocriminal activity (such as forging a grade form; stealing an examination from a professor or a university office; or forging a transcript); having a substitutetake an examination or taking an examination for someone else; sabotaging another student's work through actions designed to prevent the studentfrom successfully completing an assignment; dishonesty that affects a major or essential portion of work done to meet course requirements. [These exampleshave been taken from a list of violations compiled by Rutgers University.]216 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009

cluding termination, consistent withUniversity policies, rules, and collectivebargaining agreements, and/or referral tolaw enforcement authorities for criminalprosecution. Complaints of sexual harassmentare covered under the University'sPolicy Against Sexual Harassment.The University, at the request of anemployee or student, or at its own discretion,may prohibit members of the public,including family members, fromseeing an employee or student on Universityproperty unless necessary to transactUniversity-related business. This policyparticularly applies in cases where theemployee or student suspects that an actof violence will result from an encounterwith said individual(s).ScopeAll faculty, staff, students, vendors, contractors,consultants, and others who dobusiness with the University, whether ina University facility or off-campus locationwhere University business is conducted,are covered by this policy. Thispolicy also applies to other persons notaffiliated with the University, such asformer employees, former students, andvisitors. When students have complaintsabout other students, they should contactthe Office of Student Affairs at theircampus.DefinitionsWorkplace violence is any behavior thatis violent, threatens violence, coerces,harasses, or intimidates others, interfereswith an individual's legal rights ofmovement or expression, or disrupts theworkplace, the academic environment, orthe University's ability to provide servicesto the public. Examples of workplaceviolence include, but are not limited to:1. Disruptive behavior intended to disturb,interfere with, or prevent normalwork activities (such as yelling, usingprofanity, verbally abusing others, orwaving arms and fists).2. Intentional physical contact for thepurpose of causing harm (such as slapping,stabbing, punching, striking, shoving,or other physical attack).3. Menacing or threatening behavior(such as throwing objects, pounding on adesk or door, damaging property, stalking,or otherwise acting aggressively; ormaking oral or written statements specificallyintended to frighten, coerce, orthreaten), where a reasonable personwould interrupt such behavior as constitutingevidence of intent to cause harmto individuals or property.4. Possessing firearms, imitation firearms,knives, or other dangerous weapons,instruments, or materials. No onewithin the University community shallhave in their possession a firearm orother dangerous weapon, instrument, ormaterial that can be used to inflict bodilyharm on an individual or damage toUniversity property without specificwritten authorization from the Chancelloror the College President regardless ofwhether the individual possesses a validpermit to carry the firearm or weapon.Reporting of Incidents1. General Reporting ResponsibilitiesIncidents of workplace violence, threatsof workplace violence, or observations ofworkplace violence are not be ignored byany member of the University community.Workplace violence shouldpromptly be reported to the appropriateUniversity official (see below). Additionally,faculty, staff, and students are encouragedto report behavior that theyreasonably believe poses a potential forworkplace violence as defined above. It isimportant that all members of the Universitycommunity take this responsibilityseriously to effectively maintain a safeworking and learning environment.2. Imminent or Actual ViolenceAny person experiencing or witnessingimminent danger or actual violence involvingweapons or personal injuryshould call the Campus Public SafetyOffice immediately, or call 911.3. Acts of Violence Not Involving Weaponsor Injuries to PersonsAny person who is the subject of a suspectedviolation of this policy involvingviolence without weapons or personalinjury, or is a witness to such suspectedviolation, should report the incident tohis or her supervisor, or in lieu thereof,to their respective Campus Public SafetyOffice. Students should report such incidentsto the Office of Student Affairs attheir campus or in lieu thereof, theircampus Public Safety Office. The CampusPublic Safety Office will work withthe Office of Human Resources and thesupervisor or the Office of Student Affairson an appropriate response.4. Commission of a CrimeAll individuals who believe a crime hasbeen committed against them have theright, and are encouraged, to report theincident to the appropriate law enforcementagency.5. False ReportsMembers of the University communitywho make false and malicious complaintsof workplace violence, as opposed tocomplaints which, even if erroneous, aremade in good faith, will be subject todisciplinary action and/or referral to civilauthorities as appropriate.6. Incident ReportsThe University will report incidents ofworkplace violence consistent with theCollege Policies for Incident ReportingUnder the Campus Security Policy andStatistical Act (Cleary Act).Responsibilities1. PresidentsThe President of each constituent collegeof the City University of New York, theChief Operating Officer at the CentralOffice, and the Deans of the Law Schooland the Sophie Davis School of BiomedicalEducation shall be responsible for theimplementation of this policy on his orher respective campus. The responsibilityincludes dissemination of this policy toall members of the college community,ensuring appropriate investigation andfollow-up of all alleged incidents ofworkplace violence, constituting a WorkplaceViolence Advisory Team (See #7below), and ensuring that all administrators,managers, and supervisors are awareof their responsibilities under this policythrough internal communications andtraining.2. Campus Public Safety OfficeThe Campus Public Safety Office is responsiblefor responding to, intervening,and documenting all incidents of violencein the workplace. The CampusPublic Safety Office will immediately logall incidents of workplace violence andwill notify the respective supervisor of anincident with his/her employee, or notifythe appropriate campus official of anincident with a student. All officersshould be knowledgeable of when lawenforcement action may be appropriate.Public Safety will maintain an internaltracking system of all threats and incidentsof violence. Annual reports will besubmitted to the President (at the sametime as the report noted below) detailingthe number and description of workplaceviolence incidents, the disposition of theincidents, and recommend policy, trainingissues, or security procedures thatwere or should be implemented to maintaina safe working and learning environment.These incidents will bereported in the Annual Report of theCollege Advisory Committee on CampusSecurity consistent with the reportingrequirements of Article 129A Subsection6450 of the N.Y.S. Education Law (Regulationby Colleges of Conduct on Campusesand Other College Property forEducational Purposes).Officers will be trained in workplaceviolence awareness and prevention, nonviolentcrises intervention, conflict management,and dispute resolution.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 217

Officers will work closely with HumanResources when the possibility of workplaceviolence is heightened, as well ason the appropriate response to workplaceviolence incidents consistent withCUNY policies, rules, procedures, andapplicable labor agreements, includingappropriate disciplinary action up to andincluding termination.When informed, Public Safety will maintaina record of any Orders of Protectionfor faculty, staff, and students. PublicSafety will provide escort service tomembers of the college communitywithin its geographical confines, whensufficient personnel are available. Suchservices are to be extended at the discretionof the Campus Public Safety Directoror designee. Only the President, ordesignee, in his/her absence, can authorizeescort service outside of the geographicalconfines of the college.3. SupervisorsEach dean, director, department chairperson,executive officer, administrator,or other person with supervisory responsibility(hereinafter “supervisor”) is responsiblewithin his/her area ofjurisdiction for the implementation ofthis policy. Supervisors must report totheir respective Campus Public SafetyOffice any complaint of workplace violencemade to him/her and any otherincidents of workplace violence of whichhe/she becomes aware or reasonablybelieves to exist. Supervisors are expectedto inform their immediate supervisorpromptly about any complaints, acts, orthreats of violence even if the situationhas been addressed and resolved. Afterhaving reported such complaint or incidentto the Campus Public Safety Directorand immediate supervisor, thesupervisor should keep it confidentialand not disclose it further, except asnecessary during the investigation processand/or subsequent proceedings.Supervisors are required to contact theCampus Public Safety Office immediatelyin the event of imminent or actualviolence involving weapons or potentialphysical injuries.4. Faculty and StaffFaculty and staff must report workplaceviolence, as defined above, to their supervisor.Faculty and staff who are advisedby a student that a workplaceviolence incident has occurred or hasbeen observed must report this to theCampus Public Safety Director immediately.Recurring or persistent workplaceviolence that an employee reasonablybelieves is not being addressed satisfactorily,or violence that is, or has been, engagedin by the employee's supervisorshould be brought to the attention of theCampus Public Safety Director.Employees who have obtained Orders ofProtection are expected to notify theirsupervisors and the Campus PublicSafety Office of any orders that list CUNYlocations as protected areas.Victims of domestic violence who believethe violence may extend into the workplace,or employees who believe thatdomestic or other personal matters mayresult in their being subject to violenceextending into the workplace, are encouragedto notify their supervisor, or theCampus Public Safety Office. Confidentialitywill be maintained to the extentpossible.Upon hiring, and annually thereafter,faculty and staff will receive copies of thispolicy. Additionally, the policy will beposted throughout the campus and beplaced on the CUNY website and on thecollege's website, as appropriate.5. Office of Human ResourcesThe Office of Human Resources at eachcampus is responsible for assisting theCampus Public Safety Director and supervisorsin responding to workplaceviolence; facilitating appropriate responsesto reported incidents of workplaceviolence; notifying the CampusPublic Safety Office of workplace violenceincidents reported to that office;and consulting with, as necessary, counselingservices to secure professionalintervention.The Office of Human Resources is responsiblefor providing new employeesor employees transferred to the campuswith a copy of the Workplace ViolencePolicy and Procedures and insuring thatfaculty and staff receive appropriatetraining. The Office of Human Resourceswill also be responsible for annuallydisseminating this policy to all facultyand staff at their campus, as well as postingthe policy throughout the campusand on the college's website, as appropriate.6. StudentsStudents who witness violence, learn ofthreats, or are victims of violence byemployees, students, or others shouldreport the incident immediately to theCampus Public Safety Office. If there isno imminent danger, students shouldreport threatening incidents by employees,students, or others as soon as possibleto the Campus Public Safety Office orOffice of Student Affairs. Students will be218 LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009provided with workplace violenceawareness information (including informationregarding available counselingservices) upon registration each year.7. Workplace Violence Advisory TeamA college President shall establish aWorkplace Violence Advisory Team athis/her college. This Team, working withthe College Advisory Committee onCampus Security, will assist the Presidentin responding to workplace violence;facilitating appropriate responses toreported incidents of workplace violence;assessing the potential problem of workplaceviolence at its site; assessing thecollege's readiness for dealing withworkplace violence; evaluating incidentsto prevent future occurrences; and utilizingprevention, intervention, and interviewingtechniques in responding toworkplace violence. This Team will alsodevelop workplace violence preventiontools (such as pamphlets, guidelines, andhandbooks) to further assist in recognizingand preventing workplace violenceon campus. It is recommended that thisTeam include representatives from CampusPublic Safety, Human Resources,Labor Relations, Counseling Services,Occupational Health and Safety, Legal,and others, including faculty, staff, andstudents, as deemed appropriate by thePresident.In lieu of establishing the WorkplaceViolence Advisory Team, a President mayopt to expand the College AdvisoryCommittee on Campus Security withrepresentatives from the areas recommendedabove to address workplaceviolence issues at the campus and performthe functions outlined above.8. University CommunicationsAll communications to the Universitycommunity and outside entities regardingincidents of workplace violence willbe made through the University Office ofUniversity Relations after consultationwith the respective President or his/herdesignee.EducationColleges are responsible for the disseminationand enforcement of this policy asdescribed herein, as well as for providingopportunities for training in the preventionand awareness of workplace violence.The Office of Faculty and StaffRelations will provide assistance to thecampuses in identifying available trainingopportunities, as well as other resourcesand tools (such as referencematerials detailing workplace violencewarning signs), that can be incorporated

into campus prevention materials fordissemination to the college community.Additionally, the Office of Faculty & StaffRelations will offer periodic trainingopportunities to supplement the college'straining programs.ConfidentialityThe University shall maintain the confidentialityof investigations of workplaceviolence to the extent possible. The Universitywill act on the basis of anonymouscomplaints where it has areasonable basis to believe that there hasbeen a violation of this policy and thatthe safety and well-being of members ofthe University community would beserved by such action.RetaliationRetaliation against anyone acting in goodfaith who has made a complaint ofworkplace violence, who has reportedwitnessing workplace violence, or whohas been involved in reporting, investigating,or responding to workplace violenceis a violation of this policy. Thosefound responsible for retaliatory actionwill be subject to discipline up to andincluding termination.NOTICE OF ACCESS TO CAMPUSCRIME STATISTICS, THE CAMPUSSECURITY REPORT, ANDINFORMATION ON REGISTERED SEXOFFENDERSThe College Advisory Committee onCampus Safety will provide upon requestall campus crime statistics as reported tothe U.S. Department of Education, aswell as the annual campus security report.The campus security report includes:1. the campus crime statistics for themost recent calendar year and the twopreceding calendar years;2. campus policies regarding proceduresand facilities to report criminal actions orother emergencies on campus;3. policies concerning the security of andaccess to campus facilities;4. policies on campus law enforcement;5. a description of campus programs toinform students and employees aboutcampus security procedures and practicesand to encourage students and employeesto be responsible for their own securityand the security of others;6. campus crime prevention programs;7. policy concerning the monitoringthrough the police of criminal activity atoff-campus locations of student organizationsofficially recognized by the college;8. policies on illegal drugs, alcohol, andunderage drinking;9. where information provided by theState on registered sex offenders may beobtained (also see below); and10. policies on campus sexual assaultprograms aimed at the prevention of sexoffenses and procedures to be followedwhen a sex offense occurs. This informationis maintained pursuant to the federalJeanne Clery Disclosure of CampusSecurity Policy and Campus Crime StatisticsAct.The campus crime statistics and the annualcampus security report are availableat the Reference Desk of the library andthe College website at www.lehman.edu).If you wish to be mailed copies of thecampus crime statistics and the annualcampus security report, you should contactAlicia Cruz, assistant director ofpublic safety, at 718-960-8593, and copieswill be mailed to you within 10 days.The U.S. Department of Education'swebsite address for campus crime statisticsis:www.ed.gov/security/InstDetail.asp (theninput the name of the school).In accordance with the federal CampusSex Crimes Prevention Act, registered sexoffenders now are required to register thename and address of any college atwhich he or she is a student or employee.The New York State Division of CriminalJustice maintains a registry of convictedsex offenders and informs the college'schief security (public safety) officer of thepresence on campus of a registered sexoffender as a student or employee. ContactAlicia Cruz, assistant director ofpublic safety, in Room 109 of the APEX(718-960-8593) to obtain informationabout Level 2 or Level 3 registered sexoffenders on campus. To obtain informationabout Level 3 offenders, visit theDivision's registry website atwww.criminaljustice.state.ny.us/nsor/sor_about.htm and then click on“Search for Level 3 Sex Offenders” oraccess the directory at the College's publicsafety department or police precinct.To obtain information about Level 2offenders, contact the public safety department,local police precinct in whichthe offender resides or attends college, orthe Division's sex offender registry at800-262-3257.ATHLETIC PROGRAM PARTICIPATIONNOTICELehman College files an annual reportwith the U.S. Secretary of Education onintercollegiate athletics that includesinformation on the participation ofmales and females on its teams, and theexpenditures and revenues of thoseteams. Copies of the annual report onintercollegiate athletics are available atthe reference desk of the Library.LEHMAN COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN 2007-2009 219

IndexAAcademic Competitive Grant • 16Academic Departments and Programs • 57Academic Facilities • 24Academic Honors • 47Academic Information and AdvisementCenter • 44Academic Integrity • 53Academic Organization • 5Academic Policies • 47Academic Services • 44Academic Services and Policies • 43Academic Standards • 54Academic Year • 4Admission Requirements • 112Admission to Undergraduate DegreePrograms • 8Adult Degree Colloquium • 124Adult Degree Program • 33Advanced Courses • 119Advanced Imaging Labs • 26African and African American Studies • 61Aid for Part-Time Study (Apts) • 15Anthropology • 71Applicants for the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)in Social Work • 10Applicants for the Bachelor of Science(B.S.) in Nursing • 10Application Fees • 22Application to the Nursing Program • 170Applying for Student Teaching • 45Applying for Teacher Certification • 46Area of Concentration (Major) • 15Areas of Study Within Sociology • 188Art • 74Athletic Program Participation Notice • 219Attendance and Absences • 214Attendance/Academic Requirements ForRecipients of Student Financial Aid • 14Audited Courses • 50BBaccalaureate Programs • 31Bachelor of Arts-Master of Arts (B.A.-M.A.)Program • 34Basic Skills Proficiency • 38Biological Sciences • 79Black Studies Sequences • 65Board of Trustees • 199Board of Trustees Rules and Regulationson Campus Conduct • 209Bronx Data Center • 5Bursar's Receipt • 22CCandidates for a Second UndergraduateDegree • 12Career Preparation • 106Careers in Mental Health • 184Certificate Program in GeographicInformation Science (GISc) • 106Certification Sequence • 163Chemistry • 84Childhood Certification Sequence (Grades1 to 6) • 91Childhood-Integrated Bilingual Extension(Grades 1 to 6) • 91Classical Languages, Literatures, &Cultures • 133College Accreditation and Affiliations • 4College Governance • 4College Honors • 47College Now For High School Students •12College Policies, Procedures, &Regulations • 213College Preparatory Initiative • 37College Requirement In Mathematics • 153College Writing Requirement • 99College Writing Requirement (3-6Credits) • 38Comparative Literature(Interdepartmental) • 88Comparative Studies in Sociology • 188Computer and Instructional TechnologyFacilities • 24Computer Graphics and Imaging Minor(12 Credits) • 155Content Speciality Tests • 46Cooperative Education • 89Course Offerings, Levels, and Codes • 58Courses with Credit Equivalent Hours • 21Credit and Course Loads • 48Credit by Departmental Examination • 50Credit by Examination • 50Credit Requirements • 38Cumulative Index • 51Cuny Baccalaureate Program • 34Cuny Policy on Academic Integrity • 215Cuny Proficiency Exam • 38CUNY/SUNY Community CollegeGraduates • 10DDean's List* • 47Degree Programs • 4Degree Requirements • 37, 124Department Grade Requirement • 171Departmental Ensembles • 167Departmental Grade Appeals • 51Departmental Grading Policy • 110Departmental Honors • 61, 184Departmental Honors in Mathematics orComputer Science • 153Developmental Disabilities Minor • 112Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition • 110Distribution Requirement (21 Credits) • 39Division of Adult and ContinuingEducation • 5Division of Arts and Humanities • 5Division of Education • 5Division of Natural and Social Sciences • 5Double Majors • 41Drug and Alcohol Usage • 214EEarly Childhood (Birth-Grade 2), With OrWithout Bilingual ExtensionChildhood (Grades 1-6), With OrWithout Bilingual Extension • 36Early Childhood And ChildhoodEducation • 90Early Childhood Certification Sequence-Integrated Bilingual Extension (BirthTo Grade 2) • 91Economics, Accounting And BusinessAdministration • 95Election to Honor Societies • 47Electives for Majors/Minors • 126Eligibility • 124Employer Voucher • 20English • 99English as a Second Language • 105Enrichment Topics (Minicourses) • 155Enrolled Students • 18Entrance, Continuation, and ExitConditions • 162Environmental, Geographic, andGeological Sciences • 106Estimated Other Expenses • 22Examination Requirements for InitialCertification • 45Examination Requirements for ProvisionalCertification • 90Excess Credit • 48Experimental Course or Program • 37External Examination Programs (A.P.,C.L.E.P., C.P.E.P.) • 50Extracurricular Activities and Programs •214FFaculty • 201Family Relations and Child Development• 193Federal Direct Student Loan • 17Federal Parent Loans for UndergraduateStudents (P.L.U.S.) • 17Federal Pell Grant • 16Federal Perkins Loan Program • 17Federal Programs • 16Federal Supplemental EducationalOpportunity Grants (F.S.E.O.G.) • 17Federal Work/Study Program • 17Field Placement Agencies • 192Field Study • 106Final Examinations • 52Financial Aid • 14Fine And Performing Arts Facilities • 27Foreign Language Requirement (3-9Credits) • 39Freedom of Information Law Notice • 215Freedom of Speech • 214French • 134Freshman Seminar • 109Freshmen • 8Full-Time Matriculants • 48Full-Time Status • 19GGeneral Education Courses • 38General Family and Consumer StudiesEducation Areas of Study • 193General Information • 8Geriatric Health Minor • 112Germanic Languages and Literature • 134Golden Key International Honor Society •47Grading System I • 51Grading System II • 51Graduate Courses for UndergraduateCredit • 50Graduate Curriculum • 4Graduate Study in Geology • 106Graduation Requirements • 55HHealth Education and Promotion • 111Health N-12 Teacher • 111Health Professions Institute • 109Health Sciences • 110Health Services Administration • 111Hebraic and Judaic Studies • 134History • 118Honors in Comparative Literature • 89Honors in Health Education AndPromotion • 111Honors in Health N-12 Teacher • 111Honors in Health Services Administration• 112Honors in Linguistics • 152Honors Program • 100, 173

Housing, Family Economics, andConsumer Studies • 193IIdentification Cards • 214Immunization Registration Requirement• 12Incomplete Courses • 53Independent Extradisciplinary Studies •37Index Computation Formula • 51Individual Applicants for N.Y.S.Certification • 163Individualized B.A. in Plant Studies • 79Individualized Bachelor of Arts Program• 33Individualized Study Programs • 124Instructional Support Center forExcellence • 26Intercollegiate Athletics • 28Interdisciplinary and InterdepartmentalPrograms • 34Interdisciplinary Geriatric Team Option,B.S. • 112Interdisciplinary Programs • 133International Student Admissions • 11International Student Services • 30Internship and Field ExperienceOpportunities • 36Intramural Athletics • 28Introductory Courses • 118Introductory Mathematics Courses (Mat)• 155Inventory of Undergraduate ProgramNames and Degrees as Registered withN.Y.S.• 33Italian • 134Italian-American Studies • 125JJournalism, Communication, and Theatre• 126LLanguages and Literatures • 133L.A.S.T. • 46Latin American and Caribbean StudiesProgram (Interdisciplinary) • 147Latin American and Puerto Rican Studies •147Lehman Center for the Performing Arts •27Lehman College Administration • 199Lehman College Art Gallery • 27Lehman College Credit for Attendance atOther Institutions • 49Lehman College Records Policy • 212Lehman Stages • 27Life-Experience Credits • 124Linguistics (Interdisciplinary) • 152Literature and the Arts • 150MMacaulay Honors College at Lehman • 32Major • 124Major Field Requirement • 41Major Fields • 133Mass Communication Program • 127Mass Communication Sequence • 127Mathematics and Computer Science • 153Mathematics Requirement • 39Middle and High School Education • 162Minor • 126, 127, 173Minor in Biology • 79Minor in Dietetics, Foods, and Nutrition •110Minor in English • 100Minor in Environmental Science • 106Minor in Geographic Information Science• 106Minor in Geology • 106Minor in Health Services Administration •112Minor in Latin American Studies • 147Minor in Physics • 176Minor in Psychology • 184Minor in Puerto Rican Studies • 148Minor in Theatre • 129Minor Requirement • 41Multilingual Journalism Program • 126Music • 167NNational Science and Mathematics Accessto Retain Talent (S.M.A.R.T.) Grants •16Natural Science Requirement (8-10Credits) • 39New Course Repeat Rule for New YorkState Financial Aid • 15New Students • 18New York Botanical Garden • 26New York State Aid to Native Americans •15New York State Education Law Section224-A • 213New York State Programs (H.E.S.C.) • 14New York State Resident Tuition Rate • 10Non-Classroom Credits • 124Non-Degree Students • 11, 48Non-Instructional Fees • 22Notice of Access to Campus CrimeStatistics; the Campus Security Report;and Information on Registered SexOffenders • 219Notification of Student ImmunizationRequirements • 214Nursing • 170OOffice of the Registrar • 44Office of the Vice President of StudentAffairs • 27Officers of The City University Of NewYork • 199Other Offerings • 133PPart-Time Matriculants • 48Pass/Fail Option • 51Payment Procedures • 19Petitioning • 214Phi Beta Kappa • 47Philosophy • 173Physics and Astronomy • 176Placement in Courses • 167Political Science • 179Predental, Premedical, and Preveterinary •34Pre-Engineering Transfer Program • 35Prelaw • 35Preparation for Secondary SchoolTeaching • 176Preparation for Teaching • 84Prepharmacy • 34Presidential Scholar • 47Primate Behavior and Evolution • 184Probation Requirements • 55Professional and Pre-ProfessionalPrograms • 34Program in English as a Second Language• 38Program in Social Work • 190Programs in Dance • 131Programs of Study Abroad • 36Prohibition on Submission of FraudulentAdmission Documents • 10Psychology • 184RReadmission to Lehman College • 11Recital Hall • 27Recreation Education • 112Recreation Minor • 112Recreation Opportunities • 28Refunds • 20Refunds of Fees • 20Refunds of Tuition • 20Regents Awards for Children of Deceasedor Disabled Veterans • 15Related Courses • 150Representing the College • 214Requirement of a Minor • 110Research Institutes and CommunityResources • 5Research Methods and Theory • 188SSatisfaction of the College ForeignLanguage Requirement • 61Schedule of Courses • 4Scholarships and Awards • 18Science Laboratories • 26Second Undergraduate Degree Program •34S.E.E.K. (Search For Education,Evaluation, and Knowledge) • 16Senior Citizens • 12Sigma Xi • 47Slavic Languages and Literature • 134Smoking • 214Sociology and Social Work • 187Solicitation on Campus • 214Spanish • 134Special Admission Categories • 10Special Curriculum Programs • 32Special Examination Fees • 22Special Provisions for Students in theMilitary • 20Special Student Services • 30Special Studies • 36Specialized Services in Education • 192Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences • 194Statement of Nondiscrimination • 210Student Classification • 47Student Life Facilities andPrograms/Services • 27Summer Session • 48Summer Sessions • 4TTeacher Certification • 45, 61, 147, 148,162, 192Teacher Education • 35Teacher Education Programs in Middleand High School Education • 162Teacher Education Services of the Divisionof Education • 45Testing Requirements for Freshmen • 9Testing Requirements for TransferStudents and Information RegardingAct Exemptions • 9The Adult Degree Program • 124The APEX • 28The Bookstore • 27The Bronx Institute • 5

The Cafeteria • 29The Center for School/CollegeCollaboratives • 5The Certification Sequences • 90The Child Care Center • 30The City University of New York • 3, 199The City University of New YorkComputer User Responsibilities • 213The City University of New York Policy onSexual Harassment • 211The City University of New York Policy onWithholding Student Records • 14The City University of New YorkWorkplace Violence Policy andProcedures • 216The Counseling Center • 29The Early Childhood CertificationSequences (Birth To Grade 2) • 91The General Area of Sociology • 188The Individualized Baccalaureate Program• 124The Institute for Irish American Studies • 6The Institute for Literacy Studies • 6The Language Laboratory • 25The Lehman Scholars Program • 32, 151The Library • 24The Mathematics and Computer ScienceQualifying Exam • 153The Mission of Lehman College • 3The Office of Campus Life • 28The Office of Career Services • 29The Paris/CUNY Exchange Program • 37The Ronald E. McNair Program • 32The S.E.E.K Program • 8The Speech and Hearing Center • 29The Student Health Center • 29The Undergraduate General EducationCurriculum • 32The Written Assessment of Teaching Skills• 46Theatre Program • 129Time Limit to Complete the NursingProgram • 171Title II Data: • 46Total Withdrawals • 49Transfer Students • 9Tuition and Fees • 18Tuition Assistance Program (T.A.P.) • 14Tutoring Programs • 44UU.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs Aid to NativeAmericans • 17Undergraduate Curriculum • 4Undergraduate Grading Systems andRelated Policies • 51Undergraduate Teacher Certifications • 36Upper-Division Interdisciplinary GeneralEducation Requirement (6 Credits) •41Urban Studies (Interdisciplinary) • 196VVeterans • 11Veterans Administration (V.A.)Educational Benefits • 18Vietnam Veterans and Persian GulfVeterans Tuition Award (V.V.T.A. &P.G.V.T.A.) • 15Visiting Students • 11Vocational Rehabilitation • 16WWithdrawal from Courses • 48Women's Studies (Interdisciplinary) • 197Women's Studies Option • 61, 148, 173,184, 187World Classics • 146Writing-Intensive Course Requirements •40

BY CARFrom Manhattan—East SideVia East River Drive to Willis Avenue Bridge (or TriboroughBridge—Bronx spur) to Major Deegan Expressway(I-87) north to Van Cortlandt Park Southexit. Follow directions from the Major Deegan Expressway.From Manhattan—West SideVia West Side Highway north (it becomes Henry HudsonParkway) to Mosholu Parkway exit. Follow directionsfrom the Henry Hudson Parkway.DIRECTIONS TO THE CAMPUSFrom WestchesterVia New York State Thruway (I-87) south (it becomesMajor Deegan Expressway) to Van Cortlandt ParkSouth exit. Follow directions from the Major Deegan Expressway.orVia Saw Mill River Parkway south (it becomes HenryHudson Parkway) to Mosholu Parkway exit. Followdirections from the Henry Hudson Parkway.orVia Bronx River Parkway south to Gun Hill Road exit.Make a right from exit ramp and take Gun Hill RoadWest to Jerome Avenue. Turn left onto Jerome, followingthe elevated subway line above to W. 205 Street.Turn right, and proceed two short blocks to GouldenAvenue. Make a left onto Goulden Avenue and proceedone block. Campus is on the left.From Queens and Eastern Long IslandVia Grand Central Parkway to Triborough Bridge—Bronx spur to Major Deegan Expressway (I-87) northto Van Cortlandt Park South exit. Follow directions fromthe Major Deegan Expressway.orVia Throgs Neck Bridge or Whitestone Bridge to CrossBronx Expressway west to Major Deegan Expressway(I-87) north to Van Cortlandt Park South exit. Followdirections from the Major Deegan Expressway.From New JerseyVia George Washington Bridge to Major Deegan Expressway(I-87) north to Van Cortlandt Park Southexit. Follow directions from the Major Deegan Expressway.From the Major Deegan ExpresswayExit at Van Cortlandt Park South. From the south, bearleft along the fork of the exit ramp and make a left atthe traffic light. From the north, make a left at the trafficlight. Proceed up the winding hill for 4 traffic lights.Immediately after 4th traffic light, make a quick rightonto Goulden Avenue. Proceed two long blocks toBedford Park Boulevard West, where the campus begins.The parking lots are on your right.From the Henry Hudson ParkwayExit at Mosholu Parkway. Proceed on long exit ramp.At the second traffic light, before subway underpass,turn right onto Paul Avenue for two long blocks. AtBedford Park Boulevard, turn right and then left ontoGoulden Avenue. The parking lots are on your right.BY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONSUBWAYS: Take the IRT No. 4 Lexington Avenue orthe IND “D” Line to the Bedford Park Boulevard station.Walk west to the campus. For information, call(718) 330-1234.BRONX BUSES: The following Bronx buses stop nearthe Lehman campus: Nos. 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 12, 22, 26,28, 32, and 34. For information, call (718) 330-1234.EXPRESS BUSES: Express Buses between the Bronxand Manhattan (BXM-4A and 4B) stop at BedfordPark Boulevard and the Grand Concourse. For information,call (718) 652-8400.WESTCHESTER BUSES: From White Plains, Hartsdale,Scarsdale, and Yonkers via Central Park Avenue, take theNo. 20 or 20X. From Yonkers (Getty Square, SouthBroadway, McLean Avenue, and Central Park Avenue),take the No. 4 bus.These Bee-Line buses end at Jerome Avenue and BedfordPark Boulevard. For information, call (914) 682-2020.