Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideTable of ContentsChapter 21. Restricted Shells.........................................................................................................................359Chapter 22. Process Substitution...................................................................................................................361Chapter 23. Functions....................................................................................................................................36423.1. Complex Functions and Function Complexities.........................................................................36723.2. Local Variables...........................................................................................................................37723.2.1. Local variables and recursion...........................................................................................37823.3. Recursion Without Local Variables............................................................................................380Chapter 24. Aliases.........................................................................................................................................383Chapter 25. List Constructs...........................................................................................................................386Chapter 26. Arrays.........................................................................................................................................389Chapter 27. /dev and /proc.............................................................................................................................41727.1. /dev..............................................................................................................................................41727.2. /proc............................................................................................................................................419Chapter 28. Of Zeros and Nulls.....................................................................................................................425Chapter 29. Debugging...................................................................................................................................429Chapter 30. Options........................................................................................................................................439Chapter 31. Gotchas.......................................................................................................................................441Chapter 32. Scripting With Style..................................................................................................................44932.1. Unofficial Shell Scripting Stylesheet..........................................................................................449Chapter 33. Miscellany...................................................................................................................................45233.1. Interactive and non-interactive shells and scripts.......................................................................45233.2. Operator Precedence...................................................................................................................45333.3. Shell Wrappers............................................................................................................................45533.4. Tests and Comparisons: Alternatives..........................................................................................46033.5. A script calling itself (recursion)................................................................................................46033.6. "Colorizing" Scripts....................................................................................................................46333.7. Optimizations..............................................................................................................................47533.8. Assorted Tips..............................................................................................................................47633.8.1. Ideas for more powerful scripts.........................................................................................47633.8.2. Widgets..............................................................................................................................48533.9. Security Issues............................................................................................................................48733.9.1. Infected Shell Scripts.........................................................................................................48733.9.2. Hiding Shell Script Source................................................................................................48733.9.3. Writing Secure Shell Scripts.............................................................................................48833.10. Portability Issues.......................................................................................................................48833.11. Shell Scripting Under Windows...............................................................................................489iii
Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideTable of ContentsChapter 34. Bash, versions 2 and 3...............................................................................................................49034.1. Bash, version 2............................................................................................................................49034.2. Bash, version 3............................................................................................................................49434.2.1. Bash, version 3.1...............................................................................................................49634.2.2. Bash, version 3.2...............................................................................................................497Chapter 35. Endnotes.....................................................................................................................................49835.1. Author's Note..............................................................................................................................49835.2. About the Author........................................................................................................................49835.3. Where to Go For Help.................................................................................................................49835.4. Tools Used to Produce This Book..............................................................................................49935.4.1. Hardware...........................................................................................................................49935.4.2. Software and Printware.....................................................................................................49935.5. Credits.........................................................................................................................................49935.6. Disclaimer...................................................................................................................................501Bibliography....................................................................................................................................................502Appendix A. Contributed Scripts..................................................................................................................509Appendix B. Reference Cards........................................................................................................................660Appendix C. A Sed and Awk Micro-Primer................................................................................................665C.1. Sed................................................................................................................................................665C.2. Awk..............................................................................................................................................668Appendix D. Exit Codes With Special Meanings.........................................................................................671Appendix E. A Detailed Introduction to I/O and I/O Redirection.............................................................672Appendix F. Command-Line Options...........................................................................................................674F.1. Standard Command-Line Options................................................................................................674F.2. Bash Command-Line Options......................................................................................................675Appendix G. Important Files.........................................................................................................................677Appendix H. Important System Directories.................................................................................................678Appendix I. Localization................................................................................................................................680Appendix J. History Commands...................................................................................................................684Appendix K. A Sample .bashrc File..............................................................................................................685Appendix L. Converting DOS Batch Files to Shell Scripts.........................................................................697iv
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Chapter 9. Variables RevisitedUsed
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#!/bin/bash# arglist.sh# Invoke thi
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MINLEN=45 # May need to change this
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$OPERATION $file > "$filename.$SUFF
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide${stri
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strip_leading_zero2 () # Strip poss
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide{FOO="
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chkMirrorArchs () {arch="$1";if [ "
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidenumber
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# $boz
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# 1) S
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#+ that the number of times the end
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideExampl
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Chapter 10. Loops and BranchesWhat
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide/sbin/
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thenecho "Usage: `basename $0` sear
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done | sort# Otherwise file list is
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide#!/bin
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidevar1=u
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuidedoneNo
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# Why does loop print up to 20?echo
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidelockfi
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echo " ------- ----"echo "Choose on
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideA case
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Chapter 11. Command SubstitutionCom
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#+ or even (horrors), control chara
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideThe $(
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Chapter 12. Arithmetic ExpansionAri
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Part 4. CommandsMastering the comma
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide• fl
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• nm• nmap• nohup• nslookup
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide• ti
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Chapter 14. Internal Commands and B
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# Let'
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guideread#
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guideechoex
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# ====
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{do}{echo "{$line}"}{last=$line}{do
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidelet "a
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# ====
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidefirst_
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidebash$
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#+ since the script effectively "ex
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuidetrueA
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideYou ma
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Chapter 15. External Filters, Progr
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chattrAdvanced Bash-Scripting Guide
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home/bozo/test-scripts/1.txtAdvance
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;;*) echo "Deleting file \"$1\".";;
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guideif [ !
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# Stri
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideUtilit
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This line occurs only once.This lin
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cut -d ' ' -f1,2 /etc/mtabUsing cut
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuidegrepA
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# Note
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do if look "$word" > /dev/nullthen
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# Chan
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# 'cat -n' sees the above line as n
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# Speed of copying. It's faster tha
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidedistri
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For an interesting use of this comm
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csplit "$0" "$CHUNKSIZE"# Some comm
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide--- lo
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideE_NOPA
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"/4/i386/gnbd-*""/4/i386/kernel-smp
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RET=$?--exclude '*' \$URL $DEST \|
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuidescpTha
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15.8. Math Commands"Doing the numbe
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A load average of 1 or less indicat
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Job ControlAdvanced Bash-Scripting
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guideapplic
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See also Example 16-8 and Example 2
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideIt mig
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide#+ whi
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide16.1.
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Part 5. Advanced TopicsAt this poin
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Chapter 17. Regular Expressions. .
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideThis l
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# Leading tab in each line will not
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# cat
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ead -p "Title: " titlecat - $file
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Chapter 19. I/O RedirectionThere ar
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidecat Fi
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Example 19-2. Redirecting stdout us
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide}donee
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# Why
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# Read
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then# exec 7 >(exec gawk '{print st
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide( comm
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# When
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Chapter 21. Restricted ShellsDisabl
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Chapter 22. Process SubstitutionPip
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echo $des $what $mask $ifacedone #
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideREPEAT
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Example 23-7. Maximum of two number
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guideretval
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do # Calculate $MAXTERM+1 terms.FIB
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Chapter 24. AliasesA Bash alias is
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drwxr-xr-x 40 bozo bozo 2048 Feb 6
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide#!/bin
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Chapter 26. ArraysNewer versions of
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Line[2]="The beauty of inflections"
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# Longest match from front of strin
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echoecho "Stack height for array2 =
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# array1=( `cat "$filename" | tr '\
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initializesiftprint_primes# This is
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Chapter 27. /dev and /procA Linux o
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide## /pr
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Chapter 28. Of Zeros and Nulls/dev/
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Chapter 29. DebuggingDebugging is t
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# The
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideINDICE
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Chapter 30. OptionsOptions are sett
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Chapter 31. GotchasTurandot: Gli en
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guideechonu
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• A script may not export variabl
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidefoundo
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Chapter 32. Scripting With StyleGet
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideEnder
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# interactive...fiAlternatively, th
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# --co
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide#+ occ
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# }' "$filename"# -----------------
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#+ a generated $i equals $MAXVAL.#
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideToo ma
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# This is the 5th argument and is o
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`cat horse_${MOVE_HORSE}_position |
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide33.11.
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideSuits[
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidelet a+
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time. You will get neither help nor
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Very special thanks to the hard-wor
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Still considered a standard referen
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This well-written book contains som
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideThe GN
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Appendix A. Contributed ScriptsThes
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide#! /bi
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide;;*) e
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidemonth=
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# NOTE
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide--full
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# ${LIST[$inode]} Name: ${LIST[$nam
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[13] Time of last changectime refle
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# And then there was some test code
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide}eval
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Example A-24. More on hash function
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# ----
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prodid=`$DEVLABEL printid -d $part`
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if [ ! "$line" ] # Blank line?then#
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidefor lo
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# Element 3: \'Pass: \' is: 10 long
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# Initialize 'Me' to something for
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1) A Blacklist server name;2) A fil
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# Addresses which we have checked (
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guideif [ $
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide}# Som
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dig +noall +nofail +answer +authori
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# Move name to chk_name.# Add addre
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local -a _den_ns # Name-Serviceloca
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# Upda
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# There are a few exceptions, where
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# If we got this far without making
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# Set a flag since stuff is done in
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ead inFilefidonefilePath="${savePat
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# ==>
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echo "" >>$savefilefill_in Author_F
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide## Edi
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# With
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echo '- - Output of function _simpl
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide#### P
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# Note also that the output does NO
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# Call this script with multiple ar
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideAppend
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide-z Str
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expr match "$string" '$substring'ex
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Appendix C. A Sed and Awk Micro-Pri
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The most important parts of any app
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# Used
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Appendix D. Exit Codes With Special
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lsof 426 root 1w FIFO 0,0 7520 pipe
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideHoweve
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Appendix G. Important Filesstartup
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidedevice
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# Esca
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide---Thi
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Appendix K. A Sample .bashrc FileTh
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide#-----
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# tail
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide}mv "$
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guidecomple
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guideawk '{
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Appendix L. Converting DOS Batch Fi
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MKDIR mkdir make directoryMORE more
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Appendix M. ExercisesM.1. Analyzing
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Perform a recursive directory listi
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide# = 1/
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideThe "f
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideThe sc
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide0.1 14
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Appendix P. To Do List• A compreh
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Appendix Q. CopyrightThe Advanced B
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Appendix R. ASCII TableIn a book of
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&j Redirect stdout to file descript
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide${para
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$# Number of arguments passed to a
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide.bashr
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideCompre
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuideEnviro
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• shift arguments passed to a fun
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jot, Emit a sequence of integers. E
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Advanced Bash-Scripting GuidePerl,
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Pseudo-code, as problem-solving met
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• $ (dollar sign) Anchor• . (do
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• -f File is a regular file• -g
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Advanced Bash-Scripting Guideunset,
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Zombie, a process that has terminat
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This is only true of the GNU versio
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[83] An external command invoked wi
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