Introduction to the Logical Framework Approach - Stockholm ...

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Introduction to the LFAReader4.3. GlossaryActivitiesActivity scheduleAnalysis of ObjectivesAnalysis PhaseAssumptionsWhat needs to be done to achieve the outputsof a project, making use of human, technicaland financial inputs.In an activity schedule a project’s activities arebroken down into operational detail. Anactivity schedule lays open dependenciesbetween activities; clarifies the sequence,duration and precedence of activities;identifies key milestones to be achieved;serves as a basis for project monitoring;assigns management responsibility andimplementing responsibilities.Analysis of Objectives describes a futuresituation that will be achieved by solving theproblems identified during problem analysis.During analysis of objectives potentialsolutions for a given situation are identified.This involves the reformulation of the negativeaspects (“problems”) identified during problemanalysis into positive ones (envisioned for thefuture, i.e. desired but realistically achievable).The rationale of the reformulation is to derivethe objectives directly from the actual existingproblems identified and not from elsewhere.During the analysis phase a profound analysisof an existing, undesired situation is carriedout (Situation/ Problem analysis andStakeholder analysis), from which the analysisof objectives is deducted (identifying means toend relationships) and the different potentialstrategies to be pursued within the frameworkof a project or programme are identified.Assumptions are external factors that lieoutside the control of a project but have to beattained in order to reach the project’sobjectives. They influence or even determinethe success of the project. The aim ofspecifying assumptions (and pre-conditions) isto identify and assess potential risks to anddependencies of the project right from theinitial stages of project design, to support themonitoring of risks during the implementation54
Introduction to the LFACostDevelopmentObjectiveHorizontal logicImmediate ObjectiveLogical FrameworkApproach (LFA)Logical frameworkmatrix (logframematrix)Meansof the project and to provide a basis fornecessary adjustments.Cost are the financial resources needed tocarry out the activities identified to pursue aproject’s objectives.The long-term global environmental benefits inthe areas: Biodiversity, International Waters,Climate Change and Ozone Layer, to which theproject contributes.Within the horizontal logic of the logframematrix indicators to measure progress andimpact are specified and the sources or meansby which the indicators will be verified.Short term and clearly achievable purpose ofthe GEF intervention, i.e. conservation andsustainable use of BD, removal of barriers toenergy efficiency and conservation, promotionof renewable energy and the reduction ofdegradation to the international waters.The LFA is an open set of tools for projectdesign and management. It entails anevolutionary, iterative analytical process and aformat for presenting the results of thisprocess, which sets out systematically andlogically the project or programme’s objectivesand the causal relationships between them, toindicate how to check whether theseobjectives have been achieved and to establishwhat external factors outside the scope of theproject or programme may influence itssuccess.The main output of the LFA is the logframematrix. It is a format for presenting the resultsof the LFA as a process, and is developed onthe basis of the LFA tools applied during theanalysis phase. The logframe matrix serves asa summary of the key information on theproject - it provides an easy overview thatallows a quick assessment of the consistencyand coherence of the project logic.Means are the human, material and serviceresources (inputs) needed to carry out plannedactivities and management support activities.Reader55
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