Introduction to the Logical Framework Approach - Stockholm ...

Introduction to the LFAplanning steps of the LFA has to be revised the stakeholder analysis shouldbe re-considered.This leads to the statement made initially, that stakeholder analysis is not anisolated analysis step, but a process. The landscape of stakeholders involvedin a project evolves with the early analysis stages of an LFA process. To startwith careful and elaborate research (empirical analysis) on the differentstakeholders might be necessary to be complemented by different forms ofdirect consultation.Reader2.2.2. Problem AnalysisWithin the LFA it is assumed that for starting to think about a project therehas to be a perceivable need for an intervention. Before going further, in theGEF context, in order to be eligible for GEF funding the intervention needs tobe "of global interest". GEF project work concentrates on four main focalareas: biodiversity, international waters, climate change and ozone depletion.The term "global significance" means in this respect that the project eitheraims at reducing or eliminating a threat to a biodiversity or internationalwaters resource or in the case of climate change, tries to remove a barrier tothe establishment of a renewable or energy saving technology. If the generalproject idea does not meet these criteria, the project is not eligible for GEFfunding and support needs to be sought from other donors.It is assumed that a need for an intervention exists if there is an undesiredsituation. The intervention (project) is meant to help solving the undesiredsituation. Within the LFA “undesired situation” is translated and crystallisedinto “problems”. Analysing problems therefore means to analyse an existingsituation.During problem analysis the negative aspects of an existing situation areanalysed. Key problems are identified and the causal relationship betweenthem.Initially information on the existing situation has to be collected and analysedwhich, depending on the complexity of the circumstances, might take a longtime. On this basis the stakeholders identified are consulted for their viewsand perceptions. The consultations can take place through various forms 21that have to be chosen depending on the stakeholders. Often theconsultations are organised as participatory workshops. “Brainstorming” canbe used as a technique at the beginning of a workshop to identify keyproblems with the stakeholders. Having collected a number of key problems aso-called starter problem is selected to begin with clustering the problems: awhichproblems?identification ofcauses and effectsbetweenkey problems21 e.g. round tables, informal meetings, semi-structured interviews or other rapid appraisaltechniques (e.g. Rapid Rural Appraisal/ RRA or Participatory Rural Appraisal/ PRA).14