Introduction to the Logical Framework Approach - Stockholm ...

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Introduction to the LFAand projects affect each other – in positive or negative ways. A projectthat does not take into account the views and needs of the various relevantstakeholders will hardly be able to achieve any objectives in a sustainableway. It is therefore crucial to start identifying and analysing the relevantstakeholders, their interests, problems, potentials, etc. at an early stage tothen integrate the stakeholders accordingly into the project design andmanagement.The procedure for stakeholder analysis is quite undetermined and open.Stakeholder analysis is methodologically not integrated into the LFA sequenceas will become evident later. The findings of the stakeholder analysisrather accompany the LFA process and can be pictured as a“transparency” that evolves throughout the early stages of the LFA projectdesign process and should be used as an overlay be it for further elaborationor crosschecking during other LFA stages.Stakeholder analysis shouldn’t be carried out using models – the tools chosenshould reflect specific requirements. What might be useful though to presentin this reader are the stages to follow during stakeholder analysis. For eachstage the adequate tools have to be identified: 18• Stage 1: Identification of all stakeholders involvedIn this first stage, all stakeholders (e.g. individuals, formal/ informalinterest groups, e.g. professional groups, family units, migrants,institutions, service or implementing agencies, other projects, etc.)which may be affected by the environmental problem or which mayaffect the project are identified.The groups listed are then reviewed to see, whether they arehomogenous units or whether they consist of sub-groups or sectionswith specific interests or problems that have to be listed separately.It is important to list all stakeholders whose views have to be known inorder to fully understand the problem, as well as all stakeholders thatare likely to be affected by the project, positively or negatively, in adirect or indirect way. It is equally important to pay attention togender, as the views and interests of men and women may differ to aconsiderable extent.ReaderThe Logical Framework Approach (LFA): A Structured Approach to Project Planning. At:http://www.iadb.org/exr/english/POLICIES/participate/sec7.htm18 Adapted from FINNIDA, p. 109ff.10
Introduction to the LFAReader• Stage 2: Categorization of the stakeholdersStakeholders involvedactive beneficiaries affectedpotential supporterspotential opponentsAfter having listed all relevant stakeholders they are categorizedaccording to the specific relevant criteria, which may differ greatlyfrom project to project. To give an example the graph presentedabove could be a way of categorizing stakeholders.After having categorized the stakeholders the most relevantstakeholders for the specific project context are selected for detailedanalysis.• Stage 3: Detailed analysis of selected stakeholdersQuite a number of tools are available for a more detailed analysis ofselected stakeholders. Once again: the choice, which tool or tools touse always depends on which information is of interest in a specificsituation. The two tools presented below should offer some ideas foraspects that might be of interest for stakeholder analysis and how tovisualise them. 19One way to analyse stakeholders is to identify their individualcharacteristics (below) and subsequently the expected implicationsfor a project (such as resistance or support). The findings can bedisplayed in a matrix as can be seen above. At this point it alreadybecomes obvious that stakeholder analysis is done within a specificsetting, or a specific situation. In our illustration case the scenario(initial situation) should become clearer when turning to problemanalysis.19 The World Bank presents in its “Participation Sourcebook” “Beneficiary Assessment” as amethod for stakeholder consultation as a qualitative method that relies primarily on threedata collection techniques: a) in-depth conversational interviewing around key themes ortopics b) focus group discussions c) direct observation and participant observation. For thefull document see:http://www.worldbank.org/html/edi/sourcebook/sba106.htm11
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