- Page 2: ENCYCLOPEDIA OFHEARTDISEASES
- Page 5 and 6: Elsevier Academic Press30 Corporate
- Page 8 and 9: CONTENTSAbout the AuthorPrefaceAckn
- Page 10: CONTENTSixBeriberi Heart Disease 15
- Page 16: ABOUT THE AUTHORDoctor M. Gabriel K
- Page 20: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI am indebted to res
- Page 23 and 24: 2AGING AND THE HEARTC. Biochemical
- Page 26 and 27: Alcohol and the HeartI. Alcohol and
- Page 30 and 31: Altitude and Pulmonary EdemaI. Sign
- Page 34 and 35: Anatomy of the Heart and Circulatio
- Page 37 and 38: 16ANATOMY OF THE HEART AND CIRCULAT
- Page 39 and 40: 18ANATOMY OF THE HEART AND CIRCULAT
- Page 41 and 42: 20ANATOMY OF THE HEART AND CIRCULAT
- Page 44: Anderson-Fabry DiseaseGLOSSARYhyper
- Page 47 and 48: 26ANEMIA AND THE HEARTThe serum cre
- Page 49 and 50: 28ANEURYSMCarotidArteryCoronaryArte
- Page 51 and 52: 30ANEURYSMendoleaks. Also biomateri
- Page 53 and 54: 32ANEURYSM2. MRIMRI proved remarkab
- Page 56 and 57: AnginaI. Size of the ProblemII. Pat
- Page 58 and 59: II. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY37TABLE 2Cardiov
- Page 60 and 61: III. DIAGNOSIS39Exertional or emoti
- Page 62 and 63: V. STABLE AND UNSTABLE ANGINA41Anom
- Page 64 and 65: VI. NONDRUG TREATMENT43FIGURE 4A. A
- Page 66 and 67: VII. DRUG TREATMENT45VII. DRUG TREA
- Page 68 and 69: VII. DRUG TREATMENT47Dosage: A subl
- Page 70 and 71: VII. DRUG TREATMENT49patients with
- Page 72 and 73: VII. DRUG TREATMENT51coronary arter
- Page 74 and 75: XI. VARIANT ANGINA (PRINZMETAL’S
- Page 76 and 77: XII. UNSTABLE ANGINA/ACUTE CORONARY
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Angioplasty/Coronary BalloonI. Proc
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IV. OUTCOME OF ANGIOPLASTY59occlusi
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhib
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I. ACE INHIBITORS63patients of Asia
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II. ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER
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II. ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER
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AntioxidantsI. StatinsII. Vitamin E
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IV. BETA-CAROTENE73low doses of dif
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VIII. PROBUCOL75high-fat meal, a fi
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Antiplatelet AgentsI. Mechanism of
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III. AVAILABLE ANTIPLATELET AGENTS8
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III. AVAILABLE ANTIPLATELET AGENTS8
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Arrhythmias/PalpitationsI. Origin o
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III. TACHYCARDIA89attacks, sudden c
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III. TACHYCARDIA91V1V4V2V5V3V6FIGUR
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III. TACHYCARDIA93individuals who h
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IV. ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS95FIGURE 7
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IV. ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS97V 1V 2V
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IV. ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS99FIGURE 1
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ArteriosclerosisI. Diseases Causing
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II. ATHEROSCLEROSIS103The intima of
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106ARTIFICIAL HEARTa contract progr
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108ARTIFICIAL HEARTbridged to trans
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110ARTIFICIAL HEARTJessup, M. Mecha
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112ASPIRIN FOR HEART DISEASED. John
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114ASPIRIN FOR HEART DISEASEFIGURE
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Atherosclerosis/AtheromaI. Introduc
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II. PATHOLOGY119Outerwall= ADVENTIT
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III. PATHOGENESIS121status in women
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III. PATHOGENESIS123LDLturbulence o
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III. PATHOGENESIS125upregulation of
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V. CLINICAL STUDIES127IV. VULNERABL
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VI. PERSPECTIVE AND RESEARCH IMPLIC
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Athletes and Sudden Cardiac DeathI.
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I. CARDIAC CAUSES OF SUDDEN DEATH I
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II. SUDDEN DEATH NOT ASSOCIATED WIT
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III. ATHLETE’S HEART VERSUS HYPER
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140ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONSinus nodepac
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142ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONThe preventio
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144ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONFIGURE 3AAtri
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146ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONximelagatran
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148ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONsick sinus sy
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150ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONOzcan, C., Ja
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152ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTFIGURE 1 Tra
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154B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDEAorta*
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Beriberi Heart DiseaseI. Clinical M
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160BETA-BLOCKERSheart muscle and in
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162BETA-BLOCKERSTotal patientpopula
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164BETA-BLOCKERSgroups. The first g
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166BETA-BLOCKERSand in patients wit
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Blood ClotsI. Causes of Blood Clots
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III. DRUG TREATMENT171The ASSENT-2
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III. DRUG TREATMENT1733. Interactio
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Blood PressureI. Historical ReviewI
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I. HISTORICAL REVIEW177FIGURE 3 A l
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IV. NORMAL FLUCTUATIONS IN BLOOD PR
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VII. EFFECTS OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
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184BRUGADA SYNDROMEsyndrome is a di
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186BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCKB. Causes of
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Caffeine and the HeartI. Biochemist
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II. EFFECTS1916. CholesterolChronic
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194CALCIUM ANTAGONISTSTABLE 1Hemody
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196CALCIUM ANTAGONISTSsinus and AV
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Carcinoid Heart DiseaseI. Heart Dam
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Cardiogenic ShockI. CausesII. Patho
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CardiomyopathyI. Hypertrophic Cardi
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I. HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY205To
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II. SUDDEN DEATH207D. Pathophysiolo
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III. DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY209patie
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V. SPECIFIC HEART MUSCLE DISEASE211
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V. SPECIFIC HEART MUSCLE DISEASE213
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216CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (C
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218CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (C
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220CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (C
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222CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (C
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224CHAGAS DISEASEFIGURE 1 Distribut
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Chelation and Heart DiseaseI. Clini
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Chemotherapy-Induced Heart DiseaseI
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IV. 5-FLUOROURACIL231Dexrazoxane is
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CholesterolI. The Magnitude of the
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III. CAUSES OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
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IV. TYPES OF CHOLESTEROL237such as
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IV. TYPES OF CHOLESTEROL239600 (305
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V1. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RISK241
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VII. DIETS AND CHOLESTEROL243TABLE
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VIII. CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING DRUGS245
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Coenzyme Q10I. ActionsII. Clinical
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III. PROSPECTIVE AND RESEARCH IMPLI
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252CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE3. Hypop
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254CONGENITAL HEART DISEASEabnormal
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256CONGENITAL HEART DISEASEThe orig
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258CONGENITAL HEART DISEASEFIGURE 4
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260CONGENITAL HEART DISEASEFIGURE 5
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Contraception and Cardiovascular Di
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I. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES265indicates
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268CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERYII
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270CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERYIV
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272CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERYar
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274CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERYsh
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C-Reactive Protein and the HeartI.
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III. PERSPECTIVE AND RESEARCH IMPLI
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Cytochrome P-450I. Definition and N
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IV. P- 450s AND CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG
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IV. P- 450s AND CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG
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288DEEP VEIN THROMBOSISsimilar to v
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290DEEP VEIN THROMBOSISapproximatel
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292DEPRESSION AND THE HEARTand majo
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294DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISE
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296DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISE
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298DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISE
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300DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISE
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302DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISE
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304DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISE
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306DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISE
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308DIETS AND HEART DISEASEwas assoc
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310DIETS AND HEART DISEASEabsolute
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312DIETS AND HEART DISEASEnutrition
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314DIURETICSII. RENAL PHYSIOLOGYFig
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316DIURETICSare more closely aggreg
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318DIURETICSwith a mild decrease in
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DyslipidemiaI. LipoproteinsGLOSSARY
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I. LIPOPROTEINS323LDL cholesterol i
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I. LIPOPROTEINS325randomized to a d
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EchocardiographyI. HistoricalII. In
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IV. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS329with th
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IV. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS331FIGURE
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VI. NEW FRONTIERS333VI. NEW FRONTIE
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336EFFECTS OF SMOKING AND HEART DIS
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338EFFECTS OF SMOKING AND HEART DIS
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ElectrocardiographyI. HistoricalII.
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IV. DIAGNOSIS OF SPECIFIC CONDITION
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IV. DIAGNOSIS OF SPECIFIC CONDITION
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IV. DIAGNOSIS OF SPECIFIC CONDITION
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V. RECENT DISCOVERIES349FIGURE 12EC
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V. RECENT DISCOVERIES351FIGURE 14 H
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354EMBRYOLOGYmesoderm of the perica
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356EMBRYOLOGYTABLE 2ContinuedAndrog
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EndocarditisI. Definition and Sites
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IV. PREVENTION3612 g one hour prior
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364ENDOCRINE DISORDERS AND THE HEAR
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Erectile Dysfunction and the HeartI
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III. MANAGEMENT369the penis. The si
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III. MANAGEMENT371TABLE 1ContinuedI
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III. MANAGEMENT373significantly pro
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376EXERCISE AND THE HEARTand euphor
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378EXERCISE AND THE HEARTuses only
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380EXERCISE AND THE HEARTin the liv
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382EXERCISE AND THE HEARTThere is u
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384EXERCISE AND THE HEARTrate of fo
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386EXERCISE AND THE HEARTthree or f
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388EXERCISE AND THE HEARTFIGURE 4 S
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Gene TherapyI. StrategiesII. Clinic
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II. CLINICAL APPLICATION393TABLE 1G
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IV. ADVERSE OUTCOMES395take origin
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398HEART ATTACKSunits in the early
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400HEART ATTACKSoccasionally is the
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402HEART ATTACKSFIGURE 3Common loca
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404HEART ATTACKSpain of a heart att
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406HEART ATTACKSA. Indigestion and
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408HEART ATTACKSyou immediately to
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410HEART ATTACKS(ventricular fibril
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412HEART ATTACKSV1V4V2V5V3V6FIGURE
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414HEART ATTACKSV1V4V1V4V2V5V2V5V3V
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416HEART ATTACKSimproved when an as
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418HEART ATTACKSpresence of elevate
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420HEART ATTACKSis strongly indicat
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422HEART ATTACKSdiseases, and type
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424HEART ATTACKStraction; therefore
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426HEART ATTACKSdiscontinued and th
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428HEART ATTACKSage 25. The advice
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430HEART ATTACKSreactivity of plate
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Heart FailureI. Incidence and Patho
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III. PRECIPITATING FACTORS435infarc
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V. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS437FIGURE 2Pat
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VII. DRUG TREATMENT439TABLE 1Echoca
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VII. DRUG TREATMENT4411. Actions of
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VII. DRUG TREATMENT44332% ( p ¼ 0.
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IX. WHAT TO EXPECT IN THE HOSPITAL
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IX. WHAT TO EXPECT IN THE HOSPITAL
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450HEMOCHROMATOSISIII. CLINICAL COM
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Herbal, Dietary Supplements, andCar
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III. BENEFITS, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AND
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III. BENEFITS, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AND
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III. BENEFITS, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AND
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IV. SUBSTANCES USED BY ATHLETES461g
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464HIV AND THE HEARTPericardial eff
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466HOMOCYSTEINE AND CARDIOVASCULAR
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468HOMOCYSTEINE AND CARDIOVASCULAR
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470HYPERTENSIONwithin the cuff is b
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472HYPERTENSIONTABLE 1Classificatio
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474HYPERTENSIONhemorrhage), spinal
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476HYPERTENSIONFIGURE 3 Other hypot
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478HYPERTENSION Either the blood ur
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480HYPERTENSIONE. AlcoholThere is c
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482HYPERTENSIONthan others (see the
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484HYPERTENSIONTABLE 6Generic and T
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486HYPERTENSIONThe patient’s past
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488HYPERTENSION4. Calcium Antagonis
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490HYPERTENSIONis now reserved for
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Hypertrophy of the HeartI. Pathophy
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III. DIAGNOSIS495It is unclear whet
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IV. PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT497V1V
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IV. PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT499b.
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502KAWASAKI HEART DISEASEartery ane
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Miscellaneous DisordersI. Marfan Sy
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XII. PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM507of
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XVIII. ATRIAL MYXOMA509XVI. SARCOID
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512MURMURS AND HEART DISEASEwill do
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514MURMURS AND HEART DISEASEthan th
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516NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY D
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Obesity and Heart DiseaseI. Inciden
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III. MANAGEMENT521II. EFFECTS ON TH
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IV. CLINICAL STUDIES OF DIETS523pro
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PacemakersI. HistoricalII. Complete
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II. COMPLETE HEART BLOCK527per minu
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V. PERMANENT PACEMAKERS529pacemaker
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V. PERMANENT PACEMAKERS531or thromb
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Patent Foramen OvaleI. Developmenta
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III. PROOF OF PFO INVOLVEMENT IN ST
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IV. PERSPECTIVE AND RESEARCH IMPLIC
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540PERICARDITIS AND MYOCARDITISbeat
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Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionI. P
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II. PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION5
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II. PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION5
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Pulmonary EmbolismI. IncidenceII. P
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VI. MANAGEMENT551the diagnosis. Oth
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554RACE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASEc
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556RACE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASEO
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Sleep and the HeartI. Effects of No
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III. SLEEP APNEA AND HEART FAILURE5
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V. SLEEP APNEA AND ARRHYTHMIAS563IV
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566STENTSarteries is 20-30% in shor
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568STENTSLong-term drug toxicity mu
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570STRESS AND HEART DISEASEFIGURE 1
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572STRESS AND HEART DISEASE Achines
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Stroke/Cerebrovascular AccidentI. I
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IV. TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK577IV.
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VI. SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE579Johns
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582SYNCOPETachyarrhythmiasBradyarrh
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584SYNCOPEdisease where there is fa
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586SYNCOPEE. Electrophysiologic Tes
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588SYNCOPEBIBLIOGRAPHYCalkins, H.,
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590TESTS FOR HEART DISEASESvery hel
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592TESTS FOR HEART DISEASESThe puls
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594TESTS FOR HEART DISEASESplaque i
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Thyroid Heart DiseaseI. High Thyroi
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Valve DiseasesI. MurmursII. Causes
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IV. SPECIFIC VALVE LESIONS601Not al
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IV. SPECIFIC VALVE LESIONS603common
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V. PROSTHETIC VALVE CHOICE605FIGURE
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Ventricular FibrillationI. Clinical
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Women and Heart DiseaseI. Relevant
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III. HORMONE THERAPY611maximal hear
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IV. PREGNANCY AND HEART DISEASE613a
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IV. PREGNANCY AND HEART DISEASE615H
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618APPENDIX AGenericBeta-Blockers.
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GLOSSARYAACE angiotensin-converting
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GLOSSARY623embryo developing human
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GLOSSARY625preload the degree of ve
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INDEXAbciximab, as antiplatelet age
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INDEX629mechanism of action, 65Anky
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INDEX631Atrial premature beats, dia
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INDEX633in loss of consciousness, 2
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INDEX635aortic stenosis, 254bicuspi
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INDEX637Dissecting aneurysm, beta-b
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INDEX639blood effects, 382-383blood
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INDEX641transplantation, 444vitamin
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INDEX643Hypertriglyceridemiacharact
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INDEX645MMacrophage-colony stimulat
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INDEX647Oxidation, LDL, 337Oxygenin
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INDEX649Regional angiogenesis with
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INDEX651management, 586-587from ort
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INDEX653WWall tension, 27Warfarinfo