Quantum Physics

I.2 IndexBohr theory, of hydrogen, 908–912modification of, 910–912, 912f,931Bohr’s correspondence principle,910, 931Bosons, W and Z, 985, 985tBradycardia, definition of, 585–586Bragg, W. H., 884Bragg, W. L., 884Bragg’s law, 884, 896Brattain, Walter, 929Bremsstrahlung, 881Brewster, Sir David, 808Brewster’s angle, 808Brewster’s law, 808, 812Bright fringes, 788–789, 788f, 811in single-slit diffraction, 799, 799fBrushes, in electric motors, 636f,637Bubble chamber, as track detector,965, 965fCCamera, 819–820, 820fCamera flash attachments, capacitorin, 546Capacitance, 545–548of circuit in resonance, 705equivalent, 553–554of parallel-plate capacitor, 545Capacitive reactance, 696–697, 719Capacitor(s), 545–560, 561in AC circuits, 696–697, 696f, 719applications of, 555, 558–559charged, energy stored in,554–556, 554f, 561charging/discharging of, in RCcircuit, 607–609combinations of, 548–554parallel, 548–550, 549f, 561series, 550–554, 551f, 561commercial designs for, 558, 558fdefinition of, 545with dielectrics, 556–560, 557f,558f, 560f, 561paper-filled, 559parallel-plate, 546–548problem-solving strategy for, 552Carbon dating, 948–951Cardiac pacemaker, 584–585Cardioverter defibrillators,implanted, 585–586, 585f,586tCarlson, Chester, 544Case ground, 611CAT scans, 960–962, 961f, 962fCatapult, space, motional emf and,668, 668fCharacteristic x-rays, 920–921, 920f,932Charge, conservation of, junctionrule and, 601, 615Charge carriers, 569in conductor, 570, 570fin current, 570–571, 570f, 586Chargingby conduction, 499, 499fby induction, 500, 500fCharm, 994–995, 1002Chromatic aberration, 778–779, 778fChromodynamics, quantum, 9996,1002Ciliary muscle, in accommodation,821Circuit(s)alternating current, 693–707 (Seealso Alternating current(AC) circuits)current measurements in, 572–573direct current, 592–623complex, Kirchhoff’s rules and,601–605, 601f, 603f, 604fhousehold, 609–610, 610fintegrated, in semiconductordevices, 930–931, 931fRC, 605–609, 606f, 607f, 615in resonance, capacitance of, 705resonance frequency of, 709RL, 680–682, 683–684RLC series, 699–702, 719resonance in, 704–705, 704fsymbols for, 548, 548fvoltage measurements in, 572–573Circuit breakers, 598in household circuits, 610, 610fCircuit diagram, 572–573, 572fCircuit elements, symbols for, 548,548fCircular aperture, limiting angle for,833, 838Cloud charger, as track detector, 965Coherent light sources, interferenceand, 786–787Collector of pnp transistor, 929, 930fColliders, 998Color charge, 9996Color force, 996, 1002between quarks, 996–997, 1002Compact disks (CDs)tracking information on,diffraction grating in, 803,803fusing interference to read, 796–797,796fCompound microscope, 827–829,827f, 837–838Compton, Arthur Holly, 885fCompton effect, 885–887, 885f, 896Compton shift, 885, 896Compton wavelength, 885, 886Computed axial tomography (CATscans), 960–962, 961f,962fComputer keyboard, capacitor in,546, 547fConcave mirrors, 757–759, 757f,758f, 759f, 761fimages formed by, 762–763Conductioncharging by, 499, 499fof electrical signals by neurons,612–614Conduction band, 925, 926fConductor(s), 499–500, 523charge carriers in, 570, 570fcharged, potentials and,541–542definition of, 499in electrostatic equilibrium,512–515, 523energy bands of, 925, 926ffield lines and, 514isolated, properties of, 512–513parallel, magnetic force between,643–644, 643fsuper, 579–580, 580fcritical temperatures for, 579tCones, 820–821Conservationof charge, junction rule and, 601,615of energyLenz’s law and, 671loop rule and, 602, 615Conservation laws, 989–991Constructive interference, 788–789,788f, 811in thin films, 792Converging lenses, 769, 770images formed by, 773–774,774fConvex mirrors, 759–765, 759f, 760f,761f, 762fimages formed by, 764Cornea, 820, 821fCosmic connection, 999–1001Coulomb, 499, 501definition of, 643Coulomb, Charles, 500–505, 501fCoulomb constant, 501, 523Coulomb’s law, 500–505, 523Critical angle, 742, 746Critical temperature, 579for superconductors, 579tCrystalline lens, 820, 821, 821fCrystalsdiffraction of x-rays by, 883–885,883f, 884f, 895–896liquid, 810–811, 810fCurie, 946Curie, Marie, 945, 945fCurie, Pierre, 945