Quantum Physics

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A.5 Trigonometry A.7When natural logarithms are used,y ln e x (or x e y )[A.15]For example, log 10 52 1.716, so that antilog 10 1.716 10 1.716 52. Likewise,ln e 52 3.951, so antiln e 3.951 e 3.951 52.In general, note that you can convert between base 10 and base e with theequalityln e x (2.302 585)log 10 x[A.16]Finally, some useful properties of logarithms arelog (ab) log a log blog (a/b) log a log blog (an ) n log aln e 1ln e a aln 1a ln aA.4 GEOMETRYTable A.2 gives the areas and volumes for several geometric shapes used throughoutthis text:TABLE A.2Useful Information for GeometrywArea = wrSurface area = 4pr 2Volume = 4 3 pr 3RectangleSphererArea = pr 2Circumference = 2prrSurface area = 2pr 2 + 2prVolume = pr 2 CircleCylinderbTriangleh1 Area = bh 2hRectangular boxwSurface area =2(h + w + hw)Volume = whA.5 TRIGONOMETRYSome of the most basic facts concerning trigonometry are presented in Chapter 1,and we encourage you to study the material presented there if you are having troublewith this branch of mathematics. In addition to the discussion of Chapter 1,certain useful trig identities that can be of value to you follow.sin 2 cos 2 1sin cos(90 )cos sin(90 )sin 2 2 sin cos cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 sin( ) sin cos cos sin cos( ) cos cos sin sin
A.8 Appendix A Mathematical ReviewThe following relationships apply to any triangle, as shown in Figure A.4:g 180°abLaw of cosinesa 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos b 2 a 2 c 2 2ac cos c 2 a 2 b 2 2ab cos bFigure A.4caLaw of sinesasin bsin csin
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Color-enhanced scanning electronmic
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876 Chapter 27 Quantum PhysicsSolve
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27.2 The Photoelectric Effect and t
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27.3 X-Rays 881even when black card
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27.4 Diffraction of X-Rays by Cryst
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27.5 The Compton Effect 885Exercise
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27.6 The Dual Nature of Light and M
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27.6 The Dual Nature of Light and M
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27.8 The Uncertainty Principle 891w
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27.8 The Uncertainty Principle 893E
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27.9 The Scanning Tunneling Microsc
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Problems 897The probability per uni
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Problems 89917. When light of wavel
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Problems 90151.time of 5.00 ms. Fin
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“Neon lights,” commonly used in
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28.2 Atomic Spectra 905l(nm) 400 50
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28.3 The Bohr Theory of Hydrogen 90
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28.3 Th Bohr Theory of Hydrogen 909
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28.4 Modification of the Bohr Theor
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28.6 Quantum Mechanics and the Hydr
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28.7 The Spin Magnetic Quantum Numb
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28.9 The Exclusion Principle and th
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28.9 The Exclusion Principle and th
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28.11 Atomic Transitions 921electro
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28.12 Lasers and Holography 923is u
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28.13 Energy Bands in Solids 925Ene
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28.13 Energy Bands in Solids 927Ene
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28.14 Semiconductor Devices 929I (m
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Summary 931(a)Figure 28.32 (a) Jack
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Problems 9335. Is it possible for a
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Problems 935tum number n. (e) Shoul
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Problems 93748. A dimensionless num
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Aerial view of a nuclear power plan
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29.1 Some Properties of Nuclei 941T
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29.2 Binding Energy 943130120110100
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29.3 Radioactivity 94529.3 RADIOACT
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29.3 Radioactivity 947INTERACTIVE E
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29.4 The Decay Processes 949Alpha D
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29.4 The Decay Processes 951Strateg
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29.4 The Decay Processes 953they we
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29.6 Nuclear Reactions 955wounds on
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29.6 Nuclear Reactions 957EXAMPLE 2
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29.7 Medical Applications of Radiat
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29.7 Medical Applications of Radiat
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29.8 Radiation Detectors 963Figure
Page 92 and 93: Summary 965Photo Researchers, Inc./
Page 94 and 95: Problems 967CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS1.
Page 96 and 97: Problems 96924. A building has beco
Page 98 and 99: Problems 97157. A by-product of som
Page 100 and 101: This photo shows scientist MelissaD
Page 102 and 103: 30.1 Nuclear Fission 975Applying Ph
Page 104 and 105: 30.2 Nuclear Reactors 977Courtesy o
Page 106 and 107: 30.2 Nuclear Reactors 979events in
Page 108 and 109: 30.3 Nuclear Fusion 981followed by
Page 110 and 111: 30.3 Nuclear Fusion 983VacuumCurren
Page 112 and 113: 30.6 Positrons and Other Antipartic
Page 114 and 115: 30.7 Mesons and the Beginning of Pa
Page 116 and 117: 30.9 Conservation Laws 989LeptonsLe
Page 118 and 119: 30.10 Strange Particles and Strange
Page 120 and 121: 30.12 Quarks 993n pΣ _ Σ 0 Σ + S
Page 122 and 123: 30.12 Quarks 995charm C 1, its anti
Page 124 and 125: 30.14 Electroweak Theory and the St
Page 126 and 127: 30.15 The Cosmic Connection 999prot
Page 128 and 129: 30.16 Problems and Perspectives 100
Page 130 and 131: Problems 100330.12 Quarks &30.13 Co
Page 132 and 133: Problems 1005particles fuse to prod
Page 134 and 135: Problems 100740. Assume binding ene
Page 136 and 137: A.1 MATHEMATICAL NOTATIONMany mathe
Page 138 and 139: A.3 Algebra A.3by 8, we have8x8 32
Page 140 and 141: A.3 Algebra A.5EXERCISESSolve the f
Page 144 and 145: APPENDIX BAn Abbreviated Table of I
Page 146 and 147: An Abbreviated Table of Isotopes A.
Page 148 and 149: An Abbreviated Table of Isotopes A.
Page 150 and 151: Some Useful Tables A.15TABLE C.3The
Page 152 and 153: Answers to Quick Quizzes,Odd-Number
Page 154 and 155: Answers to Quick Quizzes, Odd-Numbe
Page 168 and 169: IndexPage numbers followed by “f
Page 170 and 171: Current, 568-573, 586direction of,
Page 172 and 173: Index I.5Fissionnuclear, 973-976, 9
Page 174 and 175: Index I.7Magnetic field(s) (Continu
Page 176 and 177: Polarizer, 805-806, 805f, 806-807Po
Page 178 and 179: South poleEarth’s geographic, 626
Page 180 and 181: CreditsPhotographsThis page constit
Page 182 and 183: PEDAGOGICAL USE OF COLORDisplacemen
Page 184 and 185: PHYSICAL CONSTANTSQuantity Symbol V
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Quantum Physics

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