Guidelines for Specifications of Biochars for Use in Soils FINAL ...

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728germination. It is assumed that a negative effect indicates the presence of undesirablecompounds in the biochar material.ReferencesISO 17512 - 1:2008 (2008) Soil quality -- Avoidance test for determining the quality of soils andeffects of chemicals on behaviour -- Part 1: Test with earthworms (Eisenia fetida andEisenia andrei) http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=38402(Accessed January 2012)Li, D., Hockaday, W.C., Masiello, C.A., and Alvarez, P.J.J. (2011) Earthworm avoidance ofbiochar can be mitigated by wetting. Soil Biology and Biochemistry doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.019 in press.OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1984a) Earthworm acutetoxicity tests no. 207. In Guideline for Testing of Chemicals. ISBN 9789264070042http://browse.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/pdfs/free/9720701e.pdf. (Accessed January2012)OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1984b) Terrestrial Plants,Growth Test no. 208. In Guideline for Testing of Chemicals.http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/0/1948285.pdf. (Accessed January 2012)Rajkovich, S., Enders, A., Hanley, K., Hyland, C., Zimmerman, A.R., and Lehnann, J. (2011)Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties toa temperate soil. Biol Fertil Soils doi 10.1007/s00374-011-0624-7 in press.US Composting Council and US Department of Agriculture (2001) Test methods for theexamination of composting and compost. (TMECC) Thompson W.H. (ed.)http://compostingcouncil.org/tmecc/. (Accessed January 2012)Van Zwieten, L., Kimber, S., Morris, S., Chan, K.Y., Downie, A., Rust, J., Joseph, S., and Cowie,A. (2010) Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomicperformance and soil fertility. Plant Soil 327: 235-246 doi 10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x.29International Biochar Initiative – Guidelines for Specifications of Biochars for Use in Soils 26