Measles, Mumps, and Rubella - Centers for Disease Control and ...

38 MMWR May 22, 1998patient is receiving at least 100–400 mg/kg IGIV at regular intervals and exposure occurswithin 3 weeks after administration of the last dose of IGIV. Because the amountsof protein administered are similar, high-dose IGIV may be as effective as intramuscularIG. However, no data are available concerning the effectiveness of IGIV inpreventing measles.The effectiveness of IG or IGIV for preventing mumps or rubella is unknown. Theseproducts should not be used for prophylaxis among immunocompromised personsexposed to these diseases.SURVEILLANCE AND OUTBREAK CONTROLSurveillance for vaccine preventable diseases has four primary purposes: a) to provideimportant data on program progress and long term trends, b) to provide the basisfor changes in disease prevention strategies, c) to help define groups in greatest needof vaccination, and d) to evaluate vaccine safety and effectiveness (e.g., protectiveefficacy, duration of vaccine-induced immunity, and occurrence of adverse effects). Asthe incidence of measles, rubella, and mumps declines in the United States, enhancedsurveillance becomes increasingly important.Any person aware of a suspected or known cases of measles, rubella, congenitalrubella syndrome, or mumps should report the case to the local or state health department.The designated public health authorities should investigate the case immediately.The purpose of the investigation is to classify the case, identify the characteristicsof the case and the source of exposure, and prevent further spread.Cases of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome are reportable in allstates, and mumps is reportable in most states. Data from measles, rubella, congenitalrubella syndrome, and mumps cases are routinely reported by state and localhealth departments to CDC and published weekly in the Morbidity and MortalityWeekly Report.Measles Case Investigation and Outbreak ControlCase DefinitionA suspected measles case is defined as any febrile illness accompanied by rash.Suspected and known cases of measles should be reported immediately to the localor state health department. The designated public health authorities should quicklyinitiate an investigation of the reported case. Rapid case reporting and investigationcan help limit further transmission.A clinical case of measles is defined as an illness characterized by• a generalized rash lasting ≥3 days, and• a temperature of ≥38.3 C (≥101 F), and• cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis.A probable case of measles• meets the clinical case definition for measles, and