building - IFET College of Engineering

1IFET COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGADVANCED CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUESFOR ECO- BUILDINGPRESENTED BY:R.MANIMARAN&K. GUNASEKAR

ABSTRACTEco building is also sometimesknown as "sustainable building" or"Bioclimatic building ―or ―greenbuilding‖, although there are slightdifferences in the definitions. Thepractice of bioclimatic building can leadto benefits including reduced operatingcosts by increasing productivity andusing less energy and water, improvedpublic and occupant health due toimproved indoor air quality, and reducedenvironmental impacts. Bioclimaticbuilding is an essential component of therelated concepts of sustainable design,sustainable development. Low costhousing involves the construction usingspecial type of bond like rat trap bondfor brick masonary and filler slabtechniques for roof slabs. The methodsgive a difference of 20-30 % of costvariation between the low cost house andthe traditional building. Other than thesemethods many such new technologiesare adopted to make the building rich inall aspect and economical cost wise.This paper discusses some environmentfriendlyand low cost buildingtechniques. The concept of bioclimaticbuilding deals with the maximum usageof the naturally available resource in theibuilding which will make theconstruction of building economical.Introducing low cost constructiontechniques for bioclimatic building is toprovide the required durability which areavailable in traditional building in aneconomical way. The paper concludesby emphasizing the importance of lowcost construction methods andconsideration of the environmentalaspects which leads to an economicaland effective construction of a buildingwith full efficiency.

INTRODUCTIONBioclimatic Building is thepractice of increasing the efficiency withwhich buildings and their sites use andharvest energy, water, and materials, andreducing building impacts on humanhealth and the environment, throughbetter sitting, design, construction,operation, maintenance, and removal —the complete building life cycle. Greenbuilding is also sometimes known as"sustainable building" or "environmentalbuilding", although there are slightdifferences in the definitions. Thepractice of green building can lead tobenefits including reduced operatingcosts by increasing productivity andusing less energy and water, improvedpublic and occupant health due toimproved indoor air quality, and reducedenvironmental impacts by, for example,by lessening storm water runoff and theheat island effect. Low cost housinginvolves the construction using specialtype of bond like rat trap bond for brickmasonary and filler slab techniques forroof slabs. The methods give adifference of 20-30 % of cost variationbetween the low cost house and thetraditional building. Other than thesemethods many such new technologiesiiare adopted to make the building richin all aspect and economical cost wise.OBJECTIVEThe main points to be consideredwhile designing a bioclimatic buildingare• To minimize the operating costby increasing the productivityand using lessEnergy and water.• To reduce the environmentalimpact on the building.• To minimize heat gained in daytime and maximize the heat lossin night time inHot season and reverse in coldseason.• To minimize the internal heat• To select the site, according tothe climatic criteria.• To optimize the buildingstructure.• To control solar radiation.• To regulate air circulation.TECHNOLOGY FEATURESBrick wall with 'rat-trap bond' Strength is equal to standard 9"(229mm) brick wall, butconsumes 20% less bricks.

It completely cuts off the use oftimber for roofing, contributingto solve one of the majorenvironmental issues - cuttingtrees.Reduction on the use of concretetoo saves cement & metal about40%.The soffit of this slab givesan attractive look and therefore, aceiling is not needed. If it is 4"(100mm) thick, 100 square feet(9.3 sq m) of this slab will costOnly Rs.13003/- as against thetraditional slab that costsRs.16958/-.The saving on cost of this slabcompared to the traditional slabis about 23%.ivstandard for energy use in buildings. Itresults in ultra low energy building thatrequires little energy for space heating.A similar standard, MINERGIE-P®, isused in Switzerland. The first Passivehouse buildings were built in Darmstadt,Germany, in 1990, and occupied thefollowing year. In September 1996 thePassivhouse-Institut was founded inDarmstadt to promote and control thestandard. Since then more than 6,000Passive house buildings have beenconstructed in Europe, most of them inGermany and Austria, with others invarious countries world-wide. Despitethe name, the standard is not confinedonly to houses.THE PASSIVE STANDARDThe Passive house standard requires thatthe building is within the followinglimits:TILE SHOWING THE AIR GAPUSED FOR THERMALINSULATIONPASSIVE HOUSEThe term Passive house(Passivhaus in German) refers to therigorous, voluntary, passive houseThe building must not use morethan (≤) 15 kWh/m²a (4,755Btu/ft²/yr) in heatingEnergy.The specific heat load for the heatingsource at design temperature must beless than 10 W/m²

With the building pressurized to50Pa by a blower door, thebuilding must not Leak more airthan 0.6 times the house volumeper hour (n50 ≤ 0.6/h). Total primary energyconsumption (primary energy forheating, hot water andElectricity) must not be morethan 120 kWh/(m²a)DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONvThese standards are muchhigher than houses built to most normalbuilding codes. For comparisons, see theinternational comparisons section below.National partners within the 'consortiumfor the Promotion of European PassiveHouses’ (PEP) is thought to have someflexibility to adapt these limits locally.CONSTRUCTION COSTS:In Passive house buildings, thecost savings from dispensing with theconventional heating system can be usedto fund the upgrade of the buildingenvelope and the heat recoveryventilation system. Evaluations haveindicated that while it is technicallypossible, the costs of meeting thePassive house standard increasesignificantly when building in northernScandinavia above 60° latitude.The passivhaus uses a combination oflow-energy building techniques andtechnologies.Achieving the major decrease in heatingenergy consumption required by thestandard Involves a shift in approach tobuilding design and construction. Designis carried out with the aid of the'Passivhaus Planning Package', and usesspecifically designed computersimulations.PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGNPassive houses can be constructedfrom dense or lightweight materials, butsome internal thermal mass is normallyincorporated to reduce summer peaktemperatures, maintain stable wintertemperatures, and prevent possible over-

heating in spring or autumn beforenormal solar shading becomes effective.SUPERINSULATIONPassivhaus buildings employsuperinsulation to significantly reducethe heat leakage through the walls, roofand floor compared to conventionalbuildings. A wide range of thermalinsulation materials can be used toprovide the required high R-values(lowU-value, typically in the 0.10 to0.15 W/m2K range). Special attention isgiven to eliminating thermal bridges.viair quality. Since the building isessentially airtight, the rate of air changecan be optimized and carefullycontrolled at about 0.4 air-changes perhour. All ventilation ducts are insulatedand sealed for air tightness.A TYPICAL ECONOMICALBUILDING AND ITSMETHODOLOGY- A CASE STUDY.AIRTIGHTNESSThe standard requires the buildingto achieve very high levels of airtightness, much higher than are normallyachieved in conventional construction.Air barriers, careful sealing of everyconstruction joint in the buildingenvelope, and sealing of all servicepenetrations through it are all used toachieve this.VENTILATIONMechanical heat recoveryventilation systems, with a heat recoveryrate of over 80% and high efficiencyECM motors are employed to maintainAll tests conducted by the South AfricanBureau of Standards, have been executedon a 100 mm (4 inch) wall as this is anacceptable norm for in situ cast wallsand is also the standard applicable forlow cost housing units. Thermalconductivity of 100 mm moladi wall = 0,54 W/m.KMISSIONCombining shelter and economicdevelopment, moladi is set to change the

FOUNDATIONThe foundation is designed by aProfessional Engineer for local soilConditionsviitradition bound construction industry inorder to allow for the participation,empowerment and development ofcommunities on a Global basis.Bucket filled (2 Hours)MortarThe mix consist of River Sand,Cement and a specifically designedChemical additive – to aerate,Waterproof and produce wellThermal and sound insulatingPropertiesCASTING OF THE WALLSThe aerated, thermal, waterproofMortar, can either be pumped orDay 1Doors, windows, electrical andPlumbing fittings, reinforcing as perEngineer, roof ties are located priorTo the filling of the 100 or 150 mmThick walls(4 Hours)

Day 2Moladi is removed and canImmediately be re-erected on theNext foundation. The smooth surface of the walleliminates the need to plaster the completedbuilding is shown above. This method is adoptedin South Africa for cheap and fast construction.This can also adopted for low cost constructionand even green material can be used in thishousing for make in eco-friendly too.iiCONCLUSION:The building constructed using low costtechniques fulfills the maximum efficiencywhich traditional building gives.Not only the aspect of strength andefficiency is fulfilled both the aestheticappearance is also done economically.By the adoption of bio climatic buildingtechnique the healthy environment isprovided for human to live safely.A sustainable environment will be createdbecause of this bio climatic building.