Gaining ground across the globe - Kloben
Gaining ground across the globe - Kloben
Gaining ground across the globe - Kloben
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Solar <strong>the</strong>rmal large-Scale inStallationS<br />
<strong>Gaining</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>across</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Large-scale solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems require a high level of expertise. To help assist planners<br />
and installers in project implementation, solar <strong>the</strong>rmal providers around <strong>the</strong> world are<br />
running <strong>the</strong>ir own planning and service departments. And more than a few are installing<br />
systems on <strong>the</strong>ir own as well.<br />
Sunrain has already built a large number of large-scale solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems. The company even has its own team of installers for such<br />
projects. Photo: Sunrain<br />
66<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009
<strong>globe</strong><br />
District heating system for 54 individual<br />
homes: EnerWorks added collectors to <strong>the</strong><br />
solar powered subdivision in <strong>the</strong> town of<br />
Okotoks in <strong>the</strong> province of Alberta.<br />
Photo: EnerWorks<br />
The collectors of an entire solar<br />
powered subdivision shimmer in<br />
blue violet as <strong>the</strong> sun rises in <strong>the</strong><br />
small town of Okotoks, Canada. The<br />
Canadian company EnerWorks constructed<br />
a solar district heating system<br />
for 54 individual homes here towards <strong>the</strong><br />
end of 2007. The residents are provided<br />
with heat energy from <strong>the</strong> 2,300 m 2 of solar<br />
collectors installed in this system.<br />
Some homeowners have even installed<br />
small rooftop systems to meet <strong>the</strong>ir water<br />
heating needs.<br />
SUN & WIND ENERGY surveyed solar<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmal companies around <strong>the</strong> world regarding<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir experiences with largescale<br />
solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems. In <strong>the</strong> survey<br />
we made a distinction between systems<br />
that have 50 to 500 m 2 of solar col<br />
lectors and systems with over 500 m 2 of<br />
collectors. The EnerWorks system is in<br />
<strong>the</strong> smaller segment of solar district heating<br />
systems. Of <strong>the</strong> 35 companies who<br />
participated in <strong>the</strong> survey, only three<br />
have implemented systems with more<br />
than 500 m 2 of solar collectors. The two<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r district heating networks were built<br />
in Germany with <strong>the</strong> help of federal funding.<br />
The Austrian company Tisun GmbH<br />
supplied collectors for a solar powered<br />
community in Munich, which also includes<br />
a seasonal storage tank with a capacity<br />
of 5,700 m 3 . In <strong>the</strong> third project,<br />
solar collectors were supplied by <strong>the</strong> German<br />
company Wagner & Co. and are now<br />
used to provide solar heat to a school, a<br />
sports hall and an indoor swimming pool<br />
in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn German community of<br />
EggensteinLeopoldshafen. In contrast to<br />
<strong>the</strong> two o<strong>the</strong>r systems, which involved<br />
<strong>the</strong> construction of new buildings, this<br />
solar heating system replaced <strong>the</strong> heating<br />
systems found in old buildings from<br />
<strong>the</strong> 1960s that were specifically renovated<br />
for energy efficiency.<br />
Solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems that have more<br />
than 500 m 2 of collectors are relatively few<br />
and far between. Only about half of <strong>the</strong><br />
companies surveyed have implemented<br />
systems of that size, most of <strong>the</strong>m between<br />
10 and 50. Only three companies have<br />
completed more than 100 projects: The<br />
Chinese company Jiangsu Sunrain Solar<br />
Energy Co., Ltd., indicated that it has implemented<br />
around 9,000 of <strong>the</strong>se projects<br />
and <strong>the</strong>refore has <strong>the</strong> most experience with<br />
largescale systems. Following far behind<br />
are <strong>the</strong> Turkish company Ezinç Metal A.S.<br />
and <strong>the</strong> Indian company Emmvee Solar,<br />
which have installed about 320 and 200 of<br />
<strong>the</strong>se systems, respectively.<br />
Hotel projects dominate<br />
When asked about what types of systems<br />
<strong>the</strong>y install, most of <strong>the</strong> companies (13)<br />
mentioned hotel systems. An extremely<br />
large system with more than 1,500 m 2 of<br />
solar collectors was recently built in Cuba<br />
by <strong>the</strong> Israeli company Chromagen Solar<br />
Energy Solutions. The hotel La Estrella<br />
has 1,308 beds distributed over 38 buildings.<br />
“La Estrella is one of <strong>the</strong> most prestigious<br />
hotels in <strong>the</strong> Caribbean region”,<br />
says International Sales Manager Dorit<br />
Cohen. A storage tank with a capacity of<br />
more than 120,000 litres ensures that <strong>the</strong><br />
hotel guests have access to hot water<br />
whenever <strong>the</strong>y need it, especially in <strong>the</strong><br />
evening and morning hours.<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009 67
Solar <strong>the</strong>rmal large-Scale inStallationS<br />
Solar powered community in<br />
Munich: collectors covering<br />
3,000 m 2 of surface area are<br />
configured to transfer solar<br />
heat into a seasonal storage<br />
tank. Photo: Tisun<br />
68<br />
Nine companies have installed systems that are<br />
specifically designed for multifamily homes and<br />
comprise more than 500 m 2 of solar collectors. Eight<br />
companies have outfitted various hospitals and nursing<br />
homes with solar collectors. Systems that supply<br />
solar process heat for commercial and industrial<br />
projects were cited just as often in <strong>the</strong> survey. “Some<br />
of our largest projects are for industrial use”, explains<br />
Chaitanya Yardi, Marketing Director of <strong>the</strong> Indian<br />
company NRG Technologists Pvt Ltd. Some of <strong>the</strong><br />
systems (up to 25,000 litre systems) are designed to<br />
preheat boiler feed water. O<strong>the</strong>r uses: a few hightemperature<br />
systems (85 °C) for washing medication<br />
bottle caps (20,000 litre system), several systems for<br />
dyeing textiles (85 °C, up to 15,000 litres) and o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
for heating <strong>the</strong> chemicals used to manufacture bright<br />
bars (up to 10,000 litres) and for <strong>the</strong> hot phosphating<br />
process used by powder coating equipment (usually<br />
85 °C, up to 10,000 litres). The 8/2009 edition of<br />
SUN & WIND ENERGY will focus on <strong>the</strong> subject of solar<br />
process heat.<br />
Roof-integrated system for a<br />
sports centre<br />
Also cited frequently: six companies indicated that<br />
<strong>the</strong>y have outfitted sports facilities with solar collectors<br />
as well. The Swiss company Energie Solaire SA,<br />
The vacuum tubes of this hotel system in Salerno, Italy, were divided into eleven parallel-connected subarrays by <strong>Kloben</strong>. The system<br />
supplies <strong>the</strong>rmal heat and hot water and is also used for solar cooling. Photo: <strong>Kloben</strong><br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009
Solar <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
70<br />
large-Scale inStallationS<br />
Sample projects with 50 to 500 m 2 of collectors<br />
Collector manufacturer<br />
Planning company /<br />
installing company<br />
Location<br />
Start of<br />
operation<br />
Type of plant<br />
Ariston Thermo Group, Italy n/a Lanzarote (Canary Islands) / Spain 2008 sports halls<br />
Baymak, Turkey Baymak after sales service Turkey 2005 hotel<br />
Buderus (Bosch Thermotechnik), Germany n/a Wiehl / Germany 2008 2 multi-family houses<br />
Chiryu Heater, Japan Chiryu Heater Komagane/ Japan 2007 care home<br />
Chromagen, Israel Chromagen Israel 2004 multi-family house<br />
CitrinSolar, Germany CitrinSolar / Willi Mayer, Toarmina ( Sicily) Catania (Sicily), Italy 2008 hotel<br />
Elco (Ariston Thermo Group), Germany Ralf Petersen Kiel / Germany 2008 hotel / 80 rooms<br />
Elcora, Cyprus Elcora Limasol / Cyprus 2006 hotel<br />
EnerWorks, Canada Glenbarra Energy Pickering (Ontario) / Canada 2008 apartment building<br />
Ezinç, Turkey Ezinç /Erciyes University Kayseri / Turkey 2002 Erciyes University<br />
Heliomex, Mexico Rydia León / Mexico 2009 hospital<br />
Heliotek, Brazil Heliotek Sao Paulo / Brazil 2008 hotel<br />
Jehin, Korea Jehin Seoul / Korea 2000 sports halls<br />
<strong>Kloben</strong>, Italy <strong>Kloben</strong> Salerno / Italy n/a hotel and restaurant<br />
Módulo Solar, Mexico Módulo Solar Mexico City 1997 sports hall, Pumas soccer<br />
NRG Technologists , India NRG Technologists Jamnagar (Gujarat) / India 1998 5 star hotel<br />
Ouraset, Turkey Solar-GE Bodrum / Turkey 2008 hotel<br />
Siko Solar, Austria Office A3 Innsbruck, Austria Telfs (Tyrol) / Austria 2006 multi-family house<br />
Solahart, Australia Accomandita Sicily / Italy 2006 hotel<br />
Solar Dynamics, Barbados Solar Dynamics St. Michael/ Barbados 1974 military complex<br />
Sunerg, Italy n/a Iesi/ Italy 2006 sports hall<br />
Sunrain, China Sunrain Lianyugang City (Jiangsu Province) / China 2008 hotel<br />
Tisun, Austria Assyce Ingenieros Granada / Spain 2007 hotel, 171 beds<br />
Transsen, Brazil Transsen Salvador / Brazil 2006 hotel<br />
Tuma, Brazil Kempen & Kempen Porto Seguro / Brazil 2002 hotel<br />
Vaillant, Germany<br />
Vaillant gave planning support to <strong>the</strong> local<br />
installer<br />
near San Diego (California) /USA 2007 multi-family house<br />
Wagner & Co., Germany Solartronic, Witzenhausen, Germany Burg Ludwigstein / Germany 2007 youth hotel<br />
DHW = domestic hot water; 1 large flat plate collectors and stratified storage tank Pro-Clean with spherical exchanger; 2 42 per building; 3 plus 175 for space heating<br />
for example, installed a system with 1,500 m 2 of solar<br />
collectors for <strong>the</strong> sports centre of <strong>the</strong> Spanish city<br />
of Haro. The flat flowthrough, unglazed solar collectors<br />
provide hot water to <strong>the</strong> visitors of both <strong>the</strong><br />
Over <strong>the</strong> past five years, Transsen has built more than 250 large-scale systems in<br />
Brazil, Chile, Peru, Argentina and Bolivia. The majority of those systems were used<br />
in hotels and multi-family homes. Photo: Transsen<br />
sports hall and fitness centre and also heat several<br />
swimming pools. Around 1,000 guests visit <strong>the</strong> sport<br />
centre every day. One noteworthy aspect: this is one<br />
of <strong>the</strong> biggest roofintegrated solar power systems<br />
anywhere in Europe.<br />
“The architect M. Samaniego designed a smoothlycurved<br />
solar roof. He has succeeded in combining<br />
<strong>the</strong> functionality of a solar <strong>the</strong>rmal system with architecture<br />
that is aes<strong>the</strong>tically appealing. The modular<br />
solar panels are perfectly integrated into <strong>the</strong> building<br />
and no compromises were made in terms of design,<br />
dimensions or shape”, explains Bernard Thissen of<br />
Energie Solaire. The solar roof replaces <strong>the</strong> tiles and<br />
slates of a conventional roof with a series of unglazed<br />
collector panels connected by sealed joints. “Although<br />
less efficient than glazed solar panels at high<br />
temperatures, <strong>the</strong>se panels have a lower capital cost<br />
and are <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong> preferable choice for many applications”,<br />
Thissen continues. The AS type absorber<br />
used by Energie Solaire is made of two sheets of<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009
Type of solar system Kind of system<br />
Collector<br />
area [m 2 ]<br />
Volume of storage [litre]<br />
Solar<br />
coverage<br />
Project specials<br />
DHW and pool heating pumped 375 3,000 70 % 3 swimming pools heated by solar system<br />
DHW pumped 70 5,000 100 %<br />
DHW and solar space heating pumped 57 2,600 13 %<br />
solar system SAT-WZ midi with remote monitoring and<br />
remote parametrization<br />
DHW and solar space heating pumped 92<br />
1,000 (hot water)<br />
18,000 (storage for heating)<br />
50 % roof-integrated collectors<br />
DHW pumped 294 2 22,050 75 % 7 buildings, each with 21 apartments<br />
DHW pumped 126 6,000 85 %<br />
DHW and solar space heating pumped 110 4,000 35 % two heat pumps and two condensing boilers as backup<br />
DHW pumped 140 7,000 80 %<br />
DHW pumped 218 2,724 18 % uses <strong>the</strong> pre-packaged EnerWorks Solar Energy Unit<br />
DHW and solar space heating pumped 334 3 12,280 100 % facilities save 90,000 kg oil per year<br />
DHW pumped 100 8,000 60 %<br />
DHW pumped 300 30,000 70 % high efficiency flat plate collector<br />
DHW drain back 500 22,000 60 %<br />
DHW, solar space heating and cooling pumped 145 12,000 70 %<br />
DHW pumped 300 17,000 85 %<br />
DHW pumped 500 30,000 85 %<br />
DHW pumped 78 4 x 1,000 45 %<br />
composite intelligent control for all operations including<br />
recirculation, gas boiler, pressurized and forced flow<br />
DHW pumped 420 9,000 60 % collectors adjusted on <strong>the</strong> curved balcony fronts<br />
DHW <strong>the</strong>rmosiphonic 220 15,600 70 %<br />
DHW <strong>the</strong>rmosiphonic 164 12,718 90 %<br />
DHW pumped 200 n/a n/a<br />
DHW pumped 420 24,000 65 %<br />
DHW, solar space heating and pool heating pumped 1 400 4 x 5,000 40 % savings of 143,746 kg CO 2 per year<br />
DHW pumped 400 45,000 70 % pre-heating system<br />
DHW <strong>the</strong>rmosiphonic 140 21,000 75 % 7 independent <strong>the</strong>rmosiphonic systems (3,000 liters each)<br />
DHW and solar space heating pumped 87 6,000 70 %<br />
in combination with an air/water heat pump additional<br />
pool heating and floor heating<br />
DHW pumped 54 3,000 40 %<br />
system with buffer tanks and instantaneous hot water<br />
preparation<br />
The majority of medium-sized solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems were built for hotels or multi-family homes. Source: company information<br />
Aes<strong>the</strong>tics combined with solar <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
energy: Siko succeeded in seamlessly integrating<br />
<strong>the</strong>se solar collectors into balconies<br />
in Innsbruck, Austria. Photo: Siko Solar<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009 71
Solar <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
72<br />
large-Scale inStallationS<br />
Sample projects with over 500 m 2 of collectors<br />
Collector manufacturer<br />
Planning company / installing<br />
company Location<br />
Start of<br />
operation Type of plant Type of solar system Kind of system<br />
Baymak , Turkey Baymak Turkey 2007 hotel DHW pumped<br />
Buderus, Germany n/a Berlin / Germany 2006 multi-family house<br />
DHW and solar space<br />
heating<br />
pumped<br />
Chromagen, Israel CUEX Havana / Cuba 2008 hotel DHW pumped<br />
Derya, Turkey Derya Antalya City /Turkey 2009 hotel DHW pumped<br />
Emmvee Solar, India Tirumal Tirupathi Devastanams Tirumala (Andra Pradesh) /India 2003 hotel/lodge for pilgrims<br />
domestic bathing,<br />
cooking<br />
pumped and<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmosiphonic<br />
EnerWorks, Canada Enermodal/Hurst Okotoks (Alberta) / Canada 2005<br />
district heating system<br />
for 54 individual homes<br />
solar space heating 1 pumped<br />
Ezinç, Turkey Ezinç Alanya (Antalya) / Turkey 2005 hotel DHW pumped<br />
<strong>Kloben</strong>, Italy n/a Khartoum / Sudan 2007 hospital<br />
heating and cooling<br />
system<br />
pumped<br />
Jehin, Korea Jehin Kwangju / Korea 2000 dormitory DHW pumped<br />
Módulo Solar, Mexico Módulo Solar Cancún / Mexico 2005 hotel Cancún Palace DHW pumped<br />
NRG Technologists, India NRG Technologists Idar (Gujarat) / India 1991 industrial, preheating<br />
hot water at 85 °C for<br />
feeding to <strong>the</strong> boiler<br />
pumped<br />
Ouraset, Turkey Tansug Engineering Alanya /Turkey 2006 multi-family house DHW pumped<br />
Siko Solar, Austria Klima<strong>the</strong>rm, Zirl (Austria) Innsbruck / Austria 2008 multi-family house DHW pumped<br />
Sunrain, China local installation company Henan Province / China 2008 multi-family house DHW pumped<br />
Tisun , Austria<br />
planner: TGA Consulting / ZAE Bayern<br />
Energieforscher; installer: Lausser<br />
Munich / Germany 1999<br />
multi-family house<br />
(district heating)<br />
DHW and solar space<br />
heating<br />
Transsen, Brazil Transsen Brazil and Transsen Peru Tacna / Peru 2008 sports hall DHW pumped<br />
Tuma, Brazil Tuma Belo Horizonte / Brazil 1994 hotel DHW pumped<br />
Wagner & Co., Germany planning: PKI, Stuttgart (Germany) Eggenstein / Germany 2008<br />
DHW = domestic hot water; 1 homes have individual small solar water heating appliances; 2 solar roof, three collector fields<br />
selectively coated stainless steel. The solar liquid<br />
flows through a pattern of offset metal pads. The solar<br />
collector array in Haro is capable of achieving an<br />
energy yield of around 500 kWh/m 2 a.<br />
Stainless steel absorbers are not <strong>the</strong> only components<br />
suitable for swimming pool heating. The Brazilian<br />
company Aquecedor Solar Transsen Ltda.<br />
(Transsen) installed a solar <strong>the</strong>rmal system for heating<br />
an indoor swimming pool in <strong>the</strong> Peruvian city of<br />
Tacna. Heat is supplied by unglazed swimming pool<br />
absorbers that are made of plastic and comprise<br />
1,080 m 2 of surface area. “This is <strong>the</strong> biggest system<br />
for pools in South America”, says Newton Koeke,<br />
sports halls, school and<br />
indoor pool (district<br />
heating)<br />
DHW and solar space<br />
heating<br />
pumped<br />
pumped<br />
International Trade Manager of Transsen.<br />
The Italian company <strong>Kloben</strong> (Turco Group S.r.l.)<br />
specialises in systems that provide heat for solar<br />
cooling. In 2007 <strong>the</strong> company installed almost<br />
1,000 m 2 of vacuum tube collectors in a hospital in<br />
Khartoum, <strong>the</strong> capital of Sudan, for airconditioning<br />
purposes. The solar heat is transferred at a temperature<br />
of up to 95 °C to a 50 m 3 storage tank. If <strong>the</strong>re is<br />
insufficient heat to run <strong>the</strong> refrigeration machine with<br />
95 °C hot water, <strong>the</strong>n a boiler will be used for reheating.<br />
The refrigeration machine produces cold water at<br />
a temperature of 7 °C. Recooling occurs once <strong>the</strong> temperature<br />
reaches 45 °C.<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009
Collector<br />
area [m 2 ]<br />
Hotel systems also dominated in <strong>the</strong> area of large-scale solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems.<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009<br />
Volume of<br />
storage [litre] Solar coverage Project specials<br />
520 16,500 100 %<br />
570 n/a n/a<br />
solar system SAT-WZ midi with remote monitoring and<br />
remote parametrization<br />
1,510 120,000 n/a 21 buildings – 1,308 rooms<br />
550 40,000 n/a selective collector, galvanized boiler<br />
2,000 125,000 30 % Auto DTC connected to electrical backup<br />
2,300 240,000<br />
91 % for space heating,<br />
60 % for hot water<br />
short term heat is stored in large water tank, long<br />
term storage in borehole storage system<br />
1,174 50,000 100 % hotel saves 150,907 kg LPG per year<br />
950 50,000 95 %<br />
1,000 40,000 70 %<br />
1,000 55,000 60 %<br />
500 20,000 85 %<br />
one of <strong>the</strong> first systems of this size at 85 °C in India,<br />
first boiler feed water system in India<br />
800 40,000 70 %<br />
1,360 28,000 60 %<br />
at <strong>the</strong> moment Europe’s biggest multi-family passive<br />
house<br />
576 30,000 60 %<br />
3,000 5,700,000 50 % for 27,000 m2 housing space, collectors replace <strong>the</strong><br />
roof<br />
1,080 Olympic pool 90 % <strong>the</strong> biggest system for pools in South America<br />
804 60,000 75 %<br />
4 storage tanks (15,000 liters each) made by stainless<br />
steel<br />
1,600 2 4,500,000 35 to 40 %<br />
In Mexico, Heliomex has built<br />
two large-scale systems for<br />
solar process heat.<br />
Photo: Heliomex<br />
seasonal storage of solar energy with a gravel/water<br />
storage, energetic reconstruction of all buildings<br />
Source: company information
Solar <strong>the</strong>rmal large-Scale inStallationS<br />
Around 250 multi-family<br />
homes, sport complexes, camping<br />
<strong>ground</strong>s and hospitals in<br />
Denmark have been outfitted<br />
with solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems by<br />
Batec. Photo: Batec<br />
74<br />
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Medium-class solar <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
systems: 50 to 500 m 2<br />
In <strong>the</strong> area of mediumsized systems, Sunrain has<br />
once again implemented <strong>the</strong> highest number of<br />
projects with over 30,000. Emmvee Solar, which has<br />
implemented 2,000 projects, has been very successful<br />
in this segment as well. Tisun is likewise one of <strong>the</strong><br />
more active companies with around 200 projects a<br />
year. Siko Solar Vertriebs GmbH is also based in<br />
Austria and has installed more than 800 mediumsized<br />
systems. Siko specialises in solar collectors<br />
that can be mounted on façades or used as balcony<br />
railings. To offer architects a wide range of colour design<br />
options, <strong>the</strong> company manufactures collectors<br />
with selectivelycoated coloured absorbers. Wagner<br />
& Co. (more than 500 systems) and Heliotek Máquinas<br />
e Equipamentos Ltda from Brazil (400 systems)<br />
have already outfitted a large number of mediumsized<br />
collector arrays.<br />
As with largescale systems, mediumsized<br />
systems are predominantly used in projects for hotels<br />
and multifamily homes. When asked which<br />
type of system <strong>the</strong>y install <strong>the</strong> most, 18 companies<br />
cited hotels while 12 companies cited multifamily<br />
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homes. Hospitals und nursing homes were mentioned<br />
three times. Sports halls and camp <strong>ground</strong>s<br />
were mentioned once each. Solar process heat was<br />
cited by two companies and is in high demand in<br />
Mexico.<br />
Funding: Italy at <strong>the</strong> top<br />
To compete with conventional heat sources, solar<br />
heat still requires federal funding in many countries.<br />
The solarassisted district heating networks described<br />
above, for instance, would never have been<br />
possible without federal funding. The current situation<br />
in Italy is particularly favourable. “The law referred<br />
to as ‘Finanziaria’ returns 55 % of <strong>the</strong> total<br />
turnover”, explains Michele Speri, Export Manager at<br />
<strong>the</strong> vacuum tube specialist <strong>Kloben</strong>. The government<br />
of Cyprus also provides 55 % of <strong>the</strong> total investment<br />
costs for largescale solar power systems according<br />
to Nicos Nicolaou, who is <strong>the</strong> partnership owner and<br />
Production Manager at <strong>the</strong> Cypriot company Elcora<br />
Ltd.<br />
Federal funding in South Korea can end up being<br />
almost as high. The Managing Director of Jehin Co<br />
Ltd., MannKwi Park, states that federal funding can<br />
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Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009
Solar <strong>the</strong>rmal large-Scale inStallationS<br />
Beach front: this system at <strong>the</strong> hotel Cancún Palace, Mexico, includes 1,000 m 2 of solar<br />
collectors. Photo: Módulo Solar<br />
Solahart builds large-scale pumped drainback systems and multiple <strong>the</strong>rmosiphonic<br />
systems around <strong>the</strong> world. Photo: Solahart<br />
76<br />
amount to up to 50 % of <strong>the</strong> installation costs. The<br />
same applies in Mexico: “Subsidies amounting to up<br />
to 50 % of <strong>the</strong> total project cost are available”, says<br />
Christian Ebner, Operations Manager at Heliomex<br />
S.A. de C.V. “There are some tax reductions. The end<br />
user can deduct 100 % of <strong>the</strong> system costs in <strong>the</strong> first<br />
year”, adds Daniel Garcia Valladares, Commercial<br />
Director at Módulo Solar, S.A. de C.V. The government<br />
of Brazil is also using tax cuts to promote <strong>the</strong> use of<br />
solar heat: “Government tax reductions and credit<br />
lines are offered to <strong>the</strong> Brazilian market”, says<br />
Newton Koeke of Transsen.<br />
In Japan, some of <strong>the</strong> projects implemented by<br />
Chiryu Heater Co., Ltd. received 30 to 50 % funding<br />
while o<strong>the</strong>rs received no funding at all according to<br />
Eijiro Kawai from <strong>the</strong> Sales Department. In Germany,<br />
<strong>the</strong> federal government subsidises 30 % of <strong>the</strong> total<br />
investment costs for largescale solar power systems.<br />
The USA also grants subsidies in <strong>the</strong> form of 30 %<br />
federal tax credits with no upper limit. A variety of<br />
funding programmes are also offered on <strong>the</strong> federal<br />
state level. “Federal states offer a variety of tax credits<br />
that vary from 0 to 35 % of total project cost with<br />
upper limits. Utility incentives are usually based on<br />
kWh production over a period of one year”, explains<br />
Florin Plavosin, Director of Applications Engineering<br />
at EnerWorks. “Total incentives vary from 30 % to almost<br />
100 % of <strong>the</strong> project cost depending on <strong>the</strong> location<br />
and size of <strong>the</strong> project.” In Canada, federal<br />
grants are based on a formula that factors in <strong>the</strong> type,<br />
size and performance of <strong>the</strong> solar collector. These<br />
grants amount to approximately 20 % in total. Canadian<br />
provinces also offer <strong>the</strong>ir own funding programmes:<br />
“A provincial grant that matches <strong>the</strong> federal<br />
one is only available in two provinces Ontario and<br />
Saskatchewan”, says Plavosin.<br />
The Caribbean island nation of Barbados, which<br />
has <strong>the</strong> highest number of solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems per<br />
capita, does not offer subsidies for individual<br />
projects. However: “For <strong>the</strong> solar heating industry,<br />
<strong>the</strong> government offers <strong>the</strong> incentive of no import duty<br />
on materials used to manufacture solar water heaters”,<br />
says Michael Lewis, General Manager of Solar<br />
Dynamics Ltd.<br />
Government subsidies for solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems<br />
are not available everywhere in <strong>the</strong> world. “Incentives<br />
for projects were never offered in Israel”, says Mario<br />
Waisman, International Sales and Export Manager of<br />
Nimrod Industries Ltd. There are, however, mandatory<br />
regulations which have allowed Israel to join countries<br />
such as Barbados or Cyprus where solar heating<br />
has long been accepted as a matter of course. “The<br />
installation of central solar arrays on building rooftops<br />
has been going on for decades already”, remarks<br />
Waisman.<br />
Yet even in countries where subsidies are available,<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is no guarantee that companies will take<br />
advantage of <strong>the</strong>m. Take India as an example: “Incentives<br />
are available, but <strong>the</strong>y are difficult to obtain due<br />
to <strong>the</strong> lengthy procedure involved. Ra<strong>the</strong>r than avail<br />
ourselves of <strong>the</strong>m, we usually sell projects based on<br />
cost savings alone”, says Chaitanya Yardi.<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009
Solar <strong>the</strong>rmal large-Scale inStallationS<br />
85 % of <strong>the</strong> hot water required<br />
by this hotel in Sicily is supplied<br />
by solar collectors.<br />
78<br />
Photo: CitrinSolar<br />
The solar energy sector in Malaysia, for instance,<br />
must do without federal subsidies of any kind according<br />
to Roy Chok, CEO of Solartech Sales & Service Sdn<br />
Bhd. Subsidies are not offered in Turkey ei<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
Never<strong>the</strong>less, <strong>the</strong>re is enormous potential for largescale<br />
solar energy systems in Turkey, particularly in<br />
<strong>the</strong> south where <strong>the</strong> tourism industry is booming:<br />
“The fact that a natural gas pipeline, which is a much<br />
less costly option for electricity, has not yet reached<br />
<strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn part of <strong>the</strong> country makes <strong>the</strong> use of solar<br />
energy a very viable option for generating hot water.<br />
Without <strong>the</strong> help of any government support, this<br />
has led to <strong>the</strong> extensive use of solar energy in <strong>the</strong> majority<br />
of hotels in <strong>the</strong> region”, says Ibrahim Sudas,<br />
Production Manager of Ouraset Solar.<br />
Planning and installation support<br />
Unlike small <strong>the</strong>rmosiphonic systems or heat pump<br />
hot water systems, largescale solar power systems<br />
require a high level of expertise in planning and installation.<br />
The companies we questioned for this survey<br />
are ei<strong>the</strong>r solar collector manufacturers or system<br />
providers. Are <strong>the</strong>se companies able to find enough<br />
competent planners and installers in <strong>the</strong>ir respective<br />
countries? Sara Lauri from <strong>the</strong> Marketing Department<br />
of <strong>the</strong> Italian company Sunerg Solar SRL admits that<br />
this is a significant problem. Verena Rausch, Solar<br />
Thermal Product Manager at <strong>the</strong> German company<br />
Vaillant Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, also finds that<br />
“<strong>the</strong> knowledge of large solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems is still<br />
small”. She thinks that additional training and information<br />
are necessary for <strong>the</strong> dimensioning of systems,<br />
<strong>the</strong> hydraulics of collector arrays and <strong>the</strong> piping<br />
and configuration of expansion vessels and plate<br />
heat exchangers. At EnerWorks <strong>the</strong>re is also “a definite<br />
shortage of skill and knowledge in companies<br />
who want to install solar <strong>the</strong>rmal plants”. EnerWorks<br />
is <strong>the</strong>refore selecting, training and expanding ‘project<br />
partner’ companies with expertise in project management<br />
so that <strong>the</strong>y can sell, plan, design, project<br />
manage, install and maintain solar <strong>the</strong>rmal systems<br />
on <strong>the</strong>ir own.<br />
As can be expected, large regional differences do<br />
exist. “This is not a problem in Israel but we do face<br />
difficulties in o<strong>the</strong>r countries where companies have<br />
little experience in planning and installing solar <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
systems”, finds Mario Waisman. Emanuel<br />
Brender, Managing Director of <strong>the</strong> Danish company<br />
Batec Solvarme (Solar) A/S, believes that a good environment<br />
for solar <strong>the</strong>rmal energy can be found in<br />
Denmark. “We have competent installers whom we<br />
supervise.” This also applies to Austria according to<br />
Wolfgang Sief, Marketing Manager at Siko Solar:<br />
“There is extensive knowledge in this field and our<br />
company offers special inhouse workshops on <strong>the</strong><br />
topics of solar energy and photovoltaic systems.” In<br />
<strong>the</strong> South African company Solardome SA, attempts<br />
are always made to avoid installation problems before<br />
<strong>the</strong>y occur: “We intend to provide <strong>the</strong> simplest<br />
systems possible to keep maintenance to a minimum”,<br />
says Sales Manager Brennen February.<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009
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Solar <strong>the</strong>rmal companies do not rely<br />
solely on <strong>the</strong> competence of external<br />
planners and installers, however. They all<br />
have <strong>the</strong>ir own inhouse planning teams<br />
after all. “We have a highly professional<br />
team in <strong>the</strong> planning department”, says<br />
Newton Koeke for example. Michele Speri<br />
adds: “We have a great staff of 15 people<br />
who work in solar planning.” For over a<br />
decade now, Wagner & Co. has been using<br />
a technical support team that specialises<br />
in largescale solar systems and<br />
deals with layout and planning, supports<br />
installation and commissioning and performs<br />
aftersales service. Ezinç is ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
company that provides customer support<br />
for largescale systems: “We have our<br />
own Project Department in which our engineers<br />
conduct all projectsrelated tasks<br />
such as designing, planning, calculation,<br />
surveillance during installation and commissioning.<br />
We also support our customers<br />
through our Project Department based<br />
on our extensive experience in installing<br />
largescale systems”, says A. Kutay Ülke<br />
from <strong>the</strong> Export Department. “For large<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmal plants we perform all <strong>the</strong> calculations<br />
and also support <strong>the</strong> distributor”,<br />
adds Mark Perger, International Manager<br />
of <strong>the</strong> Australian company Solahart Industries<br />
Pty Ltd. In addition to planning,<br />
aftersales service is also offered by many<br />
companies: “In Turkey we established an<br />
aftersales service organisation for planning<br />
and installing while outside Turkey<br />
our distributors depend on plumbers carrying<br />
out <strong>the</strong>se services”, explains Taçnur<br />
Yılmaz, Export Deputy Manager at <strong>the</strong><br />
Turkish company Baymak, which is a<br />
member of <strong>the</strong> Baxi Group.<br />
While planning teams are established<br />
in all companies, <strong>the</strong> number of companies<br />
with inhouse installation teams remains<br />
clear. “That is not our concept. We<br />
manufacture systems and <strong>the</strong>n distribute<br />
<strong>the</strong>m to installers”, says Mario Waisman.<br />
Baymak has so far implemented large-scale solar<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmal systems that include up to 500 m 2<br />
of collectors in Spain, Italy, Canada, Australia,<br />
New Zealand and Turkey. Photo: Baymak<br />
At Wagner & Co., activities are limited to<br />
manufacturing, distribution and technical<br />
support. “We want to help improve <strong>the</strong><br />
qualifications of planning and installing<br />
companies instead of just keeping <strong>the</strong><br />
work within our company. We only maintain<br />
a specialised installation crew for our<br />
Solar Roof collector system that features<br />
large collector elements”, remarks<br />
Andreas Knoch, CEO of Solar Thermal Marketing<br />
and Sales. Chromagen, on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
hand, is one of <strong>the</strong> companies who occasionally<br />
install systems on <strong>the</strong>ir own:<br />
“We have our own installers but we work<br />
mainly with subcontractors”, explains<br />
Dorit Cohen. The same applies to Solardome:<br />
“We mostly outsource labour, but<br />
in two projects we were directly involved<br />
with <strong>the</strong> installation”, says Brennen<br />
February. Ouraset assigns project leaders<br />
for largescale projects.<br />
Installers are also employed by Derya<br />
Solar Collector C.O. and Ezinç from Turkey,<br />
Elcora from Cyprus, Transsen, Tuma and<br />
Heliotek from Brazil, Módulo Solar and<br />
Heliomex from Mexico, Sunrain from<br />
China, Chiryu Heater from Japan, Solar<br />
Dynamics from Barbados, Solartech Sales<br />
& Service from Malaysia, Tisun from<br />
Austria as well as Emmvee and NRG Technologists<br />
from India. In this regard, NRG<br />
Technologists uses an inhouse variant:<br />
“We have our own installation and service<br />
team. We cannot rely on o<strong>the</strong>rs to do a<br />
competent job and finish <strong>the</strong> job well.<br />
Hence, all installations are performed by<br />
trained inhouse personnel who are specifically<br />
employed for this purpose”, says<br />
Chaitanya Yardi, Marketing Director. “We<br />
have about three teams of installers, each<br />
comprising around 5 to 8 people, who<br />
work solely for <strong>the</strong> company. They are responsible<br />
for carrying out proper installation<br />
based on <strong>the</strong> guidelines laid out by<br />
<strong>the</strong> company.”<br />
Jens-Peter Meyer<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009
Tuma installed around 800 m 2 of solar collectors onto <strong>the</strong> Dallas<br />
Motel in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, as early as in 1994. Photo: Tuma<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r information:<br />
Ariston Thermo Group S.p.A.: www.ariston<strong>the</strong>rmo.com<br />
Batec Solvarme A/S: www.batec.dk<br />
Baymak (Baxi Group): www.baymak.com.tr<br />
Buderus (Bosch Thermotechnik GmbH): www.buderus.de<br />
Chiryu Heater Co., Ltd: www.chiryuheater.jp<br />
Chromagen: www.chromagen.biz<br />
CitrinSolar GmbH: www.citrinsolar.de<br />
Derya Solar Collector C.O.: www.deryakollektor.com.tr<br />
Elco (Ariston Thermo group): www.elco.net<br />
Elcora Ltd: www.elcora-cy.com<br />
Emmvee Solar Systems Pvt Ltd: www.emmveesolar.com<br />
Energie Solaire SA: www.energie-solaire.com<br />
EnerWorks Inc.: www.enerworks.com<br />
Ezinç Metal San. TIC. A.S.: www.ezinc.com.tr<br />
Heliomex S.A. de C.V.: www.heliomex.com.mx<br />
Heliotek Máquinas e Equipamentos Ltda: www.heliotek.com.br<br />
Jehin Co Ltd: www.jehin.co.kr<br />
<strong>Kloben</strong> (Turco Group S.r.l.): www.kloben.it, www.ktsolar.com<br />
Módulo Solar, S.A. de C.V.: www.modulosolar.com.mx<br />
Nimrod Industries Ltd.: www.nimrod-solar.com<br />
NRG Technologists PVt Ltd: www.nrgtechnologists.com<br />
Ouraset Solar (Tansug Makina): www.ouraset.com<br />
Siko Solar Vertriebs GmbH: www.solar.at<br />
Solahart Industries Pty Ltd: www.solahart.com<br />
Solardome SA: www.solardome.co.za<br />
Solar Dynamics Ltd: www.solardynamicsltd.com<br />
Solartech Sales & Service Sdn Bhd: www.solartech.com.my<br />
Sunerg Solar SRL: www.sunergsolar.com<br />
Sunrain (Jiangsu Sunrain Solar Energy Co.,Ltd.): http://en.sunrain.com<br />
Tisun GmbH: www.tisun.com<br />
Transsen (Aquecedor Solar Transsen Ltda.): www.transsen.com<br />
Tuma Industrial Ltda.: www.empresastuma.com.br<br />
Vaillant GmbH: www.vaillant.de<br />
Wagner & Co. : www.wagner-solar.com<br />
Sun & Wind Energy 5/2009<br />
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