if/WESTERN 8t ATLANTIC^ RAILROAD - the Digital Library of Georgia

TENTH EDITION. Copyright, 1887, by Jos. M. BROWN.if/WESTERN 8t ATLANTIC^RAILROADMARIETTAPURE ATMOSPHERE- HISTORIC- AfliTUDE H5OFEET*

VIKW OF MARIETTA, CA., AND KJONNKSAW. ..^^^^^m^mi% .-. :--U -> --:^v^

MARIETTA, GEORGIA.RE-EMINENTLY one of the prettiest little cities in allthe Southland is MARIETTA, Georgia. Built in the midstof a superb growth of oak trees, which crown the hillsonly a couple of miles south of the far-famed KENNESAWMOUNTAIN, and having within itself all the elements of '!beauty and taste, it well deserves the title of " The Little Gem City of \Georgia"At the Western & Atlantic Railroad depot its elevation above thesea is 1,132 feet, and upon the summits of several of the beautifulhills within its limits there is an altitude attained of possibly a coupleof scores or more of feet above this ; hence it can readily be notedthat the atmosphere is very fine and the scenery charming.-To the inhabitants of the region south, desirous of escaping theextreme heat and the malarial influences which are so deleterious tohealth during the summer months, there is no better resort thanMARIETTA ; while those who would seek refuge from the chillingblasts and snows of the North and West find this a delightful " halfway place " between the rigors of the winter climate of their homesand the enervating warmth of Florida, during the early winter andearly spring. . In fact, MARIETTA has for some years past been thewinter residence of a number of Northwestern people.One of her choicest advantages, and one, by the way, which is notpossessed by any other summer or winter resort in probably all theSouth, is the fact that tourists or wayfarers stopping here not onlysecure the advantages of splendid atmosphere, pure freestone water,lovely scenery, and associations with a resident population noted forculture and refinement, but they are also within one hour's ride of themetropolis of the Southeast; and with six through and local passengertrains per day each way, running at seasonable hours, one can goand return at a slight cost, whether the object be "to go shopping,''to pay social calls on friends in Atlanta, to spend a few hours enjoying anew the bustling activity of business life, or in the evenings toattend any theatrical or other entertainment which may be on hand.All these advantages can be enjoyed by those who would wish tospend every night in MARIETTA.MARIETTA was settled in December, 1833. The pioneer dwellingswere in the neighborhood of the present Episcopal Church, and atthat time the Cherokee Indians still held sway in this region, fromwhich, however, they were removed by the general government somefour or five years later.The building of the Western & Atlantic, or, as it was popularlyknown, " The State Road " (because built and owned by the State),some dozen years later, found her quite a thriving little town, andthis term she has deserved ever since.In the language of one of our most GpjJSajtd Q^||^£ Sprite" This charming little city has Iwg nreh th«JacaUh aflflj^l^snreresort of the affluent denizens of th9sea|coUtei|

4 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,Before the war, when the old noblesse of that aristocratic regioncounted their broad acres by the thousands and their slaves by thehundreds, it was the fashion to spend at least a few weeks in MARIETTA either going to or returning from the Virginia Springs orSaratoga." In those days money was dispensed like water, and the big brickhotel, which had been erected to meet the ever increasing influx ofvisitors, was jammed from cellar to attic."Stylish equipages swept along the streets, the churches werecrowded with the e"lite of the State, and mirth and gayety held highcarnival for weeks and months every season."AUNT NANCY A TYPICAL MAMMIE.In those days also there were, in almost every family, trusted servants, who had been raised up from the cradle, to special attendancein the households of their masters, and between whom and theirowners there existed a strong feeling of mutual affection which gavethe He to the many tales concerning the imaginary horrors of slavery.These were also the days when almost every wealthy or well-to-dofamily had among its number of slaves a " Mammie," as the childrencalled her, who was an aged, or at least an elderly colored female, intowhose hands the children were placed almost equally with those of themother herself, and, for whom the children instinctively entertained almost the same tender ,love that they did for the motherherself.

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA. 5To her their stories of childish adventure were told: to her theycarried their grievances, and from her hands they received assistance,as well as from her lips their childish hearts were made glad by wordsof comfort and cheer.God bless the memories of the dear old " Mammies." The writerconfesses that oft-times a tear has trembled in his own eye as he hasrecalled the days when " Mammie" tenderly cared for him, she whohas now passed away from the scenes which her presence made soprecious to childish hearts.The end of the great Civil War, however, in 1865, found MARIETTAwrecked by its ravages, the business portion of the city having beenburned, and the beautiful homes in many cases sadly disfigured ; butwithin the twenty years which have followed, it has gradually comeout of this, and its plucky population have turned one point andW. & A. R. R. BRIDGE OVER CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER.

6 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,another to advantage, until they have made their little city what itto-day is," a thing of beauty."One would think that, being almost under the shadow of the business houses of Atlanta, it would amount to but little except a placefor pleasant residence; whereas, the reverse is exactly true.MARIETTA controls a trade which is more than local, and hasasserted herself, commercially, to an unusual extent. Her merchantshold the advantage of being in the midst of a good farming country,and of being burdened with less taxation, rents, etc., than theirneighbors in the metropolis so near them; furthermore, being thesouthern terminus of the Marietta & North Georgia Railroad, theynaturally secure a large proportion of the business of the territorytraversed by that line, in spite of the efforts of their more powerful rival.. Referring just here to the Marietta & North Georgia Railroad, itis proper to state that the enterprise of building it was for the first yearor two in charge of General William Phillips, as President. He completed the railroad to Canton in spite of stringencies in money matters,and in spite of many difficulties which would have daunted a lessenthusiastic man, and to his energy in getting it thus started, thepresent clever management is certainly indebted to an unusual extent.Starting from MARIETTA, which is at the elevation above the seapreviously mentioned, the successive stations have altitudes as follows:Woodstock, 994 feet. Talking Rock, 1,113 feet -Canton, 960 feet. Ellijay, 1,310 feet.Tate's, 1,315 feet. White Path, 1,500 feet.Jasper, ii,53o feet. Blue Ridge, 1,769 feet.The road is now completed as far as to the Georgia and North Carolina State line, about one hundred miles north of MARIETTA. BetweenEllijay and Blue Ridge it passes the famous " White Path MineralSprings." Within the present winter, it will be extended to its ultimate terminus, Murphy, N. C.BLUE RIDGE, as above stated, has an elevation of 1,769 feet abovethe sea. Hence, it will be observed that this line penetrates themountainous region of Georgia, and brings the tourist not only intothe midst of the wildest and most attractive scenery, but also into anatmosphere which is most superb.The United States Census reports show that this region is the healthiest in America without exception, for those who are threatenedwith pulmonary diseases. Out of every 1,000 deaths, only twentyeightin North Georgia are from diseases of the character named.In North Carolina the number is thirty-two per thousand, while insome of the New England States it runs up to as high as about onehundred and ninety per thousand. Such a contrast is really remarkable. Hay fever has never been known among the inhabitants ofthis region. We may judge of the general health from the fact thatthe United States Census reports of 1880 show the following death rateper thousand of the living population in the counties named: Gilmer, 8 ;Union, 9 ; and Fannin, 5 ; the latter, by the way, being possibly thehealthiest county in America. Instances of striking longevity arenoted in these counties.It may be stated that, going via this line from MARIETTA one reachesthe great water-shed of North Georgia, which is comprised in the

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA.AMICALOLA FALLS.elevated mountain plateau, if we may so term it, including thecounties, or portions of them, of Gilmer, Fannin, Union, Towns andRabun.This region throws off the water as follows: To the north, theTennessee River, the Notley River, the Hiwassee River, and theToccoa, or, as it is known in Tennessee, the Ocoee River ; to theeast, the Savannah River and its confluents, which include the Tugaloand Tallulah Rivers; to the south, the Broad River, the ChestateeRiver, the Tesnatee River and the Chattahoochee River; and to thewest, the Ellijay River and the Carticay River, which two form theCoosawattee, which is one of the main confluents of the OostanaulaRiver, which the Western & Atlantic Railroad crosses at Resaca, Ga.,famed in history.The average elevation of these counties is very nearly 2,000feet above the sea level ; and the serrated sub-ranges of the greatBlue Ridge and Alleghany Mountains, which extend through these

8 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,counties, rise into quite a number of lofty peaks; prominent amongwhich are Trail Mountain, 4,438 feet high ; Blood Mountain, 4,460feet high ; Mount Enota. otherwise called "The Brass-town Bald"Mountain, 4,802 feet high ; this latter, by the way, being the loftiestpeak in Georgia. Besides these are many other peaks of about thesame altitude.There are several waterfalls of striking beauty in this region,the highest of which are AMICALOLA FALLS, in Dawson County,about twenty miles from the railroad. These are 744 feet high fromthe summit of the first leap to the level of the valley below, and canbe seen from Dawsonville, ten miles distant.In the clear streams north of the Blue Ridge, the disciples of IzaakWalton, with hook and rod, can delight themselves by catching thegamest of all fish, the speckled or mountain trout.Northwest of Ellijay, some thirty miles, are the famous DucktownCopper Mines, the main shaft of which is 470 feet deep; and throughthis region are numerous gold mines. There are also in these countiesvery many mineral springs.At Tate's, fifty miles above MARIETTA, on the line of this narrowgauge railway, a little branch road leads off about a couple of milesto the Georgia Marble Quarries, in Pickens County. These quarriesare now being developed by a very strong company, and shipmentsare already being made to Philadelphia, Chicago, etc. The mountains seem practically full of marble, which comprises several gradesand colors ; there being" one vein of a beautiful pink color ; anotherof white, variegated with a bluish tint, and another pure white. ;This " Georgia Marble," it is likely, will be used, within a year ortwo, in probably more than a score of States.At Marble Cliff, by the way, about sixty miles north of MARIETTA,in building the railroad around the side of the mountain, it becamenecessary to blast off the white marble, which comprises the cliff;and the road-bed for a short distance lies on marble, and that whichwas blasted off was also used for ballasting purposes for the railroad,above and below the point.The railroad company, however, cannot brag as much on this lattermatter as they might under other circumstances, for the simple reasonthat the marble was nearer at hand, and therefore cheaper for ballastthan other stone would have been.Excursions to the marble quarries from MARIETTA are very popular in the spring and summer time, inasmuch as the tourist can leaveMARIETTA in the morning, spend some three hours at the quarries,and reach MARIETTA in time for supper.Pleasant trips are also enjoyed to Ellijay, and at that point thenights are so cool that one always has to sleep under cover, and thesame may also be said of Jasper, and White Path.Local excursions can be made over the Western & Atlantic Railroad to Big Shanty, eight miles distant, and to Allatoona, twentymiles distant.Big Shanty is the point at which occurred the famous " Capture ofa Locomotive." Here, on April 12, 1862, 22 Federal soldiers, in disguise, seized an engine and three cars of a passenger train while the

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA. gcrew and passengers were taking breakfast at the eating-house. Theydashed northward, and picked up, some few hundred yards distant, aportion of their force who had walked up the road to cut the telegraphwires. Their intention was to go up the Western & Atlantic Railroad,and burn all the bridges between Big Shanty and Chattanooga.General Mitchell was prepared to make a dash with a strong cavalryforce upon Chattanooga, to seize it, if possible, as soon as information could be had of the success of this daring adventure.The conductor, engineer and master mechanic, however, began anenergetic pursuit, and, after running a few miles on foot, thencepushing a hand-car forward for some fifteen miles, they procured alocomotive near Cartersville.THE 'GENERAL.The engine captors had been delayed at Kingston by the failure ofa south-bound train to arrive on its schedule. They were alsodetained at Adairsville by the same cause. Consequently, the pursuers, who had exchanged the little engine they first took for a largerone, were enabled to press forward as rapidly as the Federals.The pursuit was close, and thrilling to the highest degree. Thesequel is well known. The Federals were overtaken with their prizejust north of Ringgold. They abandoned the engine and scatteredamid the forest; but were all captured, and eight of them were subsequently hung as spies."The General," the engine they captured, is still pulling a trainon the Western & Atlantic Railroad, and many have been the parties who have had their curiosity gratified by looking at her as shehas passed up and down this historic line.Allatoona Heights immediately overlook Allatoona Pass, throughwhich the Western & Atlantic Railroad runs.General Sherman sent from the summit of KENNESAW MOUNTAINto Allatoona Heights, the signals which directed General Corse to

IOSCENES ABOUT MARIETTA.hasten down from Rome with over a thousand men to aid the garrisonof the redoubts at ALLATOONA, which were threatened by the advanceof General French's division of Confederates.At that time General Shermanhad 2,700,000 rations of bread storedat ALLATOONA, and it was considered as a sub-base of supplies,NASHVILLE being his general base.WAVING THE SIGNAL FLAG.The capture of ALLATOONA would have been one of serious disasterto the Federal army, if not, in fact, to the Union cause; hence thealmost incalculable importance of the signals which were sent " throughthe sky" from the station on KENNESAW MOUNTAIN to that onAllatoona Heights.The result is well known. General Corse, with 1,054 men reachedALLATOONA, and re-enforced its garrison of 890 men, before GeneralFrench's division of about 2,000 Confederates arrived and commencedthe attack.On the morning of October 5, 1864, the battle began, and continued until in the afternoon. The Confederates, after a most desperatefight, captured the Federal outer line of works, and almost annihilatedthe detachment holding it. They were unable, however, to securepossession of the redoubts, and, their ammunition giving out, theyretired to join General Hood's army at LOST MOUNTAIN, havingreceived notice, also, of the approach of a heavy force of Federals to the relief of the garrison.

VIEW OF KENNKSAW MOUNTAIN FROM TllK RKDOUHT ON AM.ATOONA HKIGH'I'S.

12 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,From the message, sent by signals* from the summit of KENNESAWMOUNTAIN to Allatoona Heights, and the attending thrilling circumstances, have come the gospel hymn, which is now sung wherever theEnglish language is being used for evangelizing the world :Ho ! my comrades, see the signalWaving in the sky !Re-enforcements now appearing,Victory is nigh!CHORUS " Hold the fort; for I am coming,"Jesus signals still;Wave the answer back to heaven," By thy grace we will."See the glorious banner waving,Hear the bugle blow,In our Leader's name we '11 triumphOver every foe.Fierce and long the battle rages,But our help is near;Onward comes our Great Commander,Cheer, my comrades, cheer!'' The most characteristic memorial of this bloody and famous strugglewhich now salutes the eye of the tourist, as the train darts throughthe deep, fern-lined pass, is a lone grave at its northwestern end,immediately by the track, on the west side. This is the resting-placeof a Confederate soldier, who was buried on the spot where he fell.'' For years past the track-hands of the Western & Atlantic Railroadhave held this grave under their special charge, and made attention toit a sacred duty. Whenever their periodic rounds bring them hither,they see that it is kept clear of rubbish, and that the head and footstonesare firm."A neat marble head-stone has been placed here, on which is the'following inscription :AnUNKNOWN HEROi He died for the causehe thought was right"The climate of MARIETTA is certainly as fine as is to be found inany city of the South. It has been said :'' The most potent influences which determine climate are latitudeor distance from the equator, elevation above the tide, configurationof mountain chains, proximity to the sea, and the direction of theprevailing winds."In all these particulars, the position of MARIETTA is favorable fora temperate and uniform climate. People from Georgia, Carolina,Florida, Alabama and Louisiana need not go North and West insummer time, as they can attain the same results at this elevatedpoint in Georgia ; with the .additional advantage of being within oneday's ride of their homes, should emergency call them back ; and withthe power of coming or going by through morning or night schedules.Regarding the atmosphere, it may be stated that a resident ofMARIETTA, who kept the record during 1879, which was probablyan average year, states that the thermometer only went aboveninety degrees twelve times in the day-time at MARIETTA, and the* An amusing episode occurred while, during the battle, the garrison was tryingto communicate with the signal station on KENNESAW MOUNTAIN. A piece of ashell from tbe Confederate battery struck the staff of the signal flag and knockedit out of the hand of the soldier who was on a stump waving it. He leaped to theground and fled down the north side of the hill, and the Federals saw him nomore. He doubtless ran into the Confederate lines and was captured.

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA.corresponding nights were from twenty to twenty-nine degrees coolerthan the days. The atmosphere in winter shows an average which isvery favorable for health, as shown by the table below."The average temperature for six months, from ,\ovemL/e, toApril, during a period of four years, was as follows : iSys-'jfj, 4 C ^degrees; i^o-'jy, 44 degrees; iS-j-j-'-B, 47^ degrees; iS;S-'7g,44^ degrees. Average temperature for the entire year was as fo!"o\vs :1875, 56^ degrees; 1876, 56^ degrees ; 1877, 57 1-6 degrees ; 1878,degrees 1879, 5?K

I 4 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,In this connection it is worthy of note that on the sides of thefamous KENNESAW MOUNTAIN there is a considerable growth ofcactus, or prickly pear. This shows that the same atmospheric conditions exist at and near MARIETTA as in New Mexico, which is considered the SANITARIUM OF AMERICA for all afflicted with pulmonaryor bronchial diseases, inasmuch as this growth abounds in the territory named. The dry, bracing atmosphere is very exhilarating toinvalids, and has been much resorted to on this account, and is greatlyto be preferred, during the fall and spring months, to the damp, warmair of Florida, and the adjoining region.The question of drainage is of paramount importance, not only tothose in search of a health or pleasure resort, but also to the inhabitants of every place ; and here MARIETTA concedes the palm to noother city or town in the south-east. Sitting upon the hills south ofthe noble KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, she sees flowing forth from withinor bordering the city limits, the headwaters of historic Olleys' andNose's Creeks on the west and south, and the two creeks called by thesame name, Sope's flowing south-east and east. The drainage istherefore all that could be desired, and malaria is impossible.Concerning the other advantages, it may be stated that the roadsare fine, and there are splendid and picturesque drives in almost everydirection from MARIETTA which has good livery stables.The road toward Smyrna is particularly fine. Another favoritedrive is about a half-dozen miles long, all around KENNESAW MOUNTAIN and in the vicinity of the beautiful and historic Noonday Creek.Others might be mentioned which have choice attractions.One of the most valuable attractions of MARIETTA is a fine mineralspring, which is about two miles from the centre of the city. It isvery near the base of KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, and immediately bythe road leading around the mountain, and within fifty yards of theWestern & Atlantic Railroad. It is a strong chalybeate spring.Within about a half mile of this spring there are two others, on theopposite side of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, which have fortheir properties, iron, and the carbonates and chlorides of soda, limeand magnesia.Flowing immediately out of the side of KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, onthe southeast, is also a bold spring, which is strongly impregnatedwith alum.These springs are all within a mile of each other.MARIETTA has exceptionally excellent schools.Harwood Seminary for girls, is beautifully located, and the facultyis first-class. There is likewise a fine school for boys, whose standardis very high. These educational institutions are a great advantage topeople now living in or desiring to move to MARIETTA.By reason of the great reduction in coal rates which the Western& Atlantic Railroad Company has made, for the purpose of buildingup the manufacturing interests on its line, MARIETTA is able to getcoal for steam purposes at about $2.25 per ton delivered.As to hotels, etc., MARIETTA is very well off. One squarefrom the depot is the beautiful Whitlock House. This is in themidst of a little grove of choice trees, with flowers interspersed, and

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA.I5has every advantage which could be desired in the way of elegantrooms, bath rooms on each floor, a fine table, a bowling alley andcroquet grounds, and pure milk from Mr. Whitlock's own dairy. Thisis the best hotel in any small city in the South.The Kennesaw House, immediately on the line of the Western £Atlantic Railroad, and fronting the depot, is kept by P. S. Shelman& Co., in a style which must be pleasing to the tourist and sojourner.

i6SCENES ABOUT MARIETTAThere are also several splendid boarding houses in MARIETTA, among\\hich maybe named those kept by Mrs. M. J. Wright, Mr. L. S. Cox,and Mrs. J. II. Klliott. These are all places of elegant entertainment.It is no disparagement to the excellent hostelries and other placesof entertainment above mentioned to say that MARIETTA is probabKthe best point in the south for building a fine, large, nt-\v hotel.A SOUTHERN HOME OF THE OLD STVI.E.The tide of travel has set in from all over America towards MAKI-KTTA, and with the unexcelled facilities for getting there, and itsunequaled advantages as to climate and scenery and proximity to alarge city, with none of its inconveniences, MARIETTA certainly canclaim to be almost without a rival.Its superiority in this respect above all other excursion points consists in the fact that it is practically an all-the-year-round resort. In

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA. ijthe fall, winter and spring, it is filled with the best class of northerntourists ; and in the summer it is taxed to accommodate the very bestand most cultured society of the southeast, who leave their homes tospend the hot months at some point where health and pleasure can becombined.MARIETTA also has Baptist, Episcopal, Methodist and Presbyterianchurches for the white population, also good churches for the colored.These are supplied with pastors of fair ability.The bar of the city is unusually fine, and includes lawyers ofestablished and wide-spread reputation.There are drug stores here, and in addition to several physiciansthere are two splendid dentists.MARIETTA has a flourishing telephone exchange, which, besides thelocal patronage, is connected with ATLANTA and the new station,ELIZABETH.One of the most prosperous institutions in MARIETTA is theMarietta Library Association. This was organized during the summer of 1883, and has steadily grown in popularity. It has aNATIONAL CEMETERY GATE.library numbering nearly one thousand volumes, also a number ofnewspapers, periodicals, etc., in rooms of which a larger city mightwell be proud. These are warm and pleasant, well lighted andventilated ; and a hearty welcome is extended to all visitors.The membership is not limited to citizens of MARIETTA. In fact,special arrangements have been made for visitors, who may receivethe full benefit of the library, at rate of 50 cents for one month, or$1.00 per quarter.The library hall is centrally located, and open daily, except Sundays. The institution is under the management of a Board of

i8SCEATES ABOUT MARIETTA,Directors, consisting of representatives of the best ladies and gentlemen of MARIETTA, and members and visitors may always be assuredof finding not only a high class of reading matter, including thelatest works in fiction, travel, science and general literature, but alsoof a social welcome especially pleasing.There are also numerous elegant dwelling-houses in the city ; andthe oak groves in front of and around some of these are of rare beautyand very attractive.r On the northeast side of the city is the National Cemetery, whichcovers nearly thirty acres. The United States Government has spent

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA. 19many thousands of dollars in decorating it, until it now presents avery imposing appearance. The front entrance was erected at a costof some five thousand dollars, and is massive and tasty. Within theinclosure are the remains of 10,132 Federal soldiers, who marchedwith Sherman and died for the Union.In the southern part of the city, and immediately by the Western &Atlantic Railroad, is the Confederate cemetery, in which about thirtyfivehundred, who wore the grey, are interred. Not being under theprotecting care of a government (that for which they fought, likethemselves having passed away), their graves have not been as wellcared for as those in the other cemetery. But as has been said of theoccupants of the two, " They both have answered the last roll-call,and will only appear again when the final reveille shall sound."Just one square from the Western & Atlantic Railroad depot isthe CITY PARK, which is the pride of the MARIETTA people, andjustly so. Here the.local brass band gives afternoon concerts.Every well regulated and ambitious city has at least one suburb,and MARIETTA is not left behind in this respect. The AmericanMarble Company has recently completed an extensive marble mill ata point nearly two miles north of MARIETTA, immediately on the lineof the Western & Atlantic Railroad and almost at the base of thefamous KENNESAW MOUNTAIN. The main building of this factoryis over four hundred feet long and forty-seven feet wide. The enginehouse,which is of brick, with marble facings, is sixty feet long byforty feet wide. The chimney is one hundred and twenty-six feethigh. The company owns about one hundred and sixty acres of landat this point. Of course, the dwelling-houses of the employes, etc.,will be built around this, and, inasmuch as the Western & AtlanticRailroad Company have here put down extensive side-tracks, andhave in contemplation all the necessary arrangements for conductingbusiness with this company immediately at their mill, it becamenecessary that a new station should be opened here; and this has been'named " ELIZABETH," in compliment to the estimable wife of Senator Joseph E. Brown, who (the Senator) as Governor, when theroad was under control of the State, or as President of the companysince it was leased, has been connected with this road directly orindirectly for over twenty-two years.The town of ELIZABETH is at present in an inchoate state; butthe operatives' houses are under contract, the streets are laid out andbeing macadamized with marble, and doubtless before another yearrolls around will present a very lively appearance, and will enjoythe distinction of being one of the principal marble shipping pointsin America. There is also talk of the erection of a splendid hotelat this point by a body of influential capitalists.ELIZABETH is also a point of junction of the Western & Atlanticand the Marietta & North Georgia Railroads, the latter having builta spur from their line (which terminates at MARIETTA) to the American Marble Company's factory, which is on the Western & Atlanticline at ELIZABETH.The extensive shipments of rough marble from the quarries atTate, Ga., to the factory, are delivered here, and, after being wrought

20 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,into shape by the wonderful new patent machinery of the company,are shipped to various points via the Western & Atlantic Railroad.The long piles of huge marble blocks (some weighing more thantwenty tons each) by the side of the factory are of interest to touristspassing over the Western & Atlantic, and many visitors at MARIETTAgo up to ELIZABETH to observe the admirable work of the marbledressingmachinery.One of the greatest attractions which MARIETTA possesses is herproximity to the far-famed KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, around the eastern base of which the Western & Atlantic Railroad runs, hardly morethan two miles north of MARIETTA.KENNESAW MOUNTAIN rears its two lofty wood-fringed peaksvery prominently above the surrounding hill-country. The higherof the two is nearer the Western & Atlantic line, and its extremealtitude is 1,809 feet above the sea level. From the summit, of

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA. 21course, a most charming view of the city of MARIETTA can beenjoyed, and, on a clear day, houses in the city of Atlanta, which isprobably less than twenty miles distant, in an air line, can be easilyseen. It has been in contemplation to erect a tower on the crest ofthis mountain ; in this event it will become quite a resort for sightseers. From the Western & Atlantic side the ascent is gradual, andit is practicable to open a road for carriages to ascend to the summit.From this mountain " THE GREAT KENNESAW ROUTE," which issynonymous with the Western & Atlantic Railroad, received its title.Besides this fact, KENNESAW MOUNTAIN is famed in American annalsas being the scene of some of the fiercest and most bloody fightingduring the great Civil War.In this vicinity for twenty-six days, Sherman's and Johnston's armiesconfronted each other, during which, in General Johnston's language :" Besides the incessant musketry of skirmishers, the Confederatetroops had to endure an almost uninterrupted cannonade and toendure without returning it; for their supply of artillery ammunitionwas so inadequate that their batteries could be used only to repelassaults, or in serious engagements."From the summits of KENNESAW can be seen the thickly-wooded,rolling country, wherein for nearly a month the two contending hostsfaced and fought.«-« J Wi@PPPMARIETTAAND VICINITY.V4 0 1 < MILES.Westward, some ten miles, is New Hope Church, where, on May25, 1864, occurred a desperate struggle between Hooker's corps andStewart's division, in which the former sustained a bloody repulse.Near this point also, on May 26, occurred a very hot cavalryfight, between Avery's regiment of Georgia cavalry and a large body

aiiiiiu jMiruy . ——/ j&* ^^ ^ iJ rf«as,2fi;a8,is64,rlTiiirn.Vfina iMAP OFARMY OPERATIONSATLANTA CAMPAIGNBETWEENKINGSTON AND ATLANTASCALE OF STATUTE MILES.» * »4/1 MILES TO THE INCHM»TTHEWi. NORTHRUP A CO., ENGRAVtBS, BUTALO. « ».

24 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA.of Federal cavalry, and, although largely outnumbered, and badlywounded, Col. Avery, General Johnston says, " maintained' !the position until the arrival of forces capable of holding the ground."From this elevation can also be observed the battlefield of Picketfs,» Mill, or, as it also is sometimes called, New Hope Church, which is"' about ten miles northwest of KEN'NESAW MOUNTAIN, and about the.1 same distance west of Acworth, near Pickett's Mill.At this point, on May 27, was a very fierce and sanguinary combatbetween Cleburne's division and Howard's corps, which resulted inthe defeat of the Union forces.KENNESAw, Pine, and Lost Mountains the latter being about sixmiles west of KENNESAW, and Pine Mountain being northward ofboth form a triangle, where Johnston had taken his defensiveposition. The intervening country is rough and very woody.On Pine Mountain, on June 14, 1864, the Confederate Lieutenant-General Polk was killed by an artillery shot. Gen. Sherman hadobserved a little group of officers, as he correctly supposed, near thesummit of that mountain, and ordered the commander of one of hisbatteries to fire upon and disperse them. General Polk was struckin the breast by an unexploded shell and killed.On June 15, Johnston abandoned Pine Mountain, and on thei6th, Lost Mountain, in order to better concentrate his forces.Sherman's constant flank movements caused several changes inJohnston's position; which, the latter says, "was a very hazardousone," and gave rise to daily combats, some of considerable importance.In all of these changes of position, Johnston held fast to KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, it first covering his extreme right, but graduallybecoming the pivot around which his lines swung westward and southwestward,and finally, to meet the prolongation of Sherman's right,. extending several miles due south, parallel to the Western & AtlanticRailroad, to reach which and protect which were the rival aims of thetwo great commanders.The following beautiful extracts from an article in the AtlantaDaily Intelligencer^ June 23, 1864, give an idea of the thrilling interest of the warlike vision which was then exhibited from the toweringcrests of KENNESAW :" One of the most magnificent views to be seen on earth is the sceneexhibited from the summit of the KENNESAW MOUNTAIN. From itsbase a valley on all sides spreads off in billowy-like surfaces, rollinghigher and higher until it is lost on the south on the blue outline of the, southeastern spur of the Alleghanies, on whose crests the white Kne of| houses and occasional spires of Atlanta are plainly visible. Southward,! beyond that regular line, a smooth, blue cone lifts its head high aboveall the ridges within view, and overlooks the eminences of all the; country. It is Stone Mountain, that barren hill and wonderftil curiosity' that arises like a huge loaf, and, though over twenty miles south of the. crest where Atlanta rests in her beauty, it seems as though it was ahelmet sitting on the brow of this giant ridge.i " Eastward, and but a few miles from the base of the KENNESAW,; the lovely village of MARIETTA gleams out from amid the luxuriantfoliage which embowers it like an emerald setting woven in a cluster' of diamonds. In its desolation it remains beautiful. Its arbored shadeslook as inviting as when the exquisite forms of beauty and th£ "attractive eyes of lovely and loved women, and elegant people charmed ..he

VIEW FROM KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, WITH AI.I.ATOONA MOUNTAINS IN THE DISTANCE

T26 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,1visitor to remain and luxuriate amid its endearments. The defacingtouch and destroying presence of an army are evident on its face. Itscitizens gone, its magnificent homes deserted, its regal residencesdesolate, its church bells quiet, its halls abandoned and its musicsilenced, it remains but a warlike citadel on the plain. The echoes ofwar, the fitful signal of the clanging, spurred dragoons, the challengeof the sentry, the snort of the war-horse, the shrieks of the steamengines, the rumbling of trains of cars and long lines of wagons, andthe shouts of teamsters and workmen, swell aloud on the air at intervals, and then the oppressive silence becomes more intolerable thanthe noise was before. The destructive finger of war is laid on thevillage, but it remains beautiful in its ruins. North-eastward fromthe slope of the mountain the billowy hills wave into the dim, mistyoutline of the crests whose thin blue brows stretch to the Catskills onthe Hudson. The Blue Ridge, with all its strange contour and fantastic outlines, fades before us into a cloud, and into the impenetrable depths where even distance does not' lend enchantment to theview,' by robing the ' mountain in its azure hue.'" Brush Mountain casts up its shaggy head before us, and like thehump of a camel sits a ragged monster barrier, on whose sloping facean army defends the pathways that lead to the goal of our enemy'sambition. At its feet a smiling, peaceful valley shows its fair face,and, laughing in the sunlight, its green fields and treasured homesreflect back the scorching rays of the bright sun, shining like the glorious gems that they are to the husbandman. Far off to the northward their bosoms are bared to grow the wealth that fills our granaries and storehouses with their golden grain. The limit is boundedby the hills along the Etowah. Skirting the horizon, their brokenbacks are misty and dim. Sometimes a dull red or barren sandy spoton the iron hills gleams out on their sides or summits." To the north and westward the fertile country presents a repetitionof hills and valleys that are studded with the beautiful farms ofplanters, whose homes awhile since were busy hives of industry, andwhere peaceful sounds of pastoral life only broke on the ear." The great red banks of the Western & Atlantic Railroad wind likethe tortuous curvings of a huge snake along over the surface hereon an enormous bank, there through a deep cut. It winds back andforth, binding the mountains and valleys with links of iron, andtransports the treasures of the caverns on the Tennessee on its surface for the necessities and luxuries of a people hundreds of miles tothe southward." Away over the tops of the peaked hills at Allatoona, the dim outlines of the ranges of hills along the Etowah and Oostanaula float inthe mists of the quivering sunlight. We almost seem to see, bounding the horizon, and shutting off the view, the exquisitely beautiful andgracefully curved outlines of Lookout Mountain." The sparkling, glassy curves of Noonday Creek glitter in the sun'srays. But to-day, instead of the fairies that once sported beneath thesilver sheen of the moon's soft rays, armed men make night hideouswith their brawls, their hoarse challenges, and the quick, sharp shotof their deadly rifles.'' Off to the left, nearly in the track of the setting sun, Pine Mountain shows its sombre sides. Almost dark with the perennial verdureof its foliage, its cypress gloom frowns down black as a funeral pall.It mourns that a deed of blood and crime was done on its crown.There it stands, and forever will remain a monument for legends andhistory, to tell that a noble Christian, a gallant warrior, a great champion, and a loved man died in battle at the hands of our enemy. ThereGeneral Leonidas Polk, the great bishop, the great general, waskilled. Even our enemies cannot rejoice over the horrid deed. Ourcountry mourns his loss. History will weave about his crosier, hissword and his tomb, and entwine with the chaplet that adorns hismemory, his many virtues and his glorious, gallant deeds." South of the dark mountain a black antf gloomy forest presents its.

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA. 27interminable and intricate labyrinths of trees. They are overlookedby Lost Mountain, which stands grim and frowning like a huge grizzlymonarch of the olden time. The very air of antiquity seems to hangover it, and though a wonderful curiosity, a monstrous freak ofnature's fantastic humor, yet it stands a forbidding sentinel and landmark to the hundred hills around.DEATH OF GENERAL POLK." South and west are the bloody depths about New Hope Church andDallas. Eastward are the yet ghostlier places of sepulchre aboutGilgal, and beyond the base of Little Kennesaw are seen the mazesof the dark and bloody grounds where battle has made fearful andhorrid marks.'' Over the whole valley surrounding the base of KENXESAW the artsand appliances of war have displaced the humbler work of the husbandman. Interminable lengths of earthworks and forts, parallelsand approaches, defenses and advance lines, batteries and musketsand warrior foes cover the land. Thousands of white spots declarethe tented field. The deep-mouthed bellowing of brazen cannon, thechopping sound of the picket shots, volleys of opposing musketry,shouts of infuriated men, the yells of advancing foes, the neighing ofthe war steeds, the bray of mules, the shrill blasts of trumpets, theroars of mimic thunder, answering the furious bursts of the battlestorm, the charge, the broken retreat, the cheer of the victors allecho up to our perch on the crown of the giant that sits serenewhere no political tempest, no national convulsion or continental earthquake can shake its philosophic calm or its granite foundation. The smoke of battle rises thick and in fetidvolumes. Hundreds of souls, the manes of the dead, are floating tothe skies on that sulphurous vapor, and its incense arises from thosebattle-field altars of sacrifice, and the sun hides its face behind thewhite cloud, but tints the attenuated sheet with gorgeous colors.Deep brown and red edges shade the purple mists, and faint patchesof blue open like gateways to the fair and glorious heaven beyond.

1 28 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,'' The battle still rages and roars its puny thunder-strokes against thebattlement that stretches its rocky crest far up into God's own brightsky. A violet glory rests over the western horizon. Dim stretches ofgold radiate from the far-off mountains to the o'erarching zenith,crimson spots paint and mottle the dim sapphire glow that casts its1 glorious mantle over the earth. The gorgeous scene slowly faintsaway beneath the sun's dying rays. 'Tis sunset.'' Twilight comes on apace, and night. Then the moon glides up1 the sky and over the mountain, and looks down on a scene of blood,where proud mortals cast the lives and pride of a province away. Itcoldly frowns on the battle-field. It sadly smiles on KENXESAW."Of the assumption of Johnston's last line of defense, the FederalGeneral, Cox, writes:" The key of tfie new Confederate line was KENNESAW MOUNTAIN,which is the summit of the watershed, and whose wood-covered sides,breaking down into deep ravines, made an impregnable military position, whilst its summit, overlooking the country in all directions,: made concealment of movements on Sherman's part next to impossible."From " The Mountain Campaigns in Georgia, or War Scenes onthe W. &* A." the following extracts of events occurring about that\ time will be of interest:; " The Federal army, during this same period, was making constantextensions southward, which forced corresponding movements by theConfederates.v " Hood's corps was transferred from the Confederate right to theirextreme left; and Johnston ordered Hood to endeavor to prevent any; progress of Sherman's right toward the railroad, the latter and the' - Confederate entrenchments being nearly parallel, and scarcely morethan three miles apart. General Johnston says : ' Our position, conjsequently, was a very hazardous one.'i " During this same period the Confederates were placing batteriesi upon the twin crests of the KENNESAW MOUNTAIN. Big Kennesaw,the higher of the two, runs up into a peak about six or seven hundred' feet above the surrounding country, affording room for only a fewJ guns. Little Kennesaw, on the contrary, consists of a commandingridge, extending for from seven hundred to a thousand feet, beforethe descent begins at each end ; and is a magnificent position forartillery. General French, whose division covered this ridge, onabout the 2oth of the month, planted twenty guns upon it. Theroad leading to the crest being difficult of ascent, and exposed to thefire of the Federal batteries on the neighboring heights, the Confederiates, after some search, found a route behind the mountain, up whichthey dragged the guns by ropes (prolongues). This labor was undertaken late in the evening, and continued through the night, and, bydaylight next morning, Guibor's and Ward's batteries were planted onLittle Kennesaw, behind strongly constructed works. Hoskins's battery was also placed on the descending slope of the western end of| the ridge, to command the approaches to the infantry line fartherdown. The timber growth on the mountain concealed these from thei view of the Federals.i "On the morning of the 22d, a furious bombardment was opened! from these batteries, upon the Federal camps and entrenchments, in! the fields and forests below, which compelled a disorderly retreat tothe rear by the wagon trains, etc., and greatly annoyed the forcesj manning the breastworks. Towards night the Confederates openedthese guns again upon their enemy; and at n p. M. the bombard-I ment was renewed. In the darkness this is said-to have presented amagnificent spectacle to those on the surrounding hills and valleys,j the flashes of light, and the glare on the rising clouds of smoke, seeming to crown the lordly mountain with a tiara of fire.

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA. 29" Within tl.e next day or so, General Sherman, it is stated, brought120 guns to bear against this position, which number was increasedlater to 140. From these, the bombardment of the batteries on thecrest of the mountain is said to have been terrific, and to have virtually silenced the Confederate guns. ' The top of the ridge was covered with trees and limbs felled by the shells. Thousands of thesepassed high over the mountain, exploding in the air ; or, falling inthe fore>t. spread destruction almost amid the very suburbs ofMARIETTA."riPLANTING THE GUNS ON KENNESAW.The Confederate General French, whose division held little Kennesaw,thus described the situation at that time, in his diary :" From the top of the mountain the vast panorama is ever changing. There are now large trains to the left of Lost Mountain and atBig Shanty, and wagons are moving to and fro everywhere. Encampments of hospitals, quartermasters, commissaries, cavalry andinfantry whiten the plain here and there as far as the eye can reach:

SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA.Our side of the line looks narrow, poor and lifeless, with but littlecanvas in spots that contrasts with the green foliage." The usual flank extension is going on. Troops on both sides1 move to left, and now the blue smoke of the musket discloses the' line by day trending away, far away, south toward the Chattahoochee,' and by night it is marked, at times, by the red glow of the artillery,'. amidst the spark-like flash of small arms that look in the distance like'' innumerable fire-flies."* ' On June 20, east of the railroad, opposite KENNESAW MOUNTAIN,was fought the most considerable cavalry fight of the campaign. TheFederals were defeated by Wheeler, losing two standards, etc.On the 22d of June occurred the battle of Kulp's Farm, nearly fourj miles south of KENNESAW, in which the Confederates were defeated.*, General Sherman says in one of his dispatches:! " The whole country is one vast fort, and Johnston must have atleast fifty miles of connected trenches with abatis and finishedbatteries. .... Our lines are now in close contact, and the fightingis incessant, with a good deal of artillery fire. As fast as we gainj one position, the enemy has another all ready ; but I think he willi soon have to let go KENNESAW, which is the key to the whole country."j General Sherman further says that on the 24th and 25th of June,! he extended his right as far as prudent, so as t'o compel Johnston:| "to thin out his lines correspondingly, with the intention to make)' two strong assaults at points where success would give us (the Union* : army) the greatest advantage."!,i He.adds, that he thought that if he could break Johnston's long:] line at any point, and thrust in a strong head of column, he could cut*' Johnston's army in two, and thus force him to evacuate this position ;>' and doubtless, as he considered it, with great disaster to the;. Confederates.The 27th of June was the day fixed for the assault. Sherman adds :tj "About 9 A. M. of the day appointed, the troops moved to the* 1 assault, and all along our lines for ten miles a furious fire of artilleryj and musketry was kept up. At all points the enemy met us with; determined courage, and in great force. McPherson's attackingcolumn fought up the face of the lesser KENNESAW ; but could notreach the summit. ... By 11 : 30 the assault was in fact over, andhad failed. We had not broken the rebel line at either point, but ourassaulting columns held their ground within a few yards of the rebeltrenches, and there covered themselves with parapet."Such is substantially General Sherman's brief description of thisbattle, as beheld from the Federal standpoint., Taking ourselves back, however, to the day of the great struggle,and viewing it from the summit of KENNESAW, it is stated by thosewho participated in it, as having presented one of the grandest scenes'' which the page of war unfolds.Here, beginning among the hills east of KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, andrunning westward to and across the Western & Atlantic Railroad,and up the ridge to the summit; thence, around the front side| just below the top of each peak and descending to the base of thelesser KENNESAW ; thence ; turning southward, and extending throughthe rolling country for some five miles or more, was the Confederateline of entrenchments.On the two crests of the mountain the Confederates had batteries,^ which could overlook the Whole field, and interspersed along the line,

KKNNKSAW MOPNTAIX—I?ROM THK SoHTIIKAST.

3 2 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,particularly that part of the position southwest of the mountain, wasalso a number of pieces of artillery. Behind these lengthy earthworksrested about fifty-five thousand Confederate troops, not only fearless,but eager for the approaching battle.In front of this line of defense, which was almost ten miles long,General Sherman had marshalled nearly one hundred thousand of thefinest soldiers in America.• Of their bravery, their fortitude, and their willingness to seal their| convictions with their blood, there need not, at this late day, be any; controversy. It may be truthfully asserted that there was not, duringithe entire war, a finer army sent into the field by the Federal Government than this magnificent array, which on the 27th day of June,: 1864, moved forward to wrest KENNESAW MOUNTAIN and MARIETTAfrom General Johnston's army, if it lay in the power of brave mento do it.The early morning found them massing in heavy force at all pointsalong the line, and at nine o'clock the battle began in earnest.From two hundred and fifty cannon on Sherman's side therepoured forth a terrific bombardment upon the Confederate position.This was replied to, to a moderate degree, by the Confederate batteries, although they, to some extent, held their fire for the closerwork which was to come.Now, through the thick woods approached the serried columns,several lines deep. It was an awe-inspiring sight as they moved forward over hill and dale, toward the grand point of attack. It was notlong before this tide of valor swept forward within range of the smallarms behind the Confederate entrenchments; and now almost arlalong the line the curling smoke and the rattle of musketry began tomake the forests and hillsides ring.From the advancing hosts defiance went back in volley after volley,and still onward and onward came the rush.At all points there were exhibited the varied terrors of carnage, thethrilling scenes of war ; and as prominent as the roar of cannon andthe rattle of small arms arose the " huzzas" of the undaunted assailants and the wild " rebel yell" from behind the entrenchments.One of the most picturesque and majestic features of the entirebattle was the bombardment of the approaching columns by the Confederate batteries on the twin crests of KENNESAW MOUNTAIN.Those on LITTLE KENNESAW hurled a fearful tempest of destruction and dismay among the several corps of the Army of the Tennessee, which, with the most audacious heroism assaulted the Confederate position on the mountain itself, and of the Army of theCumberland, which made its determined and furious assault upon theworks south of the mountain, which were held by the divisions ofWalker, Bate, Cleburne and Cheatham.So continuous and rapid was this bombardment'' that the mountainseemed literally on fire ; and the murky clouds of smoke, envelopingits summit, and rising majestically toward the heavens, combined withthe tumultuous roar from their midst, presented in terrific grandeur,the veritable appearance of a volcanic eruption."

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA.From the batteries on BIG KEXXESAW shells and solid shot flew clearacross the Western & Atlantic Railroad, enfilading a portion of theFederal line in its desperate and persistent assault upon Featherston'sdivision, whose entrenchments ran across the railroad just north of thepresent station, ELIZABETH. They also dropped shells, grape aridcanister among Blair's lines, which faced the great mountain, andLogan's, which assaulted LITTLE KEXNESAW.It may be pardonable to here remark that Blair afterwards ran forVice-President of the United States ; and so did Logan,'later on.Was KEXNESAW MOUNTAIN the &?A? noire of their ambitions ?Were this the age of fable it might be said that the Spirit of theimperial mountain, incensed at the presumptive pride of those whoaudaciously attempted to storm the stronghold of his power and glory,with terrific fury hurled them back, bleeding and discomfited ; andeven afterwards, in his avenging wrath over the hurt they had done tohis defenders and the children of his love, followed them to defeat thedearest wishes of their souls.33GENERAL P. R. CLEBURXE.But there was one part of the Confederate line which did not sharein the tumult and fierce resistance which was everywhere else apparent.This was the portion held by the division of Major-General Cleburne,or, as all the Southern people know him, "Pat Cleburne." It hasbeen said of Cleburne that he was the only man in the Confederatearmy who could absolutely control his men and make them hold theirfire until he was ready for it to be delivered. On the day of this battle.

BATTLE OF KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, ON LINE OF W. & A. R. R., NEAR MARIETTA, GA., JUNE 2"J, 1864.

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA. 35when the Federal advance began, it is stated that he said to his troopsthat he would hold any man personally responsible who would darefire a gun until the Federal line reached the abatis before his works.This was the explanation of the ominous silence all along that portionof the breastworks held by his force. Probably the effect of this canbest be shown by repeating the words of a Federal Colonel, who wascaptured in this battle, and who described it the next day. Said he :" It was the most severe ordeal which my nervous system has everundergone. When we began the advance, we naturally expected thatthe artillery would open upon us as soon as we got within range ; andthat, having swept forward until we were in reach of the fire of musketry, that would begin to open upon us also." I had been through so much of this that I had ceased to fear it,and always relied on the excitement of the occasion carrying me forward ; but here we ran for some two hundred yards or more and therewas not a cannon shot. Another hundred yards, and still no explosionof bombshell, or anything of the kind ! I now began to feel a littlestrange. Another hundred yards, and still no sign of life, and mynervousness began to give place to a desire to halt. Another hundredyards, and we were certainly within range of musketry ; but still therewas not one sign of life in the entrenchments in front of us ; nothingto give cause for apprehension, apparently, except the waving of theConfederate flags above the works, as a light wind blew." Now, over me began to come a mortal feeling of dread ; a feelingwhich I never had before, and which I can scarcely describe. I wouldhave turned and fled but for the fear of disgrace which was strongereven than the horror of death; but I knew what was coming, anddetermined by my example to inspire my men to brave it, no matterhow terrible it was.1 ' At length we were within scarcely more than twenty yards of theentrenchments, when from all along the line protruded forth, beneaththe head-logs, scores and hundreds of muskets. I could see them asI gave a quick glance down the whole front, and those immediatelybefore me, particularly, seemed slightly waving from side to side.There was no mistaking it. I knew that every holder of a musket waspicking out his man." This continued but for a few moments, when above all other sounds,distinct and clear, I heard the command given, ' Now, MEN, FIRE !'" Instantly, from along the entire line, there seemed like a lightningflash, to burst forth a sheet of flame and smoke. I was struck, andfell senseless for an instant; but when I recovered myself and turnedto look there seemed to be scarcely seven men in my entire regimenton their feet."Then the fury of the combat arose above every other sight orsound. The whole forest and mountain seemed to be on fire. Therewas no army in the world that could have stood before it!"As an evidence of the correctness of this description, it may be statedthat after the battle the Confederates picked up in front of Cleburne'sline 1,002 dead and wounded Federals.The fighting at the line of defense extending for four miles throughthe level country south of KENNESAW MOUNTAIN and west of MARIETTA was furious in the extreme ; and it required the most heroic exertions of the Confederates to repel the determined assaults which weremade with such desperate bravery by more than twice their numberupon this line, as well as upon the lesser KENNESAW.The Federal troops had been repulsed after a most superhumaneffort to carry the Confederate position, and for a moment it seemedthat the only recourse was to hastily retire ; but under the leadership of the gallant General Harker they attempted to renew the assault.

SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,Almost at the very parapet, however, Harker fell, mortallywounded, and the whole line was swept back by the terrific storm ofbullets which was poured into their faces.. At one or two points thecharging columns pressed forward to the very ditches before thebreastworks, and some of their dead were found against the worksthemselves.1 ' In the midst of the mel/eattending this last dash, aUnited States flag was plantedon Cheatham's works. AConfederate captain instantlysprang to the top to gain possession of this. The Federalcolor-bearer faced him bravely,and a hand-to-hand struggleensued between the two overthe flag, which resulted in theTennessean's being shot deadby his antagonist. But the nextinstant a dozen bullets, firedfrom within the entrenchments,riddled the intrepid colorbearer,and he fell, slain, withhis hand tightly clasped aroundthe staff of the banner he haddefended so well; but whichnow became the trophy of theexultant Confederates."At Walker's works, immediately south of the mountain,an exciting episode of the battleoccurred when a schrapnel shotwith a smoking fuse passed under the headlog and fell among themen in the ditch. A stampede instantly commenced, in the midst ofwhich a Georgia sergeant leaped forward, seized the projectile, andthrew it out of the trenches, where the explosion did no harm."There were numerous acts of individual daring on both sides whichmade this struggle long to be remembered by the soldiers of thetwo armies.General French, who surveyed the struggle from the crest of KEN-NESAW MOUNTAIN, says of it:"We sat there, perhaps an hour, enjoying a bird's-eye view of oneof the most magnificent sights ever allotted to man — to look downupon a hundred and fifty thousand men arrayed in the strife of battleon the plain below. As the infantry closed in, the blue smoke of themusket marked out our line for miles, while over it rose in cumulilikeclouds the white smoke of the artillery. Through the rifts ofsmoke, or, as it was wafted aside by the wind, we could see theassault made on Cheatham, and there the struggle was hard, andthere it lasted longest. So many guns were trained on those by ourside, and so incessant was the roar of cannon and the sharp explosionof shells, that naught else could be heard. .... The battle,in its entirety, became a pageantry on a grand scale, and barren ofresults, because the attacking columns were too small in numbers,considering the character of the troops they knew they wouldencounter."Without viewing further this dread panorama of war which wasexhibited before the heights of KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, we will onlyadd that the Confederate loss in this, the greatest battle of the

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA.37OBSERVATION ROCK.campaign, was 808 ; the Federal loss running up into the thousands.This battle will always stand forth as one of the most notable of thegreat Civil War, the advantages of position on one hand being fullymatched by those in point of numbers on the other ; and as an exhibition of the valor of American soldiery will ever hold a prominentposition on the page of fame.Regarding the period before and after this date, General Shermansays:'' These losses fromJune ist to July 3dwere all substantiallysustained about KEN-NESAW and MARIETTA, and it was reallya continuous battlelasting from the lothday of June till the3d of July, when therebel army fell backfrom MARIETTA toward the ChattahoocheeRiver."The hill-sidesaround and in themidst of the mountaintriangle near MARIETTA were seamed THE RIFLE-PITS BEFORE KENNESAW, JUXE, 1864.

38 SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA,with entrenchments or honeycombed with rifle-pits. The thick woodsand undergrowth added obscurity and confusion to the movements oflarge bodies of troops.This natural fortress in front of the little city of MARIETTA fornearly a month Sherman attempted to wrest by main force fromJohnston, but at length gave up the endeavor, and with his grandarmy swung around to the southwest, and, on July 3d, so imperiledJohnston's communications with Atlanta, that he compelled him toretire toward the Chattahoochee River.The tourist of the present day who stops at MARIETTA can withouttrouble trace the lines of entrenchments on and before the mountain, and upon almost every hill can notice the rifle-pits which were,during the month of June, 1864, occupied by the opposing sharpshooters. ________________MARIETTA.THE BEST CLIMATE IN THE SOUTH.At the meeting of the Kings County Medical Society in Brooklyn,N. Y., November, 1883, DR. P. R. CORTELYOU, of MARIETTA, Ga., anold member of the society, being present, was called upon to relate hisexperience in regard to the climate of Georgia as a place of residence for persons affected with pulmonary and throat troubles.After narrating to some extent his own affliction in the above respect,and his attempts to find a climate which would afford him relief, andshowing the difficulties which he experienced at one or two pointsfrom dampness, foggy weather, etc., and the .inability to find aclimate where he could obtain refreshing sleep at night, DR. CORTELYOU showed that he had found at MARIETTA the point which hadbrought him relief from general debility and from the pulmonary andthroat affection from which he suffered. He added :" Very many think that because the winters are mild the summersare exceedingly long and hot. The summers are really exceedinglypleasant. We rarely have a temperature above ninety degrees in theshade; and the nights are also very comfortable ; and I don't thinkthere were half a dozen nights during the past summer when I waskept awake on account of the heat, or when I did not need somecovering. Another advantage of that section — I speak especially ofMARIETTA, but many sections in upper Georgia, are fully as favorableas to climate, the conditions are all the same, but we have a littlemore elevation than the other sections — is, the absolute freedomfrom malarial troubles. And further, and this is a point to which Iwish to direct your attention, we are easy of access. I think that isa decided benefit in many cases. I hear a good deal said about NewMexico. Well, when an invalid attempts to go there, away from hisfriends, he has a very tiresome and tedious journey, and the facilities for a comfortable living there are, in many parts of the country,difficult to procure; so that if one requires any special luxuries, it isdifficult to get them.At MARIETTA we are situated convenientlyto ATLANTA, where we can get anything that can be had here ; andpersons located there are certainly very easily reached by friends, ifnecessary; and so they feel that they are not entirely isolated fromtheir friends and families as they are when they go to New Mexicoor even California."COBB COUNTY,of which MARIETTA is the seat of justice, is one of the largest,wealthiest and most prosperous geographical divisions of the State.It was laid off from Cherokee in 1832 and named in honor of Hon.Thomas W. Cobb. • The soil of the county is varied, the bottoms

THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA. 39and some of the hilly lands being very fertile, and but little of it toosterile for successful cultivation. Many metals and minerals., includinggold, silver, copper, iron, lead, etc., have been discovered at differenttimes, and some gold and silver mines have been profitably worked.Agriculture is the main resource and occupation of the people, • butof late years considerable capital has been invested in manufacturesalso. The inhabitants are proverbially law-abiding, temperate andmoral. This is one of the prohibition counties, and the new orderof things has been acquiesced in without a murmur. At the largestfair ever held by the State Agricultural Society at Macon, Cobb boreaway the honors, and was justly called the banner county of Georgia.At this very moment she has no less than seven agricultural districtclubs in successful operation, and much attention is devoted to therearing of fine cattle, sheep and swine. The nicely-worked publicroads also afford substantial evidence of thrift and increasing civilization. Fifteen post-offices afford light and intelligence to the masses.Numerous schools, academies and churches are found in every district, and from the above showing it does seem that Cobb may stillclaim to be at least one of the banner counties of the State. — FromLetter in " Southern World" by Col. H. H.Jones.To the above may be added the statement that one of the verybest regions for dairy farms in the South is found on the "Western &Atlantic Railroad between the Chattahoochee River and MARIETTA.The soil is peculiarly adapted to supplying the requirements of thisbusiness, and the numerous schedules per day afford easy access tothe ATLANTA market.One of the best localities in Georgia for raising strawberries is theelevated plateau lying alongside the railroad between MARIETTA andSMYRNA.Between ATLANTA and BIG SHANTY is also a country unexcelled forgrape culture. On the sides of McRae's Hill, Brush Mountain,KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, and the numerous hills along and near therailroad there might be, and doubtless will be, vineyards whose luscious wealth will be the delight of thousands. In fact, there are nowflourishing vineyards on the sides of KENNESAW MOUNTAIN.COBB COUNTY FOR MANUFACTURERS.There are few counties which are so well adapted to give profitablereturn to manufacturing industries as Cobb. The requisites for thesuccessful conducting of such enterprises are : first, raw material ;second, water or steam power ; third, intelligent population ; fourth,proximity to the consuming section, and fifth, health. All theseCobb county enjoys to a very decided extent.To all who wish to go into the business of manufacturing furniture and other products of lumber, there is furnished a supply of thismaterial which will feel no appreciable contraction for years to come.Among the varieties of wood which are found in Cobb county maybe mentioned the following : Red oak, black oak, post oak, Spanishoak, chestnut oak, blackjack, white ash, blue ash, black ash, poplar,birch, sycamore, hickory, yellow pine, walnut, locust, willow, wildcherry, maple, elm, dogwood, sweetgum, mulberry, persimmon,chestnut, beech, and others.To those who wish to utilize the product of ore, the following varieties offer themselves: Brown hematite iron, iron pyrites, manganese, kaolin, chrome mica, hornblende, graphite, soapstone, specularore, mica, granite, gold ore, gold quartz, quartzite, asbestos, manganese with iron, copper pyrites, schist and blackhead, honeycombquartz, garnets, decomposed feldspar.To the cotton manufacturer Cobb county offers over 12,000 balesper annum.Besides these, the grain crops afford large supplies to milling interests, which are supplemented to a much greater extent by grainbrought from Tennessee and the West.

4o SCENES ABOUT MARIETTA.The water-powers of Cobb county are very fine indeed, and whilesome of them are utilized, yet the tithe has not been reached.In addition to these, the Western & Atlantic Railroad Co. hasreduced the rates on coal for manufacturing purposes to such anextent that Cobb county stations enjoy as cheap coal as Atlanta itself.The population is composed of an intelligent class of people whotake readily to manufacturing industries, and develop rapidly thosewhich are founded on a firm basis.The last material requisite for successful manufacturing Cobbcounty enjoys to a. very unusual extent, Atlanta and the great consuming section being immediately south of and around her ; hence, itis not necessary to elaborate further upon this subject.As to health, this publication elsewhere shows that this county isabove the average.HOW TO GET TO MARIETTA.The Western & Atlantic Railroad Co. has no pecuniary interest inany route by which passengers reach it when bound for MARIETTA ;but desiring to see its patrons put to the least possible annoyance,points out the following as the best lines to take.From the West and Northwest, be sure to see that your ticketreads via both Nashville and Chattanooga, or via the CincinnatiSouthern Railway, and the Western & Atlantic Railroad.From the North and East, see that your ticket reads via Cincinnatior Louisville, Chattanooga, and the Western & Atlantic Railroad."THE FAMOUS WESTERN & ATLANTICRAILROAD."The Western & Atlantic Railroad runs through Palace Sleeping-Cars and through Parlor (chair) Cars, daily, with the N. C. & St. L.Ry., from Nashville to ATLANTA via MARIETTA; and throughPalace and Buffet Sleeping-Cars, daily, with the Cincinnati SouthernRailway (Queen & Crescent Route), from Cincinnati to Jacksonville,Fla., via MARIETTA and ATLANTA.There are Sleeping or Parlor Cars on all through trains of theWestern & Atlantic Railroad.The Western & Atlantic Railroad is the only one in the Southwhich runs FOUR THROUGH PASSENGER TRAINS per day each way.Its service is therefore unrivalled.The Western & Atlantic Railroad is the only one entering ATLANTAfrom the Northwest which lands passengers and makes all connections in the Union Passenger Depot, and thus saves invalids, ladies,and all others, a long and cold omnibus transfer to the hotels or toother railroads.The Western & Atlantic Railroad runs FOURTEEN THROUGH ANDLOCAL PASSENGER TRAINS per day.The Western & Atlantic Railroad is the only one running throughthe beautiful and historic Chickamauga Valley.The Western & Atlantic Railroad has been termed " The HistoricBattle-fields Route of America;" because it runs through or near thefamous battle-fields of Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Chickamauga, Ringgold, Rocky Face, Resaca, New Hope Church, Allatoona,Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta, and more than fifty other minorconflicts at arms which took place during 1863 and 1864.The Western & Atlantic Railroad is the one which General W. T.Sherman says " should be the pride of every true American, becauseby reason of its existence the Union was saved."The Western £ Atlantic Railroad has rock ballast, steel rails andiron bridges.

Time Table-OF-TRAINS GOING SOUTH.NAMES OFSTATIONS.Chattanooga..MARIETTA...Glover's Grove...Richards'........Sibley's..........Concord. .......Barber's CrossingRuffs............Smyrna..........Mclvors. ........Vining's..... ....Gilmore..........Bolton.... ......Hill's Park.......Bellwood ........Belt Crossing....North Avenue....Simpson Street...ATLANTA....enW1 2O12012112.3124125128129132 Yz135%140rn -*"*U K OC,E S oo a cjs-> ! .« be • jaHW r

THEENNKAWKPUTER-R*NUMBER OF MILES FROM MARIETT• TO POINTS NAMED •WITH TIME AND FIRST-CLASS FARE.STATIONS.No. ofHours.Miles. **g£h,*Atlanta ...................tAugusta ...................Athens ....................Aiken, S. C. .................*Albany, Ga. .................tBaltimore ..................tBoston, Mass. ................tBuffalo, N. Y. ................tBrunswick, Ga. .............*CaIlahan, Fla. ................Charleston, S. C. ..............Columbus, Ga. ...............TColumbus, O. ................*Chattanooga .................tChicago ...................Columbia, S. C. ...............( Cleveland, O. ................tDetroit, Mich. .............tEvansville, Ind. ................tFernandina .................tGainesville, Fla. ..............tlndianapolis .................Jacksonville, Fla. ..............tKansasCity .................tLouisville, Ky. ...............tMontgomery ................tMobile ....................*Macon, Ga. .................'Memphis ..................tMilledgeville ................tNew Orleans ................tNew York ..................tOpelika, Ala. ................tPalatka, Fla. ................tPhiladelphia .................Port Royal, S. C. ..............tPittsburgh, Pa. ...............tSt. Augustine, Fla. .............tSt. Louis ...................tThomasville, Ga. ..............tWashington, D. C. .............1. 007.006.008.509.1033-3036.3029.45I7-2516.4014-359.0020.504.4016.3028.3016.2024.1026.2016.302O. IO11.3022.4521.3017-3034-5016.108.4016.105-io22. TO8.00IO.OO21.0536.250-4520.1533-2520.0027.5012.0521. OO23.0012. 2O26.IO201911292072307001,38288338«390329158575I2O4557SI276700717426423253521570416.8644321953751235021552715i59011294728113037683i5452III66 1$0.605-753.806.406.5019.3028.5022.759.00II.OO9.90S-oo16.803-6014-252i.eo8-7521.5022.0016.2512.907-514-75IO.OO11.9025.0012.505.8511.253-313-204-458.15*5-5Q24,603-8514.9022. IO9-652I.OO9.0514.6517-508.25iS.IOBetween Marietta and the points marked thus (*) Through Sleeping-cars ojThrough Day Coaches are run WITHOUT CHANGE.Between Marietta and the points marked thus (t) there is only one changiof cars.Daily excursion rates, Marietta to AUatoona and return, 75 cents.At Allatoona, on the heights overlooking the Western & Atlantic Railroad, wasthe fort to which General Sherman (October 5. 1864), signalled from the summitof KENNESAW MOUNTAIN, " Hold the fort; for I am coming-1" From this messagecomes the favorite gospel hymn.The fort, with cannon, banners and defenders departed, still crowns the famousheights, and in the deep railroad cut, near the unknown soldier's grave, an abundantgrowth of ferns delights the tourist's eye.The round-trip rate, Marietta to Atlanta and return, for parties coming tcAtlanta to attend the theatre, is 50 cents; good only on day of issuance. Theatreparties from Marietta can take return train for Marietta, leaving Atlanta atII.OO P.M.

THE WESTERN & ATLANTICRAILROAD.: GREAT KENNESAW ROUTE. :Running through attractive and historic scenery; through the granary ofGeorgia; through a region of wonderful mineral resources, and one of such equabletemperature as to afford pleasant homes all the year round.LIST OF OFFICERS AND AGENTS.U. S. Senator JOSEPH E. BROWN, President, .... Atlanta, Ga.W. C. MORRILL, Vice-President and Treasurer, ...R. A. ANDERSON, General Superintendent, ....Jos. M. BROWN, General Freight, Passenger and Ticket Agent,JAMES L. DICKEY, Assistant General Freight Agent,ALTON ANGIER, Assistant General Passenger and Ticket Agent,JULIUS L. BROWN, General Counsel, .....CHAS. E. HARMAN, General Western Agent, 131 Vine St., .FRANK E. DRAKE, General Southwestern Agent, .THOS. McGiLL, General Northwestern Agent, 79 Clark St.,T. T. HOSFORD, General Traveling Passenger Agent, 79 Clark StJ. P. BECKWITH, Florida Agent, 58 West Bay St.,W. H. LIXAS, Florida Passenger Agent, 58 West Bay St.,W. H. TREZEVANT, General Southern Agent,T. E. B. LOVE, Soliciting Agent.S. L. ROGERS, Passenger Agent,JAMES MALOY, Passenger Agent,CHAS. B. WALKER, Traveling Passenger Age:JAS. A. ADAIR, Ticket Agent, .J. H. BOSTON, Agent.Cincinnati, O.Cansas City, Mo.Chicago, III.Jacksonville, Fla,LIBRA* Jilt

BIQ SHANTY(Kennetaw P\O.)ottte, June 3dConcordH33 above SeaHarbours CrossingB, BafUefaily OOfr, fSSJlT^Si& I £^MARIETTA,THE GEM CITY OF GEORGIA.WESTERN A ATLANTIC RAILROAD.Simtjsc>fi 1ATLANTAtSatHe, July sath, /S&t)