Libro Blanco Vol I en Ingles
Libro Blanco Vol I en Ingles
Libro Blanco Vol I en Ingles
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TOWARDS A NATIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR COMPETITIVENESSVOLUME 1Greater flexibility in the formation of human capital is required, including intermediate levels, which Chile does not have today.In addition to this, there is the need to <strong>en</strong>sure quality and trust in that quality. It is necessary to id<strong>en</strong>tify the human capitalcharacteristics required and homog<strong>en</strong>ize the measurem<strong>en</strong>t criteria, thus contributing to making the acquired compet<strong>en</strong>cies demonstrableand reducing the asymmetries of information, for example, betwe<strong>en</strong> the education c<strong>en</strong>tres and the stud<strong>en</strong>ts, and betwe<strong>en</strong> firms and theirworkers. This also allows the formation of human capital to be adapted and harmonised with the curr<strong>en</strong>t and future needs of the country,particularly fostering the compet<strong>en</strong>cies that will be determinant for the developm<strong>en</strong>t of certain strategic sectors.Lastly, investm<strong>en</strong>t in highly specialised human capital produces high returns for the country. Private investm<strong>en</strong>t in the formation ofpostgraduates stud<strong>en</strong>ts faces failures of appropriability and asymmetries of information characteristic of the g<strong>en</strong>eration of knowledge, andtherefore occurs in below-optimal levelsWith respect to sci<strong>en</strong>ce, its developm<strong>en</strong>t needs to be fostered as the basis of innovation and growth, emphasising research that ismore applied to technological developm<strong>en</strong>t or targeted at providing answers to production problems, particularly those linked to thesectors in which we are or should be competitive today, and those in which there is a good relationship betwe<strong>en</strong> their pot<strong>en</strong>tial and theeffort required to develop them.Giv<strong>en</strong> its strategic relevance and the fact that the difficulty of fully appropriating knowledge inhibits private funding for thisactivity, the public system has to develop it.A greater level of sci<strong>en</strong>tific activity increases the capacity to appropriate knowledge produced by others. For this, the g<strong>en</strong>eration ofcritical masses of researchers is crucial since it increases their productivity and str<strong>en</strong>gth<strong>en</strong>s network synergies. This conc<strong>en</strong>tration ofresearchers would increase the effici<strong>en</strong>cy of public sp<strong>en</strong>ding and reduce the transaction costs with the business world, as with othernational and international groups that could b<strong>en</strong>efit mutually from a higher degree of interaction.However, human capital and sci<strong>en</strong>tific activity are not innovation as long as they do not link to company activity, or do not <strong>en</strong>d inproduct, process, marketing and organizational innovation that allows them to compete successfully in markets.Companies are the motor of innovation and as such need to put innovation at the core of their business, overcoming fear and thecosts of acquiring and adopting innovation.This implies that sci<strong>en</strong>ce should provide support in the g<strong>en</strong>eration and adoption of innovation. Companies can, in turn, help id<strong>en</strong>tifybusiness opportunities in sci<strong>en</strong>tific activity.It also implies overcoming the impossibility of appropriating this investm<strong>en</strong>t in innovation and not taking the comfortable position ofwaiting for others to implem<strong>en</strong>t it and th<strong>en</strong> copy it.93