Libro Blanco Vol I en Ingles

TOWARDS A NATIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR COMPETITIVENESSVOLUME 1ACTION RECOMMENDATIONSChile needs to continue growing to attain development and the path to achieve it is the Knowledge Economy. Thishowever does not imply turning our back on natural resources, but rather to make the most of this advantage as a solidstarting point to advance, straight away, in the search for other sectors with acquired competitive advantages.The leap to the Knowledge Economy essentially revolves around innovation, understood as the process of creatingeconomic value through which certain products or production processes, developed around new knowledge or the novelcombination of existing knowledge, are effectively introduced into markets, and as such social life.This new path to development ensures greater growth. It also offers the possibility of progressing towards greaterequity since its base is the development of knowledge, which is an asset whose property can be distributed more equitablythan capital or natural resources, mainly through the formation of our human capital.Chile can set itself this goal after having successfully implemented the reforms to create an adequate macroeconomicenvironment and a foreign trade orientation that stimulates its production capacities to the maximum and that highlights theneed for a new step in its development.Chile can set itself the great challenge today of doubling its per capita income over the next 15 years, to the level ofUS$25,000 (2005 Purchasing Power Parity). This implies attaining living standards similar to those of developed countriestoday.This growth must be maintained in the increase of Total Factor Productivity (TFP), based on the dynamic anddiffusion of knowledge, on technological change, on human capital and innovation.- Move from 10 years of average schooling (year 2000) to 12 years by the end of this decade, and 14 at the beginningof the next decade.- Increase enrolment in third-level education from the present 43% (of people aged between 18 and 24) until nearly80% within 15 years.- Make significant progress in the results achieved by Chilean students in the international PISA evaluations.- Increase R+D spending as a percentage of GDP, rising from 0.68% (year 2004), to 2.32% in the next 15 years. Thisimplies doubling and increasing five-fold the present public and private spending on R+D respectively as a percentage ofGDP.56