Libro Blanco Vol I en Ingles

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TOWARDS A NATIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR COMPETITIVENESSVOLUME 1BOX 4LET’S MAKE THE MOST OF THE OPPORTUNITY: LET’S FIX THE WEAK POINTS OF CHILE IN THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESSREPORTEducation is the weakest competitiveness factor of Chile,according to the World Economic Forum (WEF). The performance inhigher education and training is low not only compared to developedcountries, but also compared to developing countries that, like Chile,have had high growth rates in recent years. The quality of educationcontinues to be our Achilles heel. In fact, our performance in the qualityof education in science and mathematics (ranked 100) and the quality ofthe educational system in general (ranked 76) are the main weaknessesof Chile in this respect.Meanwhile, technological preparedness, which measures theagility with which the economy is capable of adopting existingtechnologies that improve industrial productivity, is also quite weak inChile. Technological preparedness is especially relevant in an economysuch as Chile which, in general, is not on the cutting-edge of technologyand that can, therefore, benefit from adopting foreign technologies. Assuch, it is important to exploit the position with respect to thetechnological frontier and innovate by adopting and adapting newtechnologies, which undoubtedly requires the availability of a nationaltechnological base.While it is true that the performance in certain aspects of thisfactor is noteworthy, such as ICT legislation (ranked 24) and the level ofR&D and technological transfer (ranked 24), other aspects appear asquite weak and explain the position 35 of Chile in this factor: forexample, quantity of computers (position 44), internet users (41) andtechnological absorption at a firm level (33).The sophistication of businesses also constitutes an importantfactor measured by the WEF. While Chile performs well in terms of thequantity and quality of local suppliers (ranked 25 and 23, respectively),marketing (24) and sophistication in production processes (26), certainCanadaDinamarcaNueva ZelandaFinlandiaSueciaCoreaSingapurAustraliaTaiwanMalasiaEstoniaChinaChileRep. ChecaLituaniaLetoniaFinlandiaDinamarcaSueciaTaiwanSingapurAustraliaCanadaCoreaNueva ZelandaEstoniaRep. ChecaLetoniaLituaniaMalasiaChileChinaSalud y Educación Primaria246791820212542435557580 20 40 60 80Posición en el rankingEducación Superior y Capacitación1237101417212223272829320 20 40 60 8040Posición en el ranking70777953
TOWARDS A NATIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR COMPETITIVENESSVOLUME 1areas remain weak and need to be overcome to make efficiencyimprovements. These are: presence of value chains (58) and nature ofthe comparative advantages (51). These aspects highlight the fact thatthe Chilean economy continues excessively concentrated on naturalresources.Finally, the second weakest factor in the competitiveness ofChile is its performance in innovation. The country only ranked 39 in thisaspect; far below the position of high-growth economies. For example,South Korea, 20 in the global ranking, rises to 15 th place in the area ofinnovation; Malaysia ranks 22 in the general list, but rises to 21 ininnovation; and Singapore, ranked 15 in the global index, rises to 9 thplace in innovation.The poor performance of Chile in this area is mainly explained bythe provision of technological products by the government (ranked 54),the innovation capacity in the country (ranked 50), the quality ofscientific institutions (ranked 48), the level of R+D spending incompanies (ranked 48) and the protection for intellectual property(ranked 45). Once again, Chile is surpassed by developing countries thathave experienced significant growth rates in recent years.Regarding the capacity to link producers, suppliers andcustomers, the WEF has developed indicators based on the “GovernmentOpinion Survey”, which gathers the opinions of authorities andbusinessmen from around the world with respect to some aspects of therelationship among production agents. The aspects looked at are: (i) thenumber of suppliers for various industries, (ii) the perceived quality ofsuppliers, (iii) the capacity to analyze and penetrate internal markets,(iv) control the distribution of products internationally, (v) the nature ofthe competitive advantages of the country in terms of exports, (vi) thetype of products exported (commodities or highly differentiated andunique goods) and (vii) the possibility of obtaining the appropriatemachinery for the production processes within the country. Chile isranked among the first 30 countries in the first four items (out of a totalof 125). In contrast, the values obtained in the latter three items fallSueciaSingapurAustraliaDinamarcaFinlandiaTaiwanEstoniaCanadaCoreaNueva ZelandaRep. ChecaMalasiaChileLituaniaLetoniaChinaSueciaDinamarcaFinlandiaTaiwanCanadaMalasiaCoreaSingapurNueva ZelandaAustraliaRep. ChecaChileEstoniaLituaniaLetoniaChina12Preparación Tecnológica71012141617182326283542430 20 40 60 80Posición en el rankingSofisticación de los Negocios59111518202223262829300 20 40 6035Posición en el ranking4154756554
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