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TOWARDS A NATIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR COMPETITIVENESSVOLUME 1FIGURE 1The importance of maintaining growthFIGURE 2Competitiveness of ChileFIGURE 3Years of schooling in Chile100 150 200 250 3000 500 1000 1500PIB per cápita(Base: PIB per cápita año 1986=100)1985 1990 1995 2000 2005A ñosPaísesC orea Chile MalasiaPIB per cápita(Base: PIB per cápita año 1966=100)1970 1980 1990 2000 2010AñosPaísesC orea M alasia ChileIn the last 20 years, Chile has grown at a pace similar to the mostsuccessful Asian countries: Malaysia, the best of the Tigers, andSouth Korea, the most dynamic of the Dragons (figure above).However, in the last 40 years, Malaysia has succeeded inincreasing its GDP five-fold and South Korea over twelve times;meanwhile Chile has not even managed to triple it.Ranking de Chile en los nueve factores que componenel Indice de Competitividad Global del WEFMacroeconomíaEficiencia de los MercadosInstitucionesSofisticación de NegociosInfraestructuraPreparación TecnológicaInnovaciónEd. Superior y CapacitaciónSalud y Educación Primaria724253035353940570 20 40 60Posición en el rankingChile ranks 27 out of the 125 countries listed in the GlobalCompetitiveness ranking of the World Economic Forum. However,in each of the nine determinant pillars of competitiveness, Chile haswidely varying performances: the high-points include macroeconomy,efficiency of markets and the quality of institutions. Theweakest points are health and primary and higher education, andtraining and innovation.Source: Studies Unit, Executive Secretariat, Innovation Council.Based on the Global Competitiveness Index 2006-2007 of theWorld Economic Forum.Años promedio de escolaridad(sobre población de 15 años y más)0 5 10 15Años promedio de escolaridad y PIB per cápita199019801960 197020000 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000PIB per cápita PPCPaíses de rápido crecimiento y ricos en recursos naturalesChina Corea India MalasiaTailandia Suecia Dinamarca AustraliaN. Zelandia Noruega Canadá ChileTendencia promedioIn the year 2000, the over-15 population had an average of 10 years ofschooling, one year less than the country should have had considering itsincome level, given the trends of high-growth economies. Even though inrecent years Chile has improved its average rate, estimates by Cohen andSoto (2000) indicate that schooling will reach 10.77 in 2010, while thecurve for high-growth economies indicates that Chile should reach anaverage of 12 years. This serves to warn us that the lag may beincreasing.Source: Studies Unit, Executive Secretariat, Innovation Council. Based onthe: “The World Economy: Historical Statistics”, A. Maddison, 2001; andCohen and Soto (2000), “Growth & Human Capital: Good data, goodresults”. Discussion papers Nº 3025, CEPR.Source: Studies Unit, Secretariat of Innovation Council. Based on“The World Economy: Historical Statistics”, A. Maddison (2001) andestimates of the Economist Intelligence Unit.45