Libro Blanco Vol I en Ingles

TOWARDS A NATIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR COMPETITIVENESSVOLUME 1II. GLOBAL GOALSBased on the above-described criteria, this strategy proposal sets out the following goals:1. Today, Chile can face the challenge of doubling its per capita income over the next 15 years, in order to reach US$ 25,000 (2005purchasing power parity). It would mean reaching standards of living similar to the present levels in developed countries.2. To maintain the required growth rate for Chile to reach the threshold of development, it is necessary to increase the contribution ofTotal Factor Productivity (TFP), based on the dynamics and dissemination of knowledge, on technological change, on human capital and oninnovation. In these areas - which are at the very centre of the Council's mandate - the country still lags behind in comparison to itsinternational competitors and it is therefore necessary to set out exacting goals for the next few years which are based on the lags that stillexist in Chile with respect to these nations.3. The average years of schooling for the general population must be increased to 12 by 2010 and 14 by 2021. This means increasingenrolment rates in higher education from the current 43% (for people aged between 18 and 24) to nearly 80% by 2021.4. Another innovation pillar is made up of scientific and technological research. The goal of doubling the per capita income in 15 yearsrequires increasing R+D spending as a percentage of GDP, from 0.68% (in the year 2004), to 2.5% towards the end of the period. In order toreach this level, it is necessary to double public spending on R + D as a percentage of GDP, moving from 0.36% (in the year 2004) to 0.75% -which would mean a four-fold increase in absolute terms - towards the beginning of the third decade of this century, thus becoming thedriving force moving the private sector. Therefore, the goal must be to invert the existing relationship between public and privatecontributions to total R+D investment, decreasing the first from 53% to 32%, and, increasing the second from 37% to nearly 55%, thus matchingthe level of the more developed countries.5. Supporting the strengthening of the production potential of Chilean companies should be reflected in an improvement of the country'sproduction diversity indices. At present, the main 25 export products represent 76% of total exports, whereas in countries whose per capitaincome exceeds US$ 25,000, this indicator is below 50%.6. Finally, we would propose measuring the country's progress in innovation based on international rankings that, apart from offering apoint of agreement, permit a comparison with our initial situation and with the countries that are benchmarks for us or that compete with oureconomy and that have been used as the basis for determining the indicated gaps. The three factors linked to this proposal, innovation indices117