My life : a record of events and opinions - Wallace-online.org
My life : a record of events and opinions - Wallace-online.org My life : a record of events and opinions - Wallace-online.org
322 MY LIFEto the land by the owner or his predecessors, such asbuildings, drains, plantations, etc., would remain hisproperty, and be paid for by the new state-tenants ata fair valuation. The selling value of land was thusdivided into two parts : the inherent value orground-rent value, which is quite independent of anyexpenditure by owners, but is due solely to natureand society ; and the improvements, which are duesolely to expenditure by the owners or occupiers, andwhich are essentially temporary in nature. My experiencein surveying and land-valuation assured methat these two values can be easily separated. Itfollows that land as owned by the State would needno " management " whatever, the rent being merely aground-rent, which could be collected just as thehouse-tax and the land-tax are collected, the statetenantbeing left as completely free as is the " freeholder" now (who is in law a state-tenant), or as arethe holders of perpetual feus in Scotland.This article appeared in the Contemporary Revieivof November, 1880, and it immediately attracted theattention of Mr. A. C. Swinton, Dr. G. B. Clark,Mr. Roland Estcourt, and a few others, who hadlong been seeking a mode of applying HerbertSpencer's great principle of the inequity of privateproperty in land, and who found it in the suggestionsand principles I had laid down. They accordinglycommunicated with me; several meetings were heldat the invitation of Mr. Swinton, who was the initiatorof the movement, and after much discussion as toa definite programme, the " Land NationalizationSociety " was formed, and, much against my wishes,I was chosen to be its president.Our Society being established, it seemed necessaryto prepare something in the form of a handbook or
LAND NATIONALIZATION 323introduction to the great problem of the land ;and Iaccordingly devoted my attention to the subject, studyingvoluminous reports on agriculture, on Irish famines,on Highland crofters, and numbers of special treatisesdealing with the various aspects of this vast and farreachingquestion.My book was published in March,1882, under the title "Land Nationalization: itsNecessity and its Aims," and gave, in a compactform, the only general account of the evils of ourland system as it exists in England, Ireland, andScotland ; a comparison with other countries or placesin which a better system prevails, together with asolution of the problem of how to replace it by theonly just system, without any confiscation of propertyor injury to any living individual. The book has hada large circulation, and, in a revised edition, is stillon sale ; and, together with numerous tracts issued bythe Society, has done much to educate public opinionon this most vital of all political or social questions.As, however, it was quite certain that it wouldtake a very long time before even the first stepstowards land nationalization would be taken, I tookevery opportunity of advocating such other fundamentalreforms as seemed to me demanded by equityand to be essential to social well-being. One of theearliest was on the subject of interest, about whichthere was much difference of opinion among advancedthinkers. A discussion having arisen in The ChristianSocialist, I developed my views at some length in anarticle which appeared in the issue of March, 1884.Soon after our society was started, Henry George,author of that remarkable work, " Progress andPoverty," came to England, and I had the pleasureof making his acquaintance. He spoke at several ofour meetings and elsewhere in London, as well as in
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LAND NATIONALIZATION 323introduction to the great problem <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong> ;<strong>and</strong> Iaccordingly devoted my attention to the subject, studyingvoluminous reports on agriculture, on Irish famines,on Highl<strong>and</strong> cr<strong>of</strong>ters, <strong>and</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> special treatisesdealing with the various aspects <strong>of</strong> this vast <strong>and</strong> farreachingquestion.<strong>My</strong> book was published in March,1882, under the title "L<strong>and</strong> Nationalization: itsNecessity <strong>and</strong> its Aims," <strong>and</strong> gave, in a compactform, the only general account <strong>of</strong> the evils <strong>of</strong> ourl<strong>and</strong> system as it exists in Engl<strong>and</strong>, Irel<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong>Scotl<strong>and</strong> ; a comparison with other countries or placesin which a better system prevails, together with asolution <strong>of</strong> the problem <strong>of</strong> how to replace it by theonly just system, without any confiscation <strong>of</strong> propertyor injury to any living individual. The book has hada large circulation, <strong>and</strong>, in a revised edition, is stillon sale ; <strong>and</strong>, together with numerous tracts issued bythe Society, has done much to educate public opinionon this most vital <strong>of</strong> all political or social questions.As, however, it was quite certain that it wouldtake a very long time before even the first stepstowards l<strong>and</strong> nationalization would be taken, I tookevery opportunity <strong>of</strong> advocating such other fundamentalreforms as seemed to me dem<strong>and</strong>ed by equity<strong>and</strong> to be essential to social well-being. One <strong>of</strong> theearliest was on the subject <strong>of</strong> interest, about whichthere was much difference <strong>of</strong> opinion among advancedthinkers. A discussion having arisen in The ChristianSocialist, I developed my views at some length in anarticle which appeared in the issue <strong>of</strong> March, 1884.Soon after our society was started, Henry Ge<strong>org</strong>e,author <strong>of</strong> that remarkable work, " Progress <strong>and</strong>Poverty," came to Engl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> I had the pleasure<strong>of</strong> making his acquaintance. He spoke at several <strong>of</strong>our meetings <strong>and</strong> elsewhere in London, as well as in