My life : a record of events and opinions - Wallace-online.org
My life : a record of events and opinions - Wallace-online.org My life : a record of events and opinions - Wallace-online.org
8oMY LIFEwas simple robbery, as they had no compensationwhatever, and were left wholly dependent on farmersfor employment. And this was all done—as similarinclosures are almost always done—under falsepretences.The " General Inclosure Act " states in itspreamble, " Whereas it is expedient to facilitate theinclosure and improvement of commons and otherlands now subject to the rights of property whichobstruct cultivation and the productive employmentof labour, be it enacted," etc. But in hundreds ofcases, when the commons, heaths, and mountainshave been partitioned out among the landowners, theland remains as little cultivated as before. It is eitherthrown into adjacent farms as rough pasture at anominal rent, or is used for game-coverts, and oftencontinues in this waste and unproductive state forhalf a century or more, till any portions of it arerequired for railroads, or for building upon, when aprice equal to that of the best land in the districtoften demanded and obtained.isI know of thousandsof acres in many parts of the south of England towhich these remarks will apply, and if this is notobtaining land under false pretences—a legalizedrobbery of the poor for the aggrandizement of therich, who were the law-makers — words have nomeaning.In this particular case the same course has beenpursued. While I was writing these pages a friendwas staying at Llandrindod, and I took the opportunityof asking him what was the present conditionof the land more than sixty years after itsHe informs me that, by inquiries among oldinclosure.inhabitants,he finds that at the time nothing was doneexcept to inclose the portions allotted to each landlordwith turf banks or other rough fencing ; and that
RADNORSHIRE8ito this day almost all the great boggy moor, with themountain slopes and summits, has not been improvedin any way, either by draining, cultivation,or planting,but is still wild, rough pasture. But about thirtyyears after the inclosure the railway from Shrewsburythrough South Wales passed through the place, andimmediately afterwards a few villas and boardinghouseswere built, and some of the inclosed land wassold at building prices. This has gone on year byyear, and though the resident population is still onlyabout 2000, it is said that 10,000 visitors (more orless) come every summer, and the chief increase ofhouses has been for their accommodation. My friendtells me that, except close to the village and railway,the whole country which was inclosed—many hundredsof acres—is still bare and uncultivated, withhardly any animals to be seen upon it. Milk is scantyand poor, and the only butter is Cornish or Australian,so that the inclosure has not led to the supply of thesimplest agricultural needs of the population. Eventhe piece of common that was reserved for the use ofthe inhabitants is now used for golf-links !Here, then, as in so many other cases, the expresspurpose for which alone the legislature permitted the inclosurehas not been fulfilled, and in equity the wholeof the land, and the whole money proceeds of the saleof such portions as have been built upon, should revertto the public. The prices now realized by this almostworthless land, agriculturally, are enormous. In ornear the village it sells for ;^I500 an acre, or evenmore, while quite outside these limits it is from ;^300to ;^400.In regard to this fundamental question of landownership people are so blinded by custom and bythe fact that it is sanctioned by the law, that it mayG
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RADNORSHIRE8ito this day almost all the great boggy moor, with themountain slopes <strong>and</strong> summits, has not been improvedin any way, either by draining, cultivation,or planting,but is still wild, rough pasture. But about thirtyyears after the inclosure the railway from Shrewsburythrough South Wales passed through the place, <strong>and</strong>immediately afterwards a few villas <strong>and</strong> boardinghouseswere built, <strong>and</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the inclosed l<strong>and</strong> wassold at building prices. This has gone on year byyear, <strong>and</strong> though the resident population is still onlyabout 2000, it is said that 10,000 visitors (more orless) come every summer, <strong>and</strong> the chief increase <strong>of</strong>houses has been for their accommodation. <strong>My</strong> friendtells me that, except close to the village <strong>and</strong> railway,the whole country which was inclosed—many hundreds<strong>of</strong> acres—is still bare <strong>and</strong> uncultivated, withhardly any animals to be seen upon it. Milk is scanty<strong>and</strong> poor, <strong>and</strong> the only butter is Cornish or Australian,so that the inclosure has not led to the supply <strong>of</strong> thesimplest agricultural needs <strong>of</strong> the population. Eventhe piece <strong>of</strong> common that was reserved for the use <strong>of</strong>the inhabitants is now used for golf-links !Here, then, as in so many other cases, the expresspurpose for which alone the legislature permitted the inclosurehas not been fulfilled, <strong>and</strong> in equity the whole<strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> the whole money proceeds <strong>of</strong> the sale<strong>of</strong> such portions as have been built upon, should revertto the public. The prices now realized by this almostworthless l<strong>and</strong>, agriculturally, are enormous. In ornear the village it sells for ;^I500 an acre, or evenmore, while quite outside these limits it is from ;^300to ;^400.In regard to this fundamental question <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ownership people are so blinded by custom <strong>and</strong> bythe fact that it is sanctioned by the law, that it mayG