Annual report 2005-06.indd - Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems ...

executive summaryResearch by the ACE CRC and its partners in2005-06 continued to produce some surprisingand exciting results that are altering ourunderstanding of global climate systems andthe mechanisms by which they are likely tochange. Oceanographic surveys of the SouthernOcean revealed widespread and rapid changes inbottom water properties to the south of Australiaand in the Indian Ocean. These changesare larger and have occurred more quicklythan expected and indicate that global oceancirculation can change more rapidly than thoughtpreviously.Researchers in the ACE CRC Sea-level RiseProgram discovered two particularly importantfeatures of sea-level dynamics that are changingthe way we consider the implications of climatechange for sea levels and coastal impacts. First,our researchers found that the rate at which sealevel has been rising over the last 150 years orso, after a long period of stasis, is accelerating.This discovery will significantly changeprojections of future sea level. Second, we wereable to demonstrate that volcanic eruptions havesignificant ‘damping’ effects on sea-level riseand we need to take those effects into accountwhen estimating sea-level rise to avoid underestimatingthe likely changes over medium tolong term timescales.The global carbon cycle is central to thediscussion of climate change because muchof the anthropogenic impact on climate isvia carbon emissions and their inputs to theatmospheric component of the global carbonbudget. The Southern Ocean plays a particularlyimportant role in buffering the accumulationof carbon in the atmosphere through uptakeof carbon dioxide into the global oceans. Workin our Ocean Control of Carbon DioxideProgram in the last year made significantinroads into resolving some of the key limitationson that buffering capacity and understandinghow natural variations in some limiting factors,such as the availability of dissolved iron tooceanic plants, alter the ocean draw-down ofcarbon from the atmosphere.Linking physical environmental research andbiological or ecological research explicitly oftenproves difficult because of significant disciplinarydifferences in the methods of research. One ofour important internal achievements in 2005was the realisation of explicit links among ourbiological, physical and chemical research fromfield operations right through to analyses andpublication. In particular, we completed one ofour major research voyages in which we relateda range of biological observations, coveringplants and animals from microscopic plankton tokrill and right up to seabirds and whales, to dataon physical oceanography over more than 50degrees of longitude from around the Antarcticmargin and up in to the Southern Ocean. Thiswork will provide major insights into the factorsthat regulate krill populations and the animalsthat depend on them off East Antarctica, aswell as providing important oceanographicinformation from a part of the world that is keyto the world’s ocean circulation.The ACE CRC Policy Program hosted anothersuccessful forum in Canberra that broughttogether researchers from our science programsand staff from 17 government departmentsand agencies to discuss the latest results of ourresearch and how to make best use of them inthe formulation of national policies on a widerange of climate and ocean related issues. Thisforum was focused on linking the work we do inand around Antarctica and the Southern Oceanwith our understanding of modern climatechange and its impacts around the Australiancoast and in the tropical Pacific. Many peopledon’t realise that our knowledge of climatechange and its impacts is built on researchdone in the far South. Part of our purpose in theACE CRC research and policy fora is to clarifythose links and improve understanding of theirimportance to Australia and globally.Delivering national benefit from research isa key platform of the CRC Programme. TheACE CRC’s Commercialisation & Utilisation Plan(C&UP), that detailed just how this CRC woulddo so, received formal approval from DEST atAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 5

executive summarythe end of August 2005 – without revision andwith commendation. This was a particularlypleasing result given that our approach tothe commercialisation objectives of the CRCProgramme was couched explicitly in thecontext of this CRC’s prominent obligations todeliver research outputs to the public domain,both nationally and internationally. We seecommercialisation as an important supplementto our public domain activities through whichimportant innovations arising from our researchactivities can be given exposure to commercialdevelopment as and when appropriate. To thisend, we have embarked on specific strategiesto identify such innovations within the centre,assess them for commercial potential, reconcileclearly partner and centre intellectual propertyissues and effect formal decisions to delivermaximum benefit from our innovations, whetherthrough delivery to our partners, disclosure inthe public domain or development for market.We continued our commercialisation educationand training throughout 2005-06 to ensurethat our graduate students and staff arecommercially aware and well equipped to mangethe nexus between their primary research skillsand their obligations to facilitate appropriatecommercialisation opportunities.We have also used the development of ourC&UP as a catalyst to resolve better strategiesfor delivery of our research outputs to endusers beyond the research community. Incoming years, we will be implementing aseries of formal delivery projects that will berun as formal projects dealing with specificresearch products, focused on understandingthe needs and expectations of users for thoseproducts and working with those users and ourresearchers to effect specific paths to adoptionthat will provide effective delivery. In thefirst instance, we will be targeting delivery ofinformation about the impacts of sea-level riseand extreme events on coastal communities, asea ice forecasting system to improve shippingsafety around Antarctica, and analyses of theeconomic value of reduced uncertainty aboutclimate change through the provision of betterinformed planning and development options.We are, of course, also delivering our researchoutputs through established processes, with ourstaff producing over 80 refereed publicationsand delivering more than 175 conferencepresentations in 2005-06 and several of our staffhaving significant input to the IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change 4 th Assessment Report,due for release early in 2007.The 2005-06 year has been another veryproductive one for the ACE CRC. Theachievements noted above are just a few ofthose to be found in the following pages thatsignal the importance of the research donethrough this centre and its partners. As ourcentre patron, Professor Sir Guy Green, notedat the 2006 CRC Association Conferencein Brisbane: ‘While the research done byenvironment CRCs such as the ACE CRC maytake longer to come to fruition and its outcomesmay be less easy to predict than that of someother CRCs, it is also the sort of research whichis likely to create a great deal of genuinelynew knowledge which will eventually lead tosubstantial and enduring economic benefitsboth for particular industries and for the entirecommunity.’Bruce MapstoneChief Executive OfficerACE CRCBB6 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

governanceThe ACE CRC was successful in its bid as a new from existing CRC in the 2002 round of CRC funding,its predecessor being the Antarctic and Southern Ocean CRC. The ACE CRC began its seven-year life onJuly 1, 2003 and is an unincorporated joint venture.The University of Tasmania has been appointed as the ACE CRC agent, and contributes services forfinance, human resources and asset management.Core PartnersAustralian Antarctic Division (AAD)Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM)CSIRO Division of Marine andAtmospheric Research (CMAR)University of Tasmania (UTAS)Supporting PartnersAlfred Wegener Institute (AWI, Germany)Australian Greenhouse Office (AGO)The Australian National University (ANU)National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research(NIWA, New Zealand)Governing BoardSilicon Graphics Inc (SGI)Tasmanian Department of Economic Development (DED)The ACE CRC Governing Board has an independent Chair and members from the core partners and keyresearch users. The Australian Antarctic Division holds an additional ex-officio seat in recognition ofthe magnitude of its contributions. The Board meets quarterly and considers ACE CRC matters out ofsession as required.Board Member Organisation Position in Partner OrganisationDr KatherineWoodthorpe, ChairPeople & InnovationCorporate Advisers Pty LtdDirectorDr Tony Press AAD DirectorProf Andrew Glenn* UTAS Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research)Dr Bill Downey BoM Deputy Director Corporate ActivitiesDr Tony Haymet* CSIRO Director Science and Policy (Chief-onsecondmentCMAR)Mr Greg Johannes DED Deputy SecretaryMr Bill Trestrail SGI Managing Director, Asia Pacific RegionMr Howard Bamsey AGO Deputy Secretary, Department of theEnvironment and HeritageProf Michael Stoddart,ex-officioProf Bruce Mapstone, exofficioAADACE CRCChief ScientistChief Executive OfficerBoard Meetings 2005-06 *Retired from Board August 20062005: 30 August, 1 December2006: 22 March, 30 MayAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 7

managementComputing CommitteeThe ACE CRC Computing Committee supports the science, education and policy programs of the ACECRC through advice on information technology infrastructure and management. This support is focusedprimarily on those components of the ACE CRC based at the University of Tasmania’s Hobart Campus.The ACE CRC Computing Committee advises the ACE CRC Executive Committee and CEO.MemberDr Jason Roberts (TPAC) ChairProf Bruce Mapstone (ACE CRC)Assoc Prof Marcus Haward (UTAS)Dr Kelvin Michael (UTAS)Mr Glenn Hyland (AAD)Dr Simon Marsland (ACE CRC)Dr Richard Matear (CMAR)Dr Benedicte Pasquer (ACE CRC)Dr Roland Warner (AAD)Dr Steven Phipps (TPAC)Mr Michael Sumner (UTAS)Mr John Dalton (UTAS)Mr Nick Grundy (UTAS) ex-officioMr Ben Joseph (ACE CRC)Ms Vicki Randell (ACE CRC)Ms Kerrie Bidwell (ACE CRC) SecretaryPositionResearcherChief Executive OfficerLeader Policy ProgramDeputy Leader Education ProgramResearcherResearcherResearcherResearcherResearcherResearcherPhD studentInformation Technology ResourcesInformation Technology ResourcesComputer Support OfficerBusiness ManagerAdministration ManagerComputing Committee Meeting5 April 2006Communications Coordinating CommitteeThe ACE CRC Communication Coordinating Committee is a network of communicators within theACE CRC and its partner organisations. It was formed to support the implementation of the ACE CRCthrough the coordination of public communication and reporting strategies. Informal gatherings of anumber of the Partner communications staff were held throughout the year as opportunities arose.10 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

commercialisationSpin-offs and patentsTo date the ACE CRC has not applied for anypatents, nor created any spin-off companies. Weare actively seeking closer links with a local SME,and a Memorandum of Understanding with thatorganisation is under negotiation.Research UtilisationThe ACE CRC has embarked on a two-foldstrategy to improve our capability for deliveringeconomic, environmental or social value from ourresearch.Know our usersWe recognise the need to bring a betterunderstanding of our research users’ interestsinto our research community. We invited externalspeakers to address our annual symposium onwhat they need from ACE CRC research, andlater followed up with each speaker to identifymeans of better meeting the needs. As a directresult of this, we co-hosted with one user – theTasmanian Department of Primary Industriesand Water – a workshop on Coastal ExtremeEvents for Tasmanian organisations responsiblefor built coastal infrastructure which deliveredspecifically targeted and useful information to 22organisations. Further joint work is planned forthe forthcoming year.Our Policy Program hosted its second ResearchUsers’ Forum in Canberra, and followed up withdetailed discussions with government agencies toidentify their ‘top 20’ questions regarding climateissues. Regular follow up with these users hascontinued through the year.We consulted with Tasmanian organisationsto better understand the climate parametersthat drive their strategic decisions. We haveuncovered a widespread recognition of theimportance of climate to economic decisionmaking in a variety of industries. The scaleof the issue of climate change is such that nosingle local organisation or industry could fundthe research necessary to answer questionsspecific to Tasmania’s climate future. But theevident interest from this Tasmanian communityoffers a promising delivery mechanism for futureresearch.Relate our research to user needsDuring this year each project was reviewed toidentify its potential for delivery to the range ofend users identified in the C&UP. From this workwe have identified a short list of delivery projectsthat will require commitment from both the ACECRC and its end users to ensure that value isboth delivered and taken up. These projects willbe refined and prioritised to focus our attentionon those activities most likely to deliver thehighest value.In recognition of our role in developing thecapacity of our postgraduate students to delivervalue in their future research careers, we areundertaking a review of our student projects toidentify those which could benefit from closerassociation with external research users.Commercialisation MilestoneMilestone 2005-06 Milestones &/or outputs Achieved Progress during 05-06CommonwealthAgreementCommonwealth approval ofCommercialisation & Utilisation PlanYesNotification ofCommonwealth approvalgiven on 26 August 2005Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 13

commercialisationIP managementDuring the period under review, the ACE CRC has not sold, transferred or licensed its IP forcommercialisation.In terms of IP management, the ACE CRC has successfully gained the commitment of its core partnersto improve two fundamental aspects of its IP Management, in line with the National Principles of IPManagement:• Alignment of institutional policies: Consultation with key staff in partners’ Human Resources, Legaland Commercial areas has ensured that the relationship between partner IP policies and those ofthe ACE CRC are well understood. Agreement was reached across all partners on a ‘User Guide tothe ACE CRC’ that explicitly spells out the expectations of partner agencies on their staff assigned tothe ACE CRC.• Management of Contributed IP: The ACE CRC commenced operation without a register ofbackground IP supplied by its partners. During the year under review, core partners were askedto agree to a pragmatic approach to redressing the situation, with a focus on identifying majorcontributed items by project. The proposal was accepted and implementation is underway.The role of the ACE CRC’s IP arrangements in accruing maximum national benefits for our research isnot as critical as it would be in a highly commercial organisation. Nevertheless, our success in workingclosely with our partners to secure a common understanding in these matters adds further strength tothe collaboration necessary to achieve our research goals.14 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

commercialisationEnd-user involvementMuch of our end-user involvement occurs through collaborative projects and committee work. Theseare detailed later in this report under Research Collaboration. The following table supplements thatinformation. Through our commercial development program, we continue to work with our end-users todetermine the benefit received from involvement with ACE CRC activities.Industry or otherresearch users andbasis of interactionType and location ofactivityNature and scale of benefitsto end-usersActual or expectedbenefit to userABARE (Non-participant)Participation in Researchusers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeAustralian FisheriesManagement Authority(Non-participant)Participation in Researchusers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeAustralian LocalGovernment Association(Non-participant)Participation in Researchusers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeAustralian MarineSafety Authority (Nonparticipant)Participation in Researchusers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeBureau of RuralSciences (Nonparticipant)Participation in Researchusers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeCradle Coast Water(Non-participant)Consultation on impact ofclimate change to theirbusinessIncreased sensitivity toprojected risksCSIRO/UTAS/BoM(Core partners)Development of coremodules for ACCESS – AusCommunity Ocean Modeland TPAC/AAD sea icemodelA state of the art systemscience model for predictingor simulating future climatescenarios and for sea iceforecasts underpinning allAustralian Weather Forecastsby BoMDepartment ofAgriculture andFisheries and Forestry(Non-participant)Participation in Researchusers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeDepartment ofEducation Scienceand Training (Nonparticipant)Participation in ResearchUsers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeDepartment ofEnvironment andHeritage, AustralianAntarctic Division (Corepartner)Participation in Researchusers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeDepartment ofEnvironment andHeritage, AustralianAntarctic Division (Corepartner)Calculation of krill biomassfigures for delivery toCCAMLR (Commissionfor the Conservation ofAntarctic Marine LivingResources) that will enableCCAMLR to revise the catchlimits for the krill fisheryin the South West IndianOcean sector.Increased productivity of krillfishing industryAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 15

commercialisationIndustry or otherresearch users andbasis of interactionType and location ofactivityNature and scale of benefitsto end-usersActual or expectedbenefit to userDepartment ofEnvironment andHeritage, AustralianGreenhouse Office(Supporting partner)Working group to formulateAustralian Governmentresponse to IPCC 4AR,hosted at BOM, MelbourneWell-founded scientific basisfor responseDepartment ofEnvironment andHeritage, AustralianGreenhouse Office(Supporting partner)Participation in ResearchUsers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeContribution towardsthe objectives of theAustralian ClimateChange ScienceProgramDepartment ofEnvironment andHeritage, AustralianGreenhouse Office(Supporting partner)Staff briefing on HockeyStick curve (Tas vanOmmen)Increased understanding ofthe science behind the publicdebateContribution towardsthe objectives of theAustralian ClimateChange ScienceProgramDepartment ofEnvironment andHeritage, AustralianGreenhouse Office(Supporting partner)Commissioned projecton Ocean Acidification($109,608 ex GST).Hobart.Increased readiness to adaptto projected risksContribution towardsthe objectives of theAustralian ClimateChange ScienceProgramDepartment ofEnvironment andHeritage, AustralianGreenhouse Office(Supporting partner)Commissioned projecton high-precision timingon past climate events($40,500 ex GST). Hobart.Increased readiness to adaptto projected risksDepartment of ForeignAffairs and Trade (Nonparticipant)Participation in ResearchUsers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeDepartment ofForeign Affairs andTrade – AusAid (Nonparticipant)Participation in ResearchUsers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeEsk Water (Nonparticipant)Consultation on impact ofclimate change to theirbusinessIncreased sensitivity toprojected risksGeoscience Australia(Non-participant)Participation in ResearchUsers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeGippsland Coastal Board(Non-participant)Gippsland Coastal StudyUnderstanding coastalvulnerability at a detailed locallevel.‘The Board sees thiswork as invaluable... A number of otherstakeholders areparticularly interestedand bodies at theState and Nationallevel are extremelyinterested in theresults ...’Hobart Water (Nonparticipant)Consultation on impact ofclimate change to theirbusinessIncreased sensitivity toprojected risksInsurance AustraliaGroup (Non-participant)Participation inEnvironmental CRC’s forum;provided speakers to ACECRC symposium; receivedpresentation to senior riskexecutives.Awareness of the contributionof the Antarctic tounderstanding of the risk ofinsured weather events16 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

commercialisationIndustry or otherresearch users andbasis of interactionType and location ofactivityNature and scale of benefitsto end-usersActual or expectedbenefit to userLocal GovernmentAssociation of Tasmania(Non-participant)Consultation on impact ofclimate change on LocalGovernment in TasmaniaIncreased sensitivity toprojected risksRoyal Australian Navy(Non-participant)Participation in ResearchUsers’ Forum, CanberraIncreased awareness ofprojected risks associated withclimate changeTasmanian Departmentof Primary Industriesand Water (Nonparticipant)Joint hosting of day longworkshop on Sea Level Riseand Extreme Events, HobartIncreased awareness of risksand adaptation issues‘I look forward tocontinuing our strongrelationship throughjoint work such as[this workshop]. Ibelieve that throughsuch collaboration,the business needsof our organisationsand our clients will begreatly enhanced.’Tasmanian Departmentof Primary Industriesand Water (Nonparticipant)Coordination of Sea LevelRise Reference Group,HobartAccess to expert andcurrent advice on emergingdevelopments in understandingof sea-level riseTasmanian Farmers andGraziers Association(Non-participant)Consultation on impact ofclimate change to theirbusinessIncreased sensitivity toprojected risksVineyards Associationof Tasmania (Nonparticipant)Consultation on impact ofclimate change to theirbusinessIncreased sensitivity toprojected risksAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 17

esearch programsclimate variability & changeocean control of carbon dioxideantarctic marine ecosystemssea-level risepolicy18 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

climate variability & changeProgram LeaderDr Steve RintoulCSIRO Marine &Atmospheric ResearchThe Southern Ocean provides a criticallink in the global ocean circulation thatdistributes heat around the Earth, storesheat and carbon in the ocean, providesnutrients to fuel Antarctic ecosystems,and supplies oxygen to the deep ocean.Present climate models indicate that thiscirculation is sensitive to climate change.A change in Southern Ocean currentswould likely have profound impacts onclimate, ocean uptake of carbon dioxideand marine ecosystems both in theSouthern Ocean and globally.By advancing our understanding ofvariability and change in the SouthernOcean, the CVC Program is improvingour ability to simulate and predict theimpact of Southern Ocean processeson climate, sea-level rise, marineecosystems and the marine carbon cycle.More reliable projections of climatevariability and change and their impactswill allow Australia to plan for the futureand minimise the risks of a variable andevolving climate. Specific applicationsof CVC Program research will includeimproved predictions of the status ofSouthern Ocean ecosystems, improvedmarine resource management, marineimpact studies, public good servicessuch as search and rescue, guidance forsafe Antarctic shipping operations, andresearch into global ocean and climatedynamics.Program Objectives• To characterise the variability ofSouthern Ocean currents, sea ice andclimate and to understand their causes.Variability of the physical environment ofthe Southern Ocean influences regional andglobal climate, distributions and productivityof marine organisms, ocean uptake andstorage of CO 2, and the rate and pattern ofsea-level rise. Knowledge of the variabilityof the coupled ocean-atmosphere-icesystem, including understanding of thephysical processes driving the variability, is aprerequisite for the other ACE CRC Programs.• To determine the likelihood and impactof significant changes in the SouthernOcean physical environment. Changessuch as a slow-down in the Southern Oceanoverturning circulation, a decrease in sea-iceextent, or an alteration in circulation patternsin the atmosphere and ocean would havesubstantial impacts on Antarctic ecosystemsand Australian and global climate. We need todetermine the risk of such changes in orderto develop robust management strategiesfor Southern Ocean marine living resourcesand to guide planning for future changes inclimate and their impacts.• To combine state-of-the-art oceanobservations and numerical models toprovide simulations and forecasts ofocean currents and sea ice for SouthernOcean applications. The applicationsinclude ecosystem prediction, marineresource management, marine impactstudies, initial state estimates for climatemodels, public good services such as searchand rescue, guidance for safe Antarcticshipping operations, and research into oceandynamics.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 19

climate variability & changeOverviewVariability of the physical environment of theSouthern Ocean influences regional and globalclimate, the distribution and productivity ofmarine organisms, the ocean uptake andstorage of carbon dioxide, and the rate andpattern of sea-level rise. Understanding thevariability of the coupled ocean-atmosphereicesystem is therefore a prerequisite for all ofthe ACE CRC research programs. Knowledge ofocean variability can also provide opportunitiesfor prediction and is required to assess theskill of model simulations and to combinemodels and data in sensible ways. Our presentunderstanding of Southern Ocean variability islimited, primarily due to the lack of observations.New tools (including autonomous floats, highlyaccurate satellites and improved numericalmodels) and measurements collected over thelast decade make it now possible to investigatethe variability of the Australian sector of theSouthern Ocean.The CVC program is tackling the issue ofSouthern Ocean variability and change in anumber of ways: collecting new observations ofthe ocean and sea ice; comparing historical datawith more recent measurements to documentchange, often by developing new analysisapproaches; developing a hierarchy of numericalmodels targeted at specific problems; and usingclimate proxies from ice and sediment cores toplace recent variability in a longer-term context.The integration of the research effort acrossdisciplines (ocean, ice and atmosphere; physics,biology and chemistry; present, future andpast climate; observations and modelling) is aparticular strength.In the first two years of the ACE CRC, wecarried out a number of major field programs.We deployed the first Australian Argo floats inthe Southern Ocean. These autonomous floatsmeasure temperature and salinity profilesevery ten days and relay the data by satellite,providing real-time observations of SouthernOcean circulation. Several multi-disciplinaryexpeditions involving the CVC, AME andCO2 programs of ACE have been carried outbetween Australia and Antarctica. New, veryhigh resolution ice cores have been obtainedfrom Law Dome, providing a record of pastclimate with unprecedented temporal resolution.Sea ice experiments have provided essentialground-truth for the next generation of satellitesensors and tested innovative electro-magneticapproaches for determining ice thickness. Thefield work is complemented and integratedwith a variety of numerical simulations. Modelsdeveloped by CVC staff and collaborators includefull coupled climate models used for greenhousewarming simulations and high resolution oceanand ocean-sea ice models for process studies.Both the field work and modelling studiesare generally carried out in the frameworkof national and international collaborations.These collaborations have leveraged substantialoverseas investment in projects of relevance toAustralia over the last three years.Key achievements 2005-06• BROKE-West: A major multi-disciplinaryvoyage surveyed the waters off the Antarcticcontinental margin between 30°E and 80°E,in a joint CVC-AME-CO2 experiment. Amajor goal of the program is to relate thedistribution of krill to ocean circulation.• Antarctic Bottom Water change: Comparisonof new measurements with historical dataconfirms that the bottom water south ofAustralia is undergoing rapid and widespreadchange. Between 1970 and 2005, the bottomwater has become fresher and less dense.Together with results from the NorthernHemisphere, the research suggests both thenorthern and southern limbs of the globaloverturning circulation are responding tochanges in high latitude climate.• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC): CVC scientists have played a leadingrole in drafting the upcoming 4 th AssessmentReport and ACE research featuresprominently in the report.• Publications based on results from LawDome ice cores: Ferretti et al. (Science)demonstrate large unexpected changes inglobal methane sources in the pre-industrialperiod. Landais et al. (Quaternary ScienceReviews) present evidence for large changesin snow accumulation during the Holocene atLaw Dome.• Publication of two major books on polarremote sensing: These were co-authored byCVC scientist Rob Massom.20 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

climate variability & changePlans for 2006-07• CVC scientists will participate in the SAZ-SENSE voyage, led by the ACE CO2 program.The field program will provide new insightsinto the relative roles of physical andbiological factors in driving carbon exportin the Subantarctic Zone and improveour understanding of the formation ofSubantarctic Mode Water.• In a joint experiment with NIWA in NewZealand, we will deploy current metermoorings along the Macquarie Ridgeto measure the flow of the AntarcticCircumpolar Current.• Several CVC scientists will be involved incompleting the IPCC 4 th Assessment Report,including the Technical Summary and theSummary for Policy Makers.• Preparations will continue for a heavyfield season in 2007-08 as part of theInternational Polar Year (IPY). The plannedfieldwork includes a winter sea ice voyageand a joint CVC-AME-CO2 expedition fromAustralia to Antarctica along 140°E. CVCscientists will also be involved in internationalcoordination and organisation of IPYactivities.• Analysis of results from major field programsin 2004-05 and 2005-06 and model studieswill continue.• Activities by the ice core group will includeanalysis and production of finalisedLaw Dome records of accumulation andtemperature proxy; investigation of theprovenance of sea-salts and implicationsfor their interpretation in ice cores;analysis of the GD17 ice core; and a studyof rapid climate change using methanemeasurements from the deep ice core.Project reportsCVC-01: Variability of SouthernOcean currents and air-seainteractionProject leaderSteve Rintoul, CMARProject staffS Sokolov, J Church, CMAR; D Greenslade, JKepert, BMRC; N Bindoff, ACE/CSIRO/TPAC; CCurran, M Rosenberg, ACE; E Fahrbach, AWI; MWilliams, H Neil, NIWA; R Coleman, UTASProject aimWe aim to characterise and understand thevariability of the Southern Ocean and to usethis knowledge to test and improve climatemodels. The outcomes of the research willinclude advances in understanding of SouthernOcean dynamics, improved projections ofclimate variability and change from models thatbetter represent Southern Ocean processes,an enhanced ability to manage and assessthe status of marine ecosystems, and oceancirculation estimates for use in operations suchas search and rescue and transport.Key achievements in 2005-06• BROKE-West: A major multi-disciplinaryvoyage surveyed the waters off the Antarcticcontinental margin between 30°E and 80°E,in a joint CVC-AME-CO2 experiment. Amajor goal of the program is to relate thedistribution of krill to ocean circulation.• CVC scientists made a significant contributionto the 4 th IPCC Assessment Report, includingas Convening Lead Author of Chapter 5– Observations: Oceanic Climate Changeand Sea Level (Bindoff). ACE CRC researchon sea-level and ocean changes featuresprominently in the report.• Studies of changes in water mass propertieshave been extended, demonstrating thatthe warming of Circumpolar Deep Water iscircumpolar in extent and Antarctic BottomWater (AABW) in the Australian-AntarcticBasin is now significantly fresher and lighterthan observed in the 1970s.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 21

climate variability & changeCVC-04: Simulation of iceocean-atmosphereinteractionand climateProject leaderNathan Bindoff, UTAS/CMARProject staffS Marsland, R Murray, ACE; T Hirst, S O’Farrell,CMAR; J Roberts, TPAC; P Heil, G Hyland, RWarner, AAD; N Adams, S Pendlebury, P Reid,BoM; O Alves, N Smith, F Tseitkin, BMRC; PPetrelli, University of Sienna (Italy)Project AimSeasonal and decadal variations and long termtrends in Southern Ocean water masses (e.g., intemperature, salinity, currents, etc.) are poorlyunderstood at present. We are researching theprocesses that are central to understandingclimate variability near Australia and Antarctica,and are also involved in activities related to theforecasting of sea ice motion.We are using numerical simulations of theSouthern Ocean and its components, which aretested and validated against observational datafrom the other ACE CRC research programs. Thisallows us to diagnose the important processesacting in the Southern Ocean that both influenceand respond to global and regional climate. Theenhanced climate models resulting from thisresearch will deliver more reliable projections ofclimate variability and change and their impacts.• A new set of climate scenarios have beenrun with the CSIRO Mk3.5, which has animproved ACC and stratification in SouthernOcean. Analyses of these results areunderway.• The variability of the sea ice in the Mk3.0and Mk3.5 models has been analysed withstrengths of links with El Niño SouthernOscillation (ENSO), Southern Annular Mode(SAM) and Southern Ocean overturning ineach sector calculated.• The digital library on the national APAC gridhas been released. The library has beenaugmented with key ACE CRC data, includingArgo data, new altimetry products, Modiscolour simulations, IPCC model simulations,ACE high resolution model simulations,and enhanced search and browse facilities.Most of these data are central to ACE CRCdeliverables, and being used across theACE CRC programs. We have completed arobust web crawler for OpenDAP sites thatscales to data sets that includes millions offiles. Twenty-five Terabytes are now undermanagement across Australia.• Technical improvements have been madein grid design for numerical models and inparticular for the AusCOM model.• New results are emerging on the changes ofwater mass distributions, ocean ventilationand subduction rates and ocean stratificationfrom IPCC class models. These model resultshave a high degree of correspondence to theresults from the observational program.Key achievements in 2005-06• Assessment of sensitivity of Adélie LandBottom Water Formation in response tochanged atmospheric conditions in theclimate system has been completed and isundergoing revision.• The variations in the Indian Ocean at 32°Shave now been explained in terms of theprocesses of ocean advection and sea surfacetemperature changes. These processes in thisregion agree with the mechanisms of Bindoffand McDougall (2001).• New model analyses show that the meanocean flow is highly correlated to eddygeneration. Most significant heat transportby eddies is north of the Sub-Antarctic Frontassociated with the Agulhas retroflection.24 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

climate variability & changeProgress against contractual milestonesOutcome: Estimates of sea level change resulting from anthropogenic climate change used as one ofthe bases for intergovernmental climate change negotiations.Output / Milestone Date ProgressComplete circumpolar oceanographic 2004 Completed.transect at 30°S, with JapanEstablishment of initial data assimilationexperiments in ocean-only modelCreation of historical and real-time oceandatabase systemComplete oceanographic transects at 115°E(WOCE I9) and across Kerguelen boundarycurrent (joint with CO2), collaboration withJapan. Complementary observations at 0°Eby AWI (Germany)Complete oceanographic survey of shelf/slope waters between 30°E and 80°E (jointwith AME; collaboration with Germany)Assessment of the variability of SouthernOcean currents and sea iceQuantify transport and variability of bottomwaters in Australian sector (with Japan) andcompare to Atlantic sector (with Germany)Deploy array of Argo profiling floats(collaboration with Germany, USA and othernations).Assess influence of projected changes inSouthern Ocean climate on basal meltingof ice shelves and assess impact on theSouthern Ocean of resulting changes onfreshwater inputs and / or changes iniceberg dischargeEstimation of overturning strength fromWOCE data using inverse modelsEstimation of sensitivity of overturningstrength to changes driven from differentforcing scenariosCensus of water mass changes from recentand historical dataProduction of ocean analyses for theAustralian sector by data assimilation model2005 In partnership with CSIRO Bluelink project,initial data assimilation runs completed forAustralian sector of the Southern Ocean.Companion high resolution model studieshave also been completed.2005 Digital data libraries established. This libraryhas continued to be developed and includesa unique ‘crawler’ for OpenDAP sites.2005 Completed.2006 Completed (refer comments elsewhere onBROKE-West survey).2006,2010Analysis of variability and change of southernocean water masses and sea ice has beencompleted and published in several papers.2007 In progress. Quality control or mooring dataunderway.2007 Continuing. 45 floats deployed between July2003 and April 2006.2007 Underway. Recent changes in AntarcticBottom Water have been attributed toenhanced basal melting of ice shelves. Anocean – ice shelf model has been developedand is being used to conduct sensitivitystudies.2008 Inverse model under construction.2008 Global coupled model under development.Sensitivity studies have been completed witha high resolution ocean-ice model.2008 Work is underway. Work on changes inseveral Southern Ocean water masses hasbeen published.2008 Preliminary ocean analyses completed, inpartnership with Bluelink project.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 25

climate variability & changeOutput / Milestone Date ProgressAssessment of variability and change of thesea ice mass budget in the Indian Oceansector of the Southern OceanIdentification and quantification of physicalmechanisms driving variability in the oceanicesystem in the Australian Antarctic sectorPast changes of annual-to-centennial scaleclimate variability in the Southern Ocean, itssea ice cover and the southern atmosphereinferred from ice core proxy recordsProduction of scenarios of changes inSouthern Ocean circulation and sea ice andtheir impact on ecosystems, carbon uptakeand sea level riseOperational, fully-coupled ocean-sea iceanalysis and forecast system2008 Work is underway. New approaches arebeing developed to combine ship-based andremote sensing data to derive maps of seaice thickness.2009 Study of mechanisms has begun, includinguse of records of past climate derived fromice core proxies.2009 Underway. Ice core proxies have so far beenused to derive a record of a decline in sea iceextent and an index of the southern annularmode circulation in the atmosphere, amongothers.2009 Climate change runs completed andsubmitted to IPCC (in partnership withCSIRO). Improvements to the climatemodels are underway. Impacts not yetassessed.2010 Coupled model under development. Seaice analysis based on remote sensing is inprogress.26 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

ocean control of carbon dioxideProgram LeaderAssoc Prof Tom TrullUniversity of Tasmania andCSIRO Marine & AtmosphericResearchThe ocean currently absorbs about onethirdof the carbon dioxide (CO 2) emittedby human activities. This reduces thebuild-up of greenhouse gases in theatmosphere, but makes the ocean moreacidic and may have a major impact onmarine ecosystems.Determining CO 2uptake and its effecton the ocean, and relating this to thelarger goal of predicting human-inducedglobal change, requires considerationof natural climate processes and theirinteraction with the global carbon cycle.New knowledge arising from the ACE CRCOcean Control of Carbon Dioxide Programwill help Australia plan effectively formitigation and adaptation in response toa changing climate.Program Objectives• To determine the current magnitude ofuptake of anthropogenic atmosphericCO 2by the Southern Ocean south ofAustralia. To predict future atmosphericconcentrations of greenhouse gases, we needto know how much CO 2is currently absorbedby the ocean. Work by the ACE CRC iscontributing to an assessment of global oceanuptake and helping quantify relationshipsamong ocean circulation and CO 2transfersbetween the atmosphere and the ocean.• To determine the role of upper oceandynamics in the control of phytoplanktonproduction and biological carbon exportto the deep ocean. ACE CRC researchersare collecting and analysing suspended andsinking marine particles and documenting theecological processes that form and destroythem. These particles redistribute carbon,nutrients and other elements within theocean. Understanding the transfer rates ofthe particles between the surface and thedeep ocean is important for understandingthe contributions of the Southern Ocean tothe control of atmospheric CO 2.• To determine the influence of ironavailability on Southern Ocean planktoncommunity structure and the associatedecosystem control of carbon transferto the deep ocean. ACE CRC scientistsare examining the availability of iron andother micro-nutrients in the Southern Oceanthrough extensive field mapping, samplingand laboratory analyses. Documenting thedistribution of iron in surface and deepwaters, and understanding the processes thatsupply iron and remove it from the SouthernOcean will help us assess the benefits andrisks of proposals to increase biologicalsequestration of carbon through controllediron fertilisation.• To determine the impact of increasingCO 2concentrations on phytoplanktonand on the relative growth rates ofdifferent classes of Southern Oceanphytoplankton. In order to predict thefuture capacity for biological uptake of CO 2into the ocean, we need to understandhow phytoplankton communities andassociated ecosystems will respond toincreased concentrations of CO 2. ACECRC scientists from this program and theAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 27

ocean control of carbon dioxideAntarctic Marine Ecosystems Program areexploring these processes through laboratoryexperiments and field studies. The resultswill be incorporated into computer modelsthat will allow us to assess the impact ofglobal change on marine ecosystems in theSouthern Ocean.• To develop simulations of futurescenarios of global and regional oceancarbon cycle dynamics. We will providetools to incorporate data from ACE CRC fieldprograms and other international researchefforts into regional and global assessmentsof potential changes in the ocean carboncycle. These assessments can assistAustralian and other governments in devisingeffective short- and long-term mitigationand adaptation strategies to future climatechange.OverviewThe ACE CRC CO2 Program is providinginformation to address two aspects of societalconcern about the impacts of rising emissions ofCO 2:• To what degree can uptake of CO 2by theocean help keep atmospheric levels of CO 2low?• How will the accumulation of our CO 2emissions in the ocean affect marineecosystems?These questions are global in scope, and cannotbe answered by any single research program,institution, or nation on its own. We have beenboth participants and leaders of long-terminternational programs (World Ocean CirculationExperiment [WOCE], Climate Variability &Predictability Study [CLIVAR], Joint Global OceanFlux Study [JGOFS], Surface Ocean – LowerAtmosphere Study [SOLAS], GEOTRACES andGlobal Ocean Observing System [GOOS]) andmulti-national regional investigations (KEOPS,VERTIGO, SAFE, AMT, l’ASTROLABE). Our workhas received external funding from agencies inEurope, the United States and Asia.ACE CRC research in the CO2 Program hasmade major advances in the understandingand quantification of the role of the SouthernOcean in the control of atmospheric CO 2overthe past three years. We have educated 9 PhDand 3 Honours students in integrated, solutionfocusedcollaborative research of internationalquality. Our program has published more than30 refereed publications and book chapters, andprovided many more presentations to researchand public fora.Our research results are useful both ininternational assessment processes, suchas the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange for the assembly of global outlooks,and for Australian agencies addressing emissionmanagement and policy and planning for climatechange.Key achievements 2005-06• Natural iron input studies: Quantification ofthe natural iron input from deep waters andsediments that fuels elevated phytoplanktonproduction over the Kerguelen plateau in theSouthern Ocean demonstrated that this inputleads to much greater transfer of carbon tothe ocean interior than has been observedin short-term artificial iron fertilisationexperiments (in collaboration with Europeanresearchers, Blain et al., Nature, in review).• Impact of sea ice on atmospheric CO 2exchange: We demonstrated that the longheldassumption that there is negligibleexchange of atmospheric CO 2exchange withsea ice covered oceans is incorrect, indicatingthat climate models must include bothphysical and biological aspects of sea ice gasdynamics to correctly simulate atmosphericcarbon budgets (in collaboration withEuropean researchers; Delille et al., Nature,in review).• Simulation of future ocean acidification as aresult of continued uptake of anthropogenicCO 2: This suggests there will be majorimpacts on carbonate-shell formingorganisms, and that the greatest effectsare likely to occur in Antarctic waters(in collaboration with US, European, andJapanese researchers, Orr et al., Nature,2005).• Ocean acidification monitoring: A program tomonitor the response of marine organisms toocean acidification has been initiated.28 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

ocean control of carbon dioxidePlans for 2006-07We will lead 3 major field programs in thecoming year:• Development of our 'PULSE' automatedbiogeochemical measurement surfacemooring in the Sub-Antarctic Zone (SAZ) toaugment our deep moored sediment traps,with the addition of additional sensors inearly spring and subsequent service visits inmid-summer and late autumn.• Underway observations from the Frenchresupply vessel l’Astrolabe on upper oceancarbon cycling and continued examinationof phytoplankton responses to oceanacidification.• A month-long study onboard AuroraAustralis of the controls on SAZ productivityand carbon cycling and their sensitivity toclimate change (SAZ-SENSE). This projectwill compare low productivity waters west ofTasmania with higher productivity waters tothe east. It will also expose phytoplanktoncommunities to elevated CO 2levels todetermine their responses, and examineforaminifera (carbonate-shell formingzooplankton) compositions for comparison tosedimentary records of past ocean pH (withfunding from the Australian GreenhouseOffice).We will advance the simulation of SouthernOcean biogeochemical cycles, phytoplanktonproduction, and microbial ecosystem structure,with emphasis on:• Controls on elevated phytoplanktonaccumulation over the naturally iron-fertilisedKerguelen plateau.• Interactions between climate warming andanthropogenic CO 2uptake in terms of theiraffect on ocean acidity.Ongoing synthesis and delivery of our researchwill include six presentations at the internationalScientific Committee on Antarctic Research(SCAR) meeting in Hobart in July 2006, andpublication in peer-reviewed journals. Some ofthe contributions currently in review are detailedin the Project reports.Project reportsCO2-01: Carbon uptake in theSouthern OceanProject leaderBronte Tilbrook, CMARProject staffM Pretty, K Paterson, CMARProject AimThis project will describe the variability andlarge-scale biological and physical drivers ofthe air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide (CO 2)in the Southern Ocean, south of Australia. Theresults will better define the critical role of theSouthern Ocean in controlling atmosphericCO 2concentrations, and allow more robustpredictions of how the Southern Ocean uptakemay be altered in future under changed climaticconditions. The research will contribute to amajor new initiative to determine regional andglobal scale carbon budgets, which are requiredto develop useful strategies to manage futureCO 2emissions and their environmental impacts.Key achievements in 2005-06• Analysis of the full hydrographic sectioncompleted in 2005 from Australia toAntarctica along the WOCE-CLIVAR I9S linesouth of Fremantle revealed increases in CO 2and decreases in dissolved O 2concentrationsfor mode and intermediate waters, comparedto 1995 results from the same sectionobtained by the USA. These results areconsistent with continued CO 2uptake andstorage in sub-Antarctic waters leading toa pH decrease in the region. The oxygenchanges are consistent with previous workfrom the Biogeochemical Simulation Projectsuggesting that the overturning circulationthat carries CO 2and O 2into the ocean interioris slowing in response to climate warming,but could also represent shorter term climateand ocean variability.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 29

ocean control of carbon dioxide• Demonstration that the long held assumptionthat there is negligible exchange ofatmospheric CO 2exchange with sea-icecovered oceans is incorrect suggests thatclimate models must include both physicaland biological aspects of sea ice gasdynamics to correctly simulate atmosphericcarbon budgets (in collaboration withEuropean researchers; Delille et al., Nature,in review).• Advances in observational strategies forocean biogeochemical characteristics includedi) expansion of the underway observationprogram to measure estimate of gross andnet phytoplankton production from dissolvedO 2/Ar ratios (in collaboration with PrincetonUniversity) and ii) initial deployments ofautonomous profiling Argo floats equippedwith oxygen sensors to monitor oxygenchanges remotely at low cost and in realtime.CO2-02: Carbon ExportProcessesProject leaderTom Trull, UTAS/CMARProject staffL Armand, S Bray, D Davies, W Howard, C Moy,T Remenyi, L Robertson, M Rosenberg, ACE; BGriffiths, D McLaughlin, L Pender, C Rathbone,CMAR; L Forbes, UTAS; P Boyd, S Nodder, NIWAProject AimWe are estimating rates of transfer of particulatecarbon between the ocean surface and thedeep sea, identifying the major processes thatcontrol these rates, and developing conceptualmodels of the sensitivity of these processes toclimate variability and change. A clearer view ofthe role of the ‘biological pump’ (the transfer ofcarbon to the deep sea in particulate form) in theSouthern Ocean in regulating atmospheric CO 2isa necessary step towards the development andverification of reliable carbon cycle models forthe simulation of future atmospheric CO 2levelsand thus future climate change. Understandingof the modern biological pump is also a usefulaid in the interpretation of past changes in theSouthern Ocean environment, and thus theirapplication to estimating future changes.Key achievements in 2005-06• Demonstration that carbon export to theocean interior from the naturally ironfertilised,high phytoplankton biomass watersover the Kerguelen plateau in the Indiansector of the Southern Ocean is large perunit of iron supplied. This contrasts stronglywith the results of short-term artificial ironfertilisation experiments which found lowcarbon export efficiencies. This work wasundertaken in collaboration with the CO2-03:Iron Biogeochemistry project and Europeanresearchers as part of the French KEOPSprogram (Blain et al., Nature, in review).• Demonstration that the carbon isotopiccomposition of Southern Ocean deep watermasses has closely tracked that of the Pacificover most of the past 160,000 years (Moy,Howard, and Gagan, in press, Journal ofQuaternary Science). These new data fromSouth Tasman Rise challenge the traditionalview that the North Atlantic component of the‘conveyor belt’ circulation usually modulatesthe composition of Southern Ocean deepwater masses. Similarly, these resultssuggest that the conveyor belt circulation hasbeen active throughout the late Pleistoceneand not, as thought previously, ‘shut off’during glacial stages.• Advances in observational strategiesfor the measurement of biogeochemicalproperties, including i) development ofviscous polyacrylamide gels for the insitu deceleration and isolation of fragilemarine aggregates for photo-micrometriccharacterisation (Ebersbach and Trull,Limnology and Oceanography, in review); ii)deployment of an in situ settling column to30 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

ocean control of carbon dioxideseparate particles by sinking rates – a keycontrol on carbon export (in collaborationwith American researchers in the ‘VERTIGO’Vertical Flux in the Global Ocean program);iii) deployment of the PULSE mooring– the first surface-mooring in the openSouthern Ocean based on an innovativeshock-dampening design, with the goal ofobtaining continuous observations of mixedlayer depth, light levels, and in later yearsphytoplankton and nutrient concentrationsto address the role of surface dynamicsin the control of ecosystem structure andcarbon export; iv) development of analyticalmethods for particulate carbonate andparticulate silicate concentrations; and v)critical reviews of sediment trap techniques(Buesseler et al., Journal of Marine Research,in review) and the application of 234 Thdisequilibria to the estimation of carbonexport (Buesseler et al., Marine Chemistry,2006).CO2-03: Iron biogeochemistryProject leaderAndrew Bowie, ACE CRCProject staffS Bray, T Remenyi, L Robertson, ACE; E Butler,CMAR; P Boyd, NIWAKey achievements in 2005-06• Demonstration that elevated phytoplanktonbiomass over the Kerguelen plateau in theIndian sector of the Southern Ocean as seenin satellite remote sensing images is fuelledby iron inputs from deep waters, and thusthis region represents an area of naturalpersistent iron fertilisation that can informdebate about the role of iron in the control ofatmospheric CO 2. This work was undertakenin collaboration with the Carbon ExportProcesses project and European researchersas part of the French KEOPS program (Blainet al., Nature, in review).• Demonstration that dissolved ironconcentrations are low in surface watersalong the WOCE/Clivar transect fromTasmania to Australia with early springdepletion in polar waters, but evidenceof continued inputs into summer in sub-Antarctic waters from sources to the north(Sedwick et al., Deep-Sea Research, inreview).• Advances in observational strategies for themeasurement of biogeochemical properties,including i) international intercomparison ofiron analytical techniques (Bowie et al., 2006)and ii) trace-metal clean size-fractionationfiltration techniques.Project AimWe are evaluating the importance of iron andother trace micronutrient elements in drivingSouthern Ocean biogeochemical cycles. Theresearch team will map the distribution ofdissolved iron in waters south of Australia,fingerprint supply and removal mechanisms,and quantify trace element limitation ofphytoplankton growth and community structurein sub-Antarctic ecosystems. This project willfeed vital information on the prevalence andflux of trace elements into biogeochemical andecosystem models of the region, thus allowing aprediction of the role of Southern Ocean biologyin past and future regulation of atmospheric CO 2through ecosystem control of carbon transferto the deep ocean. The research will assessthe risk and efficacy of proposals to increasecarbon sequestration through intentional ironfertilisation of the Southern Ocean.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 31

ocean control of carbon dioxideCO2-04: Effect of elevated CO 2on phytoplanktonProject leaderSimon Wright, AADProject staffA Davidson, F Scott, P Thomson, R van denEnden, K Westwood, AAD; W Howard, A Moy,ACE; B Griffiths, B Tilbrook, CMAR; G Hallegraeff,UTAS; T Trull, CMAR/UTASProject AimThis project will describe how Southern Oceanphytoplankton and microbial communities willchange as atmospheric CO 2concentrationsincrease. The research team will study thelikely changes in phytoplankton species andsize distribution, in rates of uptake of carbondioxide through photosynthesis, and the extentto which CO 2is recycled through the microbialloop or sedimented to the deep ocean. Thisknowledge is vital to predictions of the role ofthe Southern Ocean in absorbing and storingCO 2produced through human activity and soits role in influencing global carbon budgets.The results will also be important for developingecosystem models that allow assessment ofimpacts of climate change on Antarctic marineecosystems and provide advice for ecosystembased management of Southern Ocean fisheries,particularly those regulated through CCAMLR.Key achievements in 2005-06• The distribution and carbonate shellcharacteristics of the globally importantphytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi weredetermined from samples collected by theunderway observation program onboard theFrench Antarctic resupply ship l’Astrolabe.In comparison to results from the 1980s,E. huxleyi populations showed expansionsouthward all the way to the Antarctic seaice, but with lower calcification in southernsamples. This poleward expansion parallelsresults from the Northern Hemisphere andmay be a response to ocean warming. Thereduced calcification is consistent withexpectations from laboratory experimentson the response to ocean acidificationby anthropogenic CO 2. This complexityof response to global change typifies thedifficulty of ecosystem predictions and alsothe occurrence of transient states as thesystem evolves.• Initiation of a study of the genetic diversityof E. huxleyi phytoplankton as the next stepin understanding their response to oceanacidification.• Award of research funds from the AustralianGreenhouse Office to initiate a study intothe links between ocean acidity and thecarbonate shell compositions of SouthernOcean foraminifera (a globally important typeof amoebic zooplankton).• This project has growing collaborations withour partner agencies, including S Blackburnand P Thompson (CMAR) and U Bjima (AWI).32 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

ocean control of carbon dioxideCO2-05: BiogeochemicalsimulationsProject leaderRichard Matear – CMARProject staffM Mongin, T Roy, ACE; M Nuñez, L Forbes, UTAS;C Rathbone, T Moore, CMAR; T Trull CMAR/UTASProject AimThrough the development and application ofocean carbon models, we are quantifying theSouthern Ocean uptake of atmospheric CO 2and exploring potential feedbacks of projectedglobal warming on this uptake. The results ofthis research will be vital to predicting the rolethe Southern Ocean will play in absorbing andstoring anthropogenic CO 2in the future and,therefore, how future atmospheric CO 2levels willevolve.• Investigation of possible microbial ecosystemresponses to elevated iron inputs andocean stratification using a model tuned toreproduce seasonal cycles at the Kerfix PolarFrontal Zone time series site suggests that10-fold increases in aerosol iron deliveryare insufficient to induce significant change,but that 100-fold and, especially, 1000-fold increases lead to significant increasesin production and changes in ecosystemstructure. Increased stratification ofthe upper water column in response toapproximately 3-fold decreases in windstresses can induce similar increasesin production, emphasising that lightlimitation is also a key factor in SouthernOcean productivity (Mongin et al., GlobalBiogeochemical Cycles, in review).Key achievements in 2005-06• Simulation of ocean acidification through theend of this century suggests major impactson carbonate-shell forming organisms, andthat the greatest effects are likely to occurin Antarctic waters (in collaboration with US,European, and Japanese researchers, Orret al., Nature, 2005). This work emphasisesthe direct effect of anthropogenic CO 2onmarine ecosystem, which is not dependent onclimate warming.• Assessment of spatial and temporal variabilityof air-sea CO 2exchange in the SouthernOcean from a global ocean circulationand biogeochemical model suggests thatmeasuring uptake with sufficient precision tocapture interannual variability in the net fluxover the whole Southern Ocean will requirean approximate two-fold improvementspatial coverage by observational networks(Lenton et al., Global Biogeochemical Cycles,in review). Further investigation suggeststhat large scale atmospheric dynamics (theSouthern Annular Mode) are importantdrivers of internannual variability (Lentonand Matear, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, inreview).Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 33

ocean control of carbon dioxideProgress against contractual milestonesOutput / Milestone Date ProgressAn estimate of the current inventory ofanthropogenic CO 2in the Southern Oceansouth of AustraliaMeasurement of anthropogenic CO 2contents along the WOCE/CLIVAR I9 sectionfrom Western Australia to AntarcticaMeasurement of anthropogenic CO 2contentson a transect along the Antarctic shelfMeasurement of anthropogenic CO 2contents along the WOCE/CLIVAR SR3section from Tasmania to AntarcticaDetermination of the role of stratification inbiological carbon export to the deep sea, toinform estimates of future carbon export inan increasingly stratified oceanDevelopment of a model with explicitecosystem structure linking stratificationand export over seasonal timescalesComparison of the model to observationsof stratification and surface export in theSouthern Ocean south of Australia1 stestimate2005; 2 ndestimate2009First milestone achieved ahead of timein 2004: Publication of Southern Oceaninventory as part of global compilation(Sabine et al., Science, 2004). On track forsecond milestone in 2009.2005 Milestone delayed but now completed.Field sampling completed in 2005, butanalysis delayed until 2006 because ofstaff medical issues preventing at-seaanalysis. Analysis now complete.2006 Milestone achieved, although lack of CFCmeasurements as a result of unavailabilityof international collaborators willrestrict the quality of anthropogenic CO 2estimates. Development of CFC analyticalcapability in Australia is needed butbeyond the scope of the ACE CRC. Fieldprogram completed in 2006 in concert withthe ACE AME Program Broke-West project,data synthesis initiated, project on-trackfor publication in 2007.2008 This work is planned for a voyage in 2008jointly with the CVC Program, as partof the International Polar Year and inconjunction with the Census of AntarcticMarine Life.2005-07 Delayed more than 1 year by initialmooring equipment failures. Automatedmeasurement ‘PULSE’ mooring successfullydeployed in March 2006. 2006-07 will becrucial for this project.2006 Milestone achieved: 1-D model developedand first application to seasonalsimulations completed (Mongin et al., inreview).2008 On track: Tuning of the model scheduledfor 2007, and comparison to data in2008. Observations from PULSE mooringpending. Successful proposal to AustralianAntarctic Science program for major fieldprogram in 2007 (SAZ-SENSE) will provideadditional observations. Participation in USNSF-funded VERTIGO program providesadditional perspectives.34 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

ocean control of carbon dioxideOutput / Milestone Date ProgressComparison of the model to observationsof export to deep sediment traps in theSouthern Ocean south of AustraliaDetermination of the role of iron limitationin biological carbon export to the deep seaExamination of the links between ironsupply and export in an area of natural ironinputsQuantification of the response of SouthernOcean ecosystems to persistent natural ironfertilisationDetermination of the role of elevated CO 2levels on phytoplankton communities2010 Progress towards milestone slowed by twomaternity leaves in 2006-07, but alternatestaffing plans under development andmilestone should be achieved on time.Deep sediment trap samples successfullyobtained and currently being analysedusing newly developed methods forparticulate carbonates and silicates.Field study in 2005 of the naturally ironfertilised waters over the Kerguelenplateau by ACE CO2 program researchersduring the French-led KEOPS programsuggested that the additional iron supplyin these waters produces a very efficientcarbon export to depth – at least 10 timeshigher than that observed in artificial ironfertilisation experiments. Currently inreview for publication in Nature.2003-05 Program delayed 1.5 years by internationalpartner shipping schedule change.KEOPS field program completed in 2005.Analyses ongoing in 2006, first papers inreview (Blain et al., Ebersbach and Trull),additional publications expected in 2007.2006-07and 2009;efficacy& riskassessed2006 &2010Strong but delayed progress (see abovemilestone) with completion of KEOPSfield program in 2005, first researchpapers in review in 2006, and additionalpapers expected in 2007. Assessment ofefficacy expected in 2007, but evaluationof risk requires further conceptual andexperimental advances.2007 Initial results achieved ahead of time withpublication of paper on expected changesin ocean acidification (Orr et al., 2005).Major field program SAZ-SENSE to addressphytoplankton community responsesscheduled for early 2007 but analysis andpublication likely to be delayed until 2008.Additional study of this problem scheduledfor 2007 with supplementary funding fromAGO.Laboratory experiments under elevated CO 22007 Large tanks are currently being modified toallow work under elevated CO 2levels, withthe first experiments to be carried out inJanuary 2007 during the SAZ-SENSE fieldprogram.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 35

antarctic marine ecosystemsProgram LeaderDr Andrew ConstableAustralian Antarctic DivisionThe Southern Ocean, in particular thecoastal region around Antarctica, hostsa vast and complex marine ecosystemthat supports the fisheries of Australiaand several other nations. This importantregion is internationally acknowledged asregion of great ecological importance, butit remains relatively under-sampled andpoorly understood.The ACE CRC Antarctic MarineEcosystems Program is exploringrelationships among the biologicalpatterns and processes of the marineecosystem around East Antarctica andrelating them to physical oceanographicprocesses. This knowledge will help guideAustralian government and industrydecision-makers in the formulation ofpolicy and management strategies inresponse to harvest of some resourcesand to future climate change.Program Objectives• To identify how biological productivityis affected by sea ice extent andproperties, and by ocean circulation.Productivity in the Southern Ocean hasbeen linked to the winter sea ice cover andto large-scale ocean circulation patterns,both of which are sensitive to climatechange. ACE CRC researchers are combiningoceanographic data, satellite data and ship-based observations with historical data fromice and sediment cores, penguin rookeriesand operational records. They will use thisdata to test the hypothesis that reduced seaice extent due to climate warming or otherfactors will lead to a smaller sea ice algalcommunity and to explore what impactssuch changes would have further up the foodchain.• To quantify and describe processes thatlink sea ice, and primary and secondaryproductivity. The linkage between thephysical environment and the Antarcticmarine food web is poorly understood atpresent. ACE CRC research will result inmodels of the small scale processes linkingthe physical and biological components ofthe system. The models will be used as thebasis for predicting the impacts of physical orbiological changes on the overall function ofthe Antarctic marine ecosystem.• To project the effects of long-termchange on Antarctic ecosystems. TheAntarctic environment is highly variable inspace and time. We need to account for thisvariation in ecosystem processes in order todevelop accurate predictive models for theSouthern Ocean. We also need improvedmodels to predict how local changes causedby climate change and fisheries might impactthe greater ecosystem. ACE CRC scientistsare using remote sensing of ocean colourand water movements, as well as field-basedoceanographic and biological measurements,to improve our abilities to accurately modelthe effects of ocean circulation and sea ice onbiological productivity.• To translate predictions of the effectsof climate change on SouthernOcean ecosystems into sustainablemanagement models. A combination36 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

antarctic marine ecosystemsof field data and models will be used topredict the effects of ecosystem changeson harvested species and the food web.This work will also be used in combinationwith credible models of fishery dynamicsto promote more effective management ofmarine living resources.OverviewMost marine life is found in the surface mixedlayer of the ocean, typically to about 200 metresdeep, where light from above and nutrients frombelow provide the foundations of productivity.Many of the vertebrate species (e.g., whales,seals and penguins) of the Antarctic region areof high conservation value and depend primarilyon Antarctic krill for food. The current inabilityto predict the effects of environmental changeson their populations makes it difficult for bodiessuch as the Commission for the Conservationof Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)and the International Whaling Commission(IWC) to establish sound long-term managementstrategies.Australian research has already highlightedthe structure and dynamics of the krill-basedSouthern Ocean ecosystem. Much of thisresearch has led to the adoption by CCAMLR,to which Australia is a signatory, of manyprecautionary proposals for managementof biological resources around Antarctica.CCAMLR manages the krill harvest, which is theAntarctic’s largest fishery and the one with thegreatest potential to impact widely on the foodweb in the region. The krill fishery is projected toexpand into one of the world’s largest fisheries,yet the effects of climate change on krill stocks,and on the species dependent on krill (seabirds,penguins, seals and whales), are unknown.The ACE CRC is examining the predictedenvironmental changes and their implicationsfor sustainable management of SouthernOcean fisheries and the marine life protectedthrough CCAMLR. During the first two years,we developed a framework for elaboratingecosystem models of the Southern Oceanand created conceptual ecological modelsfor key taxa, including krill, in the Antarcticmarine food web. We also analysed large-scaledatasets of ice and ocean colour to elaboratean empirical model of primary production in thesea ice zone of eastern Antarctica and madesubstantial progress in developing under-icesensing capability to measure in situ chlorophyllabundance in the sea ice zone.Key achievements 2005-06• Completion of BROKE-West Survey: TheBROKE-West expedition surveyed more than1 million square kilometres of the SouthernOcean, gathering data on krill populationsand physical oceanographic properties.• Proposal for multidisciplinary sea ice studyin 2007: A 30-day early season cruise wasapproved by both the Physical Sciencesand the Life Sciences Antarctic ResearchAssessment Committee (ARAC).• Sea ice algal distribution: A conceptual modelfor large-scale sea ice algal distribution wasdeveloped.• Krill population model: A spatially-structuredkrill population model based on empiricalmeasurements was developed for thesouthwest Atlantic.• Physical regionalisation of the SouthernOcean: Methods have been developed toassist in compartmentalising the ecosystemmodels as well as for providing a foundationfor reviewing the biological diversity in theSouthern Ocean.Plans for 2006-07• Testing of optical sensor (hyperspectralradiometer) for remote and non-invasivedetermination of ice algae distribution(Polarstern cruise).• Coordination of multidisciplinary sea icecruise (September 2007).• Scoping out the development of the fullycoupledbiophysical model.• Completion of the physical regionalisation ofthe Southern Ocean.• Further development of components ofa Southern Ocean ecosystem model,particularly model linkages between thephysical environment and krill productivity.• Analysis and publication of BROKE-Westresults.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 37

antarctic marine ecosystemsProject reportsAME-01: Dynamic modelling ofthe Antarctic marine ecosystem• Initial development of a one-dimensionalmodel linking physical parameters, primaryproduction and secondary production (krill).Project leaderAndrew Constable, AADProject staffB Pasquer, K Meiners, G Williams, M Mongin,S Marsland, T Roy, ACE; P Heil, R Leaper, LEmmerson, I Ball, S Candy, S Frydman, RWarner, AAD; J Roberts, TPACProject AimWe are developing a framework for marineecosystem modelling, including a coupledbiophysical model of the Southern Ocean, inorder to explore and assess the consequencesof historical exploitation of biota in theSouthern Ocean, the ecological sustainabilityof exploitation and conservation strategies inthe Southern Ocean, and the impacts of climatechange on the ecology of the Southern Ocean. Akey outcome will be to provide flexible softwarethat can be used by researchers to simulate theSouthern Ocean ecosystem at any scale.Key achievements in 2005-06• Development of a spatially-structured krillpopulation model for the southwest Atlanticbased on empirical measurements of therelationship of growth, reproduction andrecruitment to sea surface temperature,chlorophyll and sea ice concentration andextent.• Development of a prototype interface for theecosystem modelling framework to assistusers in managing computer simulation code,input parameters as well as output data,graphics and analytical routines.• Development of an algorithm to dividethe Southern Ocean into bio-physicalregions using satellite data on sea surfaceheight, temperature, chlorophyll, sea iceconcentration and bathymetry. These biophysicalregions will be used to assist incompartmentalising the ecosystem models,as well as to provide a foundation forreviewing the biological diversity in theSouthern Ocean.AME-02: Processes linkingphysical and biologicalelements in the sea ice zoneProject leaderKlaus Meiners, ACE CRCProject staffS Nicol, A Constable, T Jarvis, B Raymond, ADavidson, S Wright, S Kawaguchi, V Lytle, AWorby, R Massom, AAD; A McMinn, UTAS; GWilliams, S Marsland, ACEProject AimOur aim is to identify and quantify the relativeimportance of processes that link physicaland biological elements of Antarctic marineecosystems in the sea ice zone. In particular,we are evaluating the effect of sea ice on theproductivity of these ecosystems.The results will provide information for thedevelopment and validation of an ecosystemmodelling framework that will enableassessments of the impact of historical andpotential future changes on Antarctic marineecosystems. The findings of the project willhelp improve the science-based developmentof sustainable management and conservationplans by CCAMLR and the International WhalingCommission (IWC).Key achievements in 2005-06• Development of conceptual model for thelarge scale-distribution of sea ice algae offEast Antarctica.• Proposal for multidisciplinary sea ice studyin 2007 (early season cruise, 30 days shiptime) approved by both the Physical Sciencesand the Life Sciences Antarctic ResearchAssessment Committee (ARAC).38 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

antarctic marine ecosystemsAME-03: Factors influencinglarge-scale regional dynamicsProject leaderSteve Nicol, AADProject staffG Williams, K Meiners, R Massom, ACE; BRaymond, AAD; M Hindell, UTASProject AimOur goal is to describe the large-scalerelationships between the biological patterns andoceanographic processes of marine ecosystemof the Southern Ocean around East Antarcticaand to use this knowledge to assess the impactof climate change. This research will provideinformation that can help guide Australiangovernment and industry decision-makers in theformulation of policy and management strategiesin response to future climate change.Key achievements in 2005-06• Workshop on East Antarctic change.• Review paper in Nature on the polar oceanecosystems and climate change (August2005).• Presentation of a number of interdisciplinarytalks and posters at the internationalDynamic Planet meeting in Cairns in August.• Publication of conceptual model of krill lifehistory in relation to physical environment(February 2006).• Submission of 2 manuscripts analysing 2003KAOS data to SO-GLOBEC special Issue(December 2005).AME-04: BROKE-West – anintegrated survey of the watersbetween 30 o and 80 o East(CCAMLR Division 58.4.2)Project leaderSteve Nicol, AADProject staffG Williams, K Meiners, ACE; J Gedamke, GHosie, T Jarvis, S Kawaguchi, G Roberston, BRaymond, S Wright, AAD; D Thiele, DeakinUniversity; T Trull, N Bindoff, UTAS/CMAR; FVolckaert, Universiteit LeuvenProject AimOur aim is to survey the krill biomass in thesouthwest Indian Ocean between 30° and 80°Ein January-March 2006 and to obtain a full suiteof ecological measurements in order to estimatethe relationships in this region between keyphysical ocean parameters, primary productivityand important biota, including krill and krillpredators. The estimate of krill biomass will beused by the Commission for the Conservation ofAntarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) toupdate the out-of-date precautionary catch limitin the CCAMLR Division 58.4.2. The results ofthis project will be used as foundation materialfor the other projects in the program.Key achievements in 2005-06• Completion of BROKE-West Survey.• Holding of the first BROKE-West workshop toplan publication for results (May 2006).Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 39

sea-level riseProgram LeaderDr John ChurchCSIRO Marine & AtmosphericResearchSea-level rise as a result of climatechange may affect millions of peopleworldwide in coming years. Acombination of higher sea level, possiblycombined with stronger winds, could alsocause more frequent flooding in coastallowlands and put billions of dollars ofcoastal development at risk.Scientists in the ACE CRC Sea-level RiseProgram are helping Australia preparefor these possibilities by improving ourability to project and respond to futurechanges based on better understandingof historical sea-level change and thefactors that contributed to it.Program Objectives• To narrow estimates of the range of 20 thcentury global-averaged and regionalsea level rise. Through analyses of historicaland new data, including tide-gauge recordsand satellite-altimeter measurements, ACECRC researchers are significantly enhancingour knowledge of sea-level rise over the pastcentury. This knowledge is improving ourability to test models that project future sealevels and increasing our confidence in thoseprojections.• To improve estimates of the differentcontributions to 20 th century sea-levelrise. ACE CRC scientists are using in situ andsatellite observations and measurements,combined with computer modelling, toimprove our understanding of how differentprocesses interacted to affect sea-level riseand its regional distribution during the 20 thcentury. This will help reduce uncertainties infuture projections, especially at regional andlocal scales.• To significantly reduce the range of 21 stcentury projections of sea-level rise.ACE CRC research results are helpingincrease the precision of projections forglobal average and regional sea levels inthe 21 st century to enable society to developappropriate responses to projected changes.• To forecast change in extreme eventsduring the 21 st century for strategiclocations. ACE CRC researchers areassessing how climate change will affect thefrequency and intensity of natural extremeevents around Australia and selected SouthPacific locations. This will help coastalplanners assess the vulnerability of differentparts of the coastline and provide guidancefor adaptation and mitigation strategies toprotect coastal communities and assets.• To address key uncertainties in thelonger-term projections of sea level rise.Sea level will continue to rise after 2100,potentially by several metres, because ofongoing warming and resultant expansion ofthe ocean, as well as changes in the Antarcticand Greenland Ice Sheets. The rate andamount of rise are uncertain, however, andreducing that uncertainty is another focus forACE CRC research.42 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

sea-level risePlans for 2006-07• An estimate of the rate of sea-level rise fromthe presently un-analysed Hobart record andaddition of this data set to the PSMSL dataset.• Estimates on the frequency of extremeevents for selected location in Australia andthe South Pacific.• Publish paper on historical rates of sea levelrise around Australia.• New estimates of ocean thermal expansionusing reduced space optimal interpolationtechniques for historical data and the ongoinginternational Argo Program.• Use new Radio-Echo-Sounding data on theice thickness around the coastal sector ofthe Antarctic ice sheet between longitude130°E and 80°E (obtained in collaborationwith Italy) to improve estimates of thedischarge of grounded ice in this sector.• Incorporate a new parameterization ofthe growth of frazil ice (developed incollaboration with NIWA) in a sub-iceshelf ocean circulation model to advanceunderstanding of marine ice accretionbeneath ice shelves.• Interpret new Radio-Echo-Sounding dataof ice thickness for the Amery Ice Shelf todetermine the distribution of melt – freezeregions under the central part of the ice shelf(in collaboration with Italy).• Couple our time-evolving ice shelf model to asub-ice ocean circulation model and validatethe performance with new field results fromthe Amery Ice Shelf. Use this coupled modelto investigate the consequence to groundedice discharge of ice shelf change.• Extend ice shelf model to include the icestream to ice shelf transition, exploring theresponse of the grounded ice sheet andhence of sea-level to ice shelf changes.• The effects of climate change on stormsurges along the west Victorian coast and thenorthern Tasmanian coast will be undertaken.• Scenarios of future changes to wind andextreme storm events along the NSW coastwill be undertaken as a first step towardsassessing the likely effects of climate changeon storm surges along this coastline.• A journal paper on the work completed todate for Bass Strait will be prepared andsubmitted to a suitable journal.Project reportsSLR-01: Observations of sealevelriseProject leaderJohn Church, CSIROProject staffN White, CMAR; J Hunter, ACE; R Coleman,UTAS; K Lambeck, T Purcell, ANU; H Brolsma,R Handsworth, AADProject AimThe project will produce new estimates ofhistorical sea-level change and changes in theobserved frequency of extreme events. Theseestimates are an essential element in theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeAssessment Reports.Key achievements in 2005-06• Showed that the rate of sea-level rise hasincreased during the 20 th century.• Provided the first comprehensive estimateof the rate of sea-level rise during the latterhalf of the 20 th century for Pacific and IndianOcean islands.• ACE CRC scientists convened and participatedin the WCRP Sea-level Rise workshop in June2006.44 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

sea-level riseSLR-02: Estimates of oceanthermal expansionProject leaderJohn Church, CSIROProject staffN White, S O’Farrell, CSIRO; N Bindoff, UTAS/CMARProject AimIncreased confidence in our understanding ofchanges in sea level during the 20 th centuryis dependent on more accurate estimates ofobserved 20 th century thermal expansion and theconfirmation that climate models are realisticallysimulating observations. This confirmationwill result in reduced uncertainty of futureprojections of thermal expansion.Key achievements in 2005-06• Showed that volcanic eruptions have asignificant impact on ocean heat contentand steric sea level (Nature 2005). Post-1960 volcanic eruptions masked part of theacceleration that would otherwise have beenpresent.• Nearing completion of a new observationalestimate of ocean thermal expansion for the1990s and the period 1960 to 2000.• Demonstrated that modelled and observedsea level display similar signatures ofatmospheric, oceanic and coupled variabilityin both control and transient simulations. Thelongest modes of variability are driven by theocean thermohaline circulation, with periodsof 20-70 years.SLR-03: Ice sheet and glaciercontributions to sea-level riseProject leaderIan Allison, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD)Project staffN Young, R Warner, AAD; J Hunter, ACE; NAdams, BOM; S O’Farrell, CMARProject AimThe balance between accumulation of ice andsnow on ice sheets and the discharge of waterto the sea from them determines the influenceof the ice sheets on global sea level. Thisproject will deliver more robust estimates ofsnow and ice accumulation on the Antarctic andGreenland continents during the 20 th and 21 stcenturies. Modelling of these ice sheets will alsodeliver estimates of longer-term contributionsto changes in sea level from ice discharge ormelt water from Greenland and Antarctic IceSheets. We will draw on international efforts toestimate contributions to changes in sea levelfrom glacier melting as well as from ice sheets.These improved projections will, in turn, guideAustralian decision-makers in the formulation ofpolicy and management strategies to respond tosea level change induced by climate change.Key achievements in 2005-06• Detected a small positive mass budget overthe upper part of Law Dome using a 40-yearrecord from gravity surveys. This surface riseis consistent with a snow accumulation rateincrease since the 1960s.• Detected episodic rift propagation fromanalysis of passive seismic observationsand GPS measurements, and assessed riftpropagation on the Amery Ice Shelf bysatellite image analysis.• Showed a decrease in extent of theShackleton and West Ice Shelves from acentury of historical records.• Applied our ice shelf model to the MertzGlacier tongue and explored changes in flowand ice thickness arising from projectedincreased basal melting expected underprojected climate change.• Advanced our reassessment of East Antarcticmass budget using ANARE historical fielddata, and presented results at WCRP Sealevelworkshop.• Undertook the first survey of icebergnumbers and size characteristics round theentire Antarctic coastal seas using satelliteimagery.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 45

sea-level riseSLR-04: Modelling extremeeventsProject leaderKathleen McInnes, CSIROProject staffI Macadam, CSIROProject AimA primary goal of this research is to developAustralia-wide guidance about the impact ofclimate change on extreme sea level hazard dueto the combined effect of rising sea levels andchanged behaviour of severe storm events underfuture climate conditions. The goal, therefore,is to determine how climate change may affectthe frequency and intensity of extreme sealevelevents around Australia and selected SouthPacific locations due to future changes in severeweather systems and increases in mean sealevel.Key achievements in 2005-06• A study into the effect of model resolution ontropical storm intensity has been completedand a manuscript submitted to the Journal ofClimate is now being revised.• A study into the effect of climate change onmid-latitude storm tracks is being finalisedfor submission to the Journal of Climate.• A number of refinements to themethodological approach for estimatingevent probabilities for storm surge fromgridded model output have been made andincorporated in a study on the effects ofclimate change on storm surges along theeast Victorian coast.• The east Victorian study results weredownscaled to high spatial scale (50-100 m)over Corner Inlet and the Gippsland Lakesand the effect of various climate changescenarios on inundation extent have beenmodelled.46 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

sea-level riseProgress against contractual milestonesOutcomes:• Estimates of sea level change resulting from anthropogenic climate change used as one of the basesfor intergovernmental climate change negotiations.• Estimates of sea level change as an essential input to coastal zone management and other planningconsiderations in Australia and in neighbouring nations in the South PacificOutput / Milestone Date ProgressRevised estimates of historical (20 th centuryand early 21 st century) sea-level change2004-09 2005: Published revised estimates for 1950-2000.2005: Showed that coastal sea level is risingat about the same rate as global averaged sealevel over the period 1950 to 2000.2006: Narrowed the uncertainty of estimatesof the 20 th century rate of sea level rise andshowed that the rate of sea level rise hasincreased during the 20 th century.Revised estimates of ocean thermalexpansion from observations and models(both the CSIRO and AWI models)Revised estimate of the 20 th centuryAntarctic ice sheet contribution to sealevelchange derived from a comparison ofmeasured ice discharge (field observationsand remote sensing) with results from abalance flux model forced with improvedestimates of accumulation distribution andtemporal variability (from field observations,meteorological models and ice cores)2006: Provided the first comprehensiveestimate of the rate of sea-level rise during thelatter half of the 20 th century for Pacific andIndian Ocean islands and for Australia since1920.2005-09 2005: Produced estimates of 20 th centuryocean thermal expansion from the CSIROMark 3 model that will appear in the IPCC 4 thAssessment Report.2005: Showed (Nature 2005) that volcaniceruptions have a significant impact on oceanheat content and steric sea level. Post1960 volcanic eruptions masked part of theacceleration that would otherwise have beenpresent.2005-09 2005-2006: Comparison of historical field datawith satellite data has detected significant icemass loss on the Totten Glacier and a smallmass gain over the Law Dome.Historical ANARE field data have been compiledfor a reassessment of the East Antarctic massbudget, and some earlier regional balanceestimates have been revised. These havebeen compared with a test run of the balanceflux model using a reference accumulationcompilation. Alternative descriptions of iceaccumulation are being sought to explore theuncertainties in the input to the mass budget.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 47

sea-level riseOutput / Milestone Date ProgressRevised projections for future sea-levelchange during the 21 st century and on longertime-scales2006,2010Showed that over the last 15 years sea levelshave been tracking near the upper bound ofthe IPCC TAR projections (Submitted to Nature,2006).Revised estimates of future ocean thermalexpansionEstimate of the future contribution ofthe Antarctic and Greenland ice sheetsto sea-level change using an improvedhigh-resolution ice sheet-system model(including ice stream-ice shelf interaction, fullthermodynamics and flow anisotropy) andchanges in meteorological forcingEstimates of the response of ice shelves toglobal warming from improved models of iceshelf-ocean interaction (validated againstfield observations and remote sensing datafrom the Amery Ice Shelf); prediction, fromimproved models of ice stream-ice shelfboundaries, of the consequence of ice shelfcollapse on the discharge of grounded iceEstimates of the historical impacts of sealevelchange at key locationsEstimates of the historical frequency ofextreme events from observational (andproxy) recordsEstimates of the expected impacts of sealevelchange at key locationsSelection of key locations for more detailedstudiesEstimates of the changes in frequency ofextreme events from numerical modellingstudies2005,2009Revised estimates for a number of thecontribution to the rate of sea-level rise havebeen completed (see below) and these havebeen incorporated in revised projections to bepublished under IPCC banner early 2007.2005: Produced estimates of 21 st centuryocean thermal expansion from the CSIROMark 3 model that will appear in the IPCC 4 thAssessment Report.2010 An ice shelf ice stream transition modelis under test (see next milestone). Icedeformation experiments have collected dataon flow of anisotropic samples of Antarctic ice(2004-06) and theoretical models of anisotropicice flow will be tested in 2006-07.2006-09 The ACE CRC ice shelf model has been usedto explore the dynamics of the Mertz Glaciertongue and its response to global warming(2006). The model will also be applied to thelarger Amery ice shelf (2006-07). The iceshelf model has also been extended (testing inprogress in 2006) to study the ice stream-iceshelf transition by adding a basal friction term,to enable studies of influences on grounded ice.A model of frazil ice growth has been developed(2004-06) as a step towards understandingmarine ice accretion beneath the Amery iceshelf.2005 Changes in the frequency of extreme events ata number of locations have been determined.There is significant interest in these results andwe are being requested to do further studies.2004 2004 and 2006: Showed that the frequency ofextreme sea-level events of a given magnitudeat Fremantle and Sydney has increased byabout a factor of 2-3 during the 20 th century.2010 A study for the Victorian coast has beencompleted, following a pre-ACE CRC study ofthe Cairns area.2004 Completed 2004: South coast of Australiachosen as first study site.2009 Study completed for eastern Victorian coastline,extension to other parts of coastline is ongoing.48 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

policyProgram LeaderAssoc Prof Marcus HawardUniversity of TasmaniaThe Australian government is responsiblefor management of the world’s fourthlargest Exclusive Economic Zone,which includes about 16 million squarekilometres of the Southern Ocean.In addition, Australia was an originalsignatory to the Antarctic Treaty andclaims stewardship of a territory covering42% of the Antarctic continent.ACE CRC Policy researchers addressissues that will help Australia formulateits input to Antarctic and Southern Oceanaffairs and manage its interests in theregion. Policy Program staff and studentsprovide analyses of probable policyimplications arising from the scienceprograms and also provide advice to ACECRC scientists about the major policyissues relevant to their research.Program Objectives• To translate research outputs into formsuseful to research users in the spheresof law, public policy and regulation.Improving integration of Australiangovernment goals, objectives and interestsinto the work of the science programsincreases the policy relevance of the ACECRC’s research and provides the greatestopportunity for use of relevant research inpolicy formulation.• To identify emergent issues influencingthe developments in legal and politicalregimes in the Southern Ocean andAntarctica. Scientific research on Antarcticand Southern Ocean climate and ecosystemshas direct impacts on the management of theregion and raises a number of policy issues.For example, improved understanding of theimpacts of climate variability, and resultantchanges in marine ecosystems, will affectdecisions about resource use in the SouthernOcean and related ecosystems. Proposalsfor adaptation and mitigation strategies suchas iron fertilisation or deep ocean storage ofcarbon dioxide need to be considered fromthe legal and policy perspectives as well asin terms of scientific or logistic feasibility. Asclimate knowledge and projections of sealevelrise improve, the definition of extremesin natural events and the degree to whichthey represent ‘acts of God’ will evolve, withramifications for public and private reliefand insurance industries. Linking ACE CRCscience research on these issues to potentialpolicy implications is a core business of thePolicy Program.• To contribute to improved effectivenessof public policy managementarrangements and regimes governingthe Southern Ocean and Antarctica.There are a large number of internationalregimes and legal instruments that affectthe Southern Ocean. The ACE CRC PolicyProgram is exploring issues related to theeffectiveness of these regimes, such as levelsof compliance and enforcement, and lookingat the interconnections among them. Oneresult of this research will be advice aboutoptions for refining and improving regulatoryprocesses underpinning such instrumentsto make the instruments more robust andeffective.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 49

policyOverviewAustralia will face a range of challenges over thenext decade in managing its Southern Oceanand regional interests. We aim to contributeto national benefit by providing greaterunderstanding of the nature of internationalmarine resources and environmental regulation,the policy implications of climate changeresearch, the patterns of interaction amongststakeholders, and the types of institutional formsthat support and/or inhibit the effectiveness ofthese regimes.The Policy Program also ensures that scientificoutputs from the other ACE CRC researchprogram are able to contribute to policydevelopment and outcomes for partner agenciesand research users within Australian, State andLocal Government Agencies.A major strand of the Program’s researchhas centred on science-policy integrationover climate science and related areas andthe means by which this can be improved.Members of the policy program have engagedin regular discourse with partner agencies andresearch users through processes such as thedevelopment of the Research Users’ Forum andthrough project level linkages. The ACE CRCheld its first annual Research Users’ Forum inCanberra in late November 2004, and the secondin February 2006 enabling communication of ACECRC research to users and identification of users’interests and needs. These activities have beensupported by other end-user presentations andparticipation in seminars.Research on emergent issues has focusedon areas such as Antarctic marine biologicalprospecting, examining issues and challengesin developing regulatory responses to biologicalprospecting. Work on human impacts inAntarctica and the Southern Ocean has identifiedchallenges in existing management of Antarctictourism. Research on Southern Ocean whalinghas highlighted issues related to Australia’sdomestic legal regimes and its linkage withinternational instruments.The third, related focus of the program has beenlinking improved understanding of the regionto appropriate international regimes and toAustralian policy objectives. Achievements herehave included development of inventories ofinternational regimes and Australian legislativeand regulatory responsibilities, with thisresearch providing greater understanding ofthe nature of international marine resourcesand environmental regulation, the patterns ofinteraction amongst stakeholders, and the typesof institutional forms that may support and/orinhibit the effectiveness of the regimes.Key achievements 2005-06• Development and presentation of SecondResearch Users’ Forum• Second workshop on Australia’s AntarcticAgenda in collaboration with Sydney Centrefor International and Global Law• Identification of Australian legislative andregulatory responsibilities implementingAustralia's international instruments that linkto ACE CRC science outputs.• Development of new research projects onintegrating climate science research andAustralian public policy and managingscience-intensive public policy.• Development of internal arrangements tointegrate science and policy research withinthe ACE CRC through establishment of ad hocscience-policy working group(s) to synthesiseACE science and policy knowledge relevantto specific tasks/outputs. The working groupswill provide a mechanism for interdisciplinarydiscussion and for the production of specificoutputs of policy-relevance to government.Plans for 2006-07• Development of collaborative researchinitiatives between the Policy Program andthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT), USA including a study of themanagement of science-intensive publicpolicy.• Completion of Stage 1 of new project oninstitutional structures and knowledgemanagement systems for integrating climatescience research and Australian public policy.• Continuing development of internationalcollaboration in analysis of polar regimes.• Completion of Australia’s Antarctic Agendawith book publication.50 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

policyProject reportsPOL-01: Improving theeffectiveness of SouthernOcean regimesProject leaderMarcus Haward, UTASProject staffJ Jabour, R Hall, A Kellow, L Kriwoken, G Lugten,UTASProject AimWe are assessing the effectiveness of relevantinternational and regional instruments andregimes, given domestic effect in Australiathrough national legislation and policy, andidentifying gaps, strengths and weaknesses inthese regimes. A key question is the relationshipbetween the Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC)and the Antarctic Treaty System. While much hasbeen written on this nexus, the question of therelationship between these instruments is not yetfully explored, nor how this relationship affectsother regimes that cover the Southern Ocean.Key achievements in 2005-06• Refinement of inventory of regimes.• First stage analysis linking key legislativeresponsibilities and internationalcommitments with ACE CRC science outputs.POL-02: Whaling and themanagement of cetaceans inthe Southern OceanProject leaderJulia Jabour, UTASProject staffE Molenaar, UTAS/NILOSProject AimThis research addresses the pro-whaling/conservation deadlock in the IWC over whalingin the global oceans, and the Southern Oceanin particular, from the Australian strategic policyperspective. The Southern Ocean is a whalesanctuary under the International Conventionfor the Regulation of Whaling, with limitedprescribed scientific research by lethal means(scientific ‘whaling’). Australia is fundamentallyopposed to the use of lethal techniques inresearch on cetaceans and recently transferredresponsibility for cetacean conservation to theAustralian Antarctic Division.Key achievements in 2005-06• Project was competed in August 2005 andcopies of the report were circulated to fourkey Australian Government stakeholders.• The project determined that Australia’scurrent policy position raises consistencyissues under international law related to theprincipal of ‘good faith’.• The report is being converted into a 7,000word book chapter for publication in anotherACE CRC Policy Program output – a proposedbook entitled Australia’s Antarctic Agendathat also involves research outcomes fromPOL-01 and POL-05.POL-03: The challenges fordemersal and pelagic fisheriesmanagement in the SouthernOceanProject leaderMarcus Haward, UTASProject staffG Lugten, UTAS; E Molenaar, UTAS/NILOSProject AimThis research centres on the problems of illegal,unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing inthe Southern Ocean and within the ExclusiveEconomic Zones (EEZs) of states, including theAustralian EEZ off Heard and Macdonald Islandand Macquarie Island. It addresses the efficacyof existing instruments, institutions and practice,including the science-policy interface, to combatthis problem.Key achievements in 2005-06• Publications on enforcement and compliancein Southern Ocean fisheries.• Completion of survey on the extent ofthe science-policy gap in marine resourcemanagement.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 51

policyPOL-04: The management of‘associated and dependentspecies’Project leaderMarcus Haward, UTASProject staffR Hall, J Jabour, G Lugten, L Kriwoken, UTASProject AimThis project is focused on the development oflegal and political responses to the problem ofmanaging impacts on associated and dependentspecies (ecosystem-based management). Ourresearch is addressing the development andimplementation of marine protected areas(MPAs), and examining tools and approachesthat can be used to facilitate the implementationof the Agreement for the Conservation ofAlbatross and Petrel species. Improvedunderstanding of the impact of climate changeon the environment through ACE CRC researchin other programs, and the integration of thisresearch into management of areas and speciesis an expected outcome.Key achievements in 2005-06• Completion of research using sea bird atsea data as surrogates for identification ofpotential marine protected areas.• Presentation on institutional arrangementsfor deep sea high seas marine protectedareas outside national jurisdiction atInternational Marine Protected AreaConference (IMPAC).• Presentations of use of sea bird at sea dataand on management options for deep seahigh seas marine protected areas at IMPAC.• Contribution of paper, Review of criteriafor the identification of internationallyimportant breeding sites critical for specieslisted in Annex 1 of the Agreement on theConservation of Albatrosses and Petrels, tothe Advisory Committee for the Agreementfor the Conservation of Albatrosses andPetrels.POL-05: The nexus betweenthe Law of the Sea Conventionand the Antarctic TreatySystem in marine areas southof 60°SProject leaderMarcus Haward, UTASProject staffJ Jabour, R Hall, A Kellow, G Lugten, L Kriwoken,UTASProject AimThe intersection of the Law of the SeaConvention (LOSC) and the Antarctic TreatySystem (ATS) has helped focus attention onsovereignty. The declaration of maritime zonesoff the Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT)has been controversial, but resolved by notenforcing territorial sea rights. The question ofdelimitation of the continental shelf of the AATposed important political and legal challengesto Australia, but also a dilemma in relation toits interests. Asserting rights under the LOSCmay directly challenge the primary objective ofmaintaining the ATS and enhancing Australia’sinfluence within the system. This project isanalysing the extent to which these regimesare converging or diverging, and examiningthe implications for Australia’s interests in themanagement of the Southern Ocean.Key achievements in 2005-06• Holding of second phase workshop onAustralia’s Antarctic Agenda, with focuson possible and actual tensions betweenAustralian sovereignty and management ofAAT – particularly in relation to maritimezones off the AAT.• Completion of research on legal issuessurrounding whaling in the Southern Oceanand links to questions surrounding Australianterritorial sea and EEZ off the AAT.• Identification of current limitations onmanagement and regulation of marinebiological prospecting in the Southern Ocean,linking marine scientific research under LOSCwith relevant principles within the ATS.52 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

policyPOL-06: Impacts of potentialsea-level rise for currentand future coastal zonemanagement, includingpolicy implications of climatevariability and changeProject leaderMarcus Haward, UTASProject staffA Kellow, UTASProject AimThe Australian coastline borders a number ofbiogeographical regions, each containing adiversity of marine habitats. Australian coastalpolicy is shaped by the political, legislativeand administrative overlap in interests andresponsibilities among the Commonwealth, Stateand local governments. This project focuses onthe extent to which current legal, administrativeand institutional arrangements can managethe impacts of climate variability and change,including sea-level rise, in the coastal zone.Key achievements in 2005-06• Publication of ACE CRC Technical Report No2, Sea-level Rise and Coastal Settlements:An Analysis of Adaptive Decision MakingWithin Integrated Coastal Zone Management(Rigby 2005). This report focused on riskassessment and institutional arrangementsaffecting potential sea level rise withincoastal zone management.• Presentation of project results to Tasmaniangovernment through briefing to stategovernment officials and submission ofreport.POL-07: The ocean’s role inthe carbon cycle: Legal andpolitical implication of largescaleocean sequestrationthrough iron fertilisation in theSouthern OceanProject leaderMarcus Haward, UTASProject staffA Kellow, J Jabour, UTASProject AimA number of political and legal issues havearisen as a result of increased research intothe ocean’s role in the carbon cycle. Thetheoretical potential for enhancement of naturalsequestration of CO 2by the ocean is yet to beproven, but experiments in ‘iron fertilisation’are already raising concern over its potentialimpact on ecosystems. We are analysing thelegal regimes and policy development governingiron fertilisation with a focus on the differencesin regulation of marine scientific research andcommercial activities, both inside EEZs and inthe high seas.Key achievements in 2005-06• Analysis of debates over applicationof London Dumping Convention (theinternational Convention for the Preventionof Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastesand Other Matter) affecting potential ‘ironfertilisation’ and/or oceanic CO 2sequestrationwithin Exclusive Economic Zones and in thehigh seas.• Identification of emerging legal issuessurrounding oceanic CO 2sequestration.• First stage analysis of extent to which LondonDumping convention can regulate oceanicCO 2sequestration.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 53

policyProgress against contractual milestonesOutcomes:• Delivery of science outputs to research users.• Improved Australian influence in and effectiveness of Southern Ocean management regimes.Output / Milestone Date ProgressOrganise & host Annual research users’ forum 2003-10 Development and delivery of successfulResearch Users’ Forum (November2005 and February 2006) and targetedfollow-up (March-April 2006)Improve responses to emergent issues 2003-10 Development of internal ACE CRCscience policy working groupsIdentify and, with science programs, providepolicy users with details on emergent issuesand likely impacts on Southern Oceanmanagement regimesIdentify emergent issues e.g. bio-prospecting,iron fertilisation2003-10 Presentations at Research Users’ ForumNovember 2005 and February 2006OngoingCompletion of project on regulatoryissues surrounding marine biologicalprospecting in the Southern Ocean(June 2006)Complete an inventory of Southern Ocean 2004 2004: Inventory completedmanagement regimesCritical review and assessment of regimes 2006 Review underway, leading to firststage analysis linking key legislativeresponsibilities and internationalcommitments with ACE CRC scienceoutputsIdentify gaps in regimes 2008 Research ongoing, milestone expectedto be reached on scheduleEstablish criteria for assessment of Australianinfluence in, and the effectiveness of, SouthernOcean management regimes2004 2004: Draft criteria developedEstablish assessment criteria to measureinfluence and effectivenessAssess Southern Ocean management regimesagainst criteriaCompletion of project; recommendations togovernment2006 Work on criteria continuing, milestoneto be completed December 20062008 Research ongoing, milestone expectedto be reached on schedule2010 Milestone expected to be reached onschedule54 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

esearch collaborationconducted by multiple organisations in manycountries. For Antarctic research, distancesare vast, conditions are harsh and costs areenormous.The ACE CRC’s collaborative efforts result inincreased logistical and scientific support – suchas ship time, satellite data, and access tocomputer facilities, data bases and models – thatis necessary to maintain Australia’s leadershipposition in this field of research.In addition to ongoing the collaborations amongthe different research programs within the ACECRC, our researchers are involved in 43 nationalcollaborative projects and 82 internationalcollaborative projects involving 17 differentcountries. They also served on 23 national and51 international committees.The nature of Antarctic and global climateresearch is such that collaboration is essential.The study of global climate is multidisciplinary bynature, and relies on a wide range of researchCollaborative projects, committee memberships,staff exchanges, international visitors, researchconsultancies and grants are detailed in thefollowing tables.National collaborative projectsProjectResponse of Southern Ocean circulation toscenarios of protracted elevated greenhousegas concentrationsThe ARC Earth System Science Network (ARCNetwork)ACEResearcher(s)Bi D, Hirst ABindoff N,Coleman RAustralian Community Ocean Model Bindoff N,Roberts J, Heil PTargeting organically-complexed iron species Bowie Ain seawater using selective solid-phaseadsorbent resinsCollaborator(s), AffiliationBudd B, UTAS (Retired)Pitman A, Macquarie UniversityAlves O, BMRCHaddad P, School of Chemistry, UTASExopolysaccharides from Antarctic bacteria Bowie A Mancuso-Nichols C, School of AgriculturalScience, UTASIron content of Southern Oceanphytoplankton: implications for carbontransfer to the deep seaSelenium as a key micronutrient in primaryproductivity in the Southern OceanLooking back to see the future: Change in theLambert Glacier and the East Antarctic IceSheet (ARC Discovery)Winter temperature and salinitymeasurements in the Southern Ocean usingelephant seals as ocean observing platforms(ARC Discovery)Bowie ABowie AColeman RColeman R,Rintoul STownsend A, Central Science Laboratory,UTASButler E, CSIRO Marine and AtmosphericResearchLambeck K, Fabel D, Tregoning P, ANU; FinkD, ANSTOHindell M, UTAS; Michael K, IASOSAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 55

esearch collaborationProjectReassessing the mass balance of Law Domeand the adjacent main plateau basin (AASgrant)Tasmanian Shoreline Monitoring Project inNorthern Tasmania (IRGS grant)The role of Antarctic marine protists introphodynamics and global change and theimpact of UV-B on these organismsUV climate over the Southern Ocean south ofAustralia, and its biological impactBroke-West investigation of westernAntarctica oceanographyACEResearcher(s)Coleman R,Young NColeman R,Hunter JDavidson ACollaborator(s), AffiliationMorgan P, University of Canberra; Lackie M,Macquarie UniversityHennecke W, UTASJones G, Southern Cross University (NSW)Davidson A Michael K, IASOS; Nuñez M, UTAS; Jones G,Southern Cross University (NSW)Griffiths BWestwood K, AADAustralia’s Antarctic Agenda Haward M Rothwell D, Sydney Centre for Internationaland Global Law, University of Sydney;Rayfuse R, University of New South WalesAustralia Canada Ocean Research Network Haward M Rothwell D, Sydney Centre for Internationaland Global Law, University of SydneyAUSCOM Heil P Bindoff N, Roberts J, TPACModelling Oceanic DMS Emissions Hirst A Gabric A, Griffith UniversityCircumpolar Deep Water behaviour in CSIROMk2 coupled modelAntarctic Bottom Water and IntermediateWater variability in CSIRO Mk 3 modelSubantarctic Mode Water variability andchange in CSIRO Mk 3 modelHirst A, O’FarrellSHirst A, O’FarrellSHirst A, O’FarrellSEngland M, Santoso A, University of NewSouth WalesEngland M, University of New South WalesRibbe J, University of Southern QueenslandARC Network for Earth System Science Howard W Pitman A and other members of ARCNESS,Macquarie UniversityOZ-INTIMATE (INTegration of Ice-core, Marineand TErrestrial records – a core programmeof INQUA (International Union for QuaternaryResearch)Tasmanian Shoreline Monitoring and ArchivingProjectAustralia’s Antarctic AgendaImpact of patterns of anomalous atmosphericcirculation on sea ice and biotaImpact of patterns of anomalous atmosphericcirculation on the break-up of the Larsen BIce ShelfHoward W, vanOmmen THunter JJabour J, LugtenGMassom RMassom RTurney C and other INTIMATE Members,University of WollongongSharples C, ConsultantRothwell D, Sydney Centre for Internationaland Global LawPook M, CMARSimmonds I, University of MelbourneEffect of climate change and coastal primary McMinn ARalph P, UTASproductivitySea ice primary production off easternMeiners KMcMinn A, UTASAntarcticaIsotopic and elemental tracers in ice and Morgan VRosman K, Curtin University of TechnologysnowSignature Lipids in Food Webs Nichols P Danaher K, James Cook University; Virtue P,IASOS; Hindel M and students, UTASBROKE-West survey of the waters off EastAntarctica (30-80°E)Nicol SGedamke J, Hosie G, Gales N, Jarvis T, Kawaguchi S, Robertson G, Wright S,AAD; Thiele D, Deakin University; JonesG, Southern Cross University; Mitchell J,Flinders University56 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

esearch collaborationProject10Be in Antarctic ice and Radiomethane inAntarctic iceThe CSIRO Mk3L climate system modelACEResearcher(s)Pedro J, MorganV, Curran M, vanOmmen T, SmithBPhipps S, RobertsJ, Bindoff N,Hyland GCollaborator(s), AffiliationSmith A, ANSTOEngland M, ARC Research Network for EarthSystem ScienceClimate Change Science Program Rintoul S Australian Greenhouse OfficeBiogeochemical modelling; ocean climatechange modelling; marine climate impactsRintoul SWealth from Oceans National ResearchFlagshipSouthern Ocean Climate Dynamics Rintoul S England M, University of New South WalesManaging science-intensive public policyconflictsChanges in the water balance over the icesheetsEast Antarctic and circum-Antarctic climatehistory from ITASE coring in Eastern WilkesLandSandford RSmith Ivan Ommen T,Curran M, MorganV, Smith BAir sampling from Antarctic firn and ice van Ommen T,Morgan VShip-based electromagnetic measurements of Worby Asea ice thicknessThe role of Antarctic marine protists introphodynamics and global change and theimpact of UV-B on these organismsWright S,Davidson A,Marchant HInternational Collaborative ProjectsProjectPrediction of the future mass balance of thepolar ice sheets under a range of possibleclimate conditionsSurface meteorological measurements in EastAntarctic using automatic weather stationsAmery Ice Shelf – ocean interaction andmarine ice propertiesAustralia-UK collaboration for the Exploitationof Grid and Geospatial Standards?Iron atmospheric inputs to the SargassoSea: temporal variability and impact on irondistribution in the upper oceanTargeting organically-complexed iron speciesin seawater using selective solid-phaseadsorbent resinsSampling and analysis of iron in seawater(SAFE), an international community-wideintercomparison exercise for the certificationof iron in seawaterACEResearcher(s)Allison IAllison IAllison I, CravenMBindoff N,Roberts J, HylandGBowie ABowie ABowie ARoss H, Baldwin C, School of Natural &Rural Systems Management, University ofQueensland; Tan P-L, Griffith Law School,Griffith UniversityWatson C, University of MelbourneGoodwin I, University of NewcastleEtheridge D, MacFarling-Meure C; CMARReid J, UTASJones G, Southern Cross UniversityCollaborators, Affiliation & CountryGogineni P, SF Science and TechnologyCenter for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets,University of Kansas (USA)Bian L-G, Qin D-H, Xiao C, ChineseMeteorological Administration (CHINA)Li Y-S, Cai M, Polar Research Institute ofChina (CHINA)Woolf A, CCLRC Rutherford AppletonLaboratory (UK)Sedwick P, Bermuda Biological Station forResearch (BERMUDA); Church T, Universityof Delaware (USA)Worsfold P, University of Plymouth (UK)Johnson K, Monterey Bay AquariumResearch Institute; Boyle E, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology; Moffett J, WoodsHole Oceanographic Institution; BrulandK, University of California, Santa Cruz;Measures C, University of Hawaii; Coale K,Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (USA)Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 57

esearch collaborationProjectKerguelen: compared study of ocean andplateau in surface waters (KEOPS), programexamining the effects of natural ironfertilization on Southern Ocean ecosystemsand carbon sequestrationTrace element (Al and Fe) distributions inupper ocean waters during the CLIVAR repeathydrography programInteractive effects of light, CO 2and iron onphytoplankton community dynamics in theRoss, Sea, AntarcticaRedox and colloidal iron biogeochemistry insurface Atlantic waters and its role in oceanproductivityThe importance of iron cycle complexity whenpredicting C cycle response to Fe fertilisationDissolved iron in the Australian sector of theSouthern Ocean (SR3 line)Altimetry for Real Time Applications andClimate Studies relevant to AustraliaFracturing and deformation along the AmeryIce Shelf (AAS grant)Iceberg Calving from active ice-shelf riftsystems on the Amery Ice Shelf (AAS grant)ACEResearcher(s)Bowie A, TrullT, GriffithsB, RemenyiT, Armand L,Ebersbach FBowie ABowie ABowie ABowie ABowie AChurch J, WhiteN, Coleman RColeman R,Young NColeman R,Young NNASA/CNES Jason-1 altimeter mission Coleman R,Church J, WhiteNESA Envisat mission Coleman R,Church J, WhiteNBorehole ice camera probeCraven M, AllisonIDeglacial ice core chemistry Curran M,Morgan V, vanOmmen T, SmithBCollaborators, Affiliation & CountryBlain S, Quéguiner B, Jeandel C, Centred’Oceanologie de Marseille ObservatoireMidi-Pyrénées (FRANCE)Measures C, University of Hawaii; LandingW, Florida State University (USA)DiTullio G, Grice Marine Laboratory; HutchinsD, University of Delaware; Smith W, VirginiaInstitute of Marine Science; Dunbar R,Stanford University (USA); Sedwick P,Bermuda Biological Station for Research(BERMUDA); Tortell P, University of BritishColombia (CANADA)Worsfold P, University of Plymouth; UssherS, Achterberg E, Gledhill M, NationalOceanography Centre Southampton (UK)Tagliabue A, Stanford University (USA)Sohrin Y, Kyoto University (JAPAN)The Ocean Surface Topography ScienceTeam – NASA (USA); CNES (FRANCE)Fricker H, Scripps Institution ofOceanography (USA); Lackie M, MacquarieUniversity (AUSTRALIA)Fricker H, Scripps Institution ofOceanography (USA)French, US teamEuropean team, many EU countries, USABehar A, CalTech – Jet Propulsion Laboratory(USA)Steffense J-P, Dahl-Jensen D, University ofCopenhagen (DENMARK)Broke-West: Biooptical properties of the Griffiths BSchwarz J, AWI (GERMANY)atmosphere and water columnAustralia Canada Ocean Research Network Haward M VanderZwaag D, Dalhousie University(CANADA)ISPOL deformation array Heil P Hutchings J, IARC, University of Alaska;McPhee M, McPhee Research Company(USA); Launiainen J, Johansson M, FinnishInstitute of Marine Research FINLAND; HaasC, AWI (GERMANY)Arctic ice-ocean modelling Heil P Hibler W, Roberts A, IARC, University ofAlaska; Fowler C, University of Colorado(USA)58 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

esearch collaborationProjectACEResearcher(s)Collaborators, Affiliation & CountryAFIN – IPY project Heil P Langhorne P, University of Otago; Haskell T,Industrial Research Ltd; Trodahl J, VictoriaUniversity of Wellington (NZ); Gerland S,Nordsk Polar Institute (NORWAY); Haas C,AWI GERMANY); Uto S, National MaritimeResearch Institute (JAPAN); Melnikov I,Moscow State University (RUSSIA); Li Z,Dalian University of Technology (CHINA);Gobin C, Laboratoire Arago (FRANCE);Eicken H, Geophysical Institute, UAF (USA)Improved ocean modelling Hirst A Griffies S, Geophysical Fluid DynamicsLaboratory (USA)Australian Canadian Oceans ResearchNetwork III (ACORN III)Jabour JMcConnell M, VanderZwaag D, Marine andEnvironmental Law Institute, DalhousieUniversity (CANADA)At Risk Marine Species Jabour J Hoel A, Hersoug B, University of Tromsø(NORWAY); VanderZwaag D, Marine andEnvironmental Law Institute, DalhousieUniversity (CANADA)Experiments on krill growth and physiology Kawaguchi S,Nicol S, King RMeyer B, Teschke M, AWI (GERMANY)Constraints on ocean volume change duringthe present interglacial: Evidence from theBaltic and MediterraneanConstraints on changes in Greenland icevolumesMaximum sustainable yield domestic fisherieslaw of developing statesPOLYANNA: A comparative analysis ofAntarctic polynyas by modelling and in situvalidationImpact of patterns of anomalous atmosphericcirculation and sea ice on the break-up of theLarsen B Ice ShelfLambeck KLambeck KLugten GMarsland S,Massom RMassom RAnzidei M, INGV Rome; Antoniolli F, ENEARome (ITALY); Svensson N, Lund University(SWEDEN)Sparrenbom C, Bjorck S, Lund University(SWEDEN); Bennike O, Geological Survey(DENMARK)Andrew N, Hall S, World Fish CentreMALAYSIAZambianchi E, Università degli Studi diNapoli ‘Parthenope’ (ITALY); Ackley S,Clarkson University (USA); Brandon M, TheOpen University; Flocco D, Centre for PolarObservations and Modelling; Willmott A,Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (UK)Scambos T, NSIDC, University of Colorado;Stammerjohn S, NASA Goddard Institute forSpace Studies; Fahnestock M, University ofNew Hampshire; MacAyeal D, University ofChicago (USA); Turner J, British AntarcticSurvey (UK); Squire V, Williams T, Universityof Otago (NEW ZEALAND)Review of bi-polar polynya processes Massom R Barber D, University of Manitoba (CANADA)Polar remote sensing (books) Massom R Lubin D, Scripps Institution of Oceanography(USA)Behaviour of, and rift development on, theMertz Glacier tongueMassom RFricker H, Scripps Institution ofOceanography (USA); Legresy B, CNRS(FRANCE)ARISE remote sensing validation experiment Massom R Markus T, Comiso J, NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center; Scambos T, Haran T, NSIDC,University of Colorado; Key E, Universityof Miami (USA); Enomoto H, Tateyama K,Kitami Institute of Technology; Tamura T,University of Hokkaido (JAPAN); Pfaffling A,AWI (GERMANY)Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 59

esearch collaborationProjectImpact of patterns of anomalous atmosphericcirculation on sea ice and biotaACEResearcher(s)Collaborators, Affiliation & CountryMassom R Stammerjohn S, Smith R, Quetin L,Goddard Institute of Space Studies; Ross R,Martinson D, University of California SantaBarbara; Iannuzzi R, Lamont Doherty EarthObservatory; Vernet M, Scripps Institutionof Oceanography; Fraser W, Polar OceansResearch Group (USA); Krouse H, Universityof Calgary (CANADA)Sea ice primary production McMinn A Ralph P, University of Technology, Sydney(AUSTRALIA); Ryan K, Victoria University(NZ); Hegseth E, Tromsø University(NORWAY)Effect of Climate Change on the Saroma Ko,Hokkaido ecosystemInterdisciplinary sea ice studies in thenorthwestern Weddell SeaWater isotopes in Antarctic ice coresIsotopic studies of atmospheric methane fromice and firnHolocene chemistry of the Law Dome DSS icecoreEffects of decadal changes in Southern Oceancarbonate chemistry on marine ecosystemsMcMinn AHattari H, Hokkaido Tokei University;Fukuchi M, National Institute for PolarResearch (JAPAN)Meiners K Dieckmann G, AWI (GERMANY); Thomas D,University of Wales (UK)Morgan V, vanOmmen TMorgan V, vanOmmen TMorgan V, vanOmmen T, CurranM, Smith BMoy A, HowardWMasson-Delmotte V, Jouzel J, Laboratoiredes Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement(FRANCE)Etheridge D, CMAR (AUSTRALIA); Ferretti D,NIWA (NZ); White J, University of Colorado(USA)Mayewski P, University of Maine (USA)Bijma J, Nehrke G, AWI (GERMANY);Reichart G, Utrecht University and AWI(NETHERLANDS); Palmer M, University ofSouthampton (UK); Bassinot F, Laboratoiredes Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement(FRANCE)Signature lipids in food webs Nichols P Hagen W, University of Bremen (GERMANY)BROKE-West survey of the waters off EastAntarctica (30-80°E)Using tracers to describe processes governingheat uptake in the oceanAnalysis of Antarctic climate processes inIPCC modelsNicol Svan de Putte A, University of Leuven(BELGUIM); Widdoo A, Arif D, Ministry ofFisheries (INDONESIA); Yoshiki T, SokaUniversity (JAPAN); Xavier D, University ofNottingham (UK)O’Farrell S Gregory J, University of Reading; Lowe J,Hadley Centre (UK)O’Farrell STurner J, British Antarctic Survey (UK);Bromwich D, Byrd Polar Research Center(US)Water mass variability in the Southern Ocean Rintoul S Aoki S, Hokkaido University (JAPAN)Tracer measurements in the Southern Ocean Rintoul S Watanabe S, JAMSTEC (JAPAN)Transport of the Kerguelen deep westernboundary currentRintoul S, ChurchJ, Sokolov SWatkatsuchi M, Fukamachi Y, HokkaidoUniversity (JAPAN)CLIMA project Rintoul S Spezie G, University of Naples (ITALY)Southern Ocean mixing Rintoul S Speer K, Florida State University (USA)SURVOSTRAL Rintoul S Morrow R, LEGOS (FRANCE)Earth Systems Science OPeNDAP computeserver frameworkRoberts J, BindoffN, Hyland G,Phipps SWoolf A, CCLRC Rutherford AppletonLaboratory (UK)60 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

esearch collaborationProjectMicroparticle measurements in ice coresSouthern Ocean biogeochemical cyclemonitoring from AstrolabeACEResearcher(s)Smith B, vanOmmen T,Morgan V, CurranMTilbrook B,Griffiths B,Wright SCollaborators, Affiliation & CountryPetit J-R, Laboratoire de Glaciologie etGéophysique de l’Environnement (FRANCE)Poisson A, Université Pierre et Marie Curie;Goyet C, Université Perpignan (FRANCE)CO 2storage along CLIVAR I9S Tilbrook B Watanabe S, Sasaki K, JAMSTEC (JAPAN)Using oxygen measurements to constrainprimary production estimates in the SouthernOceanTilbrook BBender M, Cassar N, Princeton University(USA)CO 2storage in the Southern Ocean Tilbrook B Sabine C, NOAA; Warner M, University ofWashington (USA)CO 2exchange in the sea-ice zone Tilbrook B deLille B, University of Liège (BELGIUM)Vertical Flux in the Global Ocean (VERTIGO)program measuring carbon transport insinking particles to the ocean interiorKerguelen compared study of Ocean andPlateau in surface waters (KEOPS) programexamining the effects of natural ironfertilisation on Southern Ocean ecosystemsand carbon sequestrationBelgian Carbon in the Antarctic (BELCANTO)program measuring controls on carbon exportand remineralisation in the Southern OceanTrull T, Bray S,Moy C, RobertsonL. Ebersbach FTrull T, BowieA, GriffithsB, RemenyiT, Armand L,Ebersbach FTrull T, Bray SBuesseler K, Woods Hole OceanographicInstitution (USA)Blain S, Université de Marseille; QuéguinerB, Jeandel C, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées(FRANCE)Dehairs F, Cardinal D, Vrije UniversiteitBrussel (BELGIUM)Studies of sub-Antarctic nitrogen utilization Trull T, Karsh K Sigman D, Princeton University (USA)Atmospheric methane records from the LawDome DSS ice core (as part of AGO CCSPproject ‘Abrupt Climate Change and North-South Climate Connections’)Isotopic studies of atmospheric methane fromice and firnIsotope reconstructions of Antarctictemperature and climateTrace ion and metal analysis techniques andapplicationsvan Ommen T,Morgan Vvan Ommen T,Morgan Vvan Ommen Tvan OmmenT, Curran M,Morgan VChappellaz J, Laboratoire de Glaciologie etGéophysique de l’Environnement (FRANCE)Ferretti D, NIWA (NZ)Steig E, Schneider D, University ofWashington (USA)McConnell J, Edwards R, Desert ResearchInstitute (USA)Water isotopes and solar climate signals van Ommen T Solanki S, Max-Planck-Institut fürSonnensystemforschung (GERMANY)Water isotopes and solar climate signals van Ommen T Usoskin I, University of Oulu (FINLAND)Antarctica’s subglacial waters – is frazil ice avital factor?Warner RWilliams M, NIWA (NZ)Validation of satellite-derived snow thicknessover Antarctic sea iceWorby A,Massom RMarkus T, NASA – Goddard Space FlightCentre (USA)Surface albedo of the Antarctic sea ice zone Worby A Brandt R, Warren S, Grenfell T, University ofWashington (USA)Regional and seasonal climatology ofAntarctic sea ice thicknessThermodynamic evolution of summer sea iceproperties in the Western Weddell SeaWorby AWorby AGeiger C, Cold Regions Research andEngineering Laboratory; DeLiberty T,University of Delaware; Ackley S, Universityof Texas San Antonio; Van Woert, NationalScience Foundation (USA)Tison J-L, Delille B, Lannuzel D, University ofBrussels (BELGIUM)Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 61

esearch collaborationProjectHelicopter-based EM for measuring Antarcticsea ice thicknessEmission of dimethylsulphide throughAntarctic sea ice leadsDiatom induced Silicon isotopic fractionationin Antarctic sea iceSOLAS-SAGENational CommitteesACEResearcher(s)Worby AWorby AWorby AWright S, vanden Enden RCollaborators, Affiliation & CountryHaas C, Pfaffling A, AWI (GERMANY)Zemmelink H, Liss P, University of EastAnglia (UK); Dacey J, Houghton L, WoodsHole Oceanographic Institution (USA)Fripiat F, Laboratoire de Glaciologie Polaire;Tison J-L, University of Brussels (BELGIUM)Harvey M, NIWA (NZ); Jones G, SouthernCross University (AUSTRALIA)Staff NameAllison IBindoff NButler EChurch JConstable AHaward MHeil PHirst AHoward WHunter JLambeck KMc Minn ANichols PNicol Svan Ommen TWright SName of CommitteeNational Committee for Earth System Science (AAS)Antarctic Research Assessment Committee, Physical SciencesLocal Organizing Committee, SCAR Open Science Conference 2006, Hobart (Chair)APAC Program Coordination Committee, 2000 to presentANARE (Astronomical Society of Australia and Science Program Managers Committee), 2003 topresent (Oceanography Coordinator)BlueNET steering Committee, 2005 to presentEnvironmental Chemistry Division Standing Committee, Royal Australian Chemical InstituteTasmanian Sea Level Reference GroupGreenhouse 2005, Program CommitteeNational Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy, Expert Advisory CommitteeAustralian Fisheries Management Authority – Subantarctic Resource Assessment GroupCCAMLR Consultative ForumTPAC Education, Outreach and Training, 2002 to present (Project Leader)Physical Sciences Antarctic Research Assessment CommitteeAustralian Association of Science (AAS) CLIVAR Sub-committee of the National Committee forClimate and Global ChangeNational Committee for Earth SciencesTasmanian Sea Level Reference GroupAustralian Academy of Science, 2006-10 (President)National Committee for Antarctic Research (AAS)Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering – Environment (Chair)Australasian Section American Oil Chemists Society (President)Tasmanian Branch Committee, Australian BiotechnologyAntarctic Research Advisory Committee (Program Leader)Antarctic Research Assessment Committee Physical Sciences (Ice, Oceans, Atmosphere andClimate Program Leader)CSIRO Marine National Facility Underway Measurement of Fluorescence sub-committee62 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

esearch collaborationInternational CommitteesStaff NameName of CommitteeAllison I ICSU/WMO Joint Committee for International Polar Year 2007-08 (Co-chair)International Glaciological Society Committee (Vice President)International Commission for Polar Meteorology (ICPM), International Association ofMeteorology and Atmospheric SciencesWorking Group I, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (Lead Author, Chapter 4 ‘Observations:Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground’)Editorial Advisory Board, Antarctic ScienceEditorial Advisory Board, Terra AntarcticaScientific Committee on Antarctic Research IPY CommitteeBindoff N IPY Data Management Committee, 2005-presentWorking Group, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (Coordinating Lead Author [with J Willebrand]Chapter 5 ‘Observations: Oceanic climate change and sea level’)CLIVAR Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices, 2002-presentChurch J Joint Scientific Committee for the World Climate Research Programme (Chair) Vice chair toMarch 2006, Chair from April 2006International Organising Committee of the Earth System Science PartnershipOrganising Committee for the WCRP Workshop on Sea-level Rise (Co-chair)International Oceanographic Commission, Scientific Advisory CommitteeConstable A CCAMLR Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management, July 2005CCAMLR Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment, October 2005CCAMLR Scientific Committee, October 2005CCAMLR Steering Committee on bioregionalisation for the CCAMLR Convention Area, October2005-ongoingCCAMLR Subgroup on the Development of Operating Models, July 2005-ongoingHaward M Editorial Board, Ocean and Coastal ManagementHeil PInternational Programme for Antarctic Buoys, Dec 2005-present (Co-chair)Hirst ACLIVAR/WCRP Working Group on Coupled ModellingHirst AEditorial Board, Ocean Dynamics: Theoretical, Computational and Observational OceanographyHoward W Editorial Board, Paleoceanography, December 2004 – December 2007Kawaguchi S CCAMLR Working Group – Ecosystem Monitoring and ManagementCCAMLR Scientific CommitteeMassom R Science Steering Group, US National Science Foundation Palmer Long-Term Ecological ResearchProgramNASA Aqua AMSR-E Science and Software TeamInternational Programme for Antarctic BuoysMorgan V IPICS Steering CommitteeIGS CouncilNicol SSouthern Ocean GLOBEC Steering CommitteeJoint SCAR/SCOR co-ordinating Group on Interdisciplinary Southern Ocean ScienceIntegrated analyses of Circumpolar Climate interactions and Ecosystem Dynamics SteeringGroupAustralian CCAMLR DelegationO’Farrell S International Commission for Polar Meteorology and ClimatologyAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 63

esearch collaborationStaff NameReid PRintoul STilbrook BTrull Tvan Ommen TWilliams GWorby AZicus SName of CommitteeWMO Commission for Climatology Expert Team on El Niño/La Niña definitionsWMO Commission for Climatology Expert Team on Climate WatchesSCAR/SCOR Expert Group on OceanographyCLIVAR/Clic/SCAR Southern Ocean PanelSouthern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography Working Group, American MeteorologicalSocietyInternational Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, 2004-present (Steering Committee Member)CLIVAR Indian Ocean Panel, 2004-06(Biogeochemist)Scientific Committee on Oceanographic Research Experts Group 116 on Upper Ocean Export,2003-06Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Steering Committee, 2003-06OceanSITES committee for time-series stations, 2006-presentSCAR Physical Sciences Standing Scientific GroupSCAR-ITASE Synthesis Group on Climate Variability (Leader)Editorial panel, Climate of the PastInternational Antarctic Zone, 2005-07 (Australian & New Zealand Representative)World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) Scientific SteeringGroup, 7-11 November 2005 (Vice Chair)Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate (ASPeCt) committee (Co-chair) Start December 2005Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) program on Antarctica and the GlobalClimate System (AGCS)Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) Data Management and Information Panel (DMIP)International workshop on Antarctic sea ice thickness (Convener & Chair of ScientificCommittee)International Polar Year Education and Outreach Committee Steering GroupStaff ExchangesStaff NameInstitution Visited &CountryPurpose of exchangeBowie A University of Plymouth (UK) Preparation of publication reporting iron distributions andspeciation along the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT)Butler E NIWA (NZ) Discuss upcoming collaboration on Southern Ocean cruises.Coleman RLaboratoire d’Etudes enGéophysique et OcéanographieSpatiales (LEGOS) (FRANCE)Scripps Institution ofOceanography (USA)Projects on Amery Ice ShelfCollaborative projects on ice shelf calvingCurran M University of Copenhagen Collaborative data processing(DENMARK)AWI (GERMANY)Scientific discussionBritish Antarctic Survey (UK) Scientific discussionHaward M Dalhousie University (CANADA) Research on Canadian oceans governanceSt Mary’s University (CANADA) Research on fisheries policyHirst A Hadley Centre (UK) CLIVAR/WCRP Working Group on Coupled Modelling meetingLugten G World Fish Centre (MALAYSIA) Research on fisheries64 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

esearch collaborationStaff NameInstitution Visited &CountryPurpose of exchangeMarsland S AWI (GERMANY) Visit H Hellmer to collaborate on ocean-sea ice-0ice shelfinteractionMax Planck Institute forMeteorology (GERMANY)Visit H Haak and J Jungclaus to update modelling skills withMax Planck Institute Ocean ModelMcMinn University of Hokkaido (JAPAN) IAI Discussions, field workUniversitie Sains Malaysia IAI Discussions, field work(MALAYSIA)Meiners K AWI (GERMANY) Planning of fieldworkInstitute for Polar Ecology Planning of fieldwork(GERMANY)Moy A AWI (GERMANY) Effects of decadal changes in Southern Ocean carbonatechemistry on marine ecosystemsNichols P University of Bremen(GERMANY)Member of specialist group looking at future globalzooplankton researchNicol S Antarctica New Zealand (NZ) To review NZ Antarctic ProgramPhipps SCCLRC Rutherford AppletonLaboratory (UK)International collaboration on the development of a webprocessing serviceSandford R Harvard University (USA) Research on climate science and public policySmith BMassachusetts Institute ofTechnology (MIT) (USA)Tufts University (USA)Department of ResourceEconomics and Development,University of New Hampshire(USA)Massachusetts Fishermen’sPartnership (USA)Laboratoroire de Glaciologieet Géophysique del’Environnment (FRANCE)Research on climate science, public policy and managingscience-intensive public policy issuesResearch on climate science, public policy and managingscience-intensive public policy issuesOpportunities for collaboration on climate and marine-relatedpublic policy, including the management of science-intensiveissuesManaging science-intensive issuesTo receive training in the laboratory techniques ofmicroparticle analysis in ice coresTrull T University of Hawaii (USA) Discuss new techniques for individual compound 15 N analysesWarner R NIWA (NZ) Developing a computer model of frazil ice growth andtransportWCRP Workshop:Understanding sea-level riseand variability (FRANCE)Participate in workshop discussions, present posterLEGOS (FRANCE)Explore collaborative research into ice shelf dynamicsWright S British Antarctic Survey (UK) Pigment analytical techniques / discuss genomics analysisInternational VisitorsVisitor’sNameInstitution/Affiliation &CountryPurpose of visitAbram N British Antarctic Survey (UK) Scientific discussionBjørnland T Norwegian University of Life Sabbatical visit. Characterise marker pigments inSciences (NORWAY)dinoflagellates and euglenophytesBlain SCentre d’Océanologie deMarseille (FRANCE)Prepare paper from collaborative KEOPS project on the effectsof natural iron fertilisation of the Southern OceanAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 65

esearch collaborationVisitor’sNameBrigham LInstitution/Affiliation &CountryUS Arctic ResearchCommission (USA)Purpose of visitSeminar and discussions on Arctic Climate Impact Assessmentand the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (2005-2008) ofthe Arctic CouncilCassar N Princeton University (USA) Set up of instrumentation used for collaborative work on O 2/ArmeasurementsDe’Ath RFricker HHagen WHegseth EHibler WBristol Glaciology Centre,University of Bristol (UK)Scripps Institution ofOceanography (USA)University of Bremen(GERMANY)University of Tromsø(NORWAY)IARC, University of Alaska(USA)Participate in Antarctic accumulation workshop at ACE CRC,present seminar on contribution of glaciers to future sea-levelrise, and discuss iceberg trajectory modelling research.Collaborative projects on Antarctic researchFood web studies, including laboratory feeding trials andmanuscript preparationCollaboration on sea ice primary productivity studiesCollaboration on ice-ocean modelGranskog M University of ManitobaPlanning of fieldwork(CANADA)Legrésy B LEGOS/CNRS (FRANCE) Participate in Antarctic summer field season and project workon Amery Ice ShelfLenser T University of York (UK) Masters professional placementPoisson AUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie(FRANCE)Joint work on AstrolabeSchneider D University of Washington SCAR Fellowship(USA)Schwarz J AWI (GERMANY) Post-cruise analysis of bio-optical samples from the Broke-West voyage.Szeto A York University (CANADA) Sabbatical leave, working with Roland Warner and RichardColeman on ice shelf flexureTeschke M AWI (GERMANY) Collaborative experiment on krill growth and physiology usingKingston facilityWoolf ACCLRC Rutherford AppletonLaboratory (UK)Research Consultancies & ContractsEstablish Web Services at UTAS, and shape TPAC grid visionName Consultancy or contract Period Total (A$) 2005-06 ($)Bindoff NHunter JColeman RLugten GStrategies and Recommendations Report forFuture Best Practice Science Computing inDepartment of Natural Resources, Mines andWaterHydro Tasmania ContractSea-level Reference Group (TasmanianGovernment)Sustainable yield as a fisheries conservationobjective in developing statesMay 2005 toMarch 20062003 to May2006Pro bono*$340,000cash plusin-kind~$340,000Pro bono2003-06 $800 $200Jan – June2006Pro bono*$150,000cashPro bonoMcInnes K Gippsland Coastal Board 1 October2005 – 30June 2006*$45,000 *$45,00066 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

esearch collaborationName Consultancy or contract Period Total (A$) 2005-06 ($)Trull TOcean Nourishment, Inc.: Advice onformulating and presenting quantificationof carbon sequestration achieved byocean nutrient additions for submission toUnited Nations Sustainable DevelopmentMechanism process*Funds not administered by the ACE CRC.GrantsJuly 2006 *$3,000(estimatedvalue – probono)Project & granting body Researchers GrantperiodIce sheet-atmosphere interaction and surfaceclimatology of interior Antarctica (AustralianAntarctic Research Program)Sea ice thickness distribution in the Indian Oceansector of the Southern Ocean.Australian Antarctic Research ProgramThe drift of Antarctic sea iceAustralian Antarctic Research ProgramIce shelf - ocean interaction in the cavity beneaththe Amery Ice ShelfAustralian Antarctic Research ProgramSimulating the Southern Ocean With an Active Seaice ModelAPAC Merit Allocation SchemeIPCC, Chapter 5 Observations: Oceanic ClimateChange and Sea LevelAust. Greenhouse OfficeTPAC National Facility, Grid and EOT program 2004-2006APACThe oceanography of the region between 30° and80° East (CCAMLR Division 58.4.2)ASACTargeting organically-complexed iron species inseawater using selective solid-phase adsorbentresinsARC DiscoveryOrigin of elevated Southern Ocean productivityand its influence on atmospheric carbon dioxide(KEOPS)DEST International Science Linkages (FASTprogram)Selenium as a key micronutrient in primaryproductivity in the Southern OceanAustralian Antarctic Science grantAllison I 2003-08 LogisticalsupportAllison I 2003-08 LogisticalsupportAllison I 2003-08 LogisticalsupportAllison I, BindoffN, Craven M2003-07 LogisticalsupportBindoff N 2005 Computertime460800ServiceUnits,$200,000Bindoff N July 2004-July 2007Bindoff N 2004-06inclusiveBindoff N, TrullT, Tilbrook B,Nicol S$3,000(estimatedvalue – probono)Cash and/or In-KindTotal 2005-06$200,000$58,000 $29,000$1,440,000 $480,0002005-06 Ship time for$1,792,000Ship time for$1,792,000Bowie A 2003-06 $275,035 $82,345Bowie A, Trull T 2004-06 $52,680cash;$3,456,584in-kindButler E, WakeB, Bowie A2004-07 $122,000 inkind$34,180cashAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 67

esearch collaborationProject & granting body Researchers GrantperiodActive Ice-Shelf Rift Systems on the Amery IceShelf, East AntarcticaARC DiscoveryTasmanian Shoreline Monitoring Project in NorthernTasmaniaUTAS Institutional Research Grant SchemeFracturing and deformation along the Amery IceShelfAASIceberg Calving from active ice-shelf rift systems onthe Amery Ice ShelfAASInteractive effects of light, CO 2and iron onphytoplankton community dynamics in the RossSea, AntarcticaNational Science Foundation, Office of PolarPrograms (USA)Supporting or Sabotaging SustainableDevelopment: State Responses to EnvironmentalCertification Schemes’ARC DiscoveryHyphenated Capillary Electrophoresis - MassSpectrometry FacilityARC Linkage-Infrastructure, Equipment andFacilitiesLong term investigation of the southern ocean withhigh resolution simulations of a coupled ice-oceanmodelAASImplementation of a sea ice modelAASInvestigation of Antarctic sea ice with a highresolutioncoupled ice-ocean modelAPAC Merit Allocation SchemeStudying high-frequency Arctic and Antarctic sea icedynamics using drifting buoy data.AASLong term investigation of the Southern Ocean withhigh resolution simulations of a coupled ice-oceanmodelAPAC Merit Grant SchemeCash and/or In-KindTotal 2005-06Coleman R 2006-08 $290,000 $55,500Coleman R 2005 $22,500 $11,250Coleman R,Fricker A, LackieM, Young NColeman R,Fricker H, YoungNDiTullio G,Hutchins D,Smith W,Sedwick P,Dunbar R, TortellP, Bowie A2005-06 $18,055Logistical$850,0002005-06 $27,277Logistical$1.2M$18,055$27,2772005-07 $495,428 $15,000Gale F, Haward M 2004-06 $150,000 $50,000Haddad P, ClarkM, Reid J, BowieA, Macka M,McMeekin T,Bowman J, RossJ, Breadmore M,Hilder E, GuijtR, Shellie R,Jacobson G2006 $263,000 $263,000Heil P, Allison I 2004-10 LogisticalsupportHeil P, Bindoff N 2004-08 LogisticalsupportHeil P, Bindoff Nand others2005 $230,000serviceunits,$100,000logisticalHeil P 2006-09 LogisticalsupportLogisticalsupportLogisticalsupport$100,000LogisticalsupportHeil P and others 2005 $460,000 $207,00068 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

esearch collaborationProject & granting body Researchers GrantperiodLong term investigation of the Southern Ocean withhigh resolution simulations of a coupled ice-oceanmodelAPAC Merit Grant SchemeWinter temperature and salinity measurements inthe Southern Ocean using elephant seals as oceanobserving platformARC DiscoveryVariability and stability of Antarctic Bottom Water inMk3 modelAustralian Antarctic ProgramPhysical and biogeochemical dynamics of theSubantarctic ZoneAASCash and/or In-KindTotal 2005-06Heil P and others 2006 $60,000 $20,000Hindell M,Michael K,Coleman R,Rintoul RHirst A, O’FarrellS, England MHoward W,Trull T, BowieA, TilbrookB, Griffiths B,Wright S2003-05 $250,000 $40,000July 2004-July 200715/1/07– 15/2/07$84 000 $28 000$3,000,000logisticalsupportPotential effects of increasing anthropogenic CO 2onmarine plankton in the Southern OceanAustralian Greenhouse OfficeFederalism and international risk managementARC DiscoveryTourism to subantarctic Macquarie Island and EastAntarctica from Hobart – A scoping studyTasmanian Polar NetworkLooking back to see the future: Change in theLambert Glacier and the East Antarctic Ice Sheet– postglacial work of relevance to SLPARC DiscoveryThe Southern Ocean and sea ice response toclimate variability and changeAPAC Merit Grant SchemeA study of fast-ice distribution and polynyas in EastAntarctica using ALOS dataJAXA (Japanese Space Agency)Validation of AMSR-E Antarctic sea ice products inEast AntarcticaNASARemote sensing validation experimentASACThe validation of Cryosat sea ice thicknessmeasurements in AntarcticaEuropean Space AgencyHoward W, Moy A May 2006-May 2007Kellow A, HawardMJabour J Nov 2005-Nov 2006Lambeck K, FabelD, Tregoning P,Coleman R, FinkDMarsland S, HeilP and othersMassom R,Worby A, Lytle VMassom R, LytleV, Worby A,Michael K, YoungNMassom R,Allison I, WorbyA, Lytle V,Michael K, YoungNMassom R,Allison I, WorbyA, Michael K,Lytle V, Young N$108,000 $108,0002002-05 $90,000 $32,000$38,500(includes$27,500in kindsupport forship berthsand surveyproduction)$32,4662003-06 $530,000 $140,0002006 $190,000 $90,0002003-07 Satellitedata2002-06 Satellitedata2002-06 Logisticalsupport forV1 2003-042002-06 SatellitedataSatellitedataSatellitedataSatellitedataAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 69

esearch collaborationProject & granting body Researchers GrantperiodSouthern Ocean Primary ProductionAASEffect of climate change on coastal primaryproductionAASAn integrated study of processes linking sea ice andbiological ecosystem elements off East Antarcticaduring winterDepartment of Environment and HeritageSimulating the climate of the last glacial cycleAPACSimulating the climate of the last glacial cycleiVECThe ARC Earth System Science NetworkARC NetworkEarth Systems Science OPeNDAP compute serverframeworkARCImpact of atmospheric deposition on the distributionand speciation of trace elements in the upperocean: Focus on iron in the Sargasso SeaNational Science Foundation, ChemicalOceanography (USA)Southern Ocean carbon cycle (for BROKE cruise andunderway sampling)Australian Antarctic Science Program award #2592PULSE: Role of rapid and seasonal mixed-layerdynamics in Southern Ocean plankton productionand carbon transports including air-sea exchange ofcarbon dioxide and particulate carbon fluxes to theocean interiorAustralian Marine National FacilitySAZ Project: Mooring based study of Subantarcticcarbon exportAustralian Antarctic Science Program award #1156VERTIGO: Vertical Flux in the Global OceanUS National Science FoundationMcMinn A 2005-06 $20,000 +$200,000logisticalMcMinn A 2005-06 $12,000 +$415,000logisticalsupportMeiners K,Allison I,Davidson A,Hosie G, NicolS, Wright S,ConstableA, Worby A,McMinn A, TrullT, Williams G,Kawaguchi S,Wadley V, AllenS, Brierley APhipps S,Roberts J, BuddW, van Ommen TPhipps S,Roberts J, BuddW, van Ommen TPitman A, BindoffN, Coleman RRoberts J,Bindoff N, HylandGSedwick P, BowieA, Church T,Sholkovitz ESept 2007Cash and/or In-KindTotal 2005-06Ship time(Approx.$2.5 M,30 days @$85,000)2005-06 Computertime$27,000.00(approx.)2005-06 Computertime$200,000.00(approx.)$27,000.00(approx.)$200,000.00(approx.)2005-07 $1,170,000 $400,0001 Jan-31Dec 20062006-09 $568,205Tilbrook B 2005-06 Logisticalsupporton AuroraAustralis,Nov-AprilTrull T, Griffiths F,Tilbrook B, ButlerE, Bowie A$81,900 $40,9502005-06 14 daysship time in2005-06Trull T, Bray S 2005-06 5 daysship timeon AuroraAustralisTrull T, BuesselerKBerths andship timeon AuroraAustralis14 daysship timeon SouthernSurveyor,March 20065 daysship timeon AuroraAustralis2003-06 $ 3,800,000 $ 900,00070 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

esearch collaborationProject & granting body Researchers GrantperiodClimate modulation of the 10Be solar activity proxyAINSE (Australian Institute of Nuclear Science andEngineering)van Ommen T Morgan V‘Antarctica’s subglacial waters – is frazil ice a vitalfactor?’Refining modelling of ice shelf ocean interactions,improving numerical modelling of the oceancirculation under ice shelves, and advancingunderstanding of the processes controlling freezingbeneath the Amery ice shelfRoyal Society of New Zealand Marsden FundRedox and colloidal iron biogeochemistry in surfaceAtlantic waters and its role in ocean productivityNational Environmental Research Council (UK)Application of new techniques for sea icecharacterisationAASTrull T, Pedro JAbrupt climatechangeWilliams M,Warner R(AssociateInvestigator)Worsfold P,Bowie AWorby A, Heil P,Massom RGrant iscurrentlyunofficialExpectedto beofficialbefore 30June.UntilDecember2007Cash and/or In-KindTotal 2005-06$17,220$40,500 $40,5002004-06 $83,000 $27,6002004-06 $515,120 $4,2002004-06 LogisticalsupportLogisticalsupportAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 71

education & trainingProgram LeaderProf Andrew McMinnUniversity of TasmaniaLooking South Together is an integratedresearch training and knowledge transferprogram of the Antarctic Climate &Ecosystems CRC. The program uses ACECRC expertise to produce well-trainedscientists who have world class skills inresearch, an understanding of its broadapplication and its role in enterprise, andinternational experience. It is managedby the University of Tasmania’s Instituteof Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies(IASOS), whose staff contribute 50 percent of their time to the ACE CRC.Program Objectives• To develop higher education programsthat meet the needs of ACE CRCstakeholders.Developing higher education programs isa continuing process of refinement. Theprogram is focused on postgraduate trainingthrough the PhD program. The programis large by both national and internationalstandards and produces a steady flowthough of finishing graduate students. Thesestudents are substantial contributors to eachof the ACE CRC research programs.• To address the long-term un-metnational demand for highly-trainedpersonnel with quantitative skills inoceanography and marine ecology.By working with the Quantitative MarineScience (QMS) program we are providing,advanced, high level training courses to helpmeet the shortage of quantitative scientists.Ten of our PhD students are enrolled in thisprogram, which is now in its second year ofoperation. All other ACE CRC students areenrolled in projects identified as researchrequired by the ACE CRC.• To facilitate the communication of ourresearch outcomes to the communitythrough interaction with the media,museums, schools and other communityassociations.Communication of research outcomes to thecommunity are coordinated through the ACECRC Communications Program and progresstoward this objective is detailed in thatsection.Program OverviewPostgraduate TrainingDevelopment of highly-trained scientists is apriority of the ACE CRC. This training programbuilds on the significant contribution made bythe previous Antarctic CRC to national training instrategic scientific areas. Looking South Togetherworks with the Science and Policy Programs andall ACE CRC participants to identify high priorityresearch for students and uses a mix of broadlyadvertised,fully-funded and ‘top-up’ scholarshipsto attract first-rate students to these areas.The ACE CRC Educational Program is one of thelargest graduate programs at the Universityof Tasmania and among the top polar sciencegraduate programs in the world. During thefirst two years of the ACE CRC, 14 postgraduatestudents received degrees and 16 new studentswere admitted. The program has a stronginternational focus with students from 11different countries enrolled.72 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

education & trainingThe Education Program is also genuinelymultidisciplinary and interdisciplinary. Notonly do our students work in areas asdiverse as ocean policy, climate modelling,Appendicularians, sea-level change, krillphysiology and phytoplankton ecology; there arealso significant numbers of students who workacross discipline areas and across two or moreof the ACE CRC research programs. This levelof cooperation is unusual in Australian highereducation and is a tribute to the partners of theACE CRC who are clearly able to think laterallyand are committed to optimising researchoutcomes.Knowledge TransferIt is also important for the ACE CRC tocommunicate its research outputs and outcomesto the wider community. We are working withour core partners, museums and educationorganisations to raise awareness of AntarcticScience. We contribute to displays andexhibitions, provide speakers and generallyseek to enhance awareness of the importance ofAntarctic and Southern Ocean science. We alsoparticipate in national science and educationpromotions to ensure that our research resultsare communicated to the widest possibleaudience. This work is coordinated with, andsupported by, the ACE CRC CommunicationsManager.Plans for 2006-07The Education Program will continue theeducation and training of young scientists andpolicy makers. A strong recruitment drive in2006-07 will endeavour to attract as large acohort of new students as possible to maximisethe use of scholarships prior to the completion ofthe CRC in 2010. Other programs will continue.In addition, we will provide continued supportfor student conference travel. This will includea large group (12) to attend the SCAR ScienceMeeting in Hobart in July 2006.The AWI exchange program will continue andanother 2 students will travel to Germanyto work with AWI. Take up of the reciprocalscholarships by German students coming toHobart is less fully subscribed.Key Achievements 2005-06• Recruited 12 new graduate students intothe Education Program, giving a currentenrolment of 61 students.• Currently have 7 students participating inthe joint CSIRO/University of TasmaniaQuantitative Marine Science (QMS) PhDProgram. Six CRC staff members run orcontribute to these courses. A further 3 CRCfunded staff and 13 contributed staff lecturein other UTAS undergraduate courses.• Held first student-based symposium.• Supported 5 students to attend internationalconferences, 2 to participate in the AWIexchange program and 4 to attend nationalconferences.• Conducted extension courses for students incommercialisation and poster-making.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 73

education & trainingProgress against contractual milestonesOutcome: Increase awareness of the climate system and our role/influence in it.Output: Train the climate specialists of tomorrow.Milestone Date ProgressAttract an increasing number of top-qualitystudents and deliver on-time completion ofresearch theses.2003-10 Intake of 12 new students in the past 12months.6 students were awarded their PhD and afurther 10 are under examination.Outcome: Raise public awareness of Antarctica and Southern Ocean science.Output: Communication liaison with the general public.Milestone Date ProgressEstablish communications/liaisonwith community groups via ACE CRCcontributions to *‘Antarctic Adventure’,museums and educational facilities.* Note: ‘Antarctic Adventure’ no longer exists.2003-10 Second Research Users’ Forum held inCanberra in February 2006.ACE CRC researchers contributed to thedevelopment of a major Antarctic exhibit atthe Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery.ACE CRC researchers did more than 50presentations to non-specialist audiences,including school groups, teachers andcommunity organisations.The ACE CRC participated in 3 differentevents during the Hobart AntarcticMidwinter Festival.74 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

education & trainingCurrent student projects - PhDStudent name Program Thesis title Supervisors & AffiliationsAndrews-Goff,VirginiaBombardieri,DanielAME Winter Foraging Ranges of Weddell Seals Dr Mark Hindell (Zoology), DrJean-Benoit Charrassin (Paris)EDUSolar Proton Events: Their Origins and Effectson Polar NOx LevelsBroweleit, Jane POL Can Market-Oriented Measures Dry up Enoughof the Profits from IUU Fishing Operations inthe Southern Ocean to Force a Wholesale orIncremental Abandonment of the Trade?Dr Kelvin Michael (IASOS/ACE),Dr Marc Duldig (AAD), Dr JohnHumble (AAD)Dr Julia Jabour (IASOS/ACE), DrGail Lugten (Law), A/Prof MarcusHaward (Government/IASOS/ACE)Brown, Matthew AME Growth and Reproduction of Antarctic Krill Dr Patti Virtue (IASOS/IAI), DrSteve Nicol (AAD/ACE), Dr SoKawaguchi (AAD/ACE)Court, John SLR /CVCDonoghue,ShavawnComputer Simulations of the Dynamicsand Time Evolution of Ice Shelves and IceStreamsDr John Hunter (ACE), Prof BillBudd (IASOS), Dr Roland Warner(AAD/ACE)SLR Heard Island Climate and Glacial Retreat Dr Rob Massom (AAD/ACE), DrIan Allison (AAD/ACE), Dr DougThost (AAD/ACE)Durack, Paul CVC Ocean Climate Change with Emphasis on theSouthern HemisphereEstermann,GisellaFoster, Jacqui POL Development and Management of theSouthern Ocean Krill FisheryGalton-Fenzi,BenGoldsworthy,BrettA/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Dr Susan Wijffels(CSIRO)SLR Monitoring Recent Environmental Changes Prof Kurt Lambeck (ANU)SLRCVCNumerical Modelling of the Circulation andMelt/Freeze Pattern under Ice ShelvesAntarctic and Southern Ocean Processes inGlobal Climate ModellingGrose, Michael AME Biogenic Gas Production and PhytoplanktonEcology at Cape GrimHelm, Kieran CVC Dynamics of Global Ocean CirculationVariabilityHerraizBorreguero,LauraCVCVariability of SAMW and AAIW in theAustralian Sector of the Southern OceanHiggins, Jane AME Maps of levels of UV radiation in the EastAntarctic Sea ice zone to estimate potentialdamage to the marine biota of the regionA/Prof Marcus Haward(Government/IASOS/ACE), DrJulia Jabour (IASOS/ACE), DrSteve Nicol (AAD/ACE)Prof Richard Coleman (QMS/ACE),Dr John Hunter (ACE), Dr JohnChurch (CSIRO/ACE)Dr Kelvin Michael (IASOS/ACE),Prof Bill Budd (IASOS)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Jill Cainey (BoM)A/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Dr John Church(CSIRO/ACE)Prof Richard Coleman (QMS/ACE),Dr Steve Rintoul (CSIRO/ACE)Dr Kelvin Michael (IASOS/ACE),Dr Rob Massom (AAD/ACE)Hill, Katrina CVC A Climatology of Polynyas in East Antarctica Dr Kelvin Michael (IASOS/ACE),Dr Rob Massom (AAD/ACE), DrRay Williams (Computing)Hill, Katy EDU Dynamics and Impacts of East AustralianCurrent Variability off the Southeast Coast ofAustraliaHislop, Cheryle POL Marine Protected Areas in High Seas: PastProblems and Fresh Discourses in Issues ofOcean GovernanceA/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Prof RichardColeman (QMS/ACE), Dr SteveRintoul (CSIRO/ACE)A/Prof Marcus Haward(Government/IASOS/ACE), DrJulia Jabour (IASOS/ACE), DrRobert Hall (Government)Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 75

education & trainingStudent name Program Thesis title Supervisors & AffiliationsHowe, Sarah CVC Detecting Climate Change in the SouthernOcean Using Historical and WOCETemperature, Salinity and Nutrient DataIliff, Mike POL The International Whaling Commission 2005-2008Ingleton, Tim EDU Effects of Thermal Pollution on BenthicCommunities in Lake Macquarie, NSWJackson,ChristineAMEDetermining Cetacean - Cephalopod DietaryStructure and Trophic Relationships inthe Southern Ocean: A Qualitative andQuantitative ApproachKarsh, Kristen CO2 Environmental Controls on Nitrogen IsotopicFractionation by Subantarctic and AntarcticPhytoplanktonKlocker, Andreas CVC Why is the Ocean so Skinny, and What are theConsequences of this Sparseness?Lake, Sam AME Population Ecology of Weddell Seals in theVestfold Hills, AntarcticaLewis, Patrick AME An Investigation into Introduced MarineSpecies in the Sub-AntarcticLindsay,MargaretAME /CO2Biology of Southern Ocean Appendicularians,their Role in Carbon Cycles and Impacts onMarine Microbial CommunityMeijers, Andrew CVC Southern Ocean Intermediate WaterDynamics and Variability Inferred fromSatellite AltimetryMohammad,MahadiEDUAntarctic Meiofauna from Casey Station,AntarcticaMolina, Ernesto CO2 Response of Photosynthetic Parametersto Varying Light Regimes in the MarineEnvironmentMurray, Carl POL “Scott of the Antarctic”: The Conservation ofa StoryNevill, Jon POL Australian Marine Biodiversity Conservation:Rhetoric and RealityParkinson,RachaelPassmore,AbrahamCVCAMEDetermination of Palaeoprecipitation usingHigh-Resolution Lake Sediment Cores fromthe Vestfold HillsA DNA-based Study of the Diet of AntarcticKrillA/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Dr John Church(CSIRO/ACE)Dr Julia Jabour (IASOS/ACE), A/Prof Marcus Haward(Government/IASOS/ACE)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Prof Gustaaf Hallegraeff(Plant Science), Dr Henk Heijnis(ANSTO)Dr Patti Virtue (IASOS/IAI), DrPeter Nichols (CSIRO), Dr EricGrist (CSIRO), Dr Rosemary Gales(DPIWE)A/Prof Tom Trull (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Dr Danny Sigman(Princeton)A/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Dr Trevor McDougall(CSIRO), Dr Stephen Griffies(NOAA/GFDL), Dr David Jackett(CSIRO)Dr George Jackson (IASOS/ACE),Dr Mark Hindell (Zoology/ACE),Mr Harry Burton (AAD)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Chad Hewitt (CSIRO), DrMartin Riddle (AAD)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Graham Hosie (AAD)A/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Dr Steve Rintoul(CSIRO/ACE)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Johnny Stark (AAD), DrMartin Riddle (AAD)A/Prof Tom Trull (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Dr Andy Bowie (ACE)Dr Julia Jabour (IASOS/ACE), A/Prof Marcus Haward(Government/IASOS/ACE)A/Prof Marcus Haward(Government/IASOS/ACE), DrKaren Edyvane (Geog & EnvStudies), Dr Ian Cresswell (NOO),Dr Trevor Ward (UWA)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr John Gibson (IASOS), DrDom Hodgson (BAS)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Simon Jarman (AAD),Dr Steve Nicol (AAD), Dr KerrieSwaddling (Zoology)76 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

education & trainingStudent name Program Thesis title Supervisors & AffiliationsPethybridge,HeidiAMEEcology of Pelagic Organisms and FoodwebInteractionsPointing, David EDU Implementing Hydrogen EnergyTechnologies in Remote, Harsh and SensitiveEnvironments: Using Antarctica as a CaseStudySalleh, Sazlina EDU Effects of Cultural Eutrophication on theBenthic Primary Production of Tropical,Temperate and Polar EcosystemsSaunders,KrystynaScherrer,FrancesEDUHuman Impacts on Southeast AustralianCoastal Lagoons and Shallow Bays sinceEuropean Settlement: Three Case StudiesDr George Jackson (IASOS/ACE),Dr Patti Virtue (IASOS/IAI), DrPeter Nichols (CSIRO), Dr RossDaley (CSIRO), Dr Ed Butler(CSIRO)Dr Kelvin Michael (IASOS/ACE),Dr Oystein Ulleberg (IFE Norway),A/Prof Jian Guo Zhu (UTS)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Prof Gustaaf Hallegraeff(Plant Science)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Donna Roberts (IASOS)POL International Environmental Law Prof Don Chalmers (Law), A/ProfMarcus Haward (Government/IASOS/ACE)Smith, Rick CVC Dominating Physical Processes on theAustralian Continental ShelfStark, Camilla CVC Gravity Wave Interactions with PolarStratospheric Clouds above Davis, AntarcticaProf Richard Coleman (QMS/ACE),Dr Peter Harris (GA)Dr Kelvin Michael (IASOS/ACE),Dr Andrew Klekociuk (AAD)Stark, Kate AME Ecology of Arrow Squid Dr George Jackson (IASOS/ACE),Dr Jeremy Lyle (TAFI)Sumby, Jon POL Science-Policy Gap in Marine ResourceManagementA/Prof Marcus Haward(Government/IASOS/ACE), ProfBruce Mapstone (ACE)Sumner, Mike AME Mapping Marine Predator Foraging Behaviour Dr Kelvin Michael (IASOS/ACE),A/Prof Mark Hindell (Zoology),Dr Simon Wotherspoon(Mathematics), Dr CoreyBradshaw (CDU)Tierney, Megan AME Comparative Analysis of Existing and Novel,Non-invasive Methods for Determining Diet ofAdelie PenguinsTreverrow,AdamSLR /CVCLaboratory Investigation of Ice RheologicalProperties and Incorporation into Antarctic IceSheet Mass Balance CalculationsTria, Juliette CO2 Quantifying the Impact of Dust Depositionto the Southern Ocean using DissolvedAluminium ConcentrationsWake, Bronwyn CO2 Speciation of Some Metalloid Elements inOpen Ocean WatersWidolf, Elli POL Australian Antarctic Science: Consciousnessand BehaviourYoshida,ToshihiroAMEThe Effect of Environmental Factors on theEarly Development of Antarctic KrillA/Prof Mark Hindell (Zoology), DrSimon Jarman (AAD)Dr Kelvin Michael (IASOS/ACE),Prof Bill Budd (IASOS), Dr RolandWarner (AAD), Dr Jo Jacka (AAD)Dr Andy Bowie (ACE), Prof PaulHaddad (Chemistry), Dr Ed Butler(CSIRO/ACE)Prof Paul Haddad (Chemistry), DrAndy Bowie (ACE), Dr Ed Butler(CSIRO/ACE)Dr Julia Jabour (IASOS/ACE), A/Prof Marcus Haward(Government/IASOS/ACE), DrJohn Davidson (Psychology)Dr George Jackson (IASOS/ACE),Dr Steve Nicol (AAD/ACE), Dr SoKawaguchi (AAD/ACE)Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 77

education & trainingCurrent student projects - MSc or MAStudent name Program Thesis title Supervisors & AffiliationsDownes,StephanieEvans, Sherrie-LeeCVCPOLAssessing the Climatic Response of Changesin Ocean Currents and Atmospheric Conditionsin the Southern HemisphereHeritage at Risk: Cultural HeritageManagement in the Antarctic and Sub-AntarcticGan, Irina POL International Relations and the Human Factor- The History of Relations between DifferentNations involved with AntarcticaJordan, Leonie EDU The Effect of Changing Light on the QuantumYield of Migrating Benthic DiatomsMatthews, David CVC Southern Ocean Circulation from Iceberg DriftPatternsTurner,JacquelynPOLDoes the Use of Consensus Decision Making inCCAMLR make it more Difficult to FormulateEffective Conservation MeasuresA/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Dr Steve Rintoul(CSIRO/ACE), Dr Jason Roberts(TPAC)Dr Julia Jabour (IASOS/ACE), MrTom Maggs (AAD), Dr MichaelPearson (ACT)Dr Julia Jabour (IASOS/ACE), A/Prof Marcus Haward(Government/IASOS/ACE)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Klaus Meiners (ACE)A/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Mr Neal Young(AAD)Dr Julia Jabour (IASOS/ACE), ProfDenzil Miller (CCAMLR)Under exam - PhDStudent name Program Thesis title Supervisors & AffiliationsHarris, Jane POL The Madrid Protocol and Beyond: Strategiesfor Marine Conservation and Sustainable Usein the AntarcticLenton, Andrew CO2 The Air-Sea Flux of CO2 in the SouthernOceanMoore, JasonKendallPOLThe Western Hemisphere and US-BritishCommonwealth Relations toward theAntarctic, 1939-1959Moore, Thomas CVC Physical Oceanographic Controls onPhytoplankton Distribution in the Banda Seaand Western Australian RegionOlivier,FrederiquePankowski,AndrewAMEAMENesting Habitat Preferences of SnowPetrels (Pagodroma nivea) and Wilson’sStorm Petrels (Oceanites oceanicus) in EastAntarctica: A Modelling Approach to PredictSpecies DistributionFerredoxin and Flavodoxin as Indicatorsof Iron Availability in Antarctic Sea IceMicroalgal CommunitiesPhipps, Steven CVC Long-term Climate Studies using a CoupledGeneral Circulation ModelRoy, Tilla CO2 Atmospheric and Oceanic Constraints onGlobal Biogeochemical ProcessesA/Prof Marcus Haward (IASOS/Government/ACE), Dr Julia Jabour(IASOS/ACE), Dr Eric Woehler(IASOS)A/Prof Tom Trull (IASOS/ACE), DrRichard Matear (CSIRO/ACE), DrBronte Tilbrook (CSIRO/ACE)A/Prof Marcus Haward (IASOS/Government/ACE), Dr Robert Hall(Government)A/Prof Tom Trull (IASOS/ACE), DrRichard Matear (CSIRO/ACE), DrDavid Griffin (CSIRO/ACE)Dr George Jackson (IASOS/ACE), Dr Simon Wotherspoon(Mathematics)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr John Bowman(Agricultural Science)A/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/ACE), Prof Bill Budd (IASOS),Dr Tas van Ommen (AAD/ACE),Dr Scott Power (BoM), Dr JasonRoberts (TPAC)A/Prof Tom Trull (IASOS/ACE), DrRichard Matear (CSIRO/ACE), DrRoger Francey (CSIRO), Prof BillBudd (IASOS), Dr Peter Rayner(CSIRO)78 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

education & trainingUnder exam - MSc or MAStudent name Program Thesis title Supervisors & AffiliationsCatchpole, Ann-MareeCVCVariability and Climate Change Signals in theSouthern Ocean in the CSIRO and AntarcticCRC Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere ModelPike, Rhonda AME Diet and Distribution of Weddell Seals alongthe Mawson Coast, East AntarcticaA/Prof Nathan Bindoff (IASOS/CSIRO/ACE), Dr John Church(CSIRO/ACE)Dr George Jackson (IASOS/ACE),Dr Mark Hindell (Zoology/ACE),Mr Harry Burton (AAD)PhD Degrees awarded 1 July 2005 – 30 June 2006Student name Program Thesis title Supervisors & AffiliationsHunt, Brian AME Distribution of Zooplankton in the SouthernOceanLane, Alison EDU Ecotoxicological Studies of the Effects ofHeavy Metals and Hydrocarbons on Antarcticand Temperate EchinodermsLane, Chris EDU The Use of Diatoms as Biological Indicatorsof Water Quality, and for EnvironmentalReconstruction, in South-East Tasmania,AustraliaMcMorrow,AlisonCVCIntercomparison of Snow Pit Parameters andMeteorological ObservationsMoy, Andrew CVC Late Pleistocene Palaeoceanographic andGeochemical Evolution of the South TasmanRiseRoberts, Andrew CVC Medium-range Numerical Prediction ofAntarctic Sea IceProf Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Graham Hosie (AAD),A/Prof David Ritz (Zoology)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Martin Riddle (AAD)Prof Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE)Dr Rob Massom (ACE), Dr MarkCurran (AAD/ACE), Dr Tas vanOmmen (AAD/ACE), Mr VinMorgan (AAD/ACE)Dr Will Howard (ACE), Dr PeterHarris (GA)Prof Bill Budd (AntCRC), Dr RogerHughes (CSIRO), Dr Petra Heil(TPAC)MSc or MA degrees awarded 1 July 2005 - 30 June 2006Student name Program Thesis title Supervisors & AffiliationsJackson,ChristineAMEBiology and Ecology of the Southern OceanOmmastrephid Squid Todarodes filippovaeProf Andrew McMinn (IASOS/ACE), Dr Simon Wotherspoon(Mathematics), Dr Patti Virtue(IASOS)Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 79

performance measuresObjective 1: Enhance the contribution of long-term scientific and technologicalresearch and innovation to Australia’s sustainable economic and social development1.1 Advance Australia’s aspirations for its Antarctic territory and Southern Ocean exclusive economiczones.Performance Measures Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2005-06International commitmentto Australia’s claimsis augmented by wisestewardship. ACE CRCwill provide scientificleadership necessaryto this stewardship.Performance measuresinclude:1. Use of ACE CRCresearch by EA,AGO, and otherAustralian agenciesin their internationaldiscussions,regulatory activitiesand managementdecisions.2. Broad recognitionby the internationalcommunity thatAustralian Antarcticclimate and ecosystemscience is of thehighest quality, andis targeting essentialissues.ACE CRC researchers siton 11 national and 17international committeesrelating to Antarctic andSouthern Ocean research/management and climatechange prediction andanalysis.ACE CRC researcherspublished 65 refereedpapers, 44 conferencepapers, seven bookchapters and 24 otherpapers.ACE CRC researchers servedon 24 national and 41international committees,editorial boards or advisoryboards related to Antarcticand Southern Ocean research/management and climatechange prediction andanalysis.ACE CRC researcherspublished 47 refereed papers,29 conference papers orabstracts, 2 book chapters, 9technical reports, and 4 otherpapers.7 ACE CRC researchers servedas consultants to variousindustries or governmentagencies.ACE CRC researchers served on24 national and 56 internationalcommittees, editorial boards oradvisory boards related to Antarcticand Southern Ocean research/management and climate changeprediction and analysis.ACE CRC researchers authored orco-authored 63 refereed papers,3 books, 10 book chapters, 4conference articles, 29 conferenceabstracts, 2 technical reports and14 other papers.8 ACE CRC researchers served asconsultants to various industries orgovernment agencies.2 ACE CRC researchers served aslead author and convening leadauthor for chapters in the upcoming4 th IPCC Assessment Report.1.2 Increase international engagement in Southern Ocean and Antarctic research relevant to Australia’sinterests.Performance Measure Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2005-06Commitment by othernations to undertakescientific research inthe Australian Antarcticterritory and in theSouthern Ocean south ofAustralia in collaborationwith the ACE CRC.ACE CRC has37 internationalcollaborations, involving10 countries, relating toAntarctica, the SouthernOcean and/or climatechange.ACE CRC researchers tookpart in 69 internationalcollaborations involving 13countries.ACE CRC hosted 25international visitors from 11different countries.ACE CRC researchers took partin 82 international collaborationsinvolving 17 countries.ACE CRC hosted 19 internationalvisitors from 6 different countries.80 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

performance measuresObjective 2: Enhance the transfer of research outputs into commercial or otheroutcomes of economic, environmental or social benefit to Australia2.1 To develop new approaches to the forecasting of ocean and ice conditions, which can beimplemented for operational use by partner and other agencies.Performance Measure Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2005-06Uptake of theseapproaches by operationalagencies.Research projectsinitiated.Demonstrated that oceantemperatures can be usedto derive accurate transportestimates of the AntarcticCircumpolar Current in DrakePassage, allowing a costeffectivemeans of monitoringthe current.2.2 To provide science for the assessment of sustainable ecosystem management.Meteorologist responsible fordeveloping sea ice data assimilationfrom satellite images employed;work is ongoing in the developmentand delivery of a sea ice analysissystem for Bureau of Meteorologyforecasters in the Antarctic.Planning well advanced for July2007 International Workshop onAntarctic sea ice thickness, to beheld in Hobart.Variability of the sea ice in theMk3.0 and Mk3.5 models has beenanalysed and strengths of linkswith ENSO, SAM and SouthernOcean overturning in each sectorcalculated.Performance Measure Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2005-06Use of these outputs bymanagement agencies.Successful scientistrecruitment program.Review of available ecosystemmodels completed; conceptualmodels on key taxa in theAntarctic marine ecosystemdeveloped.Framework for developingAntarctic marine ecosystemmodels established; submittedto SC-CAMLR to assist indevelopment of ecologicallysustainable krill managementprocedures.BROKE-West expedition surveyedmore than 1 million squarekilometres of the Southern Ocean,gathering data on krill populationsand physical oceanographicproperties.Developed krill population modelbased on empirical measurementsfor the southwest Atlantic, and aconceptual model for large-scalesea ice algal distribution.A large international programinvolving ACE CRC scientistsexamined the impact of anomalousatmospheric circulation on sea iceand associated biota in the WestAntarctic Peninsula region. Thisshowed the importance of extremeevents on ice conditions and icedynamics, and the devastatingimpact such conditions may haveon local breeding success.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 81

performance measures2.3 To ensure recognition of oceanic carbon sinks and their impacts, to contribute to the effectivemanagement of carbon dioxide emissions.Performance Measure Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2005-06Consideration of oceancarbon sinks in carbonmanagement plans andagreements.Research projectsinitiated.Co-authorship of globalcompilation of oceanicinventory of anthropogenic CO 2published in Science (Sabineet al., 2004) raised profile ofocean’s role in moderatingatmospheric greenhouse gasbuild-up.Demonstrated that climate modelsmust include both physical andbiological aspects of sea ice gasdynamics to correctly simulateatmospheric carbon budgets.Demonstrated that elevatedphytoplankton biomass overKerguelen plateau is fuelled byiron inputs from deep waters; thusthis region represents an area ofnatural persistent iron fertilisationthat can inform debate aboutthe role of iron in the control ofatmospheric CO 2.Simulation of ocean acidificationthrough the end of this centurysuggests major impacts oncarbonate-shell forming organisms,and that the greatest effectsare likely to occur in Antarcticwaters; emphasises direct effectof anthropogenic CO 2on marineecosystem.2.4 To provide observations essential to the consideration of climate change and variability in economicand environmental planning.Performance Measures Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2005-061. Improved assessmentsof climate variabilityand change, and2. Increased referenceto this informationby economic andenvironmental researchusers.Research projectsinitiated.Published revised estimatesof sea-level rise for 1950 to2000 and new assessmentof warming of the SouthernOcean and associated thermalexpansion.Discovered new evidence ofthe connection between midlatitudeatmospheric circulationanomalies and physicaland ecological impacts inAntarctica.Completed several simulationsdemonstrating importance oflinks between Southern Oceanand global circulation andpotential responses of oceancirculation to climate change.Showed that volcanic eruptionshave a significant impact on oceanheat content and steric sea leveland that 20 th century eruptionsmasked sea-level rise that wouldotherwise have been present.Showed that the rate of sea-levelrise has increased during the 20 thcentury and provided the firstcomprehensive estimate of the rateof sea-level rise during the latterhalf of the 20 th century for Pacificand Indian Ocean islands.Comparison of new measurementswith historical data confirm that thebottom water south of Australia isundergoing rapid and widespreadchange, suggesting both thenorthern and southern limbs ofthe global overturning circulationare responding to changes in highlatitude climate.82 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

performance measuresObjective 3: Enhance the value to Australia of graduate researchers3.1 To become a major training centre for climate, marine, and ecosystem science.Performance Measure Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2005-06Increased recognitionof Hobart as a topeducational centre inthese areas.First intake of ACE CRCpostgraduate studentsand awarding of ACE CRCscholarships.41 PhD and 9 Masters studentsassociated with ACE CRC.6 PhD students underexamination; 4 studentsawarded PhDs; 2 receivedMasters.59 PhD and 8 Masters studentsassociated with ACE CRC.8 PhD and 2 Masters studentsunder examination; 6 studentsawarded PhDs; 1 received Masters.3.2 To deliver students with interdisciplinary skills useful to the climate, marine, and ecosystemresearch and research user communities.Performance Measure Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2005-06Successful placementof students within thesecommunities.Seven of 11 (63%)completing postgraduatestudents took upemployment withindustry/research usinggroups.3 completing postgraduatestudents took up employmentwith industry/research usergroups.4 students who completed theirPhDs took up employment withindustry/research user groups.Objective 4: Enhance collaboration among researchers, between researchers andindustry or other users, and to improve efficiency in the use of intellectual and otherresearch resources4.1 To undertake interdisciplinary research which is larger in scope than the interests of individualparticipants.Performance Measures Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2004-05Number of projectsinvolving multipleparticipants.Degree to whichparticipants view theresearch as larger thanthe sum of its parts.15 of 22 (68%) researchprojects involved multipleparticipants across morethan one discipline.ACE CRC researchers wereinvolved in 42 national and69 international collaborativeprojects.4.2 To undertake research of direct value to research users.ACE CRC researchers were involvedin 43 national and 82 internationalcollaborative projects involving 17countries.Performance Measures Achievements 2003-04 Achievements 2004-05 Achievements 2004-05Number and successof projects involvingresearch users in theirdesign and completion.Development of ResearchUsers’ Forum proposal.Conducted Research Users’Forum for governmentagencies.Involved research usersin commercialisation plandevelopment.Conducted 2 nd Research Users’Forum for government agencies.Involved research users in ACE CRCAnnual Symposium.Conducted stakeholders’ workshopon extreme sea levels to help inresearch design.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 83

communication strategyThe ACE CRC Communication Strategy was developed early in 2004 to provide a framework for bothinternal and external communication activities. The first year of communications activity established thefoundation, including the necessary processes and frameworks, for effective communication. The secondyear continued to build on this foundation to achieve the stated goals and resulted in an increasedcommitment and support for communications initiatives from program leaders and other research staff.Communication GoalsThe major goals as outlined in theCommunication Strategy are:1. To promote a sense of community andcommon purpose among researchersinvolved in the ACE CRC, strengthening staffand student commitment to the organisationand fostering collaborative work amongparticipants.2. To develop and maintain effectivemultidirectional communication among allstaff and students within the ACE CRC,enabling the flow of knowledge aboutresearch and other activities between andacross programs and people.3. To promote awareness of the work of the ACECRC among partner organisations and helppartners gain value from their involvementwith ACE CRC and benefit from ACE CRCresearch.4. To promote awareness among keystakeholders of the ACE CRC and its role,achievements and value to Australia.5. To attract high quality students to the ACECRC postgraduate education program.6. To strengthen links between the ACE CRCand other relevant national and internationalresearch and development initiatives,including those in the private sector.7. To ensure that ACE CRC research contributesto evidence-based decision-making by local,state and federal government in the realmsof Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, global andregional climate changes and their impacts.8. To encourage private industry in Australiato use ACE CRC research in planning for theimpacts of climate change.9. To increase awareness and understandingamong the Australian community aboutAntarctica, the Southern Ocean and climatechange.10. To promote the CRC Programme and itsobjectives.Approaches to CommunicationTo address the above goals, the followingapproaches were identified in the CommunicationStrategy:• The web site will be a core means ofcommunication with staff, students and otherkey stakeholders.• Communication tools and frameworks willbe available to help staff and studentscommunicate their work effectively.• Personal contact will be used whereverpossible, especially when interacting withsenior decision-makers, and strong personalrelationships with key stakeholders willbe established and maintained by seniormembers of the ACE CRC.• Multidirectional knowledge flow within theACE CRC will be encouraged through useof e-mail lists, newsletters, web pages,workshops, forums and meetings.• Publications will be developed on current andemerging research/issues that are tailored tothe specific needs of the target audience.• The ACE CRC will work collaborativelywith other Partner organisations via theCommunications Advisory Committee tomaximise communication opportunities.• ACE CRC will monitor the environment (viamedia scanning, personal contact, networksand so on) and respond to emerging issuesas appropriate.• Redundancy will be used in all communicationtactics to reach stakeholders (that is, reachstakeholders using a variety of mediums,repeating messages as often as possible).• The media will be used to reach a broadrange of stakeholders and raise awareness ofthe CRC and its work.84 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

communication strategyCommunication Activities in2005-06During the past year, we expanded our focuson liaison with end-users of our research. Inaddition to conducting the second ResearchUsers’ Forum for government agencies inCanberra, we held a local stakeholders’ workshopon sea-level rise and extreme events in Hobart.This workshop provided interested parties fromstate and local government with informationon climate change, sea-level rise and sea-levelextremes relevant to the Australian coastline,and gathered information from stakeholdersabout the way they would like to get statisticalinformation about sea-level extremes. Theworkshop was supported by the TasmanianDepartment of Primary Industries and Water.We also involved research users in our annualACE CRC Symposium. The first day of thesymposium centred on the question ‘Climatechange: What will happen to the ocean andwhat will be the impacts?’ ACE CRC researchersshared their latest research findings, andrepresentatives from the Australian GreenhouseOffice, the Bureau of Meteorology, DPIW, ACILTasman and the Insurance Australia Group (IAG)informed us about their particular researchneeds.More emphasis was put on public outreachefforts in 2005-06. ACE CRC researchers gavemore than 50 talks to general or non-scientistaudiences. Audiences included the generalpublic, politicians, teachers, and primary andsecondary school students. These talks aredetailed in Appendix B.Among the public outreach programs, wecollaborated with the CSIRO Discovery Centrein Canberra in a thematic program on ‘TheSouthern Ocean: Linking Antarctica andAustralia’. ACE CRC scientist Will Howard gavea public lecture on global climate change thatwas attended by more than 75 people. Thefollowing day, we conducted a related handsonprofessional development workshop for anadditional 21 teachers.Five ACE CRC people gave presentations duringthe Antarctic Midwinter Festival in Hobart in mid-June. Tony Worby and Guy Williams spoke aboutsea ice during a public luncheon at Hadley’sHotel, Vin Morgan and Shavawn Donoghuetalked about their perspectives of Antarcticaat the ‘Ice Cold Words’ literary event and JuliaJabour participated in a panel discussion, also at‘Ice Cold Words’.The website continued to attract an increasingnumber of visitors. The website use statisticsshowed an average of 1,633 unique visitors permonth during 2005-06, compared to an averageof 806 per month in 2004-05. The website hasbeen improved by the addition of more detailedinformation about the ACE CRC research,as well as links to national and internationalcollaborative projects.Media coverage was maintained and included theparticipation of a John Hunter from the Sea-levelRise Program in a television special on globalclimate change co-produced by the BBC and theDiscovery Channel in the United States. A list ofmedia contacts is included in Appendix C.ACE CRC publications included 63 articles inrefereed journals, 3 books, 10 book chapters,4 conference articles, 29 published conferenceabstracts, 2 technical reports and 14 otherpapers. (Appendix E)ACE CRC researchers also gave 82 nationaland 94 international presentations at scientificconferences, seminars or workshops. (AppendixA)Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 85

specified personnelSpecified personnel as of 30 June 2006Title and Name Role in CRC ContributingOrganisationTime CRC(0.0 - 1.00)Prof Bruce Mapstone Chief Executive Officer ACE CRC 1.00Dr Stephen Rintoul CVC Program Leader CMAR 0.36Dr Andrew Constable AME Program Leader AAD 0.80Dr Thomas Trull CO2 Program Leader / Deputy CEO CMAR/UTAS 1.00Dr John Church SLR Program Leader CMAR 0.64Assoc Prof Marcus Haward Policy Program Leader UTAS 0.50Prof Andrew McMinn Education Program Leader UTAS 0.50Ms Christie Le GoyManager - CommercialDevelopmentDED 1.00Ms Vicki Randell Business Manager ACE CRC 1.00Dr Sandra Zicus(see below)Communications Manager ACE CRC 0.92Changes during 2005-06AppointmentsDr Sandra Zicus, Communications Manager – Commenced appointment 1 August 200586 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix a: scientific presentationsNational scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationAllison IAllison IAn emerging vision of theInternational Polar Year 2007-2008Research initiatives developing withinthe International Polar Year 2007-2008Oral Royal Society of Tasmania Hobart, TASOralAustralian Antarctic DivisionseminarHobart, TASBindoff N Observational evidence for the Oral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASchanging state of the oceansBindoff N Modelling the Southern Ocean Oral CLIVAR Working GroupOcean Model Development,Modelling the Southern OceanHobart, TASChurch JChurch JChurch JWhite NArblaster JConstable ACourt JWarner RCurran MVolcanic eruptions: Their impacts onsea level and oceanic heat contentThe changing ocean: Implications forthe futureOral andposterOralACE CRC SymposiumIndian Ocean ClimateInitiative SymposiumHobart, TASPerth, WA20 th century sea-level rise Oral Greenhouse 2005 Conference Melbourne,VICBioregionalisation of the SouthernOceanComputer simulation of the MertzGlacier tongueIce core records from Amery IceShelfOralACE CRC Workshop onbioregionalisation of theSouthern Ocean (AAD)Hobart, TASPoster ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASWorkshop Amery Workshop Hobart, TASCurran M Sea ice proxy records in ice cores Workshop East Antarctic Hobart, TASGriffiths B Primary production in the SouthernOcean: Comparison betweenestimates from the Behrenfeld-Falkowski VGPM model andmeasurementsOral Informal CSIRO presentation Hobart, TASHaward MHall RAustralia’s influence in the ATS Workshop Australia’s Antarctic AgendaWorkshopHaward M Australian Antarctic science Workshop Australia’s Antarctic AgendaWorkshopHaward MHall RKellow AAustralian Antarctic policy Workshop Australia’s Antarctic AgendaWorkshopHobart, TASHobart, TASHobart, TASHaward M Policy Program update Oral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASHaward MSandford RHeil PHirst AHirst AHoward WHoward WCracks in thin ice: The science policygapSea-ice drift & floe-size distributionduring Ice Station POLarstern[ISPOL]CSIRO MK3.5 model: simulations andevaluationCSIRO MK3.5 model: simulations andevaluationHistory and future of the carboncycleHistory and future of the carboncycleOralACE CRC Research UsersForumCanberraACTOral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASOralOralCSIRO CLIMATE AnnualMeetingDepartmental Seminar,Monash UniversitySydney,NSWMelbourne,VICOral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASOralACE CRC Research Users’ForumCanberra,ACTAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 87

appendix a: scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationHoward WMoy AGeological insights into carboncyclingPoster Greenhouse 2005 Melbourne,VICJabour J Cold fusion: Teaching in Malaysia Oral Teaching Matters, UTAS Hobart, TASLugten G Fishing (book chapter underWorkshop Australia’s Antarctic Agenda Hobart, TASpreparation)WorkshopMarsland S Antarctic coastal polynya response toclimate changeOral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASMassom RBioregionalisation of the SouthernOcean: Sea iceOralBioregionalisation of theSouthern OceanMassom R Recent sea ice results Workshop Ecological change in EastAntarctica workshopMassom RMcInnes KMcInnes KMcInnes KPositive and negative impacts ofextreme sea ice conditions onthe ecology of the West AntarcticPeninsula region, 2001/2Storm surges and climate changealong the Victorian coastThe effect of climate change onstorm surges along the easternVictorian coastlineExtreme event impacts from warmeroceansAAD,Kingston,TASAAD,Kingston,TASPoster ACE CRC workshop Hobart, TASOralAustralian Meteorologicaland Oceanographical SocietyConferenceOral Coast to Coast, 2006ConferenceOralACE CRC Research Users’ForumNewcastle,NSWMelbourne,VictoriaCanberra,ACTMcInnes K Storm surges and climate change Seminar Geoscience Australia Canberra,ACTMcGregor J Antarctic simulations using CCAM Oral ACE CRC workshop onAntarctic AccumulationHobart, TASMcGregor JMongin MMongin MMongin MMoy AHoward WGagan MSamson CMoy ARecent CCAM simulations and panevaporationImpact of elevated Fe dust input inthe Southern OceanWhat’s behind a complexbiogeochemical modelParticulate organic matterdistribution during the BROKE- WestsurveyThe effects of surface and deepwatercarbonate chemistry onplanktonic foraminiferal isotopiccomposition at the South TasmanRiseLate Pleistocene palaeoceanographicand geochemical evolution of theSouth Tasman RiseOralCSIRO CLIMATE AnnualMeetingSydney,NSWPoster ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASOralCSIRO OceanographicseminarHobart, TASOral BROKE-West Workshop KingstonTASPoster ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASSeminar IASOS seminar Hobart, TASNicol S BROKE-West Oral AAD seminar Kingston,TASNicol S BROKE-West Oral ACE CRC seminar Hobart, TASO’Farrell, S Comparison of ocean warming at900m in models and observationsOral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TAS88 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix a: scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationPhipps SPhipps SPhipps SPhipps SPhipps SPhipps SRoberts JBindoff NPhipps SRoberts JBindoff NRaymond BRaymond BHindell MWorby AWilliams GMeiners KHosie GAdams NWoehler ERaymond BMeiners KWilliams GMassom RNicol SAn efficient and portable climatesystem model for studying past,present and future climateAn efficient and portable climatesystem model for studying past,present and future climateThe CSIRO Mk3L climate systemmodelThe CSIRO Mk3L climate systemmodelA climate system model for studyingpast, present and future climateA coupled climate system model forlong-term climate studiesA coupled climate system model forlong-term climate studiesA bioregionalisation of the SouthernOcean: Why, how, and with what?OralWorkshop On Earth SystemModels Of IntermediateComplexityMelbourne,VICSeminar iVEC seminar Perth, WASeminar CSIRO seminar Melbourne,VICWorkshopARC Research Networkfor Earth System ScienceworkshopSydney,NSWSeminar ACE CRC seminar Hobart, TASPoster ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASPoster APAC ‘05 Gold Coast,QLDSeminar AAD seminar Kingston,TASEcological change in East Antarctica Poster Ecological change in EastAntarctica workshopA conceptual model of the large-scaledistribution of sea ice algae off EastAntarctica during the autumn-wintertransitionKingston,TASPoster ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASReid P Antarctic snow accumulation Oral ACE SLR Antarctic IceHobart, TASAccumulation workshopReid P Sea ice analysis Oral Weather Research Meeting Melbourne,VICReid P A view of my early research career Oral IASOS Seminar Series Hobart, TASReid P Nurturing young scientists Oral CRCA Annual Conference Brisbane,QLDRintoul S Overview of CVC achievements Oral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASRintoul S Ocean climate change Oral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASRintoul S Marine climate impacts Oral Wealth from Oceans MarineImpacts workshopHobart, TASRintoul SRintoul SChanges in the Southern Ocean:Nature or Nurture?Climate change and the SouthernOceanOralPlenarytalkACE CRC Research Users’ForumAustralian Earth SciencesConventionHobart, TASMelbourne,VICAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 89

appendix a: scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationRoberts JHeil PBindoff NMatear RHirst THunter JMarsland SAustralian Community Climate Model Oral APAC ’05 Gold Coast,QLDRoberts J OASIS coupler Oral APAC Coupled ModellingWorkshopThost DAllison IAutomatic weather station burial as aproxy for mass balance, from sites inEast AntarcticaCanberra,ACTPoster ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASTilbrook B Ocean biogeochemical cycling Oral Wealth from OceansWorkshopMelbourne,VICTrull T Ocean control of CO 2Oral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASTrull T Effects of natural iron Fertilisation on Oral CMAR Informal Oceanography Hobart, TASthe Southern OceanSeminar Seriesvan OmmenTvan OmmenTWake BBowie AButler EHaddad PClimate past, present & future: Anintroduction to ACE-CRC climatehistory researchOral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASAntarctic Ice: Why should we care? Oral ACE Research Users’ Forum Canberra,ACTSelenium species distribution on ameridional transect of the SouthernOceanPoster13th Annual RACI Research& Development TopicsConferenceWarner R 20 th Century Antarctic Accumulation Oral ACE CRC SLR Workshop onAntarctic accumulationWarner RWilliams MWhite NChurch JAntarctica’s subglacial waters – isfrazil ice a vital factor?A 20 th century increase in the rateof sea-level rise: A challenge forcoastal managersMount Eliza,VICHobart, TASOral ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASOral Coast to Coast 2006 Melbourne,VICWilliams G Autosub-Under-Greenland fast ice Poster/ ACE CRC SymposiumHobart, TASOralWilliams G Heard Island oceanography Poster ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASWilliams G ISW production from Mertz Glacier Poster ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASWilliams G Summertime mixed layerPoster ACE CRC Symposium Hobart, TASdevelopment in East AntarcticaWilliams G Southern Ocean climate change Oral Ecosystem Regime Shift Hobart, TASWorkshopWilliams G Preliminary mixed layer results fromBROKE-WestOral 1 st BROKE-West Workshop Hobart, TASWright SJeffrey SWright Svan denEnden RCurrent knowledge of pigments asbiomarkersPhytoplankton biomassmeasurements using pigmentmarkersOralTasmanian phytoplanktongroupHobart, TASOral BROKE-West workshop Hobart, TAS90 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix a: scientific presentationsInternational scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationAdams NAdams NContinued developments innumerical weather prediction andweather forecasting in support ofthe Australian Antarctic program.The Casey Automatic WeatherStation (AWS) Network.Allison I The International Polar year 2007-08Allison I Ice on Earth: the cryosphere andclimateAllison IAllison IAllison IChurch JWhite NArblaster JDomingues CChurch JWhite NWijffels SWillis JChurch JChurch JSea ice processes and their role inthe global climate systemClimate variability and change insub-polar and polar regionsMeteorological and climate studiesin the International Polar Year2007-08A 20th century increase in the rateof sea-level rise and the impact ofvolcanic eruptions on sea levelEstimating ocean steric sea-levelrise (and ocean heat content) fromsparse ocean data setsClimate variability and change:Implications for sustainabledevelopmentPotentially dangerous sea-levelrise: A research needs exampleOralOralThe Antarctic MeteorologicalObservation, Modeling, andForecasting WorkshopThe Antarctic MeteorologicalObservation, Modeling, andForecasting Workshop.Boulder,ColoradoUSABoulder,ColoradoUSA,Oral ICSU General Assembly SuzhouCHINAOralInternational SummerSchool on the ClimateSystem and Climate ChangeBeijingCHINAOral as above BeijingCHINAOral as above BeijingCHINAOral as above BeijingCHINAOralOralOralOral15 years of Progress inRadar Altimetry SymposiumSecond Argo ScienceWorkshopUnited Nations Conventionon Sustainable Development14; Side Event on TheScience of Climate Changeand its ImpactUNFCC SBSTA-24 Sideevent on Climate changeresearch achievements andchallengesChurch J Key climate change research gaps Oral UNFCC SBSTA-24 Sideevent on Climate changeresearch achievements andchallengesChurch JConstable AConstable AWorld Climate ResearchProgrammeImplementing plausible ecosystemmodels for the Southern Ocean:An ecosystem, productivity, ocean,climate (EPOC) modelInternational implementation of theecosystem approach to achieve theconservation of Antarctic marineliving resourcesOralOral/workshopOral/paperSBSTA 24 UNFCCC SpecialSide Event on ResearchNeeds of the ConventionCCAMLR Working Group onEcosystem Monitoring andManagementUnited Nations InformalConsultative Process on Lawof the SeaVenice ITALYVenice ITALYNew YorkUSABonnGERMANYBonnGERMANYBonnGERMANYYokohamaJAPANNew YorkUSACurran M Sea ice proxy records in ice cores Seminar Uni of Copenhagen CopenhagenDENMARKAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 91

appendix a: scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationCurran M Sea ice proxy records in ice cores Seminar AWI BremerhavenGERMANYCurran M Sea ice proxy records in ice cores Seminar BAS CambridgeUKCurran M Ice cores and climate Seminar Uni College Dublin Dublin,IRELANDEtheridge DMacFarlingMeure CLangenfelds RTrudinger CSteele PAllison CFerretti DSmith ALassey KLowe Dvan Ommen TFrancey RFraser PGriffiths BHarris JHaward MJabour JWoehler EChanges in concentrations of CO 2,CH 4and N 2O over the past 2000years and their causesPhotosynthetic parameters, sizefractionatedchlorophyll andprimary production during theKEOPS ExpeditionSelecting high seas marineprotected areas in the SouthernOceanPoster Greenhouse 2005 Melbourne,VICAUSTRALIAPosterAGU-ALSO-TOS OceanSciences meetingHonolulu, HIUSAPoster SCAR Biology Symposium CuritibaBRAZILHeil P Australian contributions to IPAB Workshop IPAB workshop Dunedin NZHeil P AFINL Australian Fast-Ice Network Workshop IPY2007 workshop Dunedin NZHeil PSea-ice drift and deformation Oral IGS conference Dunedin NZduring ARISE 2003.Heil PAntarctic sea-ice velocity asevidenced by passive-microwavedata.Oral IGS conference Dunedin, NZHill KRintoul SHirst AHoward WEast Australian Current changesand impactsCoupled modelling at CSIRO andBMRCEffects of climate change onbiodiversity in the Southern OceanOralOralOralHunter J Changes of extreme sea levels inAustralia associated with sea-levelriseOralHunter J Tides and tidal observations TraininglectureHunter J Climate change and sea-level rise TraininglectureHunter JHunter JInternational Oceanographic andClimate ProgrammesThe effect of climate change onthe frequency of extreme sea-leveleventsTraininglecturePosterInternational Association forthe Physical Sciences of theOcean (IAPSO)CLIVAR/WCRP WorkingGroup on Coupled ModellingmeetingAustralia-GermanyWorkshop on BiodiversityCoastal and Self SeasconferenceGLOSS Training CourseGLOSS Training CourseGLOSS Training CourseUnderstanding Sea-LevelRise and Variability (WCRPworkshop)Cairns, QLDAUSTRALIAExeter UKCanberra,ACTAUSTRALIABangor,North WalesUKTokyo JAPANTokyo JAPANTokyo JAPANParis FRANCE92 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix a: scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationHunter JChurch JWhite NKawaguchi SLambeck KMarsland SChurch JBindoff NWilliams GMarsland SMarsland SMarsland SChurch JBindoff NWilliams GMassom RMassom RMassom RMassom RWorby AYoung NHyland GMcInnes KMacadam IHubbert GAbbs DBathols JMcMinn AMeiners KCommunicating key indicators forsea levelLearning about Antarctic krill fromthe fisheryPalaeo- and 20 th century sea-levelvariationsAntarctic coastal polynya responseto climate changeAntarctic coastal polynya responseto climate changeOcean and sea ice studies at theAntarctic Climate & EcosystemsCooperative Research CentreAntarctic coastal polynyas in achanging climateARISE (Antarctic Remote SensingIce Experiment) in the East:Validation of satellite sea-ice dataproductsValidation of sea ice thicknesscalculated from AVHRR data in anAntarctic coastal polynyaExtreme sea ice conditions in theAntarctic Peninsula region, theirimpact and possible links with thedisintegration of the Larsen B IceShelfARISE (Antarctic Remote IceSensing Experiment) in the East:2003: Validation of satellite sea-icedata productsStorm surges and climate changein eastern Victoria, AustraliaEffect of climate change on polarprimary productionA conceptual model of the largescaledistribution of sea ice algaeoff East Antarctica during theautumn-winter transitionPosterKeynoteWorkshopOral/posterSeminarSeminarOralPosterOralOralOralPosterUnderstanding Sea-LevelRise and Variability (WCRPworkshop)SCAR International BiologySymposiumUnderstanding Sea-LevelRise and Variability (WCRPworkshop)3 rd International Conferenceon the Oceanography of theRoss SeaVisiting Scientist Seminar,Max Planck Institute forMeteorologySeminar des FachbereichsKlimawissenschenDynamic Planet Meeting2005IGS InternationalSymposium on Sea IceIGS InternationalSymposium on Sea IceInternational Workshop onAntarctic Peninsula ClimateVariability: Observations,Models, and Plans for theInternational Polar YearInternational GlaciologicalSociety Symposium on SeaIceWorld Climate ResearchProgram workshop on sealevel riseParis FRANCECuritibaBRAZILParis FRANCEVenice ITALYHamburgGERMANYBremerhavenGERMANYCairns, QLDAUSTRALIADunedin NZDunedin NZBoulder, COUSADunedin NZParis FRANCEOral SCAR Biology CuritibaBRAZILPosterDynamic Planet Meeting2005Cairns, QLDAUSTRALIAMorgan V Australian Ice core drilling Workshop IPICS II BrusselsBELGIUMNichols PNicol SSignature lipids and fatty acids introphic studiesLinkages between krill, ice,circulation and productivity in theSouthern OceanOralOralSouthern Ocean SquidWorkshopDynamic Planet Meeting2005Hobart, TASAUSTRALIACairns, QLDAUSTRALIAAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 93

appendix a: scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationO’Farrell SO’Farrell SO’Farrell SO’Farrell SPhipps SRoberts JBindoff NPhipps SRoberts JBindoff NRintoul SRintoul SRintoul SRintoul SRintoul SRintoul SRintoul SSandford RSandford RSandford RComparison of ocean warming at900m in models and observationsSea ice changes in ice cores: Whatdoes it say for Southern Ocean andAustralian climate?Climate variability of sea ice in theAustralian Southern Ocean sectorSea level variability in control andtransient simulations with theCSIRO Mk3.5 model.Multi-millennial simulations of theclimate of the late HoloceneMulti-millennial simulations of theclimate of the late HoloceneFreshening of Antarctic BottomWaterThe Antarctic Circumpolar Current,Climate and Marine LifeThe role of the Ross Sea in theglobal ocean circulation andclimateThe global influence of theSouthern Ocean overturningcirculationWhat can inadequate observationstell us about incomplete models?Climate of Antarctica and theSouthern Ocean (CASO)The global influence of theSouthern Ocean circulationAustralia, Antarctica and theSouthern Ocean: Aspects of theScience and Politics of ClimateChangeOpportunities for collaboration withACE CRC, Policy Program, in theintegration of climate science andpublic policyOpportunities for collaboration withACE CRC Policy Program in theintegration of climate science andpublic policyInformalposterInformalposterCLIVAR SO panel meetingon climate variabilityCLIVAR SO panel meetingon climate variabilityCambridgeUKCambridgeUKOral IGS Symposium on Sea ice Dunedin NZPosterWCRP workshop onunderstanding sea level riseand variabilityParis FRANCEOral EGU General Assembly 2006 ViennaAUSTRIAPosterHOLIVAR 2006 OpenScience MeetingLondon UKOral IAPSO Cairns, QLDAUSTRALIAOral(invited)Oral(invited)Oral(invited)Oral(invited)OralOral(invited)SeminarSeminarSeminarIAPSO3 rd International Ross SeaConferenceGeorg Wüst lecture, MaxPlanck InstitutSouthern Ocean DynamicsWorkshop, WorkingGroup on Ocean ModelDevelopmentSCAR/SCOR Expert Groupon Oceanography8 th International Conferenceon Southern HemisphereMeteorology andOceanographyJoint Program on theScience and Policy of GlobalChange, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology(MIT)School of Engineering, TuftsUniversityUniversity of NewHampshireSmith B The Australian Ice Core Program Oral Laboratoroire de Glaciologieet Géophysique del’Environnment (LGGE),Cairns, QLDAUSTRALIAVenice ITALYHamburgGERMANYHobart, TASAUSTRALIAVenice ITALYFoz doIguaçuBRAZILCambridgeMA USACambridge,MA USADurham, NHUSAGrenobleFRANCE94 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix a: scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationSohrin YLai XNorisuye KMikata MMinami TBowie ASokolov SRintoul SSpatial and temporal distributionof Fe, Ni, Cu and Pb along 140E inthe Southern Ocean in 2001/2002austral summerSouthern Ocean FrontsPosterOral(invited)13th AGU/ASLO/ERF/TOSOcean Sciences MeetingIAPSOHonolulu, HIUSACairns, QLDAUSTRALIATilbrook B Australian Carbon Cycle research Oral IOCCP Meeting Boulder, COUSATilbrook BTrull TUnderway ocean carbonmeasurementsParticle sinking rates determinedin-situOral IOCCP Meeting Boulder, COUSAOral VERTIGO workshop Honolulu, HIUSATrull T Novel sediment trap designs Oral SCOR Working Group 116 Honolulu, HITrull T Sediment trap hydrodynamics Oral SCOR Working Group 116 Woods Hole,MA USATrull T In situ particle settling rates Oral AGU/ASLO/ERF/TOS OceanSciences meetingUssher SBowie AAchterberg EWorsfold PUssher SBowie AAchterberg EWorsfold PWake BBowie AButler EHaddad PWilliams GMarsland SJacobs SHunter JBindoff NWarner RWarner RWilliams MWarner RWilliams MWarner RWorby AWorby AIron distributions and speciationalong the Atlantic MeridionalTransect (AMT)Evidence for natural ironfertilization in the Atlantic OceanSelenium speciation in theSouthern Ocean south of AustraliaMertz Glacier ice shelf waterproductionReassessing the input-output massbudget of East Antarctica between50°E and 140°EAntarctic ice shelf processes: rifts,broad scale flow and basal meltingA frazil ice model for embeddingwithin three-dimensional oceancirculation modelsA frazil ice model for embeddingwithin three-dimensional oceancirculation modelsSurface albedo of the Antarctic seaice zoneRegional and seasonal variability inAntarctic sea ice thicknessPosterOralPosterOral/posterPoster13th AGU/ASLO/ERF/TOSOcean Sciences MeetingSET For Britain:Presentations on Bioscienceby Britain’s Top YoungerResearchers at the House ofCommons13th AGU/ASLO/ERF/TOSOcean Sciences Meeting3 rd International Conferenceon the Oceanography of theRoss SeaWCRP Workshop:Understanding sea-level riseand variabilityHonolulu, HIUSAHonolulu, HIUSALondon, UKHonolulu, HIUSAVenice ITALYParis FRANCESeminar LEGOS Toulouse,FRANCEOralOralOralPosterDynamic Planet Meeting2005International GlaciologicalSociety Symposium on SeaIceInternational GlaciologicalSociety Symposium on SeaIceInternational GlaciologicalSociety Symposium on SeaIceCairns, QLD,AUSTALIADunedin NZDunedin NZDunedin NZAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 95

appendix a: scientific presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event LocationWorby AHeil PWorby AWorby AWorby AWorby AChanges in floe size distributionobserved during early summer inthe western Weddell SeaEvolution of the ice thicknessdistribution downstream ofthe Mertz Glacier polynyaas determined from EMmeasurementsIn situ measurements of the directcurrent conductivity of Antarcticsea ice: Implications for airborneelectromagnetic sounding of seaice thicknessThermodynamic evolutionof summer first year sea iceproperties in the Western WeddellSea and implications for biologicalactivity and air-ice-sea gasexchangesA four year data set of sea icethickness and mass balance for theSouthern OceanOralOralPosterOralOralWorby A Sea ice thickness data setsavailable for cetacean research inthe Southern OceanOralWorby A Climate change in the polar regions InvitedkeynoteWorby AWorby AWright SHiggins HBoucher CChanges in floe size distributionobserved during the ISPOL driftingice stationOn the use of operational iceproducts for research applicationsChemtax analysis of pigment data:New developmentsOralOralOralInternational GlaciologicalSociety Symposium on SeaIceInternational GlaciologicalSociety Symposium on SeaIceInternational GlaciologicalSociety Symposium on SeaIceInternational GlaciologicalSociety Symposium on SeaIceInternational GlaciologicalSociety Symposium on SeaIceWorkshop on cetaceanabundance and distributionin the Southern OceanFulbright Academy ofScience and TechnologySymposiumIce Station POLarstern(ISPOL) WorkshopInternational Ice ChartingWorking GroupSCOR/UNESCO pigmentworkshopDunedin NZDunedin NZDunedin NZDunedin NZDunedin NZNorfolk, VAUSABerlinGERMANYTvärminneFINLANDOttawa,OntarioCANADAMONACO96 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix b: public presentationsPublic (non-scientist audience) presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event or Audience LocationAllison I The Antarctic ice sheet and sea ice Oral QANTAS Antarctic sightseeingflightBindoff N BROKE-West Oral, school Sandy Bay Infant SchoolvisitAntarcticaSandy Bay,TASCraven M Antarctic glaciology Seminar University of 3 rd Age Kingston, TASAMISOR – double dipping Seminar ANARE Expeditioners2005-06AuroraAustralisCurran M Ice cores and climate Seminar Midwinter Festival Hobart, TASIce cores and climate Seminar Unimutual (ACE CRC) Hobart, TASHeil P Science & life in Antarctica School visit Kingston Primary Kingston, TASPhysical sciences in Antarctica Oral Public event Margate, TASHoward W Climate history: Lessons from themudOralAntarctic MidwinterFestivalHobart, TASClimate history: Lessons from themudGlobal climate: past & futureOral Sandy Bay Rotary Club Sandy Bay,TASPublic CSIRO Discovery Centre Canberra, ACTlectureClimate science at ACE CRC Tour Hutchins School, Year 8 Hobart, TASHunter J Ocean waves and the diver Oral Tasmanian Sub Aqua Club Hobart, TASScience in society: Climate change- a scientist’s personal journeySea-level change and impacts on thecoastal zoneSea-level change and impacts on thecoastal zoneOralYear 10 environmentalscience and physics highschool studentsUniversity ofTasmania,Hobart, TASOral Public LauderdalePublic Hall,TASOralCoastal, Estuarine andMarine Stakeholders’ForumWhy is Antarctica cold, dry and icy? Oral Tourist voyage to the RossSea (Quark Expeditions)Lights in the sky Oral Tourist voyage to the RossSea (Quark Expeditions)The sea on which we sail (I) Oral Tourist voyage to the RossSea (Quark Expeditions)The sea on which we sail (II) Oral Tourist voyage to the RossSea (Quark Expeditions)B15A and the Drygalski Ice Tongue Oral Tourist voyage to the RossSea (Quark Expeditions)Monitoring for sea-level change Oral Coastal & MarineCommunity ForumClimate change and sea-level rise Oral West Tamar SchoolsProject Research ForumLaunceston,TasmaniaIcebreakerKapitanKhlebnikovIcebreakerKapitanKhlebnikovIcebreakerKapitanKhlebnikovIcebreakerKapitanKhlebnikovIcebreakerKapitanKhlebnikovWoodbridgeMarineDiscoveryCentre, TASExeter HighSchool, TASClimate change and sea-level rise Oral Kingston Rotary Club Margate, TASWorkshop on sea-level extremes:Setting the sceneOralACE CRC StakeholderConsultation WorkshopHobart, TASAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 97

appendix b: public presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event or Audience LocationJabour J Teaching in Malaysia Oral IASOS Seminar Series Hobart, TASAntarctic tourism Oral Glenorchy School forSeniorsTranslating climate changeinformationOralPrimary IndustryConsultative CommitteeGlenorchy,TASHobart, TASAn Antarctic researcher Oral University Foundation Hobart, TASTourism to subantarctic MacquarieIsland and East Antarctica fromHobart – A scoping studyOral Tasmanian Polar Network Hobart, TASThe truth about whaling Oral Orion Expedition Cruises MV Orion,SouthernOceanIllegal fishing in the Southern Ocean Oral Orion Expedition Cruises MV Orion,SouthernOceanThe Antarctic Treaty System Oral Orion Expedition Cruises MV Orion,SouthernOceanLake Vostok drilling program Oral Orion Expedition Cruises MV Orion,SouthernOceanOrion Expedition Cruises Oral International Associationof Antarctica TourOperatorsWashingtonDC, USAAntarctic research Oral Claremont Probus Claremont,TASAntarctic impressionsPanelparticipationLugten G Southern Ocean sustainability PubliclectureMapstone B Climate change: roles of physics in Oraladdressing the issuesMcInnes K Climate change: evidence,Oralprojections & responsesClimate change and the coast:evidence, projections & responsesOralAntarctic MidwinterFestival ‘Ice Cold Words’KDU CollegeAustralian Institute ofPhysics – media breakfastGeneral Meeting ofAssociation of BaysideMunicipalitiesPublic presentation hostedby Kingston City CouncilHobart, TASKuala Lumpur,MALAYSIACanberra, ACTMelbourne,VICMelbourne,VICMorgan V Antarctic impressions Oral Antarctic Midwinter Hobart, TASFestival ‘Ice Cold Words’Pedro J AMISOR project work School visit Back to School Day WalpolePrimarySchool, WARintoul S The oceans and climate change School visit Friends Schoolyear 4 classCareers in oceanography and climate School visit Careers Day Friends SchoolscienceContribute to Southern Ocean display Museum TasmanianMuseum andArt GallerySmith B Why we study ice cores Oral Year 8 Hutchins scienceclass visit to ACE CRCHobart, TAS98 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix b: public presentationsStaff name Title or topic Type Event or Audience Locationvan OmmenTWilliams GWorby AIt’s not cricket: Understanding thedebate over the ‘hockey stick’ climatereconstructionA climate of concern: The view fromthe pastClimate change, Antarctic scienceand different career paths to workingin AntarcticaOralAustralian GreenhouseOfficeCanberra, ACTOral University of the Third Age Hobart, TASSchool visitPrimary School CareersDaySub-sea-ice oceanography with AUVs Oral Antarctic MidwinterFestivalAntarctic sea ice in the climatesystemOralAntarctic MidwinterFestivalMt Faulkner(NorthChigwell)PrimarySchool, TASHobart, TASHobart, TASZicus SHoward WClimate change and ocean circulationTeacherworkshopPrimary & secondaryteachersCSIRODiscovery Ctr,Canberra, ACTAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 99

appendix c: media interviewsMedia interviewsName Media Outlet(s) Subject DateAllison IABC TV (Hobart & National),Sydney Morning HeraldABC Radio National,‘Australia Talks Back’International Council ofScience (ICSU) pressconference, CHINAIce thickness changes in Antarctic Oct 2005Arctic sea ice decline Oct 2005ICSU-wide issues, including the InternationalPolar YearOct 2005Sydney Daily Telegraph Iceberg calving and ice sheet mass balance April 2006Armand L The Mercury Marie Curie fellowship Oct 2005Bindoff N ABC TV Evening News Tracking devices on seals to collect oceanographic Sept 2005dataABC Science On-line Antarctic Circumpolar Current Sept 2005ABC TV BROKE-West departure and voyage Jan 2006The Mercury, The Age Return of BROKE-West Mar 2006Craven M ABC TV, The Australian, TheMercury, Southern Cross TV,WINDeparture of Aurora Australis; hot water icedrilling projectSept 2005Haward M The Age Commentary on increasing interest in Antarctic April 2006research from countries such as ChinaABC local radio(Queensland), ABC driveradio (Canberra)Mining in Antarctica May 2006SBS radio Antarctic Treaty and mining in Antarctica May 2006Hindell M ABC TV Hobart Tracking devices on seals to collect oceanographic Sept 2005dataHoward W Edge Radio Climate change Sept 2005Hunter JListener – The Thingsthat Matter (New Zealandmagazine)Climate change and sea-level rise in Tuvalu Aug 2005BBC Natural History Unit, Port Arthur sea-level measurementsRadio 4 (UK)BBC TV – Program on Port Arthur and sea-level rise Feb 2006climate changeInner City Courier (Sydney) Sea level change in Sydney April 2006BBC Radio News Sea level rise in the Carteret Islands April 2006Nature Sea-level rise at Tuvalu April 2006Super InteressanteSea-level rise at Tuvalu May 2006(Brazilian science magazine)BBC Television Shoreline erosion May 2006Jabour J EMBO Reports (USA) Bioprospecting July 2005NPR (National Public Radio, Bioprospecting: live 15 minute radio interview July 2005Washington) ‘Science Friday’King R Asia Pacific TV Live krill in Antarctica Mar 2006Matear R ABC TV Hobart Changes in methane over geologic time Oct 2005100 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix c: media interviewsName Media Outlet(s) Subject DateMcInnes K ABC Radio Gippsland Climate change and extreme sea levels along the Sept 2005Gippsland reportChannel 10 1 hour documentary ‘The Heat is On’ Nov 2005ABC Radio GippslandClimate change and its relevance to farmers andfishermen along the Gippsland coastApril 2006The Sunday AgeArticle by Peter Weekes: ‘Is this our gift to futuregenerations? A drowned city? It could well beunless we all take immediate action.’May 2006McMinn A ABC Bush Telegraph Antarctica as cold desert Mar 2006Meiners K Edge Radio Life in ice Oct 2005Mongin M Radio France BROKE-West voyage Jan 2006Nicol S6PR Radio Breakfast Show BROKE-West voyage Feb 2006(Perth)The Mercury, The Age, ABC Return of BROKE-West Mar 2006OnlineCanberra TimesComparison of climate change in Antarctic region April 2006to ArcticPedro JWA Dept of Education media AMISOR work and school visit Mar 2006releaseABC Great SouthernAMISOR work and school visit Mar 2006Morning Program (WA)Edge Radio (UTAS) Working in Antarctica & Antarctic climate June 2006Rintoul S Yachting World Southern Ocean currents Jan 2006Sydney Daily Telegraph Iceberg calving and ice sheet mass balance April 2006New Scientist Southern Ocean’s role in global ocean circulation April 2006Tilbrook B ABC TV (National) Southern Surveyor voyage & carbon cycling in Mar 2006the oceanTrull TABC TV (Hobart & National),Sydney Morning HeraldOcean acidification by anthropogenic CO 2Oct 2005ABC TV (National), ABCRadio (Hobart)Southern Surveyor voyage & carbon uptake inthe oceanMar 2006van Ommen T ABC Bush Telegraph Antarctica as cold desert Mar 2006Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 101

appendix d: honours & awardsHonours & awardsStaff name Honour or award Reason for receiving DatereceivedBowie AUniversity of Tasmania, Facultyof Science, Engineering andTechnology: Research ExcellenceAward (2006)Award presented to the ACROSS(Chemistry) New Generation ResearchGroup as recognition of theiroutstanding research achievements asearly-career scientistsMarch 2006Lambeck KElection to French Academy ofJune 2005ScienceMcMinn A DSc – University of Tasmania Outstanding contribution to science December2005Phipps SRintoul SRoberts J, Heil Pand othersACE CRC Earth SystemsModelling Travel FellowshipElected to Australian Academyof ScienceAwarded to an ACE CRC student toattend an overseas conference ofinternational standingMarch 2006May 2006APAC award Best technical paper September2006102 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix e: publicationsPublicationsRefereed journalsAdams N (2005) Identifying the characteristics of strong southerly wind events at Casey Station in EastAntarctica using a numerical weather prediction system. Monthly Weather Review 131: 3548-3561.Alonzo F, Virtue P, Nicol S and Nichols P (2005) Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill, II. Lipidcomposition of Euphausia superba Dana in relation to phytoplankton abundance, and transfer ofdietary signatures through secondary trophic levels. Marine Ecology Progress Series 296: 62-79.Alonzo F, Virtue P, Nicol S and Nichols P (2005) Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill, III. Lipidcomposition of Euphausia superba Dana in relation to diet changes: effect of incubation time andphytoplankton abundance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 296: 81-91.Aoki S, Rintoul S, Ushio S, Watanabe S and Bindoff N (2005) Freshening of the Adélie Land BottomWater near 140°E. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L23601, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024246.Bertler N, Mayewski P, Aristarain A, Barrett P, Becagli S, Bernardo R, Bo S, Xiao C, Curran M, QinD, Dixon D, Ferron F, Fischer H, Frey M, Frezzotti M, Fundel F, Genthon C, Gragnani R, HamiltonG, Handley M, Hong S, Isaksson E, Kang J, Ren J, Kamiyama K, Kanamori S, Kärkäs E, Karlöf L,Kaspari S, Kreutz K, Kurbatov A, Meyerson E, Ming Y, Zhang M, Motoyama H, Mulvaney R, OerterH, Osterberg E, Proposito M, Pyne A, Ruth U, Simões J, Smith B, Sneed S, Teinilä K, Traufetter F,Udisti R, Virkkula A, Watanabe O, Williamson B, Winther J-G, Li Y, Wolff E, Li Z and Zielinski A (2005published 2006) Snow chemistry across Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology 41: 167-179.Bombardieri D, Duldig M, Michael K and Humble J (2006) Relativistic proton production during the 14July 2000 solar event: The case for multiple source mechanisms. Astrophysical Journal, 644: 565-574.Bowie A, Achterberg E, Ussher S and Worsfold P (2005) Design of an automated flow injection- chemiluminescence instrument incorporating a miniature photomultiplier tube for monitoringpicomolar concentrations of iron in seawater. Journal of Automated Methods and Management inChemistry, 2: 37-43.Bowie A, Achterberg E, Croot P, de Baar H, Laan P, Moffett J, Ussher S, and Worsfold P (2006) Acommunity-wide intercomparison exercise for the determination of dissolved iron in seawater. MarineChemistry, 98: 81-99.Brandt R, Warren S, Worby A and Grenfell T (2005) Surface albedo of the Antarctic sea ice zone. Journalof Climate 18: 3606-3622.Buesseler K, Benitez-Nelson C, Moran S, Burd A, Charette M, Cochran J, Coppola L, Fisher N, Fowler S,Gardner W, Guo L, Gustafsson Ö, Lamborg C, Masque P, Miquel J C, Passow U, Santschi P, Savoye N,Stewart G, and Trull T (2006) An assessment of particulate organic carbon to thorium-234 ratios inthe ocean and their impact on the application of 234Th as a POC flux proxy. Marine Chemistry, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2005.10.013.Buma A, Wright S, van den Enden R, van de Poll W, Davidson A (2006) PAR acclimation and UVBRinduced DNA damage in Antarctic marine microalgae. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 315: 33-42Cardinal D, Alleman L, Dehairs F, Savoye N, Trull T, and André L (2005) Relevance of silicon isotopes toSi-nutrient utilization and Si-source assessment in Antarctic Waters. Global Biogeochemical Cycles19, doi: 10.1029/2004GB002364.Candy S and Kawaguchi S (2006) Modelling Growth of Antarctic Krill. II. Novel approach to describingthe growth trajectory. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 306: 17-30.Church J, White N and Arblaster J (2005) Significant decadal-scale impact of volcanic eruptions on sealevel and ocean heat control. Nature 348: 74.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 103

appendix e: publicationsChurch, J and White N (2006) A 20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise. Geophysical ResearchLetters 33, L01602, doi:10.1029/2005GL024826.Collings A, Williams R, Young N and Hyland G (2006) A semi-automated line tracing technique formonitoring ice margins in Antarctic images. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27 (2): 433-448.Constable A (2005) A possible framework in which to consider plausible models of the Antarctic marineecosystem for evaluating krill management procedures. CCAMLR Science 12: 99-117.Corno G, McMinn A, Sturrock G, Parr R, Tindale N, Porter L, Gillett R, Fraser P, Derek N, Reeves C andPenkett S (2005) A preliminary investigation of the phytoplankton ecology and marine biogenic gasproduction near Cape Grim, Tasmania. Baseline 2001-2002, 8-14.Craven M, Carsey F, Behar A, Matthews J, Brand R, Elcheikh A, Hall S, and Treverrow A (2006) Boreholeimagery of meteoric and marine ice layers in the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. Journal ofGlaciology 51 (172): 75-84.Craven M, Carsey F and Nicol S (2006) Short Note: Ice krill under the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica.Antarctic Science 18 (1): 81-82, doi:10.1017/S0954102006000071.Deckert R and Michael K (2006) Lensing effect on underwater levels of ultraviolet radiation. Journal ofGeophysical Research, 111: C05014, doi:10.1029/2005JC003332.Ferretti D, Miller J, White J, Etheridge D, Lassey K, Lowe D, MacFarling Meure C, Dreier M, Trudinger C,van Ommen T and Langenfelds R (2005) Unexpected changes to the global methane budget over thepast 200 years. Science 309: 1714-1717.Glazewski J and Haward M (2005) Towards integrated coastal area management: A case study incooperative governance in South Africa and Australia. International Journal of Marine and CoastalLaw 20 (1): 65-84.Greenslade D, Schulz E, Kepert J and Warren G (2006) The impact of the assimilation of scatterometerwinds on surface wind and wave forecasts. Journal of Atmospheric and Ocean Science 10 (3): 261-287, doi:10.1080/17417530600784976.Haward M, Dobell R, Charles A, Foster E, and Potts, T (2003 published 2005) Fisheries and oceansgovernance in Australia and Canada: From sectoral management to integration. Dalhousie LawJournal 26 (1): 5-45.Hegerl C and Bindoff N (2005) Warming the world’s oceans. Science 309: 254-255. 8 July 2005.Hodgson D, Roberts D, McMinn A, Verleyen E, Terry B, Corbett C and Vyverman W (2006) Recent rapidsalinity rise in 3 East Antarctic lakes. Journal of Paleolimnology, doi: 10.1007/s10933-006-9010-0.Hutchings J, Heil P and Hibler III W (2005) On modelling linear kinematic features in sea ice. MonthlyWeather Review, 133 (12): 2481-3497.Hutchinson J, Zakaria P, Bowie A, Macka M, Avdalovic N and Haddad P (2005) Latex-coated polymericmonolithic ion-exchange stationary phases. I. Anion-exchange capillary electrochromatography andin-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. Analytical Chemistry 77: 407-416.Jabour J (2006) High latitude diplomacy: Australia’s Antarctic extended continental shelf. Marine Policy30 (2): 197-198.Kawaguchi S, Candy S, Nicol S, Taki K, and Naganobu M (2005) Analysis of trends in Japanese krillfishery CPUE data, and its possible use as a krill abundance index. CCAMLR Sci.12: 1-28.Kawaguchi S, Candy S, King R, Naganobu M, and Nicol S (2006) Modelling Growth of Antarctic Krill. I.Growth trends with sex, length, season, and region. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 306: 1-15.Kawaguchi S, Kasamatsu N, Watanabe S, and Nicol S (2005) Sea ice changes inferred frommethanesulphonic acid (MSA) variation in East Antarctic ice cores: Are krill responsible? AntarcticScience 17 (2): 211–212.104 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix e: publicationsKing A and Howard W (2005) δ 18 O seasonality of planktonic foraminifera from Southern Oceansediment traps: Latitudinal gradients and implications for paleoclimate reconstructions. MarineMicropaleontology 56 (1-2): 1-24.Lambeck K, Purcell A (2005) Sea-level change in the Mediterranean Sea since the LGM: Modelpredictions for tectonically stable areas. Quaternary Science Reviews 24: 1969-1988.Landais A, Barnola J, Kawamura K, Caillon N, Delmotte M, van Ommen T, Dreyfus G, Jouzel J, Masson-Delmotte V, Minster B, Freitag J, Leuenberger M, Schwander J, Huber C, Etheridge D and Morgan V(2006) Firn-air δ15N in modern polar sites and glacial-interglacial ice: a model-data mismatch duringglacial periods in Antarctica? Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 49-62.Laybourn-Parry J, Madan N, Marshall W, Marchant H and Wright S (2006) Carbon dynamics in an ultraoligotrophicepishelf lake (Beaver Lake, Antarctica) in summer. Freshwater Biology 51: 1116-1130.Lugten G and Jabour J (2006) Law in the twilight zones: Applying the environmental laws from theAntarctic Treaty’s Madrid Protocol to outer space. Antarctic and Southern Ocean Law and PolicyOccasional Papers, 69: 66-88.Mayewski P, Frezzotti M, Bertler N, van Ommen T, Hamilton G, Jacka T, Welch B, Frey M, Qin D, Ren J,Simões J, Fily M, Oerter H, Nishio F, Isaksson E, Mulvaney R, Holmund P, Lipenkov V and Goodwin I(2005 published 2006) The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE): an overview.Annals of Glaciology 41: 180-185.Mayewski P, Maasch K, Yan Y, Kang S, Meyerson E, Sneed S, Kaspari S, Dixon D, Osterberg E, Morgan V,van Ommen T and Curran M (2005 published 2006) Solar forcing of the polar atmosphere. Annals ofGlaciology 41: 147-154.McMinn A, Harawake T, Hamoke H, Hattori H and Fukuchi M (2005) Contribution of benthic microalgaeto ice covered coastal ecosystems in northern Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of the Marine BiologicalAssociation of the United Kingdom 85: 283-289.McMinn A, Pankowski A and Delfatti T (2005) Effect of Hyperoxia on the growth and photosynthesis ofpolar sea ice algae. Journal of Phycology 41: 732-741.McMinn A, Salleh S, Wan Ab. Llah W, Mohammad M, Md. Sidik Merican F, Wan Omar W, Samad F, CheahW, Idris I, Sim Y, Wong W, Tan S and Yasin Z (2005) Quantum yield of the marine benthic microfloraof near-shore coastal Penang, Malaysia. Marine and Freshwater Research 56: 1047-1053.McMinn A and Hegseth E (2006) Sea ice Primary productivity in the northern Barents Sea. Polar Biologydoi:10.1007/s00300-006-0182-x.Nguyen N, Coleman R, King, M, and Morgan, P (2005) Comparison of GPS results from differentprocessing of ambiguity parameters - A case study in the Amery Ice Shelf region, East Antarctica.International Journal of Geoinformatics 1: 3, September 2005, 7pp.Nicol S (2006) Krill, currents and sea ice: the life cycle of Euphausia superba in relation to its changingenvironment. Bioscience 56(2): 111-120.Nuñez M, Davidson A, Michael K (2006) Modelled effects of ambient solar UVB radiation on naturalAntarctic microbial communities. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 42: 75-90.Phleger C, Nelson M, Groce A, Cary C, Coyne K, Nichols P (2005) Lipid composition of deep-seahydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila, crabs Munidopsis subsquamosa and Bythograeathermydron, mussels Bathymodiolus sp. and limpets Lepetodrilus spp. Comparative Biochemistry andPhysiology B 141: 196-210.Phleger C, Nelson M, Groce A, Cary S, Coyne K, Gibson J, Nichols P (2005) Lipid, Fatty Acid and SterolComposition of the Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent Polychaete Annelids - Alvinella pompejana, A.caudata, Paralvinella grasslei and Hesiolyra bergii. Deep Sea Research I 52: 2333-2352.Potts T and Haward M (2006) International trade, eco-labelling and sustainable fisheries – recentissues, concepts and practices. Environment, Development & Sustainability.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 105

appendix e: publicationsRalph P, McMinn A, Ryan K and Ashworth C (2005) Effect of salinity and temperature on thephotokinetics of brine channel algae. Journal of Phycology 41: 763-769.Rayfuse R, Haward M, Rose G, Bache S, Russell D, and McDorman T (2003 published 2005) Australiaand Canada in regional fisheries organizations: Implementing the United Nations Fish StocksAgreement. Dalhousie Law Journal 26, 1: 47-83.Roberts J, Heil P, Murray R, Holloway D and Bindoff N (2006) Pole relocation for an orthogonal grid: Ananalytic method. Ocean Modelling 12: 16-31Schneider D, Steig E and van Ommen T. (2005 published 2006) High-resolution ice-core stable-isotopicrecords from Antarctica: towards interannual climate reconstruction. Annals of Glaciology 41: 147-154.Sedwick P, Church T, Bowie A, Marsay C, Ussher S, Achilles K, Lethaby P, Johnson R and McGillicuddyD (2005) Iron in the Sargasso Sea during summer: Aeolian imprint, small-scale spatiotemporalvariability, and ecological implications. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19: GB4006, doi:10.1029/2004GB002445.Sikes E, Samson C, and Howard W (2005) Deglacial paleoceanographic history of the Bay of Plenty, NewZealand. Paleoceanography 20(PA4017).Smetacek V and Nicol S (2005) Polar ocean ecosystems in a changing world. Nature 437: 362-368.Sokolov, S, Rintoul S and Wienecke B (2006) Tracking the Polar Front south of New Zealand usingpenguin dive data. Deep-Sea Research I, 53: 591-607.Sparrenbom C, Bennike O, Bjorck S, Lambeck, K (2006) Relative sea-level changes since 15000 cal. YrBP in the Nanortalik area, southern Greenland. Journal of Quaternary Science 21: 29-48.Thomson P, McMinn A, Kiessling I, Watson M and Goldsworthy P (2006) Composition and succession ofdinoflagellates and chrysophytes in the upper fast ice of Davis Station, East Antarctica. Polar Biology29: 337-345.Truswell E, Quilty P, McMinn A, MacPhail M and Wheller G (2005) Late Miocene vegetation andpalaeoenvironments of the Drygalski Formation, Heard Island, Indian Ocean: evidence frompalynology. Antarctic Science 17: 427-442.Watson C, Tregoning P, Coleman R (2006) The impact of solid Earth tide models on GPS time seriesanalysis. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L08306, doi: 10.1029/2005GL025538.Whitehead J, Ehrmann W, Harwood D, Hillenbrand C-D, Quilty P, Hart C, Taviani M, Thorn V and McMinnA (2006) Late Miocene paleoenvironment of the Lambert Graben embayment, East Antarctica,evidence from mollusc paleontology, sedimentology and geochemistry. Global and Planetary Change50: 127-147.Zemmelink H, Houghton L, Dacey J, Worby A and Liss W (2005) Emission of dimethylsulfide fromWeddell Sea leads. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L23610, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024242.BooksJeffrey S, Mantoura R, and Wright S (eds.) (2005 reprinted, with new annex) Phytoplankton pigments inoceanography: Guidelines to modern methods. UNESCO, Paris, 667 pp.Lubin D and Massom R (2005) Polar Remote Sensing, Volume 1 – Atmosphere and Oceans. SpringerPraxis Publishing, Chichester (UK) and Berlin (Germany), 756 pp.Massom R and Lubin D (2006) Polar Remote Sensing, Volume II: Ice Sheets. Springer Praxis Publishing,Chichester, (UK) and Berlin (Germany), 426 pp.106 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix e: publicationsBook chaptersAnzidei M, Benini A, Lambeck K, Antonioli F, Esposito A, Surce L (2005) Siti archeologici costieri dietà romano come indicitori della variazioni del livello del mare: un’applicazione al mare Tirreno(Italia centrale). In: de Maria L and Turchetti R (Eds) Evolución Palaeoambiental de Los Puertos yFondeaderos Antiguos en el Mediterráneo Occidental. Rubbetino, Rome, pp 115-126.Davidson, A (2006) Effects of ultraviolet radiation on microalgal growth, survival and production. In:Subba Rao D (Ed) Algal Cultures, Analogues of Blooms and Applications. Science Publishers Inc., NewHampshire, USA. Vol. 2, pp 715 -767.Haward M and McCall T (2005) Tasmania. In Mortgage Nation: The 2004 Election, edited by M. Simsand John Warhurst, Perth, API Network/Curtin University of Technology: 225-233.Hodgson D, Doran P, Roberts D and McMinn A (2005) 14. Paleolimnological studies from the Antarcticand Subantarctic Islands. In: Pienitz R, Douglas M and Smol J (Eds) Long-term EnvironmentalChange in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes. Springer, Netherlands, 419-474.Jeffrey S and Wright S (2005) New advances, 1997-2005. In: Jeffrey S, Mantoura R, and Wright S (Eds)Phytoplankton pigments in oceanography: Guidelines to modern methods. Second edition. UNESCO,Paris, pp. 639-644.Jeffrey S and Wright S (2006) Photosynthetic Pigments in Marine Microalgae. In: Subba Rao D (Ed)Algal Cultures, Analogues of Blooms and Applications. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA, Vol.1,33–90.McMinn A (2005) Antarctic ecology and geomorphology. In: Schwartz M (Ed) Encyclopedia of CoastalScience. Springer, The Netherlands, 28-33.Thost D and Allison I (2006). The climate of Heard Island. In: Green K & Woehler E (Eds), Heard Island:Southern Ocean Sentinel. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, pp. 52-68.Nicol S, Worby A, Strutton P and Trull T (2006) Oceanographic influences on Antarctic ecosystems:Observations and insights from East Antarctica (0° – 150°E). In: Robinson A & Brink K (Eds) TheSea, Vol 14B, The Global Coastal Ocean: Interdisciplinary Regional Studies and Syntheses, TheCoasts of Africa, Europe, Middle East, Oceania and Polar Regions, Chapter 37, Harvard UniversityPress.Wright S, Jeffrey, S (2006) Pigment markers for phytoplankton production. In: Volkman J (Ed) MarineOrganic Matter: Biomarkers, isotopes and DNA. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 71-104.Published conference articlesBache S and Lugten G (2005) Prosecuting fishery law breaches – the roughy end of compliance. InShotton R, (ed) Deep Sea 2003: Conference on the Governance and Management of Deep-SeaFisheries, Part 1 Conference Reports, FAO Fisheries Proceedings No 3/1 Rome FAO:354-366.Jabour Green J (2005) Bioprospecting in the high seas. In Shotton R (Ed) Deep Sea 2003: Conferenceon the Governance and Management of Deep-sea Fisheries. Queenstown, New Zealand, 1-5December 2003. FAO Fisheries Proceedings, 3/2 Conference Workshop Papers, Rome, FAO (2005)448-455Malcolm D and McInnes K (2006) The effect of climate change on storm surges along the easternVictorian coastline. In proceedings: Coast to Coast conference 2006, 4pp.Shotton R and Haward M (2005) Requirements for managing deep-seas fisheries. In Shotton R, (ed)Deep Sea 2003: Conference on the Governance and Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries , Part 1Conference Reports, FAO Fisheries Proceedings No 3/1 Rome FAO: 661-684.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 107

appendix e: publicationsPublished conference abstractsAllison, I., Beland, M. and Carlson, C. (2005) Sea ice research within the International Polar Year2007-2008. International Glaciological Society International Symposium on Sea Ice, Dunedin NZ,December 2005Allison I, Hunter J, Craven M. (2005) Spatial and seasonal variability of ice-ocean interaction beneaththe Amery Ice Shelf. Conference Program & Abstract Book: Dynamic Planet 2005, Cairns, Australia,August 2005. p. 82 (no. 79)Brévière E, Poisson A, Tilbrook B, Metzl N, Lenton A, Schauer B, Pretty M and Brunet C (2005) Largetemporal air-sea CO 2flux variations in the Southern Ocean, South of Australia. Seventh InternationalCarbon Dioxide Conference abstract, September 2005, Boulder, CO, USA.Buesseler K, Bishop J, Boyd P, Casciotti K, Dehairs F, Lamborg C, Siegel D, Silver M, Steinberg D, SaitoS, Trull T, Valdes J, and Van Mooy B (2006) What we know from VERTIGO. ASLO-TOS-AGU OceanSciences meeting abstract, OS22H-02.Casciotti K, Dehairs F, and Trull T (2006) Nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate from contrasting sitesin the Pacific. ASLO-TOS-AGU Ocean Sciences meeting abstract, OS26A-08.Cosca C, Feely R, Tilbrook B, Quay P, Wisegarver D, Wolfe C, Juranek L (2006) First underway fCO 2observations from the VOS container ship Columbus Waikato in the tropical and subtropical Pacific.ASLO-TOS-AGU Ocean Sciences meeting abstract, OS34J-03, February 2006, Honolulu, HI, USA.Delille B, Schoemann V, Lancelot C, Lannuzel D , De Jong J, Tilbrook B, Delille D, Borges A and TisonJ-L, (2005) What controls pCO2 dynamics in Antarctic sea ice and related air-ice CO 2fluxes?International Glaciological Society Symposium on Sea Ice abstract, December 2005, Dunedin, NewZealand.DiFiore P, Sigman D, Trull T, Lourey M, and Karsh K (2006) Nutrient supply and uptake in theSubantarctic mixed layer: Constraints from the isotopes of nitrate. ASLO-TOS-AGU Ocean Sciencesmeeting abstract, OS24G-01.Ebersbach F, Trull T, and Moy C (2006) Sinking particle properties determined from image analysis ofpolyacrylamide gels deployed in drifting sediment traps during KEOPS: Implications for ecosystemcontrols on carbon export in the presence of persistent natural iron inputs. ASLO-TOS-AGU OceanSciences meeting abstract, OS35M-06.Griffiths B, Uitz J (2006) Photosynthetic parameters, size-fractionated chlorophyll and primaryproduction during the KEOPS Expedition east of Kerguelen Island January-February 2005. ASLO-TOS-AGU Ocean Sciences meeting abstract, OS35M-09.Haward M and Potts T (2005) Trade-related measures as tools in the management of deep-sea fisheriesopportunities and problems. In Shotton R, (ed) Deep Sea 2003: Conference on the Governance andManagement of Deep-Sea Fisheries , Part 2 Conference Poster Papers and workshop papers, FAOFisheries Proceedings No 3/2 Rome FAO: 168.Howard W and Moy A (2005) Geological insights into carbon cycling. Proceedings, Greenhouse2005:Action on Climate Change, November 2005, Melbourne, VIC.Howard W (2006) Effects of climate change on biodiversity in the Southern Ocean. Proceedings,Australia-Germany Workshop on Biodiversity, March, 2006, Australian Academy of Science,Canberra, ACT.Lamborg C, Buesseler K, Valdes J, Bishop J, Casciotti K, Trull T, and Pike S (2006) A comparison ofremineralization time and space scales for sinking particles at station ALOHA. ASLO-TOS-AGU OceanSciences meeting abstract, OS23H-02.108 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix e: publicationsMassom R, Stammerjohn S, Scambos T, Adams N, Squire V, Williams T, Simmonds I, Turner J, SmithR, Fraser W, Martinson D, Iannuzzi R, Vernet M, Quetin L, Ross R, Fahnestock M and Pook M (2006)Extreme sea ice conditions in the Antarctic Peninsula region, their impact and possible links with thedisintegration of the Larsen Ice Shelf. Abstracts of the International Workshop on Antarctic PeninsulaClimate Variability: Observations, Models, and Plans for IPY Research.McInnes K, Macadam I, Hubbert G, Abbs D, and Bathols J (2006) Storm surges and climate changein Eastern Victoria. In Climate, water and sustainability: 13th National AMOS Conference [abstractvolume], Newcastle, NSW (Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Publication, no. 21).Park S, Boering K, Etheridge D, Ferretti D, Kim K, Langenfelds R, van Ommen T, Steele P and TrudingerC (2005) Trends in the Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Tropospheric Nitrous Oxide andImplications for the Global Budget. Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract A44B-03.Pike S, Andrews J, Trull T, and Buesseler K (2006) A high resolution study of particle export usingthorium-234 in the N Central Pacific and NW Pacific as part of the VERTIGO project. ASLO-TOS-AGUOcean Sciences meeting abstract, OS26A-07.Sasaki K, Watanabe S, Sagishima K, Rintoul S, Tilbrook B and Fukasawa M (2006) Preliminary resultsof chlorofluorocarbons in Australia Antarctic Basin obtained in 2004/2005 cruises. ASLO-TOS-AGUOcean Sciences meeting abstract, OS45F-10, February 2006, Honolulu, HI, USA.Savoye N, Trull T, Jacquet S, and Dehairs F (2006) 234Th-based export production during the KEOPSnatural iron fertilization. ASLO-TOS-AGU Ocean Sciences meeting abstract, OS33F-04.Sohrin Y, Lai X, Norisuye K, Mikata M, Minami T, Bowie A (2006) Spatial and temporal distribution ofFe, Ni, Cu and Pb along 140E in the Southern Ocean in 2001/2002 austral summer. Eos Trans. AGU,87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS16M-11.Trull T, Buesseler K, Lamborg C, Pike S, Moy C, Bray S, Ebersbach F, and Manganini S (2006) In-situparticle sinking rates and forms at mesopelagic depths from the Sub-tropical and Sub-Arctic Pacific.ASLO-TOS-AGU Ocean Sciences meeting abstract, OS23H-05.Uitz J, Claustre H, Griffiths B, and Ras J (2006): A specific Bio-optical primary production model tunedto the Kerguelen Iron-enriched region. ASLO-TOS-AGU Ocean Sciences meeting abstract, OS35M-07.Ussher S, Bowie A, Achterberg E, Worsfold P (2006) Iron distributions and speciation along the AtlanticMeridional Transect (AMT). Eos Trans. AGU, 87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS35M-18.van Ommen T, Usoskin I, Solanki S, Morgan V, Kromer B, Schüssler M and Beer J (2005) Coherentdecadal to centennial variability in Holocene insolation and Antarctic climate. ESF ResearchConference on Polar Regions and Quaternary Climate: Toward an integrative view of climate inAntarctica and circum-Antarctic regions.Wake B, Bowie A, Butler E, Haddad P (2006) Selenium speciation in the Southern Ocean south ofAustralia. Eos Trans. AGU, 87(36), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS16M-12.Warner R (2006) Reassessing the input-output mass budget of East Antarctica between 50°E and140°E. WCRP Workshop Understanding Sea-level Rise and Variability, Abstract Number P48, PosterAbstract Volume p. 81.Williams M and Warner R (2005) A frazil ice model for embedding within three-dimensional oceancirculation models. Dynamic Planet 2005 ‘Monitoring and Understanding a Dynamic Planet withGeodetic and Oceanographic Tools’ a Joint Assembly of International Associations: IAG, IAPSO andIABO. Abstract number 076, Abstract Volume.Williams M and Warner R (2005) A frazil ice model for embedding within three-dimensional oceancirculation models. IGS Symposium on Sea Ice, Dunedin, New Zealand, Abstract No. 44A107.Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 109

appendix e: publicationsTechnical reportsHeil P, Hutchings JK, Launiainen J, Johansson M, Haas C and Hibler III WD (2005) Ice StationPOLarstern [ISPOL]: Drifting Buoy Data Report, ACE CRC Technical Report, 1, 20 pp., ISBN 1-921197-00-5.Roberts J, Heil P, Phipps S, Bindoff N, Brassington G, Alves O, Hanson L, Schiller A, Fiedler R, Matear R,Church J, Hirst A, O’Farrell S, Bi D, Hunter J, Marsland S, England M, Holbrook N, Adams N, and BuddW (2005) AusCOM: The Australian Climate Ocean Model, 6 pp., ISBN 978-0-9579303-2-2.OtherAckley S and Worby A (2006) Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate Program: The International PolarYear. Ice and Climate News, 7:12.Cainey J, Grose M, McMinn A, Lane C, Parr C, Frazer P, Reeves C and Penkett S (2006) Phytoplanktondynamics and the production of methyl bromide at Cape Grim:2003-2004. Baseline 2003-2004, 81-86.Constable A (2005) Implementing plausible ecosystem models for the Southern Ocean: an ecosystem,productivity, ocean, climate (EPOC) model. Submission to CCAMLR Working Group on EcosystemMonitoring and Management, July 2005. Paper WG-EMM-05/33.Heil P (2005) Improved treatment of ice-ocean interactions enhances climate modelling. AustralianAntarctic Magazine, 9:10.McMinn A (2005) Production in sea ice could fall. Australian Antarctic Magazine 9:11.Morgan V (2005) Solving an ice age mystery with a million year old ice core. Australian AntarcticMagazine, 9:8-9.Morgan V (2006) Records from coastal ice cores. PAGES News, 14, No. 1, 23024.Nicol S, Kawaguchi S, Jarvis T and Pauly T (2005) The BROKE-West acoustic krill biomass survey ofCCAMLR Division 58.4.2. (CCAMLR background paper)Nicol S, Gedamke J, Thiele D, Bindoff N and Williams G (2006) Ecosystem research in the watersoff East Antarctica (30-80°E) during the Austral summer of 2006. IWC- SC/58/E27. (CCAMLRbackground paper)van Ommen, T (2005) A new international programme for Antarctic Climate Research. AustralianAntarctic Magazine, 9:4.van Ommen, T (2005) Climate change: cold, hard facts on a hot topic. Australian Antarctic Magazine,9:2-4.Worby A (2005) Going with the flow. Australian Antarctic Magazine, 9:6-7.Young N (2005) Massive icebergs on the move. Australian Antarctic Magazine, 9:17.110 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix f: acronymsList of AcronymsAADAustralian Antarctic DivisionAASAustralian Academy of ScienceAATAustralian Antarctic TerritoryACAP Agreement for the Conservation of Albatross and Petrel SpeciesACE CRC Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research CentreAGCS Antarctica and the Global Climate SystemAGO Australian Greenhouse OfficeAGUAmerican Geophysical UnionAMEAntarctic Marine Ecosystems Program (ACE CRC)AINSE Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and EngineeringAMSA Australian Marine Sciences AssociationAMTAtlantic Meridional TransectANARE Australian National Antarctic Research ExpeditionsANCAR Australian National Committee for Antarctic ResearchANSTO Australian Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationAntarctic CRC CRC for Antarctica and the Southern OceanANUThe Australian National UniversityAPAC Australian Partnership for Advanced ComputingARAC Antarctic Research Assessment CommitteeASAC Antarctic Science Advisory CommitteeASLO American Society of Limnology and OceanographyASPeCt Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and ClimateATSAntarctic Treaty SystemAusCOM Australian Climate Ocean ModelAUVAutomated Underwater VehicleAWIAlfred Wegener Institute (Germany)BASBritish Antarctic SurveyBMRC Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research CentreBOM Australian Bureau of MeteorologyCARCSIRO Atmospheric ResearchCCAMLR Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living ResourcesCCLR Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (UK)CERES Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy SystemCIGL Centre for International & Global Law (U. Sydney)CliCClimate & Cryosphere ProgramCLIM-OSS Climate - Sezione Analisi Sperimentali ed Osservazioni (Italy)Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 111

appendix f: acronymsCLIVARCMARCNESCO 2CO2CRCCVCDEDDMIPDPIWEDSTOEEZEGUENEAENSOERFFAOFRISPGFDLGOOSIASOSICCEDICRWICSUIGSIOCCPIPCCIPICSClimate Variability & Predictability ProgramCSIRO Marine & Atmospheric ResearchCentre National d’Etudes SpatialesCarbon dioxideOcean Control of Carbon Dioxide Program (ACE CRC)Cooperative Research CentreClimate Variability and Change Program (ACE CRC)Tasmanian Department of Economic DevelopmentData Management and Information Panel (of CliC)Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Water and EnvironmentDefence Science and Technology OrganisationExclusive Economic ZonesEuropean Geosciences UnionEnte per le Nuove Technologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente (Italy)El Niño Southern OscillationEstuarine Research Foundation (USA)Food and Agriculture Organisation (United Nations)Forum for Research into Ice Shelf ProcessesGeophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryGlobal Ocean Observing SystemInstitute for Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies (UTAS)Integrated Analyses of Circumpolar Climate Interactions and Ecosystem Dynamics in theSouthern OceanInternational Convention for the Regulation of WhalingInternational Council of ScienceInternational Glaciological SocietyInternational Ocean Carbon ProgramIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeInternational Partnerships in Ice Core ScienceIPY International Polar Year 2007-2008ISPOLIUUiVECIWCJAMSTECJGOFSJPLIce Station Polarstern (Germany)Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (fishing)Interactive Virtual Environments Centre (Perth, WA)International Whaling CommissionJapan Marine Science and Technology CenterJoint Global Ocean Flux StudyJet Propulsion Laboratory (USA)112 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix f: acronymsKEOPSLEGOSLOSCMPANASANILOSNIPRNIWANOAANSFOASISPOOZPRNAQMSSAMSAZSC-CCAMLRSCARSCORSGISIOSLRSOSOLASSMRUSSGTOSTPACUNCLOSUNESCOUSGSUTASVERTIGOWCRPWMOWOCEKerguelen compared study of Ocean and Plateau in surface watersLaboratoire d’Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales (France)Law of the Sea ConventionMarine Protected AreaNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)Netherlands Institute for Law of the SeaNational Institute of Polar Research (Japan)National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NZ)National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA)National Science Foundation (USA)Ocean Acquisition System for Interdisciplinary SciencePermanent Open Ocean ZoneProgramma Nazionale de Recerche Antartide (Italy)Quantitative Marine Science (UTAS)Southern Annular ModeSubantarctic ZoneScientific Committee of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine LivingResourcesScientific Committee on Antarctic ResearchScientific Committee on Oceanographic ResearchSilicon Graphics InternationalScripps Institution of Oceanography (USA)Sea Level Rise Program (ACE CRC)Southern OceanSurface Ocean Lower Atmosphere StudySea Mammal Research Unit (UK)Scientific Steering GroupThe Oceanographic SocietyTasmanian Partnership for Advanced ComputingUnited Nations Convention on the Law Of the SeaUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUnited States Geological SurveyUniversity of TasmaniaVertical flux in the Global OceanWorld Climate Research ProgrammeWorld Meteorological OrganizationWorld Ocean Circulation ExperimentAntarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 113

appendix g: staff resourcesStaff Name Total % Time AME CO2 CVC POL SLR Rsch Total Educ’n Commerc AdminAustralian Antarctic Division - In-KindI Allison 65% 5% 25% 30% 60% 5%J Anderson 85% 80% 80% 5%I Ball 20% 20% 20%R Brand 85% 40% 40% 80% 5%A Constable 70% 65% 65% 5%M Craven 85% 40% 40% 80% 5%M Curran 85% 10% 70% 80% 5%A Davidson 50% 25% 25% 50%S Donoghue 45% 23% 22% 45%A Drinkell 50% 25% 23% 48% 2%A Elcheikh 40% 20% 20% 40%L Emmerson 1% 1% 1%S Frydman 13% 13% 13%J Gedamke 30% 30% 30%J Gibson 85% 10% 70% 80% 5%P Heil 85% 20% 60% 80% 5%G Hosie 25% 25% 25%G Hyland 85% 40% 40% 80% 5%T Jarvis 15% 15% 15%S Kawaguchi 70% 70% 70%R Leaper 60% 60% 60%V Lytle 9% 2% 7% 9%R Massom 27% 5% 20% 25% 2%V Morgan 85% 70% 10% 80% 5%S Nicol 80% 75% 75% 5%J Pedro 85% 80% 80% 5%D Rasch 55% 25% 25% 50% 5%B Raymond 45% 45% 45%M Richardson 85% 40% 40% 80% 5%G Robertson 3% 3% 3%T Robertson 2% 2% 2%B Smith 85% 40% 40% 80% 5%C Southwell 3% 3% 3%A Steer 25% 7% 18% 25%D Thost 85% 40% 40% 80% 5%T Van Ommen 80% 50% 25% 75% 5%R Warner 85% 20% 60% 80% 5%S Whiteside 50% 50% 50%A Worby 85% 25% 55% 80% 5%S Wright 45% 45% 45%N Young 85% 10% 70% 80% 5%Total 2253% 571% 25% 878% 0% 675% 2149% 0% 104% 0%114 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix g: staff resourcesStaff Name Total % Time AME CO2 CVC POL SLR Rsch Total Educ’n Commerc AdminAustralian Bureau of Meteorology - In-KindN Adams 50% 48% 48% 2%O Alves 10% 10% 10%G Brassington 10% 10% 10%D Greenslade 10% 10% 10%P Reid 100% 95% 95% 5%E Schulz 10% 10% 10%N Smith 5% 5% 5%F Tseitkin 60% 60% 60%Total 255% 0% 0% 248% 0% 0% 248% 0% 7% 0%CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research - In-KindT Hirst 13% 13% 13%I Macadam 13% 13% 13%K McInnes 12% 12% 12%Total 38% 0% 0% 13% 0% 25% 38% 0% 0% 0%CSIRO Division of Marine Research - In-KindN Bindoff 50% 50% 50%E Butler 50% 50% 50%J Church 64% 17% 45% 62% 2%R Coleman 20% 20% 20%B Griffiths 40% 40% 40%R Matear 40% 40% 40%P Nichols 10% 10% 10%J O’Sullivan 5% 5% 5%S Rintoul 36% 35% 35% 1%B Tilbrook 56% 56% 56%T Trull 50% 50% 50%N White 22% 22% 22%Total 443% 10% 241% 102% 0% 87% 440% 0% 3% 0%University of Tasmania - In-KindN Bindoff 50% 32% 10% 42% 3% 5%R Coleman 5% 0% 5%L Forbes 10% 5% 5% 5%R Hall 10% 10% 10%M Haward 50% 25% 25% 15% 10%M Hazlewood 30% 0% 5% 25%M Hindell 6% 1% 1% 5%J Jabour 50% 30% 30% 20%G Jackson 50% 25% 25% 25%A Kellow 10% 10% 10%L Kriwoken 10% 10% 10%G Lugten 15% 15% 15%A McMinn 50% 25% 25% 20% 5%Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 115

appendix g: staff resourcesStaff Name Total % Time AME CO2 CVC POL SLR Rsch Total Educ’n Commerc AdminUniversity of Tasmania - In-Kind (continued)K Michael 50% 25% 25% 25%S Phipps 31% 31% 31%J Roberts 50% 15% 30% 5% 50%T Trull 50% 10% 20% 30% 5% 5% 10%Total 527% 76% 25% 118% 100% 15% 334% 133% 25% 35%Alfred Wegener Institute - In-KindU Bathmann 10% 10% 10%E Fahrbach 25% 25% 25%C Haas 25% 25% 25%R Hermann 8% 8% 8%B Meyer 5% 5% 5%I Runez 16% 16% 16%J Schroter 15% 15% 15%E Schutt / O45% 45% 45%StrothmannM Teschke 25% 25% 25%M Wenzel 70% 70% 70%Total 244% 64% 0% 95% 0% 85% 244% 0% 0% 0%Australian National University - In-KindK Lambeck 15% 15% 15%J Zhao 15% 15% 15%P Tregoning 5% 5% 5%Total 35% 0% 0% 0% 0% 35% 35% 0% 0 0National Institute for Water & Atmospheric Research - In-KindP Boyd 10% 10% 10%H Neil 10% 10% 10%S Nodder 10% 10% 10%M Williams 25% 10% 15% 25%Total 55% 10% 10% 20% 0% 15% 55% 0% 0% 0%Tasmanian Department of Economic Development - In-KindC le Goy 100% 100%Total 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%TOTAL IN-KIND 3950% 731% 301% 1474% 100% 937% 3543% 133% 239% 35%116 Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06

appendix g: staff resourcesStaff Name Total % Time AME CO2 CVC POL SLR Rsch Total Educ’n Commerc AdminUniversity of Tasmania - ACE CRC Cash Funded StaffK Bidwell 85% 0% 85%A Bowie 33% 30% 30% 3%S Bray 100% 95% 95% 5%D Davies 63% 60% 60% 3%W Howard 100% 10% 35% 50% 95% 5%J Hunter 100% 95% 95% 5%B Mapstone 100% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 50% 10% 20% 20%S Marsland 100% 95% 95% 5%R Massom 58% 5% 50% 55% 3%K Meiners 100% 82% 13% 95% 5%M Mongin 100% 95% 95% 5%A Moy 10% 10% 10%C Moy 54% 18% 30% 48% 2% 4%B Pasquer 100% 75% 20% 95% 5%V Randell 100% 0% 10% 90%T Remenyi 42% 40% 40% 2%L Robertson 8% 8% 8%M Rosenberg 100% 25% 70% 95% 5%T Roy 58% 56% 56% 2%R Sandford 71% 68% 68% 3%G Williams 100% 95% 95% 5%S Zicus 92% 0% 5% 2% 85%Total 1674% 277% 502% 305% 78% 118% 1280% 15% 95% 284%CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research - ACE CRC Cash Funded StaffI Macadam 13% 13% 13%K McInnes 15% 15% 15%S O’Farrell 60% 30% 30% 60%Total 88% 0% 0% 30% 0% 58% 88% 0% 0% 0%CSIRO Division of Marine Research - ACE CRC Cash Funded StaffP Nichols 10% 10% 10%M Pretty 55% 55% 55%C Rathbone 15% 15% 15%S Sokolov 72% 72% 72%Total 152% 10% 70% 72% 0% 0% 152% 0% 0% 0%Australian National University - ACE CRC Cash Funded StaffJ Zhao 33% 33% 33%G Estermann 50% 50% 50%Total 83% 0% 0% 0% 0% 83% 83% 0% 0% 0%TOTAL CASH 1997% 287% 572% 407% 78% 259% 1603% 15% 95% 284%TOTAL IN-KIND &CASH5947% 1018% 873% 1881% 178% 1196% 5146% 148% 334% 319%Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems CRC - Annual Report 2005-06 117

Mailing AddressACE CRCPrivate Bag 80Hobart, Tasmania Australia 7001P +61 3 6226 7888F +61 3 6226 2440E enquiries@acecrc.org.auwww.acecrc.org.auCore ParticipantsAustralian Antarctic DivisionAustralian Bureau of MeteorologyCSIRO Marine and Atmospheric ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaSupporting ParticipantsAlfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Germany)Australian Greenhouse OfficeAustralian National UniversityNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (New Zealand)Silicon Graphics InternationalTasmanian Department of Economic Development