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TALIBAN ~ 80Taliban to replace local Governors; they protested the conscription drive !by the Taliban and the sharp rise in taxes, money that was being sent to •Kabul rather than being used for local relief. On 27 January, over 2,000people held an unprecedented anti-Taliban rally in Khost. The droughtand the Taliban's insistence on continued fighting increased public criticism.Smugglers and transporters blamed the Taliban for harbouring BinLaden, which had led to UN sanctions and a cutback in the smuggling jtrade. In late April the Taliban arrested the head of its air force, General jAkthar Mansuri, and ten other officials for helping Ismail Khan escape.There was also increasing hostility from neighboring countries to theTaliban's expanding support to Islamic fundamentalist and terroristmovements. The Taliban were playing host to extremist groups fromfCentral Asia, Iran, Kashmir, China and Pakistan. The Islamic Movementof Uzbekistan (IMU), which in 1999 and again in 2000 launchedabortive offensives against Uzbekistan's regime, has bases in northernAfghanistan. More than one-third of the 15,000-strong Taliban forcethat captured Taloqan was made up of non-Afghans, which included3,000 Pakistani militants, 1,000 fighters from the IMU, and several hundredArabs under Bin Laden, among others.International efforts by the US, Russia and the regional states to coordinateanti-terrorism measures were stepped up. Russia's accusationsagainst the Taliban increased dramatically after Kabul recognised thegovernment of the breakaway Republic of Chechnya and allowed theChechens to open an embassy in Kabul on 16 January 2000. After themilitary coup in Islamabad on 12 October 1999, Pakistan stepped up itssupport to the Taliban, providing increased military for its summer offensivein 2000. Pakistan remained the only country in the world supportingthe Taliban, and countries in the region became more hostile to the militaryregime.Several attempts by the UN and Organisation of the Islamic Conference(OIC) to bring the warring factions to the negotiating table failed.Francesc Vendrell, a Spanish diplomat, was appointed as the new UNSecretary General's Special Representative to Afghanistan on 18 January.In March and again in May, the OIC organised indirect talks between theTaliban and the NA in Jeddah with no outcome. Even as they appearedto be winning control of the entire country, the Taliban remained internationallyisolated and condemned as a pariah movement by all ofAfghanistan's neighbors.Part 2Islam and theTaliban
<strong>NEW</strong> STYLE FUNDAMENTALISM OF THE TALIBAN ~ 836CHALLENGING ISLAM:THE <strong>NEW</strong>-STYLEFUNDAMENTALISM OFTHE TALIBANIslam has always been at the very centre of the lives of ordinary Afgh;people. Whether it is saying one's prayers five times a day, fastingRamadan or giving zakaz - an Islamic contribution to the poor - fiMuslim peoples in the world observe the rituals and the piety of Isl;with such regularity and emotion as the Afghans. Islam has been Ibedrock for the unity of Afghanistan's diverse and multi-ethnic peoplwhile jihad has frequently provided the principle mobilizing factor "Afghan nationalism, during the resistance against the British andRussians.Rich or poor, communist, king or Mujaheddin it makes little difference.^When I met with the ageing ex-King Zahir Shah in Rome in 1988,quietly interrupted the interview so he could go into the next roompray. Communist ministers prayed in their offices. Mujaheddin warriwould break off from fighting to pray. Mullah Omar spends hours onprayer mat, often doing much of his strategic thinking after his pray
Page 1 and 2: YALE NOTA BENE"The broader storyher
Page 3 and 4: TalibanMilitant Islam,Oil and Funda
Page 5 and 6: Vi ~ CONTENTSChapter 8A Vanished Ge
Page 7 and 8: AFGHANISTAN•^ UZBEKISTAN J TAJIKI
Page 9 and 10: 2 ~ TALIBANaccounts for some 40 per
Page 11 and 12: "6 ~ TALIBANgas riches of landlocke
Page 13 and 14: 10 ~ TALIBANgious mix that was to m
Page 15 and 16: Part 1History of theTaliban Movemen
Page 17 and 18: 18 ~ ISLAM OIL AND THE NEW GREAT GA
Page 25 and 26: 34 TALIBANKabul- Hikmetyar had alli
Page 27 and 28: 38 ~ TALIBANrHERAT 1995: GOD'S INVI
Page 29 and 30: 42 ~ TALIBANdo manage to take Kabul
Page 31 and 32: J46 ~ TALIBANgreater weight to UN e
Page 33 and 34: 50 ~ TALIBANas they hung from steel
Page 35 and 36: 54 ~ TALIBANthey would help rearm t
Page 37 and 38: 58 TALIBANGul Mohammed Pahlawan, Gh
Page 39 and 40: 62 TALIBAN2,500 Taliban, who had re
Page 41 and 42: 66 TALIBANshould throw all aid agen
Page 43 and 44: 70 ~ TALIBANyears of battle and hel
Page 45 and 46: 74 ~ TALIBANThousands of Hazaras we
Page 47: 78 TALIBANhas become a plague,' sai
Page 51 and 52: 86 TALIBANsity students - Hikmetyar
Page 53 and 54: 90 TALIBANSharia was heavily influe
Page 55 and 56: 94 TALIBANinflamed the debate in th
Page 57 and 58: 98 TALIBANizing factor of Islam, it
Page 59 and 60: 102 TALIBANadministrations made the
Page 61 and 62: 106 ~ TAUBANfrom working, but it no
Page 63 and 64: TALIBANUniversity, she held down a
Page 65 and 66: 114 TALIBAN A VANISHED GENDER 115Ta
Page 67 and 68: 118 TALIBANUS$1,300 - a small fortu
Page 69 and 70: 122 TALIBANper cent of the total Pa
Page 71 and 72: 126 TALIBANequipment, no electricit
Page 73 and 74: 130 ~ TALIBANfight with the Mujahed
Page 75 and 76: 134TALIBANAugust 1996 noted that Bi
Page 77 and 78: 138 ~ TALIBANwho were using the Kho
Page 79 and 80: 11DICTATORS AND OILBARONS: THE TALI
Page 81 and 82: 146 TALIBAN DICTATORS AND OIL BARON
Page 83 and 84: 150 — TALIBANgrowth of beards and
Page 85 and 86: 154TALIBAN1998 when international o
Page 87 and 88: 158 ~ TALIBANaround Afghanistan? Af
Page 89 and 90: 162 TALIBAN ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 1
Page 91 and 92: 166 TALIBAN ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 1
Page 93 and 94: ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 2: 1997-99 17
Page 95 and 96: 174 — TALIBANnon-Russian pipeline
Page 97 and 98: 178 — TALIBANROMANCING THE TALIBA
Page 99 and 100:
182 ~ TALIBANApril 1999. 'The US ha
Page 101 and 102:
186 ~ TALIBANters or the transport
Page 103 and 104:
190 ~ TALIBANThis Wild West of free
Page 105 and 106:
194 ~ TALIBANgovernance. Pakistani
Page 107 and 108:
198 TALIBAN SHIA VERSUS SUNNI: IRAN
Page 109 and 110:
202 TALIBAN SHIA VERSUS SUNNI: IRAN
Page 111 and 112:
206 — TALIBANin Afghanistan - to
Page 113 and 114:
210 — TALIBANand antagonism. The
Page 115 and 116:
214 ~ TALIBANdrawn since 1996 - a P
Page 117 and 118:
218 ~ TALIBANated and severely puni
Page 119 and 120:
Origins of Members of the Taliban M
Page 121 and 122:
APPENDIX 3 ~ 227Appendix 3A CHRONOL
Page 123 and 124:
230 ~ TALIBANgraves near Shebarghan
Page 125 and 126:
234 ~ TALIBAN8 June. US FBI places
Page 127 and 128:
238 ~ TALIBAN1995 January16 MarchAp
Page 129 and 130:
242 ~ TALIBANJune21 August10 Septem
Page 131 and 132:
246 ~ TALIBANDupree, Nancy Hatch, A
Page 133 and 134:
250 ~ NOTESChapter 31 Interview wit
Page 135 and 136:
254 ~ NOTESmuddin, Religious Police
Page 137 and 138:
258 NOTES13. The Japanese company M
Page 139 and 140:
262 ~ NOTES28. Waxman, Sharon, 'A c
Page 141 and 142:
Abbas, Mulla Mohammed 22,61,100Abda
Page 143 and 144:
INDEX - 270Hazaras (continued)burea
Page 145 and 146:
INDEX ~ 274nF»r\/FaliViar» milita
Page 147:
INDEX ~ 278Talibans (continued)Sunn
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