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CONTENTSFirst published as a Yale Nota Bene book in 2001.Published in the United Kingdom by I. B. Tauris & Co., Ltd., and in theUnited States by Yale University Press.Copyright © 2000 by Ahmed Rashid.All rights reserved.This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations,in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the publicpress), without written permission from the publishers.For information about this and other Yale University Press publications,please contact:U.S. office sales.press@yale.eduEurope office sales.yaleup@co.ukPrinted in the United States of AmericaLibrary of Congress catalog card number: 99-68718ISBN 0-300-08902-3 (pbk.)A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.10 9 8 7 6 5MapsIntroduction: Afghanistan's Holy WarriorsPart 1: History of the Taliban MovementChapter 1Kandahar 1994: The Origins of the TalibanChapter 2Herat 1995: God's Invincible SoldiersChapter 3Kabul 1996: Commander of the FaithfulChapter 4Mazar-e-Sharif 1997: Massacre in the NorthChapter 5Bamiyan 1998-2000: The Never-Ending WarPart 2: Islam and the TalibanChapter 6Challenging Islam: The New-Style Fundamentalismof the TalibanChapter 7Secret Society: The Taliban's Political and MilitaryOrganizationVllxiii117314155678295
Vi ~ CONTENTSChapter 8A Vanished Gender Women, Children and Taliban CultureChapter 9High on Heroin: Drugs and the Taliban EconomyChapter 10Global Jihad: The Arab-Afghans and Osama Bin LadenPart 3: The New Great GameChapter 11Dictators and Oil Barons: The Taliban and Central Asia,Russia, Turkey and IsraelChapter 12Romancing the Taliban 1: The Battle for Pipelines1994-96Chapter 13Romancing the Taliban 2: The Battle for Pipelines1997-99 - The USA and the TalibanChapter 14Master or Victim: Pakistan's Afghan WarChapter 15Shia and Sunni: Iran and Saudi ArabiaChapter 16Conclusion: The Future of AfghanistanAppendicesNotesIndex105117128143157170183196207217248266rPREFACEANDACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis book has been 21 years in the writing - about as long as I havecovered Afghanistan as a reporter. The war in Afghanistan has taken outa good chunk of my life even though as a Pakistani journalist there wasenough going on at home to report on and later there was Central Asiaand the collapse of the Soviet Union to cover.Why Afghanistan? Anyone who has been touched by an Afghan orvisited the country in peace or in war, will understand when I say thecountry and the people are amongst the most extraordinary on earth. TheAfghans have also been affected by one of the greatest tragedies of thiscentury - the longest running civil war in this era which has broughtuntold misery.Their story and their character involve immense contradictions. Brave,magnificent, honourable, generous, hospitable, gracious, handsome,Afghan men and women can also be devious, mean and bloody-minded.Over the centuries, trying to understand the Afghans and their countrywas turned into a fine art and a game of power politics by the Persians,the Mongols, the British, the Soviets and most recently the Pakistanis.But no outsider has ever conquered them or claimed their soul. Only theAfghans could have been capable of keeping two empires - Britain andthe Soviet Union - at bay in this century. But in the last 21 years ofconflict they have paid an enormous price - over 1.5 million dead andthe total destruction of their country.For me, luck has also played a role in my relationship with Afghanistan.Many times I just happened to be at the right place at the right time. Iwatched as army tanks blasted their way into the Kabul palace of Presid'ent Mohammed Daud in 1978, a coup that was to set off Afghanistan's
Page 1 and 2: YALE NOTA BENE"The broader storyher
Page 3: TalibanMilitant Islam,Oil and Funda
Page 7 and 8: AFGHANISTAN•^ UZBEKISTAN J TAJIKI
Page 9 and 10: 2 ~ TALIBANaccounts for some 40 per
Page 11 and 12: "6 ~ TALIBANgas riches of landlocke
Page 13 and 14: 10 ~ TALIBANgious mix that was to m
Page 15 and 16: Part 1History of theTaliban Movemen
Page 17 and 18: 18 ~ ISLAM OIL AND THE NEW GREAT GA
Page 25 and 26: 34 TALIBANKabul- Hikmetyar had alli
Page 27 and 28: 38 ~ TALIBANrHERAT 1995: GOD'S INVI
Page 29 and 30: 42 ~ TALIBANdo manage to take Kabul
Page 31 and 32: J46 ~ TALIBANgreater weight to UN e
Page 33 and 34: 50 ~ TALIBANas they hung from steel
Page 35 and 36: 54 ~ TALIBANthey would help rearm t
Page 37 and 38: 58 TALIBANGul Mohammed Pahlawan, Gh
Page 39 and 40: 62 TALIBAN2,500 Taliban, who had re
Page 41 and 42: 66 TALIBANshould throw all aid agen
Page 43 and 44: 70 ~ TALIBANyears of battle and hel
Page 45 and 46: 74 ~ TALIBANThousands of Hazaras we
Page 47 and 48: 78 TALIBANhas become a plague,' sai
Page 49 and 50: NEW STYLE FUNDAMENTALISM OF THE TAL
Page 51 and 52: 86 TALIBANsity students - Hikmetyar
Page 53 and 54: 90 TALIBANSharia was heavily influe
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94 TALIBANinflamed the debate in th
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98 TALIBANizing factor of Islam, it
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102 TALIBANadministrations made the
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106 ~ TAUBANfrom working, but it no
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TALIBANUniversity, she held down a
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114 TALIBAN A VANISHED GENDER 115Ta
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118 TALIBANUS$1,300 - a small fortu
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122 TALIBANper cent of the total Pa
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126 TALIBANequipment, no electricit
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130 ~ TALIBANfight with the Mujahed
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134TALIBANAugust 1996 noted that Bi
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138 ~ TALIBANwho were using the Kho
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11DICTATORS AND OILBARONS: THE TALI
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146 TALIBAN DICTATORS AND OIL BARON
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150 — TALIBANgrowth of beards and
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154TALIBAN1998 when international o
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158 ~ TALIBANaround Afghanistan? Af
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162 TALIBAN ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 1
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166 TALIBAN ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 1
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ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 2: 1997-99 17
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174 — TALIBANnon-Russian pipeline
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178 — TALIBANROMANCING THE TALIBA
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182 ~ TALIBANApril 1999. 'The US ha
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186 ~ TALIBANters or the transport
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190 ~ TALIBANThis Wild West of free
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194 ~ TALIBANgovernance. Pakistani
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198 TALIBAN SHIA VERSUS SUNNI: IRAN
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202 TALIBAN SHIA VERSUS SUNNI: IRAN
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206 — TALIBANin Afghanistan - to
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210 — TALIBANand antagonism. The
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214 ~ TALIBANdrawn since 1996 - a P
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218 ~ TALIBANated and severely puni
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Origins of Members of the Taliban M
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APPENDIX 3 ~ 227Appendix 3A CHRONOL
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230 ~ TALIBANgraves near Shebarghan
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234 ~ TALIBAN8 June. US FBI places
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238 ~ TALIBAN1995 January16 MarchAp
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242 ~ TALIBANJune21 August10 Septem
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246 ~ TALIBANDupree, Nancy Hatch, A
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250 ~ NOTESChapter 31 Interview wit
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254 ~ NOTESmuddin, Religious Police
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258 NOTES13. The Japanese company M
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262 ~ NOTES28. Waxman, Sharon, 'A c
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Abbas, Mulla Mohammed 22,61,100Abda
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INDEX - 270Hazaras (continued)burea
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INDEX ~ 274nF»r\/FaliViar» milita
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INDEX ~ 278Talibans (continued)Sunn
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