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INDEX ~ 278Talibans (continued)Sunni fundamentalism 205Supreme Court 4see also anti-Taliban alliance; BinLaden; Dostum, General; Mazare-Sharif;Pakistan; Saudi Arabia;United StatesTanai, General Shahnawaz 103,198Tanzania, US embassy bombing 7,75,131,134,136,138-9,181,209TAP Pipelines 167Taraki, President Nur Mohammed 13Tariqah 88Tarinkot (Urozgan province) 23-4Tashkent 77,85Tashkhorgan 62Tazim Nifaz Shariat-i-Mohammedi inBajaur Agency 194Tehran 66, 70see also IranTehrik-i-Tuleba (Movement of Taliban)194Termez60Texas District Court 175Timurids9,38Todor, Robert 161TombofAli57Torkham 128Turabi, Mullah 28Turabi, Nuruddin 17Turkey 1-5,56,58,62, 70, 77,120CARs 152-3Dostum 73,154pipeline project 173,175Turki, Prince see al Faisal, Prince TurkiTurkicAfghanistan 215arts and architecture 9nomadic empires 8peoples 68, 215Turkmen gas 173Turkmenistan 18,22, 27,44-5,60-2,120gas pipeline 6,157,173, 201heroin addiction 122-23US 173see alsoAshkhabad; Bridas CorporationUighurs 128Ukraine 44,184ul Haq, President (General) Zia 85,89,96,129-30,184,186-7,195ul Momineen, Amir 91,102see also Omar, Amir Mullah Modhammedul Muslimeen, Ikhwan 86ukmas 19,41,43,53,65,69-71,84,88Ummah 86-7UNESCO 9,113UNICEF108,113United Arab Emirates 58United Islamic and National Front forthe Salvation of Afghanistan 61United Nations (UN) 50, 54,61,67,74,111,114,126-7,139,169Afghanistan 189agencies 59,64, 71,103,113,123-t,127aid agencies 2,62, 70, 72, 77,101,104Aid programmes 69Charter 64, 76Drugs Control Programme (UNDCP)119-20,123-4Group of Concerned Countries 66High Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR) 65,72,113humanitarian aid agencies 65, 71,93,108investigations 63Islamabad 49mediation 177officials, Kabul 75peace-making 49, 214Security Council 45-6,64,66, 76-9,178Special Representative forAfghanistan see Brahimi,Lakhdarstaff 70-1United States (US) 66Afghan policy 178Agency for International Development171Assistant Secretary of State for SouthAsia see Raphel, Robinattack 77,92Bin Laden 77, 79,175-7,182Central Asian policy 175, 215CIA 172,179Congress 46,129Consulate in Calcutta 136Drugs Enforcement Administration(DEA) 121embassy bombing 7, 75,131,136,138-9,181,209feminist groups 65,174Foreign Oil Companies group 162Iran relations 46,176,181,196-8,200,205Mujaheddin 172,175-6,184,197narcotics policy 120oil companies 172,179Pakistan relations 182,186pipeline plans 179policy to Afghanistan-Pakistan-Iran-Central Asia region 176pressure 78Saudi Arabia relations 179,182Senate 70,178State Department 133-4,140,156,161,177,179Talibans (1997-99) 170-82Turkmenistan 173University of Omaha, Centre ofAfghanistan Studies 171Unocal (US), Central Asian OilPipeline Project (CAOPP) 6,45,126,151,154,159-80,209Urozgan province 22,33,98Uzbek-Taj ik-Hazara alliance 69Uzbekistan, Soviet Socialist Republicof 44,56,58,60,72,93,129,149Afghanistan border 60, 77Dostum 73heroin addiction 122Tashkent meeting 77Uzbeks35,51-2,55-6,58,61,63-4,69-70,101,128,210clan history 57commanders 73fighters 76forces 21,58leadership 77INDEX ~ 279massacres (1998) 74,83Shaybani Khans 9Velayti.AliAkbar61.200Vietnam 120Vyakhirev, Rem 173-4Wahab, Abdul (1703-1792) 85Wahabbis 137,139ulema 201Wahabbism85,132,197,199,201-2,211Wahadat see Hizb-e-Wahadat partyWais.Mirl0.23Wakil, Mullah 43,102Wali, Abdul 3-4Wali,MahmudIbnl49Wali,Simi 111Wardak province 34,67Washington 45-6Unocal 6Washington Post 182Western humanitarian aid agencies 18,106,127Witschi-Cestari, Alfredo 71,127WorldBank 167,215Food Programme (WFP) 67,108,126-7Muslim League 131Trade Center 130-1,135Trade Organisation 189Xinjiang province 215Yeltsin, President Boris 156Yousufzai, Rahimullah 23Zabul province 22,33ZahirShah, King 11-12,19Zardari,Asifl59Zia, President see ul Haq, President(General) ZiZohra, Bibi 108-9Zoroastrianism 8,57