INDEX ~ 268Brahimi, Lakhdar (continued)•motive) 34, 71, 78,155,207Mullah Omar meeting 23UN Security Council 66, 76Braudel, Ferdinand 107,190, 212Bridas Corporation (Argentinean oilcompany) 6,126,157-70,174-5British India 88Brown, Senator Hank 45-6,166,178Brzezinski, Zbigniew 130Buddhas68,76Buddhism 8-9, 57,68Buddhist-Greek kingdom 9Buenos Aires 170Bukhara 147Bukhara, Amir of 11,146Bukharan Jews 83Bulgheroni, Alejandro 157Bulgheroni, Carlos (Chairman ofBridas) 6,157-9,165,168,170Burma 119Bush, President 161-2,172Calcutta 20,136Cambodia, Khmer Rouge 2-5,98Care International 114Carter, President 162Casey, William 129Caspiancivil wars 179oil and gas 173-4CentGas consortium 160,165,171-3,175,179Central Asia 1-2, 7-9,36,57,60-1,68,77,83,209,211anti-US feelings 77capitals 45civil wars 179land routes 26network 215opening up of 200pipelines 6, 209Republics (CARs) 1-5,147,176communications 143,191oil and gas 144,155-6relations with Saudi Arabia 200-1Russia 44Talibans 53^, 93,166Turkey 152-3see also Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan;Tajikistan; UzbekistanCentral Asian Oil Pipeline Project(CAOPP) see UnocalChaman, Pakistan 27,92,189,191Che Guevara 136Chechnya 92, 209Chevron (US company) 145,155,161China 68Chishtyia Sufi brotherhood 37Chong-Hyun (UN Special Rapporteur)63Chorid dynasty 37Christian Crusades 87Christopher, Warren 178,180-1CIA 18,134,162attacks on Tajikistan and Uzbekistan129budget 180ISI84-5,120-1,163,184military aid 85Mullah Omar 133pipeline 19plots 177Stinger anti-aircraft missiles 44-5Talibans 166Unocal project 178US Drugs Enforcement Administration121Clinton, Hillary 70,176,182Clinton, President 46,65, 75,122,134-5,137,155,173-4,176,182pipeline 160-1, 165White House affair 175Cold War 5, 7,13,140,176,184,197-8, 208-10Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS) 60Connolly, Captain 37Curzon, Lord 7,145-6Dar-ul-Uloom Haqqania 90Dasht-e-Laili desert 63, 74Dashte-e-Mango 31Daud, President Sardar Mohammed12-13,51,85Davies, Glyn 166De La Rosa, Henry 161Delhi 9, 20Delta Oil Company (Saudi company)160,165,168,171,201Deobandism88-90dictators 143-56Dilaram33,39Dostum, General Rashid (Uzbek warlord)21,43-4,46-7,57Afghan Uzbeks 149Bhutto and Ismael Khan meeting 27Hikmetyar alliance 34Mazar 55-5,61-3,70military aid from Iran 200pipeline 159,168-9Talibans 39, 50, 52-3, 72-3Turkey 73,154Uzbekistan 73Dubai 45,57,192Durand line 187Durrani, Ahmed Shah 11, 20,23Durrani Pashtuns 11,18-9,40,51,98Durranis 10-12,18-21,33Dushanbe 78Eastern Europe, Talibans 184Ebel, Robert 169Egypt 83, 86Ehsan, Mullah Ehsanullah 100Ehsanullah, Mullah 59Elieussen, Sofie 109European Commissioner for HumanRights 113European Union (EU) 65, 72,114Fahd, King 133,169,201-2Faisal, King 131Fange, Anders 208Faryab province 59-9,62, 70FBI 136-7Feminist Majority 182Ferghana valley 85, 93Ferozi, Qazi Khalilullah 3Filipino Moros 128France, diplomat 75Fraser, George McDonald 164INDEX - 269Gailani, Pir Sayed Ahmad 19,85Gangohi, Rashid Ahmed (1829-1905)88Gaza and West Bank, Hamas 136Gazprom (Russian gas giant) 161,173Geneva Accords 27-8Georgia, conflict 209Ghani,Ashraf212Ghaus, Mullah Mohammed 17,22, 29,34,51,59,174Ghaznavids 9,68Ghazni province 67Ghiasuddin, Maulvi Sayed 98Ghilzai 10-11Afghan empire 23Pashtun tribes 18,59-60,98-9Ghor province 67,96Girishk39Gorbachev, President Mikhail 145,208Gore, Albert 176Gorno-Badaskshan 147Goutierre, Thomas 171-2Great Game 6,11,145-7,153,155,157,160,164,169-70,175,209Gul, Lt General Hameed 128-9,131Gul.Nasiba 109-10Gupta, Dr Leila 109Habibi, Mohammed (UNHCR) 72Haig, Alexander 162Halim,Ustad28Hamas 136Hanifi, Mullah Abdul 115Haq, Maulana Abdul 90Haq, Samiul 90-1Haqqani, Jalaluddin 60,62Haqqania 84,91Harakat-e-Inquilab Islami (Movementof the Islamic Revolution) 19,84Harkat ul Ansar group 75, 92Hassan, Mullah Mohammed 6,19,22-3,54,71,115,118Hazarajat 59,67-9, 71,83,198-9Hazaras 7, 21,43, 53,58-9,61-4,67-70,72-7,210Afghan Shias 198attacks on in Kabul (1993) 199-200
INDEX - 270Hazaras (continued)bureaucrats 101Hizb-e-Wahadat party 69,198-9massacres 77,83,139Mazarjail74Shia Islams 83Helmand province 33,98,120Herat 10,18, 20-2, 25-6,44,53,99,110,120,191history 113,115Pakistan Consul General 28Talibalfiefdom213Taliban capture (1995) 31-40,112,177,185Heratis36-7,83,208Herodotus (Greek historian) 37heroin 177-27, 203, 209Heslin, Sheila 162,174Hikmetyar, Gulbuddin (Mujaheddinleader) 13, 26-7,56, 73,86Arab-Afghans 132-3Daud uprising against 85Hizb-e-Islami party 19,44,86,128,130,1981SI support 91,129Kabul 34,43,46-7,51,108,188Masud51,85,93Najibullah coup against 198non-Afghan Mujaheddin 92Pashtuns21,52,188Saddam Hussein 199split with Sayyaf 199Talibans 108,184Hindu Kush mountains 7-9,11,48-55,67,69,212-14Hindu Mahrattas 11Hindus 82-3Hizb-e-lslami party 19,44,86,128,130,198Hizb-e-Wahadat party 19, 24,34,43-4,69-70,76,78,84,86,128,198-9Holl,Norbet47,49,64Hotak tribe 23Hui-chao (Korean monk) 68Humayun, Qazi 42Hunter, Dr Shireen 163Huntington, Samuel 130Hussain, Syed Nadir Shah 83Hussein, King 96Hussein, Saddam 98,197, 214Ibn Battuta (Arab traveller) 841CRC (Red Cross) 18,50, 59, 74,126,207Ikhwan model 86Imam, Colonel 28, 42Imle, John 165,167,171,179Inderfurth, Karl 181India 1-5, 7,20,44-5,68,83,88,186British Governor General 20Muslims 88Mutiny (1857) 88Indo-Afghan empires 9InternationalChamber of Commerce 165,169-70Islamic Front for jihad against Jewsand Crusaders 134Women's Day 70Iqbal, Mohammed (Indian poet) 7Iran 1-5, 7,20,22,36,44-5,53, 56-7,66,70,72, 76,196-206Afghanistan border 76Afghanistan relations 197,202,210arms supplies 76Central Asia 200,209Dostum 200drug addicts 122,203economy 193Intelligence 203isolation policy towards 177Mjuaheddins support for 198non-Muslim Soviet states 200Pakistan relations 76,200,211,214Rabbani 200, 204Revolutionary Guards 76,198revolutionary war (1981-88) 197Russia ties 200Saudi Arabia relations 196-7,199,206Shia sect 92, 203Talibans 77,176-7,197Unocal 171,177women's rights 116Iranians 74-5Iraq 197-9Irfani, Qurban AH 69ISI see Pakistan, Interservice Intelligence(ISI)Islam 57,66,68-9,73,76,116,212-13Caliph of 57challenging 82-94Islamabad 28-9,44,46,48,59,65Accord (1993) 199Peshawar highway 90ulemallUS Embassy 164,166,176Islamicfundamentalism 2, 77,94,176,188,209-11,214history 93judges Qazis 102leaders 85-6militants 75, 85,136movements 199Mujaheddin parties 84Palestinian movement 136parties 77,86,88,185-86,203revolution 93,196Salvation Front (FIS) 135Supreme Courts 102-3,106Ummah 131Ismaelis 83Ismail, Shah 197Italy, UN military officer 75Ittehad-e-Islami, Islamic Unity 85Jabal ul Seraj 59Jabha-i Najat Milli Afghanistan 84-5Jalalabad 21,34,47-8,103,134Accord (1993) 199Nangarhar <strong>University</strong> 103Shura44,47,133,186Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic party) 86,130,185, 203Jamiat-e-Ukma-Islam (JUI) 26, 29,89-90,92,200Jamiat-ul Uloomi Islamiyyah 92Jamil, Mufti 92Jan, Mullah Maulvi Ahmed 125,174Jan, Wali 117-18Japan 68Jauwzjanis 208INDEX ~ 271Jeddah, King Abdul Aziz <strong>University</strong>132Jerat9Jews 82jihads 75,85,87,128-40,185-7Jomhuri Isfami newspaper 202,204Jowzjan province 56,59,63Juber, Sheikh Mohammed Bin 201JUI see Jamiat-e-Ukma-Islam (JUI)Kabul 8,10-1,18,21,35-6,40,59,65,68,70(1996)41-54Bridasl70bureaucracy 101capture by Mujaheddins (1992) 90central Jirga 215communist regime (1989) 96fell to Mujaheddins (1992) 97,190,199government 210Hazaras attacks (1993) 199-200Mujaheddin government 199Pashtun rulers 69Polytechnic College 72Shura 50,98,101,103^, 215Supreme Court 102Talibalfiefdom213Taliban capture (1996) 95,178, 201UN officials 75<strong>University</strong> 84,86Kabulis5,49-50,53,208Kakartribel0,25Kamal, Ahmad 189Kandahar, Pakistan 1-3,10-11,31,33,39-41,45,48,54-4,60, 70,72,92(1994) 17-30airport 45Brahimi and Omar meeting 76capture of 118city, electricity supply 185Herat highway 33Islamic Supreme Court 102-3jail 103opium 119Pashtunsll5province 98Shura 98,101-4,125
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AFGHANISTAN•^ UZBEKISTAN J TAJIKI
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34 TALIBANKabul- Hikmetyar had alli
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58 TALIBANGul Mohammed Pahlawan, Gh
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62 TALIBAN2,500 Taliban, who had re
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94 TALIBANinflamed the debate in th
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102 TALIBANadministrations made the
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134TALIBANAugust 1996 noted that Bi
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11DICTATORS AND OILBARONS: THE TALI
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146 TALIBAN DICTATORS AND OIL BARON
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154TALIBAN1998 when international o
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162 TALIBAN ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 1
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