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264 ~ NOTESFor a discussion of Wahabbism in Central Asia between 1991-94 see, Rashid,Ahmed: The Resurgence of Central Asia, Islam or Nationalism?9. The other bodies are the Higher Council of Qadis, the Institute for ScientificStudy, the Supervision of Religious Affairs and the Committee for the Preventionof Vice and Propagation of Virtue. The latter was copied by the Taliban.10. The result was a fatwa issued by the most powerful ulema leader, SheikhAbdul Aziz Bin Baz which read, 'Even though the Americans are, in the conservativereligious view, equivalent to non-believers as they are not Muslims, theydeserve support because they are here to defend Islam.' I am indebted to a private •paper on Saudi Arabia. Obaid, Nawaf, 'Improving US Intelligence Analysis onthe Saudi Arabian Decision Making Process', Harvard University 1998.11. Several Saudi sources told me that after the Taliban captured Kabul, Saudimosques regularly took up collections from the congregation after Friday prayers,for the Taliban — just as they did for the Muslims in Bosnia.12. Obaid, Nawaf, 'Improving US Intelligence Analysis on the Saudi ArabianDecision Making Process,' Harvard University, 1998.13. AFP, 'Taliban claim Saudi support', 21 April 1997.14. AFP, 'Taliban battling for northern city', 17 September 1997.15. Quoted in Rashid, Ahmed, 'Afghanistan - Road to Disaster', Herald magazine,November 1996.16. I interviewed Prince Saud in Jeddah in 1986 and Prince Turki in Islamabadin 1989. Both men are extremely intelligent and articulate, but poorly informedon the details of what was happening in Afghanistan. As with the CIA, Saudiintelligence depended to a large extent on the ISI for its information and analysis.17. AFP, 'Convoy carrying weapons stopped', 12 October 1998.18. AFP, 'Taliban shut down Iran embassy in Kabul', 2 June 1997.19. AFP, 'Taliban warn of retaliation against Iran', 22 September 1997.20. AFP, 'Iran says Taliban threat to the region', 14 August 1998.21. AFP, 'Iran presses Nawaz over Afghan policy', 15 June 1997.22. Iran based this assessment on the evidence of one Iranian diplomat who hadescaped the massacre by feigning death. Although wounded, he arrived back inTehran and talked to reporters. Ironically Mullah Dost Mohammed was jailedwhen he returned to Kandahar. His wife complained to Mullah Omar that he hadbrought back with him two Hazara concubines whom she refused to accept in herhome.23. Interviews with senior Iranian diplomats in September 1998 in Islamabad andJanuary 1999 in Davos, Switzerland.24- Albright, Madeleine, Speech to the Asia Society, New York, 17 June 1998.25. Interview with Kharrazi, Tehran, 30 April 1998.NOTES ~ 2652. Interview with Brahimi, Islamabad, 14 May 1998.3. AFP, 'Afghan casualty figures show no signs of easing', the News, 13 October1998.4- Fange, Anders, 'Challenges of Aid in Afghanistan', Paper for Stockholm Conferenceon Afghanistan, 24 February 1999.5. Elleston, Harold, 'The General against the Kremlin. Alexander Lebed: Powerand Illusion', Little Brown and Co, London 1998.6. AFP, 'Oil pipeline not ready for main production', 20 May 1999.7. The elected governments dismissed are those of Mohammed Khan Junejo May1988, Benazir Bhutto August 1990, Nawaz Sharif April 1993, Benazir BhuttoNovember 1996.8. Braudel, Ferdinand, A History of Civilizations, Penguin Books, London 1993.9. Private communication, 6 March 1999.10. Fange, Anders, 'Difficulties and Opportunities; Challenges of Aid toAfghanistan', Paper for Stockholm Conference on Afghanistan, 24 February 1999.Chapter 161. Ignatieff, Michael, The Warrior's Honor, Ethnic War and the Modem Conscience,Vintage, New York 1999.