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232 ~ TALIBANOmar's first meeting with a foreign diplomat. Taliban agree to free all Iranianprisoners.21 October. Feminist Majority Foundation in USA representing 129 women'sorganizations calls for increased economic and social pressure on Taliban.Mavis Leno, wife of Jay Leno, gives US$100,000 dollars for campaign againstthe Taliban's gender policy.23 October. Masud undertakes successful offensive in north-east and entersKunduz province. Taliban arrest 60 of General Tanai's supporters in coupattempt in Jalalabad.25 October. Taliban ban use of landmines. Masud takes Imam Saheb onTajikistan border.7 November. UN says Taliban responsible for killing 4,000 people earlier inMazar. Omar accuses UN of bias and says 3,500 Taliban killed. Omar againrejects broad-based government.13 November. Mohammed Akbari, leader of faction of Hizb-e-Wahadat surrendersto Taliban in Bamiyan.23 November. UNESCO chief Frederico Mayor urges world to stop humanrights abuses by Taliban.1 December. Taliban shoot students outside Jalalabad <strong>University</strong>, four dead,six injured.9 December. UN General Assembly passes tough Resolution on Afghanistan.29 December. UNICEF says education in Afghanistan has collapsed.199910 January. Taliban reject new Peace and National Unity Party formed inPeshawar and say only military solution acceptable. Masud offensive continuesin north.12 January. Family of leading former Mujaheddin commander Abdul Haqgunned down in Peshawar.19 January. Taliban cut off limbs of six highway robbers in Kabul and hanglimbs on trees in the city.21 January. UN Security Council again calls for cease-fire after briefing byLakhdar Brahimi.31 January. First Chinese delegation arrives in Kabul to meet Taliban.2 February. Iranian officials meet Taliban in Dubai. US Deputy Secretary ofState Strobe Talbott meets with Taliban in Islamabad. He hands over letterto Taliban demanding they extradite Osama Bin Laden.9 February. Taliban reject US letter and say Bin Laden will not be forced outbut they will impose restrictions on him.11 February. Earthquake in Maiden Shahr in Logar kills 50 people and injures200.13 February. Bin Laden goes underground. Taliban say they do not know hiswhereabouts. Masud visits Tehran for talks.15 February. Ten-year anniversary of Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.APPENDIX 3 ~ 23321 February. UN mediator Lakhdar Brahimi arrives in Islamabad after meetingKing Fahd in Riyadh.28 February. Anti-Taliban alliance say they will form a leadership counciland a 150-man parliament.3 March. Turkmenistan's Foreign Minister Sheikhmuradov meets withMullah Omar for the first time in Kandahar.4 March. Hillary Clinton criticizes Taliban's gender policy.11 March. Talks between the Taliban and the opposition begin in Ashkhabadunder UN mediation.14 March. Talks end on hopeful note with both sides agreeing to release someprisoners; structure of government to be decided in later talks.24 March. Lakhdar Brahimi meets with Mullah Omar in Kandahar.30 March. Next round of Ashkhabad talks stalled as both sides criticize oneanother.7 April. Russian Defence Minister Igor Sergeyev meets with Masud in Dushanbeas Russia announces it will build new military base in Tajikistan.10 April. Mullah Omar rules out further talks with opposition. Heavy fightingin and around Bamiyan.15 April. President Clinton criticizes Taliban's abuse of human rights. Talibancondemn Clinton.21 April. Bamiyan falls to Hizb-e-Wahadat as Taliban withdraw, dozens killedand dozens more captured.28 April. Taliban bomb Bamiyan in bid to retake it. Thirty civilians killed.29 April. Taliban, Pakistan and Turkmenistan sign agreement to revive gaspipeline through Afghanistan and pledge to find new sponsor for project.Hillary Clinton criticizes gender policy of Taliban in Washington.5 May. Iran and Uzbekistan issue joint statement in Tashkent to resist anyTaliban takeover of Afghanistan.9 May. Bamiyan retaken by Taliban after they launch attacks from north adsouth.12 May. Taliban delegation sign agreements with Turkmenistan to buy gasand electricity.14 May. USA issues first warning to Pakistan not to support the Taliban andsays it favours the return of ex-King Zahir Shah.20 May. Heavy fighting erupts. Masud fires 12 rockets into Kabul, Bagrambombed by Taliban and fighting in the north.22 May. Taliban crush abortive uprising in Herat, execute eight people inpublic and kill another 100. Taliban accuse Iran of distributing arms.28 May. Amnesty International accuse Taliban of killing civilians duringtheir capture of Bamiyan. Mullah Omar holds meeting of several thousandTaliban commanders and mullahs in Kandahar for three days to discuss themovement's future.2 June. Uzbekistan's Foreign Minister Aziz Kamilov meets with Mullah Omarfor first time in Kandahar.Taliban insist that they will only attend next 'Six plusTwo' conference in Tashkent if recognized as government of Afghanistan.
234 ~ TALIBAN8 June. US FBI places Bin Laden on top of ten most wanted fugitives. Fearsof US attack on Bin Laden increase.26 June. Ex-King Zahir Shah holds consultative meeting in Rome, but Talibanreject any peace-making role for him. USA closes seven embassies inAfrica for three days because of Bin Laden threats.6 July- US imposes trade and economic sanctions against Taliban and freezetheir assets in the USA. Taliban prepare for massive summer offensive againstMasud as thousands of Pakistani and hundreds of Arab recruits join Taliban.15 July. Former Senator Abdul Ahad Karzai, a leading Afghan nationalist,murdered in Quetta after meeting with Zahir Shah.The US State Departmentand the UN condemn the murder.16 July. The Foreign Ministers of Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan meet inTashkent and pledge co-operation in combating Islamic extremism in CentralAsia.19 July. The 'Six plus Two' talks begin in Tashkent. President Islam Karimovcalls for cease-fire and UN session on Afghanistan.20 July. Tashkent talks without firm conclusions.23 July. Masud in Tashkent and meets President Karimov.27 July. UN planes stop flying to Kabul as rockets fired by Masud hit airport.Taliban offensive imminent.28 July. Taliban offensive begins on three fronts as they advance towardsBagram. 130 killed on both sides in first day of fighting.1 August. Bagram falls to Taliban, but heavy fighting as Masud tries to recaptureit.2 August. Taliban capture Charikar as Masud retreats to Panjshir. 200,000people flee the Shomali valley creating new refugee crisis.3 August. Taliban advance in north from Kunduz and take Imam Sahib andSher Khan Bandar, cutting Masud's supply links to Tajkistan. 3000 casualtiesin fighting so far.5 August. Masud counter-attacks and retakes Charikar and pushes Talibanback to former positions near Kabul. 400 Taliban killed and 500 captured.8 August. Masud recaptures lost ground in the north.10 August. Washington freezes assets of Taliban airline Ariana in the USAbecause of its links to Bin Laden.13 August. Taliban retake Bagram.15 August. UN appeals to Taliban not to create more refugees and haltfighting as Taliban pursue scorched-earth policy in Shomali valley. Thousandsarrested in Kabul.17 August. Pakistan attempts mediation but rejected by Northern Alliance.24 August. Massive bomb blast in Kandahar outside Mullah Omar's home,killing 40 people including Omar's two step-brothers and six Arabs.5 September. Heavy fighting as both sides launch renewed offensives in northand around Kabul.10 September. UNDCP says Afghanistan's opium production doubles to 4600tons in 1999. Ninety-seven per cent of cultivation under Taliban control.APPENDIX 3 ~ 23520 September. Russia says Afghanistan-based Afghans, Pakistanis and Arabsfighting in Dagestan and Chechnya.25 September. Taliban advance towards Taloquan, capital of Northern Alliance.Heavy fighting.27 September. UN criticizes outside support for Afghan factions. Talibanrecapture Imam Sahib.29 September. Northern Alliance shoot down Taliban SU-22 fighter overTaloquan as fighting intensifies.4 October. Pakistan's ISI chief visits Kandahar and demands extradition ofPakistani terrorists from Afghanistan. Mullah Omar agrees to co-operate.12 October. Military coup in Pakistan overthrows government of Prime MinisterNawaz Sharif.15 October. US Security Council imposes limited sanctions on Taliban.200018 January. Francesc Vendrell appointed new UN Secretary General's SpecialRepresentative to Afghanistan.6 February. Afghan civilians hijack international flight from Kabul and forceplane to fly to London where hijacking ends peacefully after 4 days.March Organisation of the Islamic Conference hold unsuccessful talks betweenTaliban and NA.27 March. Ismail Khan escapes from Taliban jail in Kandahar and arrives inIran. Taliban launch abortive offensive against Masud.April. Severe draught trips Afghanistan and Taliban appeal for internationalhelp.1 July. Taliban launch their summer offensive north of Kabul but repulsedwith heavy casualties.10 July. Bomb blasts in Pakistan embassy in Kabul.28 July. Taliban launch attack in the north against Masud's forces. IslamicMovement of Uzbekistan based in northern Afghanistan launches attacks inUzbekistan.5 September. After four-week siege and heavy fighting, Taliban capture Taloqanin Takhar province from Masud, who retreats to Badakhshan province.150,000 refugess flee and put pressure on Tajikistan. Central Asian and Russianleaders condemn Taliban advances.
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YALE NOTA BENE"The broader storyher
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TalibanMilitant Islam,Oil and Funda
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Vi ~ CONTENTSChapter 8A Vanished Ge
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AFGHANISTAN•^ UZBEKISTAN J TAJIKI
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2 ~ TALIBANaccounts for some 40 per
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"6 ~ TALIBANgas riches of landlocke
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10 ~ TALIBANgious mix that was to m
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Part 1History of theTaliban Movemen
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18 ~ ISLAM OIL AND THE NEW GREAT GA
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34 TALIBANKabul- Hikmetyar had alli
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38 ~ TALIBANrHERAT 1995: GOD'S INVI
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42 ~ TALIBANdo manage to take Kabul
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J46 ~ TALIBANgreater weight to UN e
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50 ~ TALIBANas they hung from steel
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54 ~ TALIBANthey would help rearm t
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58 TALIBANGul Mohammed Pahlawan, Gh
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62 TALIBAN2,500 Taliban, who had re
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66 TALIBANshould throw all aid agen
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70 ~ TALIBANyears of battle and hel
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74 ~ TALIBANThousands of Hazaras we
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78 TALIBANhas become a plague,' sai
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NEW STYLE FUNDAMENTALISM OF THE TAL
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86 TALIBANsity students - Hikmetyar
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90 TALIBANSharia was heavily influe
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94 TALIBANinflamed the debate in th
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98 TALIBANizing factor of Islam, it
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102 TALIBANadministrations made the
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106 ~ TAUBANfrom working, but it no
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TALIBANUniversity, she held down a
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114 TALIBAN A VANISHED GENDER 115Ta
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118 TALIBANUS$1,300 - a small fortu
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122 TALIBANper cent of the total Pa
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126 TALIBANequipment, no electricit
Page 73 and 74: 130 ~ TALIBANfight with the Mujahed
Page 75 and 76: 134TALIBANAugust 1996 noted that Bi
Page 77 and 78: 138 ~ TALIBANwho were using the Kho
Page 79 and 80: 11DICTATORS AND OILBARONS: THE TALI
Page 81 and 82: 146 TALIBAN DICTATORS AND OIL BARON
Page 83 and 84: 150 — TALIBANgrowth of beards and
Page 85 and 86: 154TALIBAN1998 when international o
Page 87 and 88: 158 ~ TALIBANaround Afghanistan? Af
Page 89 and 90: 162 TALIBAN ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 1
Page 91 and 92: 166 TALIBAN ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 1
Page 93 and 94: ROMANCING THE TALIBAN 2: 1997-99 17
Page 95 and 96: 174 — TALIBANnon-Russian pipeline
Page 97 and 98: 178 — TALIBANROMANCING THE TALIBA
Page 99 and 100: 182 ~ TALIBANApril 1999. 'The US ha
Page 101 and 102: 186 ~ TALIBANters or the transport
Page 103 and 104: 190 ~ TALIBANThis Wild West of free
Page 105 and 106: 194 ~ TALIBANgovernance. Pakistani
Page 107 and 108: 198 TALIBAN SHIA VERSUS SUNNI: IRAN
Page 109 and 110: 202 TALIBAN SHIA VERSUS SUNNI: IRAN
Page 111 and 112: 206 — TALIBANin Afghanistan - to
Page 113 and 114: 210 — TALIBANand antagonism. The
Page 115 and 116: 214 ~ TALIBANdrawn since 1996 - a P
Page 117 and 118: 218 ~ TALIBANated and severely puni
Page 119 and 120: Origins of Members of the Taliban M
Page 121 and 122: APPENDIX 3 ~ 227Appendix 3A CHRONOL
Page 123: 230 ~ TALIBANgraves near Shebarghan
Page 127 and 128: 238 ~ TALIBAN1995 January16 MarchAp
Page 129 and 130: 242 ~ TALIBANJune21 August10 Septem
Page 131 and 132: 246 ~ TALIBANDupree, Nancy Hatch, A
Page 133 and 134: 250 ~ NOTESChapter 31 Interview wit
Page 135 and 136: 254 ~ NOTESmuddin, Religious Police
Page 137 and 138: 258 NOTES13. The Japanese company M
Page 139 and 140: 262 ~ NOTES28. Waxman, Sharon, 'A c
Page 141 and 142: Abbas, Mulla Mohammed 22,61,100Abda
Page 143 and 144: INDEX - 270Hazaras (continued)burea
Page 145 and 146: INDEX ~ 274nF»r\/FaliViar» milita
Page 147: INDEX ~ 278Talibans (continued)Sunn
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