The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 (2007) - Digital Himalaya

The InterimConstitution ofNepal, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRSTTO SIXTH AMENDMENTSg]kfnsf]cGtl/d;+ljwfg, 2063klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+;+zf]wg;lxt

© United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2008UN House, PulchowkG.P.O Box 107, Kathmandu, NepalTel: + (977-1) 5523200Fax: + (977-1) 5523991, 5523986www.undp.org.np/constitutionbuildingFirst Edition : (First to Third Amendments) 2008Second Edition : (First to Sixth Amendments) 2009DESIGNED AND PROCESSED BYCreative Press Pvt. LtdPrinted in NepalCreative Press Pvt. Ltd© ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd -o'Pg8LkL_ @))*o'Pg xfp;, k'Nrf]skf]:6 aS; g+= !)&, sf7df8f} +, g]kfnkmf]gM +-(&&–!_ %%@#@))km\ofS;M +-(&&–!_ %%@#((!, %%@#(*^www.undp.org.npklxnf] ;+:s/0f M -klxnf]b]lv t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ @)^$bf];|f] ;+:s/0f M -klxnf]b]lv 5}7f} + ;+zf]wg_ @)^%;fh;HhfMlqmol6e k| ]; k|f=ln=g]kfndf d'lb|tlqmol6e k| ]; k|f=ln=

CONTENTSPART Iljifo ;"rLefu !About this Publication 4of] k|sfzgsf af/]df %The Interim Constitution of Nepal 6g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg&A Simple Guide to the InterimConstitution 12cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] ;/n dfu{bz{g !#Some Comments on the Translation 36PART IIefu @The Interim Constitution of Nepal,2063 (2007) as amended by the first,second and third Amendments 38g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] ;+zf]wg;lxt #(Contents pages (article by article) 40List of Schedules (includingComprehensive Peace Agreement) 52Text of Constitution 54ljifo ;"rL -wf/fut_ $!cg';"rLx?sf] ;"rL -lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tf;lxt_ %#;+ljwfgsf] kf7 %%Text of Schedules 260cg';"rLx?sf] kf7@^!Note: the English version of eachdocument appears on the left hand pagefacing the Nepali version.gf]6M cª\u|]hL efiffsf] k|To]s;+:s/0f g]kfnL ;+:s/0fsf];fd'Gg]sf] jfofF kfgfdf /x]sf] 5 .

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSABOUT THIS PUBLICATIONThe Interim Constitution as published here includes the changes made by the fiveamending Acts –the Interim Constitution of Nepal (First Amendment), 2063 Chaitra 30(April 13, 2007), and the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment), 2064Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment) 13Poush 2064 (28 December 2007), the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment)2065 Jestha 16 (May 29, 2008), the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fifth Amendment)2065 Ashar 29 (July 13, 2008) and the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Sixth Amendment)2065 Mangsir 26 (December 11, 2008). We have indicated what the changes were (bymeans of footnotes, and by emboldening changes made in the first amendment, andemboldening and underlining those made by the second amendment and using italicswhen inserting the changes made by the third amendment). The changes made by thefourth amendment are indicated in bold italics, the changes made in the fifth amendmentare indicated by bold, italics and underlining and the changes made in the sixthAmendment are indicated by tinted and italics. Integration of the amendments wasdone by Kedar Bhattarai and Basant Subba.Another distinctive feature is that we have included a detailed table of contents: it ispossible to see which article of the Interim Constitution appears on which page.The English translation is based on that which was initially done by Mr. Uday Nepaliand his team from the Nepal Law Society. The revised version was been prepared bystaff of the Constitution Advisory Support Unit, a unit within UNDP Kathmandu. Wehave made some changes which we believe make the meaning clearer. This involvedmany hours of careful study of the Nepali original by the team of translators working inthe Constitution Advisory Support Unit office, UNDP, Kathmandu - Kedar Bhattarai,and Basant Subba – and by Surya Dhungel, and of discussion with Jill Cottrell. Usefulcomments were received from the UNMIN translation team headed by Dr. Mark Turin.We sent the translation to various other people, both Nepalese and foreigners for theircomments, and they have all stated that they believe this is a useful venture. We are verygrateful to all these people for having taken the time and trouble.We have produced it in the form of a bilingual version: in book form the Nepaliappears on the right and the English on the left hand page. This will help readers ofthe English who also understand Nepali to be sure of the meaning. We hope it willalso be helpful to translators of future constitutional documents.The text of the Interim Constitution is preceded in this book by a brief introduction to theInterim Constitution, and also by a “Simple Guide to the Interim Constitution", intendedfor members of the public who want to understand something about the document, butfor whom the original text is too time-consuming to read. Maybe some people will feelable to tackle the full document after reading the “Simple Guide".4The content of this volume is also available on the UNDP Support to ConstitutionMaking website (http://www.undp.org.np/constitutionbuilding/constitutionnepal/contitutionfile/Interim_Constitution_bilingual.pdf).

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THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSTHE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPALIn 1990 Nepal adopted its fifth – and first fully democratic – constitution. Althoughthere were many good features about that constitution, it failed to satisfy the demandsof many Nepali people. There was also a sense that the 1990 Constitution had limitedinvolvement of the people in its making, and that it came formally into being not asan act of the people's sovereignty but as a gift of the King. Among the shortcomingsof the Constitution in the eyes of many were the insistence that Nepal is a Hindukingdom; the inclusion of many important economic and social rights as “directiveprinciples" only, which means they were not able to be used as the basis for legalclaims; inadequate provisions for civilian control of the army; excessive power givento the King; and provisions that were not clear enough about the King's powers,thus making it possible for those powers to be abused. Unfortunately, over the yearsno attempt was made to remedy the deficiencies of that constitution by amendment.To the faults of the constitution itself, and insufficient royal commitment todemocracy, must be added grave failures of leadership, failure of political parties tomake any serious effort to be representative of the nation as a whole, excessivedomination of many sectors of national life by a minority of the community, andexcessive concentration of powers in the hands of the Kathmandu authorities. Allthese were compounded by the ten-year Maoist insurgency. Matters were brought toa head by the King's seizure of all power in 2005.The actions of the King finally led to a people's movement, jana andolan, in April2006, and the King ultimately recalled the parliament originally elected in 1999. Bythen the Maoists had begun negotiations with the major political parties, in whichthe Maoists' main demands were republicanism and the convening of a ConstituentAssembly to draft a new constitution. But the hundred of thousands who came outon the streets were demanding more than a restoration of democracy; they demandedgreater inclusion of the various sectors of society marginalized in the past, includingDalits, Janajatis (ethnic groups), Madhesis (from the terai) and women. So theinsistence was on breaking the monopoly of power by the certain privileged groups,inclusion of all groups in decision making, including in the Constituent Assembly,and rights for all. The Maoists in particular insisted that the 1990 Constitution couldnot continue to be the legal basis for governance, even for a transitional period. Adecision was made to have an Interim Constitution.6

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THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSAn Interim Constitution Drafting Committee was formed in June 2006, chaired byretired Supreme Court Justice Laxman Aryal. Originally it comprised 7 prominentlawyers, including former presidents of the Nepal Bar Association. When it wasrealized that 5 of these were male Brahmins, the Committee was expanded to bringin a few women, and members put forward by the various parties including theMaoists. It clearly found its work very difficult. The first draft that was made containedmany incomplete provisions, or provisions with alternatives, many of them showingclear signs of Maoist conceptions of government – including severe undermining ofthe independence of the judiciary, and the placing of excessive powers in the handsof the Council of Ministers. Maoist contributions to the draft included the stress onland reform, which survives into the final version. Another sign of the difficulty ofthe task was the considerable extent to which the Interim Constitution DraftingCommittee had recourse to the 1990 Constitution.Although about 5000 submissions were made to the Interim Constitution DraftingCommittee from various civil society groups, it is not known whether they were evenread. The changes that were made from the 1990 Constitution did however reflectthe concerns of those calling for inclusion, most notably in some new directiveprinciples, and in the provisions for the Constituent Assembly. Also some newfundamental rights are to be found, some of which were formerly in the directiveprinciples chapter. And the state is to be secular, no longer a Hindu kingdom. Theposition of the monarchy was placed on ice, as it were. Previously kingly functionsare now given to the Speaker or to the Prime Minister. But the third amendment tothe Interim Constitution, in December 2007, took the further step of saying thatNepal is to be a republic, and this is to be implemented by the first sitting of theConstituent Assembly. The fourth amendment declared Nepal to be a federaldemocratic republic, created the post of president as head of state, a vice-presidentand a national trust to which royal property is to be transferred. The fifth amendmentintroduces the requirements of political consensus for the election of president, a2/3 majority to amend the interim constitution, recognition of the aspirations ofindigenous and backward communities for autonomous regions, local self governingbodies and for social inclusion in the army.The basics of the existing governmental, parliamentary, system remain. However,there is no longer a second house of parliament, but most of its members (other thanroyal nominees) are merged into the House of Representatives. While the InterimConstitution was being drafted, negotiations with the Maoists were proceeding,and a Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed in November 2006. Thisagreement meant that there had to be provision for nominated Maoist members ofthe house. At the same time 48 other new members were to be nominated, ostensiblyto broaden the membership, though in the end the parties mostly brought in peopleof the old rather than a new mould. The interim nature of the arrangements is alsosignified by the insistence that decision making is to be by consensus, including theselection of the Prime Minister. This was carried to the extent that there was noprovision for a vote of no confidence in the government. This was changed in thesecond amendment in June 2007. The same amendment introduced a recognition ofthe opposition – another change that perhaps hints at a weakening consensus.8

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt@)^# c;f/df ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf k"j{ GofofwLz nId0f cof{nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bf;ldlt u7g eof] . ;'¿df o;df g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;gsf cWoIfnufot ;fthgf k|j'4 sfg'g Joj;foLx¿/xg' ePsf] lyof] . ha tLdWo] kfFr hgf k'¿if afx'g /x]sf] dx;'; ul/of], Tof] ;ldltdf s]xL dlxnf ykLlj:tf/ ul/of] . dfcf]jfbLnufot w]/} bnx¿n] o;df ;b:o yk u/] . ;ldltsf] sfd Hofb} sl7g lyof] .klxnf] d:of}bfdf w]/} ck"0f{ k|fjwfgx¿ jf ljsNk;lxtsf k|fjwfgx¿ lyP . tLdWo] w]/} s'/f Gofokflnsfsf]:jtGqtfnfO{ uDeL/ pk]Iff / dlGqkl/ifb\df Hofb} w]/} clwsf/ k|bfg ub} { dfcf]jfbLsf] ;/sf/sf]cjwf/0ff emNsfpg] vfnsf lyP . d:of}bfdf dfcf]jfbLsf] hf]8 e"ld;'wf/df lyof], h'g clGtd d:of}bfdfklg /x]sf] 5 . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldltn] ;fdgf ug' {k/]sf] sl7gfOsf] csf] { kIf @)$& sf];+ljwfgaf/]sf] ljdz{ lyof] .cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldlt ;dIf ljleGg gful/s ;dfhx¿af6 sl/a %))) ;'emfjx¿ k|fKtePsf] eP klg ltgLx¿sf] ;'g'jfO eP jf gePsf] :ki6 5}g . t/ klg @)$& sf] ;+ljwfgaf6 ul/Psfkl/jt{gx¿n] ;dfj]lztfsf] dfu ug] {x¿sf ;/f]sf/x¿nfO{ k|ltljlDat, pNn]Vo ¿kdf s]xL gofF lgb] {zsl;4fGtx¿df / ;+ljwfg ;ef;DaGwL k|fjwfgx¿df, u/]sf] 5 . o;df s]xL gofF df}lns clwsf/x¿ klg/x]sf 5g\, tLdWo] s]xL klxn] lgb] {zs l;4fGtsf] efudf /x]sf lyP . To;kl5 /fHo wd{ lg/k]If eof],lxGb' clw/fHo /x]g . /fhtGqsf] cj:yf lgnlDat /Xof] . klxn] /fhfsf] x}l;otn] ul/+b} cfPsf sfdx¿clxn] ;efd'v jf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lbOPsf 5g\ . t/ @)^$ k'; !# ut] ePsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] t];|f];+zf]wg g]kfn u0ftGqfTds d'n's ePsf] pNn]v ub} { cem cufl8 a9\of] . rf}yf] ;+zf]wgn] g]kfn ;ËLonf]stflGqs u0ftGq ePsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of], /fi6«k|d'vsf] ?kdf /fi6«klt / Ps hgf pk/fi6«kltsf] kbl;h{gf u¥of] . ;fy}, /fhkl/jf/sf] ;DklQ dftxtdf Nofpg 6«i6sf] Joj:yf u¥of] . kfFrf} F ;+zf]wgn]/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu /fhgLlts ;xdlt, ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf nflu b'O{ ltxfO{ dt cfjZos kg] {,:jfoQ If]qsf nflu cflbjf;L hghflt tyf lk5l8Psf ;d'bfox?sf] rfxgfnfO{ dfGotf lbg], :yfgLo:jfoQ lgsfox?sf] tyf ;]gfdf ;dflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] Joj:yf u¥of] .ljBdfg ;/sf/L tyf ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/ p:t} /Xof] . t/ klg ;+;bsf] dflyNnf] ;bg eg] 5}g, t/o;sf w]/} ;b:o -/fhfåf/f dgf]gLt ePsf afx]s_ x¿nfO{ k|ltlglw ;efdf NofOPsf] 5 . cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf eO/xFbf dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] jftf{ hf/L lyof] / @)^# dª\l;/df lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdfx:tfIf/ ePsf] lyof] . of] ;Demf}tfdf ;+;bdf dfcf]jfbLsf ;b:ox¿ dgf]gLt ul/g] k|fjwfg x'g'kg]cfzo lyof] . To;}u/L, ;b:o lj:tf/sf nflu c¿ $* hgf ;b:ox¿ dgf]gLt ul/g'kg] { lyof], oBlkcGTodf bnx¿n] gofFeGbf k'/fg} JolQmx¿nfO{ NofP . cGtl/d k|s[ltsf] Joj:yfkgsf] cy{ klg k|wfgdGqLsf]lgo'lQmnufosf ljifox¿df ;j{;Ddltsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofnfO{ hf]8 lbg] lyof] . ;/sf/dfly cljZjf;sf]k|:tfjsf ;DaGwdf s'g} Joj:yf gePsf] xb;Dd o;nfO{ k'¥ofOPsf] lyof] . @)^$ h]7df ul/Psf] bf];|f];+zf]wgdf o;df kl/jt{g ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f]xL ;+zf]wgn] ljkIfsf] Joj:yf klg u¥of] – ;j{;DdltnfO{sdhf]/ t'Nofpg] kl/jt{gsf] csf] { ;ª\s]t of] lyof] .9

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSAn important aspect of the Interim Constitution –which gives it its interim nature –is that which provides for the setting up of the Constituent Assembly and thepreparation of the new Constitution. The provisions are not very detailed. Theprovisions for membership of the Constituent Assembly, though superficiallyappearing inclusive, proved on closer examination to guarantee little. After agitationin the Terai, and talks with Madhesi groups, the government agreed to amend theConstitution to provide for some redrawing of the boundaries of the geographicalconstituencies, to ensure greater terai representation. This was done in June 2007.More detail about inclusion in the Constituent Assembly through proportionalrepresentation lists, under the second election in the mixed system, was left to theConstituent Assembly Election Act.There is little detail in the Interim Constitution about how the Constituent Assemblywill operate, other than for some rules about adoption of the final new Constitution,and about achieving consensus, if possible, on the content of the constitution, and animprecise provision about possible reference to the people through a referendum“on any matters of national importance". It seem unlikely that there will now be anAct on the Constituent Assembly before the elections, so details are left to be fleshedout by the Constituent Assembly itself which will adopt its own procedural rules.The Constituent Assembly will act as the Legislature-Parliament as well (though itcan delegate a lot of the legislative work to a committee).The inclusion of provisions about the Human Rights Commission in the Constitutionis new. And there are some new provisions about the army, including aboutdemocratization.The purpose of this volume is not to analyze the Interim Constitution, but just tomake it available in a user friendly form. You can find some further comments on theInterim Constitution on the UNDP website – Support to Constitution Making.This version is based on the Interim Constitution as amended on six occasions -in other words it is up-to-date as of the end of December, 2008.10

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtcGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] cGtl/d k|s[lt bzf{pg] csf] { dxTjk"0f{ kIf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g / gofF ;+ljwfgsf]lgdf{0f;DaGwL k|fjwfg xf] . To;;DaGwL k|fjwfgx¿ Hofb} lj:t[t 5}gg\ . ;txL ¿kdf ;dfj]zL b]lvg]eP klg ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:otf;DaGwL k|fjwfgx¿ k/LIf0fdf sd ;'lglZrttf ug] { k|s[ltsf 5g\ .t/fO{df ePsf] cfGbf]ng / dw]zL ;d'bfo;Fusf] jftf{kl5 t/fO{sf] Jofks k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ef}uf]lns lgjf{rg If]qsf] k'gM ;Ldfª\sgsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ ;/sf/ ;xdt eof] . of] sfd@)^$ h]7df ul/of] . ;"rLsf cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjdfkm{t ldl>t k|0ffnLdf bf];|f] lgjf{rgcGtu{t;dfj]lztfsf] lj:t[t Joj:yf ;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rg P]gdf ug] { u/L 5fl8of] .gofF ;+ljwfg cª\uLsf/ ug] { / ;+ljwfgsf ljifoj:t'df ;Dej eP;Dd ;xdlt h'6fpg] s]xL lgodx¿nfO{5f8]/ ;+ljwfg ;ef s;/L ;~rfng x'g] eGg] ljifodf cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf yf]/}, / æ/fli6«o dxTjsf s'g}ljifodfÆ hgdt ;ª\u|xdfkm{t hgtfsf] cledt lng];DaGwL c:ki6 Joj:yf 5 . lgjf{rgcl3 ;+ljwfg;ef ;DaGwL P]g aGg] s'/f c;Dej h:t} 5, To;}n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ Joj:yf;DaGwL lj:t[tsfo{ljlw Tof] cfkm} +n] to ug] { u/L 5fl8Psf] 5 .;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ¿kdf klg sfd ug] {5 -oBlk o;n] ljwflosL sfo{x¿ ;ldltnfO{k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5_ .;+ljwfgdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u;DaGwL k|fjwfgsf] ;dfj]z gofF xf] . To;}u/L, o;df ;]gf /nf]stfGqLs/0f;DaGwL s]xL gofF k|fjwfgx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .of] k':tssf] p2]Zo cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] ljZn]if0f ug' { geO{ k|of]ustf{nfO{ ;lhnf] ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg'xf] . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf ;DaGwdf yk s]xL l6Kk0fLx¿ o'Pg8LkLsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu ;xof]u;DaGwLj]a;fO6df kfpg ;lsg] 5 .of] ;+:s/0f 5 k6s ;+zf]wg ePsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf cfwfl/t 5 . csf] { zAbdf of] @)^% k';;Ddsf]cBfjlws /x]sf] 5 .11

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSA SIMPLE GUIDE TO THE INTERIMCONSTITUTION OF NEPAL 2007What is a Constitution? It is a set of rules about how government is formed and howit works and what the rights of the people are. In most countries these rules arefound in one large document. In Nepal now the document is “The Interim Constitutionof Nepal" and it became a law on January 15, 2007.It is the “Interim" Constitution because it is intended to exist only until a newConstitution has been made by the people of Nepal through the ConstituentAssembly. An agreement to have a Constituent Assembly and a new Constitutionwas one of the results of the jana andolan II in 2006. Some changes have alreadybeen made in the Interim Constitution, as we shall see.When the Constituent Assembly prepares a new Constitution it does not have to useany of the rules in the Interim Constitution. But it may decide that some of thoserules are still useful. The purpose of this Simple Guide is to give readers some ideaof what a Constitution can include. As you read, you can think about whether youwould like to see the same rule in the new, final Constitution, or whether you wouldwant to see something different. And some topics that might be in a Constitution arenot included in the Interim Constitution at all.At the beginning is the “Preamble" – this explains why the Constitution has beenprepared, mentioning the people's movement, and the need for democracy and for anew Constitution.The Interim Constitution is then divided into Parts on different topics. The first Partstates some basic things about the Constitution and about Nepal. It says that theConstitution is such an important law that no other laws must contradict it, andeveryone, including the government, must obey it. It says that Nepal is a “secular"state – which means that the state is not attached to one particular religion – unlikethe 1990 Constitution which said that Nepal was a Hindu Kingdom. This does notmean that it is against religion – just that religion is a personal not a governmentmatter. It says that Nepali is the official language, but all other languages spoken inNepal are national languages and they can be used in local offices. Exactly what itmeans to say a language is an “official language" varies from country to country.Chapter I also says what the national flag is, as well as the national animal, flowerand bird.12

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf];/n dfu{bz{g;+ljwfg s] xf] < of] ;/sf/sf] u7g s;/L x'G5 / o;n] s;/L sfd u5{ eGg] s'/fx¿sf ;fy} gful/sclwsf/x¿;DaGwL lgodx¿sf] Ps ;Fufnf] xf] . w]/} b]zx¿df o:tf sfg"gx¿ Pp6} k':tsdf ;dfj]zul/Psf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf] xsdf of] b:tfj]h æg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#Æ xf], h;n] @)^# df3! ut] sfg"gL ¿k wf/0f u¥of] .of] ;+ljwfg æcGtl/dÆ /x]sf] lsgls æg]kfnL hgtfåf/fÆ ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t gofF ;+ljwfg gagfP;Ddsfnflu dfq o;sf] cl:tTj /xg] u/L o;nfO{ agfOPsf] 5 . t;y{ of] b:tfa]h ckof{Kt x'g;S5 .@)^@÷^# df ePsf] bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngsf] glthf:j¿k b]zdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g / gofF ;+ljwfglgdf{0f ul/g] ;xdlt ePsf] xf] . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ePsf ;+zf]wgx¿nfO{ xfdL kl5 x]g] { 5f} + .;+ljwfg ;efn] gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ubf{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ePsf lgodx¿nfO{ To;df ;dfj]z ug{cfjZos kb{ }g . t/ o;n] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf sltko lgodx¿ cem klg pko'Qm 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf]lg0f{o eg] ug{ ;S5 . of] ;/n dfu{bz{gsf] p2]Zo ;+ljwfgdf s:tf–s:tf s'/f ;dfj]z x'g;S5g\eGg]af/] kf7sju{nfO{ s]xL hfgsf/L u/fpg' /x]sf] 5 . of] k9\b} hfFbf tkfO{ +n] gofF ;+ljwfgdf klg k'/fg}lgodx¿ /fVg' k5{ jf km/s s' '/fx¿ /fVg'k5{ eGg]af/] ] ;f]Rg ;Sg' ' x'g]5 . ;+ljwfgdf ;dfj]z x'g;Sg]s]xL ljifoj:t'x? cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf laNs'n} ;dfj]z gePsf x'g;S5g\ .cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/Dedf Ps æk|:tfjgfÆ 5, h;n] ;+ljwfg lsg lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] eGg] s'/fsf] JofVofug' {sf ;fy} bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngnufot nf]stGq tyf gofF ;+ljwfgsf] cfjZostfaf/] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .cGtl/d ;+ljwfgnfO{ ljljw ljifocg';f/ ljleGg efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] klxnf] efun] g]kfn /;+ljwfgaf/] s]xL cfwf/e"t s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o;n], ;+ljwfg b]zsf] d"n sfg"g ePsf] tyf cGo s'g}sfg"g of];Fu aflemg] 5}g / ;/sf/;lxt ;a}n] o;sf] kfngf ug] {5g\ eGg] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o;df,g]kfnnfO{ Ps æwd{ lg/k]IfÆ /fHo egL pNn]v 5, h;sf] cy{ /fHon] s'g} ljz]if wd{;Fu ;DaGw /fVb}g eGg]xf] — hals @)$& sf] ;+ljwfgn] g]kfnnfO{ Ps lxGb' clw/fHo egL pNn]v u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf] cy{ /fHowd{ lj/f]wL 5 eGg] xf]Og, o;sf] cy{ wd{ ;/sf/L geO{ JolQmut dfldnf xf] eGg] xf] . ;+ljwfgcg';f/g]kfnL b]zsf] cflwsfl/s efiff xf], h;sf] cy{ of] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g] 5 eGg] xf] . t/ g]kfndfaf]lng] ;a} efiffx¿ /fi6« efiff x'g\ / logLx¿nfO{ :yfgLo sfof{nox¿df k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 .æcflwsfl/s efiffÆ nfO{ b]zcg';f/ km/s–km/s 9Ëaf6 kl/eflift ul/Psf] x'G5 . klxnf] efun] /fli6«oem08fnufot /fli6«o hgfj/ -ufO{_, /fli6«o k"mn -nfnL u'/fF;_, /fli6«o /Ë -l;ld|s_ / /fli6«o k+IfL -8Ffkm]_af/] klg pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .13

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 2 is about Citizenship. A citizen is a person who can say “I am a Nepalese".Such a person can get a passport of the country. In many countries citizens are theonly people who can vote in elections. They have special rights as citizens, and alsospecial responsibilities. Chapter 2 says that any person whose father or mother isNepalese is Nepalese, and that other people can become Nepalese (including thewife of a Nepalese man). No person who is a Nepalese citizen can at the same timebe a citizen of another country (not all countries have a rule like this).Part 3 is a very important chapter. It is about human rights. These are the rightswhich we all have because we are human. But some of the rights in the InterimConstitution apply only to citizens; this is all right for some rights, but in manyconstitutions most rights are for all people within the country – because they are allhuman. Human rights in a constitution are political – they indicate to the governmentwhat would be the right behaviour – but they are also legal rights. A person who hassuffered because the government has violated the rights should have a legal claimfor compensation. Sometimes it is more effective to complain to a body like theHuman Rights Commission though.So what are the rights recognised in the Interim Constitution? They are the right to adignified life, to liberty, freedom of speech, freedom to join with others in gatheringsor associations. Everyone is equal, and there must be no discrimination just becausea person is of a certain sex, or ethnic group or caste, or speaks a certain language orbelieves in a certain religion. Discriminating when providing goods, services orfacilities against someone because of their race or because they are “untouchable"must be something for which a person can be punished under the law. There is aright to a clean environment and a right to basic health care. There is a right to freeprimary and secondary education. Certain rights are guaranteed for children andfor women. There are rights to property, and rights to social security in somesituations. And there is a right to practise one's religion – but this right only appliesto the religion into which a person was born. There are rights to a fair trial for peopleaccused of a crime, and a right not to be tortured. There is a right to information, aright to privacy, and right not to be exploited and a right to fair labour conditions.Before some of these rights can actually be useful a law must be passed. This is nota complete list of the rights in the Constitution. And some of the rights are limited bythe Constitution – because this may be necessary for the benefit of everyone in somecircumstances.14

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu– @ df gful/stfaf/] pNn]v 5 . g]kfnsf] gful/s Tof] JolQm xf] h;n] æd g]kfnL x' FÆ eGg ;S5 .To:tf] JolQmn] b]zsf] /fxbfgL k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5 . w]/} b]zx¿df s]jn ToxfFsf gful/sx¿n] dfqlgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ kfpF5g\ . pgLx¿;Fu ljz]if clwsf/x¿sf ;fy} ljz]if lhDd]jf/Lx¿ x'G5g\ . o;efudf pNn]v ePcg';f/ hGd x' Fbf s'g} JolQmsf] afa' jf cfdf g]kfnL /x]5 eg] To:tf] JolQm g]kfnLx'g]5 . To;}u/L, g]kfnL gful/s;Fu ljjfx ug] { ljb]zL dlxnfnufot cGo JolQmx¿ klg g]kfnL gful/saGg;Sg] k|fjwfgx¿ klg 5g\ . g]kfnsf] s'g} gful/s Ps};do csf] { b]zsf] klg gful/s aGg ;Sg] -;a}d'n'sdf o:tf] lgod 5}g_ 5}g .efu # cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ efu xf] . o;df dfgj clwsf/af/] pNn]v 5 . dflg; ePsf] gftfn] xfdL;a};Fu oL clwsf/x? 5g\ . t/, cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ePsf s]xL clwsf/x¿ oxfFsf gful/sx¿df dfqnfu" x'G5g\Ù of] s]xL clwsf/x¿sf] lglDt :jLsfo{ x'G5, t/ w]/} ;+ljwfgx¿df pNn]lvt k|foM h;f]clwsf/x¿ b]zsf ;a} dflg;x¿sf nflu x'G5 — lsgls pgLx¿ ;a} dflg; g} x'g\ . ;+ljwfgdf pNn]vePsf dfgj clwsf/x¿ /fhgLlts ljifoj:t' x'g\, o;n] ;/sf/nfO{ gful/sx¿k|lt s;/L Jojxf/ug' {k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] lgb] {z ub{5 . t/ oL sfg"gL clwsf/x¿ klg x'g\ . ;/sf/af6 o:tf clwsf/sf]pNnª\3g eO{ s'g} JolQmn] xfgL gf]S;fgL a]xf]g{ ' k¥of] eg] To;sflj¿4 p;n] sfg"gL tj/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf]bfjL ug{ kfpg] 5 . t/ slxn]sfxL+ To:tf s'/fsf] lglDt /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u h:tf] lgsfodfhfx]/L ug' { cem k|efjsf/L x'g]5 .cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf s:tf clwsf/x¿ klxrfg ul/Psf 5g\ t < ltgLx¿ x'g\M dof{lbt hLjg afFRgkfpg] clwsf/, :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/, jfs\ :jtGqtf, zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] jf ;ª\3 / ;+:yf;Fu cfj4 x'gkfpg] :jtGqtf cflb . ;a} gful/s ;dfg 5g\ / s'g} JolQmsf] n} +lËs leGgtf, p;sf] hft jf ;d'bfo,p;sf] efiff jf wd{sf cfwf/df pmk|lt s'g} lsl;dsf] e]befj ul/g' x' Fb}g . s'g} JolQmsf] hft jf5'jf5"tsf cfwf/df s;}k|lt j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwfx?df lje]b ul/P Tof] sfg"gL ¿kdf b08gLo x'g]5 .o;df :jR5 jftfj/0f / cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf;DaGwL clwsf/ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . To;}u/L,o;df lgMz'Ns k|fylds / dfWolds lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;dflji6 5 . afnaflnsf / dlxnfsf] lglDtljz]if clwsf/x¿ k|Tofe"t ul/Psf 5g\ . ;DklQsf] xs;lxt s'g} ljz]if kl/l:yltx¿sf] lglDt ;fdflhs;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L, ;a}nfO{ cfk\mgf] wd{ dfGg kfpg] clwsf/ 5 — t/of] clwsf/ cfk"m hGdFbfsf] wd{df dfq nfu" x'G5 . ck/fwsf] lglDt bf]ifL 7x¥ofOPsfx¿nfO{ lgikIfGoflos hfFra'emsf] clwsf/sf ;fy} oftgflj¿4sf] clwsf/sf] Joj:yf 5 . cGo clwsf/x¿df ;"rgfsf]xs, uf]kgLotfsf] xs, zf]if0flj¿4sf] xs / plrt >d cEof;sf] xs k|d'v 5g\ . oLdWo] sltkoclwsf/x¿ pkof]u x'g'cl3 ljz]if sfg"g kfl/t x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ePsf xsx¿sf]of] k"0f{ ;"rL eg] xf]Og . s]xL clwsf/x¿ ;+ljwfgåf/f ;Lldt 5g\ — lsgeg] sltko kl/l:yltdf ;a}sf]enfOsf lglDt of] cfjZos kg{ ;S5 .15

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSAn important point is: how does one actually protect one's rights? Later in theConstitution it says that the Supreme Court can make orders to enforce humanrights. The Human Rights Commission also has the responsibility to protect humanrights.Part 4 is called Responsibilities, Directive Principles and Policies of The State. Herewe find Article 33 which is about the state's responsibilities to move to the ConstituentAssembly, with elections originally to be held by mid-June, 2007, later changed toNovember 2007, and at the time of publication of this edition (first) expected onApril 10 th 2008. This Article also commits the State to various other things thatwould carry out the demands of the jana andolan II. So the government must repealall discriminatory laws, it must restructure the state to do away with injustice, itmust set up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and in various ways improvesociety. This is a big agenda for an interim period! After the elections for theConstituent Assembly a new objective was added, about developing a culture ofcooperation among all political parties, including those who are in the CA.This is followed by some Directive Principles and State Policies. These are rathersimilar but not so clearly related to the interim period. In fact many of them were inthe 1990 Constitution. For example there must be special provision for women'shealth and education to improve their involvement in national life (this was in the1990 Constitution, too). And there must be reservations for a certain time formarginalised and poor communities in connection with education, health, housing,food sovereignty and employment. Reservations means that special arrangements,like quotas, must be made. Although lots of hopeful ideas are included here, it isimportant to realise that no-one could take the government to court claiming that ithad not done anything about these things. This is expressly stated – which makesthese principles and policies different from the rights.A whole new chapter was added after the monarchy was removed by the CA. Nepalnow has a President (and a Vice-President), and not a King. Part 4A says that thePresident is to be elected by the CA, preferably on the basis of consensus, and can beremoved only by vote of two-thirds of the members of the CA who are present, andonly for “gross violation" of the Constitution. Various other amendments to theInterim Constitution give functions to the President. These are all functions thatused to be carried out by the King, but which since January 2007 had been carriedout by the Prime Minister. They are all rather formal tasks, not involving any realexercise of choice by the President.16

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtoxfF Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg s'g} Ps JolQmn] cfkmgf] clwsf/ jf:tjdf s;/L ;'/lIft u5{ < eGg] xf] .;+ljwfgsf] kl5Nnf] efudf ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntn] dfgj clwsf/ nfu" ug{ cfb]z lbGf;S5 eGg] s'/f pNn]v5 . dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f ug{ ] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] klg bfloTj xf] . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/cfof]unfO{ of] ;+ljwfgn] ljz]if :yfg k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .efu $ df /fHosf] bfloTj, lgb{ ]zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ;'?df/fHosf] bfloTj;DaGwL klxnf] wf/f ## df @)^$ h]7;Dd ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug] { k|fjwfg lyof] . kl5of] @)^$ dª\l;/ ^ ut]nfO{ kl/jt{g ul/of] / of] k':ts k|sflzt -klxnf] ;+:s/0f_ ePsf] ;do;Dd@)^$ r}t @* ut] lgjf{rg ug] { Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . of] wf/fn] /fHosf] bfloTjsf ;fy} bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngaf6p7]sf dfux¿ k"/f ug] { cGo w]/} k|lta4tf klg hfx]/ ub{5 . t;y{ ;/sf/n] lje]bsf/L ;a} sfg"gx¿Vff/]h ug{ 'sf ;fy} cGofo x6fpg /fHosf] k'g;{ +/rgf u/L ;dfhdf ljBdfg s'/Lltx¿ lgd{ "n ug{ cGopkfox¿sf] cjnDagnufot ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7g ug' {kb{5 . ;ª\qmd0fsfndf oL ;a}d'2fx¿ ;Daf]wg ug] { s'/f lgs} g} 7"nf] sfo{;"rL xf] . ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5 ;+ljwfg ;efdf/x]sfnufot ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?aLr cfk;L ;xof]usf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug] { ;DaGwL gofF p2]ZoylkPsf] 5 .o;kl5 /fHosf s]xL bfloTj, lgb{ ]zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . oL s'/fx¿ Wff/f ## dfpNn]lvt pQ/bfloTjx¿ Hf:t} 5g\ . t/ logLx¿ cGtl/d sfn;Fu :ki6;Fu hf]l8Psf 5}gg\ . jf:tjdfoLdWo] w]/} s'/fx¿ @)$& sf] ;+ljwfgdf lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu dlxnfx¿nfO{ /fli6«o hLjgdf ;+nUgu/fpg pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yo / lzIffdf ljz]if ¿kaf6 ;'wf/ Nofpg'kg] { s'/f . -of] @)$& sf] ;+ljwfgsfklg lyof]_ . To;}u/L, ;LdfGtLs[t tyf ul/a ;d'bfox¿sf] lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, vfB ;'/Iff //f]huf/Lsf] lglDt s]xL lglZrt ;dosf nflu cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 . cf/If0fsf] cy{ s'g}ljz]if ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf] lglDt ljz]if Joj:yf h:tf] ls sf]6f ;'/lIft ul/g' xf] . o;df o:tf w]/}cfzfjfbL s'/fx¿ /flvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt k|fjwfg cg'¿k ;/sf/n] oL s'/fx¿ k"/fgu/]sf] egL s;}n] ;/sf/lj¿4 cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ gkfpg] x' Fbf l;4fGt / gLltx¿ clwsf/eGbfkm/s 5g\ .;+ljwfg ;efaf6 /fhtGq x6fOPkl5 Pp6f k"/f gofF efu yk ul/Psf] 5 . clxn] g]kfndf /fhf xf]OgPsghf /fi6«klt -;fy} Pshgf pk/fi6«klt_ /x]sf 5g\ . efu $s n] /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ;+ljwfg;efåf/f ;Dej eP;Dd ;xdltsf cfwf/df ug] { / ;+ljwfgsf] æuDeL/ pNnª\3gÆ ePsf] cj:yfdfdfq ;+ljwfg ;efsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 lghsf]lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfjaf6 x6fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ul/Psf c?;+zf]wgx?n] /fi6«kltsf sfo{x? lgwf{/0f u/]sf 5g\ . oL o:tf sfdx? x'g\ hf] /fhfaf6, t/ ;g\@))& hgj/Lb]lv k|wfgdGqLaf6 x'g] ub{y] . tL ;a} sfdx? /fi6«kltsf] jf:tljs rfxgfsf] cEof;gx'g] u/L a9L g} cf}krfl/s /x]sf 5g\ .17

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 5 is about the Executive – the Government. It says the Prime Minister – the headof government – must be chosen by consensus between the 7 parties . If this cannotbe achieved the Prime Minister must have the support of two-thirds of the membersof the Legislature-Parliament. Then there must be a Deputy Prime Minister andother Ministers. These must also be chosen by agreement between the parties. It goeson to say how a Minister resigns. It also says that a person who is not a member ofthe Legislature-Parliament could become a Minister. This Part was changed in thesecond amendment to make it possible to remove the Prime Minister; this would bedone by a “vote of no confidence" which would not be successful unless it had thesupport of two-thirds of those members of the Legislature present and changedagain by the fifth amendment so that a simple majority of the members present canpass a vote of no confidence.Part 6 is about the Legislature Parliament. This used to be called just “Parliament".It is the body that makes law. The Constitution says who are the members – it isunusual because it says that the existing members (elected in 1999) remain members,and that the parties were to choose some extra members, from civil society and thegrassroots. Also the Maoist party members were not to be elected but chosen by theparty. It says that business of the house must be conducted on the basis of “politicalconsensus" – but also says that in case a decision has to be made this must usuallybe by a simple majority of the members who vote. There are rules about quorum –how many members must be present for the house to carry on its business: theanswer is one quarter. There are rules about qualifications to be a members, aboutchoosing the person who presides (the Speaker), about freedom of speech for members.It also says that no-one else can accuse the members of bad faith – something that istaken from the 1990 Constitution. It says the House can adopt its own rules ofprocedure. In order to protect the independence of the courts no case that is beingheard in court can be discussed in the legislature. The Interim Constitution is notvery clear about what the Legislature Parliament actually does (except for makinglaws as we shall see). But the other roles of a legislature include keeping a watchover the government, including questioning Ministers, and investigating mattersthrough its committees.After the CA came into existence the old Parliament ceased to exist, and the CA isacting as Parliament, as well as making a new Constitution.18

]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu % df sfo{kflnsf cyjf ;/sf/;DaGwL s'/fx? pNn]v 5g\ . o;df ;/sf/ k|d'vsf] x}l;otdfk|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;ft bnaLrsf] ;xdltåf/f rog ul/g' kg] { k|fjwfg 5 . o:tf] ;xdlt gePsf] v08dfk|wfgdGqLnfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] b'O{ ltxfO ;b:ox¿sf] ;dy{g rflxg] x'G5 . cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjåf/fk|wfgdGqL x6fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf ;+zf]wgaf6 yk ul/Psf] 5 . To;kl5, pkkwfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿sf]klg Joj:yf 5 . pgLx¿sf] klg /fhgLlts bnx¿aLrsf] ;xdltaf6 rog x'g'kb{5 . o; efudfk|wfgdGqLn] s;/L /fhLgfdf ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg]af/] klg pNn]v 5 . To;}u/L, Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:ogePsf] JolQm s;/L dGqL aGg ;Sg]5 eGGf]af/] klg o;df pNn]v 5 . k|wfgdGqLnfO{ x6fpg ;lsg]k|fjwfg;lxt bf];|f] ;+zf]wgdf of] efusf] ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] lyof] . of] æcljZjf;sf] k|:tfjÆ åf/f ug{ ;lsG5,t/ ljwflosf–;+;bsf b'O{ ltxfO ;b:ox¿sf] ;dy{glagf of] ;Dej 5}g . ;fy}, kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f tTsfnsfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] ;fdfGo ax'dtn] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t ug] { u/L ;+zf]wg ul/of] .efu ^ df Joj:yflksf–;+;baf/] Joj:yf 5, h;nfO{ klxn] æ;+;bÆ dfq elgg] ul/GYof] . of] sfg"glgdf{0f ug] { lgsfo xf] . Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;b:oaf/] ] ul/Psf] k|fjwfg c;fwf/0f b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(((df lgjf{lrt eO{ @))$ df kbfjlw ;lsPsf k|foM h;f] ;f+;b\x¿nfO{ k'gj{xfnL ul/Psf] 5, / /fhgLltsbnx¿n] gful/s ;dfh / :YffgLo txaf6 yk ;b:ox? rog ug{ ' k/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L, g]kfnsDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf ;b:ox¿ lgjf{lrt geO{ bnaf6 rog ul/Psf x'g\ . Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL æ/fhgLlts ;xdltÆ -cyf{t\ ;ft bnaLrsf] ;xdlt_ sf cfwf/df ;~rfngul/g]5 eGg] s'/f pNn]v 5 . o;df of] klg elgPsf] 5 olb s'g} ljifodf lg0f{o ug{ 'k/] pkl:yt;b:ox¿sf] ;fwf/0f ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 . To;afx]s o;df ;b:ox¿sf] of]Uotf, ;efd'vsf] rog /;b:ox¿sf jfs :jtGqtfaf/] JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLn] ljz]if clwj]zg af]nfpg ;Sg] /cfk"mpk/ ljZjf; eP gePsf] hfFRg k|Zg /fVg kfpg] k|fjwfg ;+zf]wgåf/f yk ul/Psf] 5 . @)$& sf];+ljwfgdf k|fjwfg eP h:tf] o; ;+ljwfg cg';f/ s;}n] ;+;b ;b:osf] c;n lgotaf/] zª\sf ug{kfpg] 5}g . ;+;bn] cfk\mgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ljlwaf/] ] lgod cfk} +mn] cËLsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . cbfntx¿sf]:jtGqtfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2fx¿sf ;DaGwdf ;bgdf 5nkmn ul/g] 5}g .Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] s] u5{ eGg] s'/fdf cGtl/d ;+ljwfg k|i6 -sfg"g lgdf{0f ug] {afx]s_ 5}g . Joj:yflksfsfcGo sfdx¿df ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxLdf gh/ /fVg'sf ;fy} dGqLx¿nfO{ k|Zg ug' { / o;cGtu{t ul7tljleGg ;ldltx¿Dffk{mt tT;DaGwL cg';Gwfg ug{ ' /x]sf] 5 .;+ljwfg ;ef cl:tTjdf cfPkl5 k'/fgf] ;+;b\ eª\u eof] / ;+ljwfg ;efn] gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug' {sf;fy} ;+;b\sf] ;d]t sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .19

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 7 is about the Constituent Assembly, which has the task of making a newconstitution for Nepal. It says members will be elected – some from constituencieswith one member each and some in party lists. The parties must be “inclusive" inchoosing candidates for the constituencies, and ensure proportionate representationof women, Dalits, indigenous tribes, people from backward regions, Madhesi andother groups in their lists for the second election. And overall at least one-thirdcandidates must be women. It says the Constituent Assembly will be in existence for2 years. It says members must have certain qualifications – same as for the Membersof the House. Like Parliament it will adopt its own rules. For passing the Constitutionthe aim is for consensus. But if someone votes against any proposed article of theconstitution, this must be referred to a meeting of party leaders to try to reachagreement. If this can't be achieved, an article in the new constitution has to havetwo-thirds support to be passed.Part 8 is called “legislative procedure" and is about how laws (except for the newConstitution) must be passed. Laws must be signed by the President (Laws used to besigned by the King, and after the Interim Constitution until the creation of the officeof President they were signed by the Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament). If thelagislature is not sitting and there is need for a law, the Government may pass an"Ordinance"- but it must later be passed by the legislature.Part 9 is about money – about financial procedure. No taxes can be raised, and nomoney borrowed by the Government without a law. All government money must bepaid into a central account, called the “Consolidated Fund", and nothing must bepaid out of it without authority under a law. Most expenditure will be made afterdiscussion in the annual budget. But certain expenses are automatically paid withoutsuch discussion – this is to prevent interference with certain offices, including thejudges of the Supreme Court. The chapter sets out the normal procedure for presentingan annual budget and having it approved by parliament. There are also specialsituations – like unexpected expenditure - which are given special procedures.20

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu & ;+ljwfg;ef;Fu ;DalGwt 5, h;sf] sfd g]kfnsf] lglDt gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug' { xf] . o;efudf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:ox¿ k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qaf6 Ps hgfsf b/n] / s]xL;b:o /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;"rLaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g]5g\ . dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L–hghflt, lk5l8PsfIf]qsf dflg;, dw]zL tyf cGo cNk;ª\Vos ;d"xx¿sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ug{ lgjf{rg If]qsflglDt pDd]bjf/x¿ rog ubf{ / bf];|f] lgjf{rgsf nflu pDd]bjf/x¿sf] ;"rL to ubf{ bnx¿n]æ;dfj]lztfÆ ;'lglZrt ug' {kb{5 . df]6fdf]6L ¿kdf sd;]sd Ps ltxfO{ pDd]bjf/ dlxnf x'g' h¿/L5 . ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cjlw b'O{ jif{sf] x'g]5 . Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;b:ox¿sf] h:t} ;+ljwfg;efsf;b:ox¿sf klg s]xL lglb{i6 of]Uotf x'gkb{5 . ;+;bn] h:t} o;n] cfˆgf] lgodfjnL cfkm} + agfpF5 .;+ljwfg kfl/t ug{ ;xdltsf] cfjZostf kg] {5 . olb s'g} ;b:on] k|:tfljt ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/flj¿4dtbfg u/] To;af/] ;xdltdf k'Ug k|of; ug{ Tof] s'/f bnsf g]tfx¿sf] a}7sdf k]z ul/g'kb{5 .o;kl5 klg ;Dk"0f{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf ;j{;Ddlt geP Tof] wf/f kfl/t x'g b'O{ ltxfO ;b:ox¿sf] ;dy{gsf]cfjZostf kg] { x'G5 .efu * df æJoj:yfkg sfo{ljlwÆ /flvPsf] 5 . o;df sfg"g -gofF ;+ljwfgafx]s_ s;/L kfl/t ul/g'kb{5 eGg] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . sfg'gx?df /fi6«kltn] x:tfIf/ ug' {kb{5 -sfg'gx?df /fhfaf6x:tfIf/ x'g] ub{Yof] . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg cfPkl5 /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no :yfkgf gx'Gh]n;Dd Joj:yflksf–;+;b\sf ;efd'vaf6 To;df x:tfIf/ x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg ga;]sf] ;dodfs'g} sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos k/] ;/sf/n] To;nfO{ æcWofb]zÆ sf] ¿kdf Nofpg ;Sg] 5, t/ To;nfO{kl5 Joj:yflksfaf6 cg'df]bg ul/g'kg] { x'G5 .Effu ( df s/ tyf cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnLaf/] pNn]v 5 . o;df ePsf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ ;/sf/n] sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s s'g} s/ nufpg jf C0f lng kfpg] 5}g . ;/sf/sf ;a} wg tyf /sd ;l~rt sf]ifdfhDdf ul/g' kb{5 / sfg"gcGtu{tsf clwsf/Laf6 afx]s of] sf]ifaf6 /sd lemSg ;lsg] 5}g . jflif{sah]6df 5nkmn eO;s]kl5 vr{sf] Joj:yf x'g]5 . t/ s'g} sfof{nosf] ljz]if sfddf Jojwfg gk'¥ofpglagf 5nkmn g} ePsf] vr{sf] /sd ;f]wegf{ ul/g] 5 . o;df ;jf] {RRf cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿ Kflgkb{5g\ . o; efudf cfly{s jif{sf] ah]6 k]z uGf{ ] k|lsof / Tof] ;+;baf6 s;/L kfl/t x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf]JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . /, ljz]if kl/l:yltdf x'g;Sg] cfsl:ds vr{sf] lglDt ljz]if sfo{ljlwsf] k|fjwfgklg ul/Psf] 5 .21

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 10 is about the courts: it is called “The Judiciary". It creates the Supreme Court,the Appellate Courts and the District Courts and says what their basic powers are.It says who is qualified to become a judge. It says that the Chief Justice is appointedby the Prresident, but this must be on the recommendation of the ConstitutionalCouncil. (You will find the Constitutional Council is now made up of the PrimeMinister, the Chief Justice (or the Minister of Justice when the Chief Justice is to beappointed) the Speaker and three other Ministers, chosen by the Prime Minister andthe Leader of the Opposition– see Article 149). The other judges are appointed onthe recommendation of the Judicial Council – which consists of the Chief Justice, theMinister of Justice, another Supreme Court Judge, an advocate and a scholar of law.It says that Supreme Court Judges can only be removed if there is a resolution passedby two-thirds of the Legislature. Other judges can be removed by the Judicial Councilfor misbehaviour and other reasons. It says that with a few exceptions judges mustnot do any other sort of work except that of a judge.A very important provision is that about using the Supreme Court to protect rights.A citizen can apply to the court for any law to be declared contrary to the Constitution.The Court can actually say that the law has no force in the future – but anything thathas been done under the law before the court decision can stand. The court also canissue orders to enforce fundamental rights – and this is not restricted to citizens.There is also a Judicial Services Commission to deal with the appointments etc. ofmembers of the judicial service who are not judges. This body has similar membershipto the Judicial Council: Chief Justice, the Minister of Justice, and another SupremeCourt Judge but also the Chair of the Public Service Commission and the AttorneyGeneral.Every year the Supreme Court must make a report to the President – and this mustinclude various facts and figures, and whether any remarks have been made aboutjudges when cases have gone to higher courts on appeal.A special court is set up to deal with complaints about the elections to the ConstituentAssembly.22

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtEffu !) df cbfntx¿af/] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5, h;nfO{ Gofokflnsf elgG5 . o;df ;jf] {Rr cbfnt,k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNNff cbfntaf/] JofVof ul/g'sf ;fy} o:tf cbfntx¿sf cfwf/e"t clwsf/af/]pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . GofofwLzx¿sf] of]Uotfaf/] oxfF j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . k|wfg GofofwLz /fi6«kltåf/flgo'Qm x'G5 t/ of] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] ;Nnfxaf6 x'g'kb{5 . ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\df clxn] k|wfgdGqL,k|wfg GofofwLz -jf k|wfg GofofwLz lgo'Qm ug{ 'k/] Gofo dGqL -wf/f !$( x]g' {xf];\__, ;efd'v / k|wfgdGqLåf/frog ul/Psf cGo tLg dGqL / ljkIfL bnsf] g]tf ;lDdlnt x'g]5g\ . cGo GofofwLzx¿ Gofo kl/ifb\sf]l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm x'g]5g\, h;df k|wfg GofofwLz, Gofo dGqL, ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf csf{ GofofwLz, Pssfg"gljb\ / Ps clwjQmf ;dfj]z x' 'g]5g\ . ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] b'O{ltxfO dtaf6 dxfleof]u kfl/t ePdf kbd'Qm x'g]5g\ . cGo GofofwLzx¿nfO{ Gofo kl/ifb\n] v/facfr/0f jf cGo sf/0fsf cfwf/df kbaf6 d'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . s]xL ckjfbafx]s GofofwLzx¿n]Gofo;DaGwLafx]s c¿ sfd ug{ 'x' Fb}g .o; efudf Dff}lns xssf] ;+/If0fsf] lglDt ;jf] {Rr cbfntdf lglxt dxTjk"0f{ clwsf/;DaGwL k|fjwfgaf/]klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} klg gful/snfO{ s'g} lgod–sfg"g ;+ljwfg ljkl/t 5 eGg] nfu]df To:tf]k|fjwfg ab/ 3f]if0ff ug{ dfu ub} { cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg] clwsf/ 5 . cbfntn] To:tf] sfg"g eljiodfnfu" x'g] 5}g egL eGg ;S5, t/ o:tf] cbfntL lg0f{o x'g'cl3 pQm sfg"gcg';f/ ePsf lg0f{ox¿ eg]oyfjt\ /xg] 5g\ . df}lns xsx¿ Nffu" ug{ cbfntn] cfb]z hf/L ug{ klg ;Sg]5 / of] gful/sclwsf/df dfq ;Lldt x'g]5}g .To;}u/L, GofofwLzafx]s Gofo ;]jfsf cGo ;b:ox¿sf] lgo'lQmsf] lglDt Ps Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] u7gx'g]5 . o; lgsfodf Gofo kl/ifb\df ePsf ;b:ox¿ h:t} ;b:ox¿ x'g]5g\, h;df nf]s;]jf cfof]usf]cWoIf / dxfGofoflwjQmf klg ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ .;jf] {Rr cbfntn] k|To]s jif{ cfk\mgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt;dIf k]z ug{ 'kg] { x'G5 . k|ltj]bgdf btf{ePsf d'2fsf] ;ª\Vof;lxt km:of] {6 eP–gePsf d'2fsf] ;ª\Vof tyf ;jf] {RRf cbfntaf6 dftxtsf] s'g}GofofwLzsf] Gofo ;Dkfbgaf/] Goflos l6Kk0fL ePsf] eP Tof] klg pNn]v ug' {kg] { x'G5 .;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg;DaGwL ph'/L x]g{ Pp6f ljz]if cbfnt u7g ul/g] 5 . of] gofF Joj:yfsf ¿kdfyk ul/Psf] xf] .23

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 11 is about the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority. Thisimportant body is designed to investigate people who have been accused of havingdone something wrong or being corrupt, when they are holding some public office.The President appoints the members of the Commission – but the recommendationmust come from the Constitutional Council. Members must be at least 45 years oldand experienced in some area of life like engineering or law or accounting. They mustnot be members of a political party, and must have a good character – they must not beknown to have done wrong things. So that the members can be fearless in theirinvestigations they cannot be easily dismissed – in this they are like Supreme CourtJustices. They only hold the job for 6 years. What could the Commission do if it thoughtthat someone had done wrong? It can report the person to their department, or otherbody like the Public Service Commission for disciplinary action. And they can take acase to court. Every year they must report on their activities to the President.Part 12 is about the Auditor General, whose responsibility, like that of theCommission in Part 11, is to ensure accountability of government and public officials.He or she is appointed rather in the same way as Commission members, and it ishard to dismiss him or her. The work of the office is to check on the way money hasbeen spent – was it spent on the purposes that had been approved by the law and bythe relevant ministry? He or she must look at the expenditure by the government, thelegislature, the military, the courts and many other public bodies. As well as seeingwhether the law has been obeyed, and proper accounting standards applied, theAuditor-General must decide whether the use of the money has been effective andefficient. So the idea is to see not only whether there has been corruption or illegalitybut also whether the public are getting value for their money.Part 13 is on the Public Service Commission, which has some important functions inconnection with the civil service. It conducts the exams for entry into the civil service,and it gives advice about appointments generally and about individuals. Half of itsmembers must have worked in the public service for over 20 years and the rest mustbe people from other walks of life. Like other commissions its members serve for 6years, and the Commission must make an annual report.Part 14 is about the Election Commission, which runs elections – and will be in chargeof the election for the Constituent Assembly. Their responsibilities include registeringvoters, and political parties, and preparing laws about the elections, to be passed bythe Legislature Parliament. Like other commissions, the members are appointed bythe Prime Minister but the names come from the Constitutional Council. There mustbe a Chief Commissioner and could be as many as four other commissioners.24

]{{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !! clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u;DaGwL 5 . s'g} ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmnfO{cg'lrt sfo{ jf e|i6rf/ u/]sf] ] cleof]u nfu] To;af/] 5fgaLg ug{ of] dxTjk"0f{ lgsfosf] :yfkgful/Psf] xf] . /fi6«kltn] cfof]usf ;b:ox¿sf] lgo'lQm ug] {5 t/ – To;sf nflu ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf]l;kmfl/; cfjZos k5{ . cfof]usf ;b:ox¿ slDtdf $% jif{ k'u]sf / OlGhlgol/Ë, n]vf jf sfg"gsf]If]qdf cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf x'g' kb{5 . pgLx¿ s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o gePsf] / pRr g}ltsrl/q sfod ePsf] x'g' kb{5 . cyf{t\, s'g} uDeL/ ck/fwdf ;+nUg gePsf] x'gkb{5 tfls ;b:ox¿;lhn} kbd'Qm x'g] eo/lxt eP/ 5fgaLgdf h'6\g ;s"g\ . o; cy{df pgLx¿ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsfGofofwLzx¿ h:t} x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] kbfjlw 5 jif{sf] nflu x'g]5 . cfof]unfO{ s'g} JolQmn] unt sfdu/]sf] 5 eGg] nfu] o;n] s] ug{ ;S5 < o:tf] cj:yfdf cfof]un] To:tf JolQmsf ljefudf cyjfnf]s;]jf cfof]udf cg'zf;gsf] sf/afxLsf lglDt n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 . cfof]un] o:tf d'2fnfO{ cbfntdfklg nfg ;Sg]5 . cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug] {5 .efu !@ df dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf/] pNn]v 5 . efu !! df pNn]lvt cfof]usf] h:t} dxfn]vfk/LIfssf]lhDd]jf/L klg ;/sf/ / ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] pQ/bfloTj ;'lglZrt ug' { xf] .dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm klg cfof]usf ;b:ox¿sf] lgo'lQm h:t} u/L x'G5 / dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{kbd'Qm ug' { sl7g 5 . dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{nosf] sfd ljif]z p2]Zosf] lglDt lgwf{l/t ah]6sfg"g;Ddt 9Ëaf6 tyf ;DalGwt dGqfnoaf6 to ePcg';f/ vr{ eP gePsf] s'/f k/LIf0f ug{ ' xf] .dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 ;/sf/, Joj:yflksf, g]kfnL ;]gf, cbfntx¿ tyf cGo w]/} ;fj{hlgs lgsfox¿sfvr{sf] k/LIf0f x'G5 . To;afx]s, dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] ljleGGf sfof{nox¿sf] vr{ sfg"g;Ddt eP gePsf],n]vfk/LIf0f;DaGwL pko'Qm dfgs k|of]u eP gePsf] s'/fnufot /sd k|efjsf/L tyf ;Ifd 9Ëaf6k|of]u ul/Psf] 5, 5}g eGg]af/] lg0f{o ug{ ' kb{5 . t;y{, o;sf] p2]Zo cIfdtfaf6 e|i6rf/ eP gePsf]k/LIf0f ug] {afx]s hgtfn] a'emfPsf] /fh:j cg'¿k pgLx¿n] ;]jf k|fKt ul//x]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg] s'/fklg x]g] { xf] .efu !# df nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf/] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5, h;sf dxTjk"0f{ sfdx¿ lghfdtL ;]jf;Fuhf]l8Psf 5g\ . cfof]un] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] lglDt k/LIff ;~rfng ug] {, / lgo'lQm tyfa9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug] { ub{5 . cfof]usf ;b:ox¿dWo] cfwf aL; jif{;Dd ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf /cfwf /fli6«o hLjgdf Voflt k|fKt u/]sf JolQmx¿dWo]af6 lgo'Qm x'g]5g\ . cGo cfof]udf h:t} o;cfof]usf ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw klg 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 / cfof]un] jlif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ug' {kb{5 .efu !$ df lgjf{rg cfof]uaf/] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5, h;n] ;+ljwfg ;efnufot :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg;~rfng u/fpF5 . o;sf lhDd]jf/Lx¿df dtbftf gfdfjnL ;ª\sng ug] { Tfyf /fhgLlts bnx¿ btf{ ug]/ Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] kfl/t ug] { u/L lgjf{rg;DaGwL sfg"g tof/ ug{ ] /x]sf] 5 . cGo cfof]ux¿df h:t}k|wfgdGqLaf6 o;sf cfo'Qmx¿sf] lgo'lQm x'G5, t/ To;sf lglDt ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\af6 gfd k|:tfljtx'g]5 . cfof]udf Ps k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / a9Ldf cGo rf/ lgjf{rg cfo'Qmx¿ x'g]5g\ .25

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSChapter 15 is about the National Human Rights Commission. The Commission hasexisted for some time but this is the first time it has been mentioned in the Constitution.There must be a chairman (who must be a retired Chief Justice or Supreme CourtJudges) and 4 other members. The other members must have experience in humanrights work or social work. Members must come from a wide range of backgrounds– including women. They are appointed by the President – on the recommendationof the Constitutional Council. The work of the Human Rights Commission is toinvestigate accusations of human rights violations, to make recommendations toauthorities to take action, including punishment of people who have violated humanrights, to suggest taking action in court for human rights violations, and to publicisehuman rights – working with civil society. It is also supposed to study the laws ofNepal to see whether they meet human rights standards. They are to give advice tothe country on becoming a party to human rights treaties. And they are to monitorhow the government complies with human rights treaties and make proposal forimproving the country's human rights performance. The Commission is given somespecial powers to do its work. It can call people to give it information. It can enterpremises to find evidence. It can order compensation to people who have sufferedbecause of human rights violations. It is supposed not to inquire into anything thatis dealt with the Army Act – which deals with the administration and disciple of theArmy. But on the other hand, this does not apply if there is a violation of humanrights (or humanitarian law). It must report annually to the President on the PrimeMinister's recommendation.Chapter 16 is about the Attorney General who is the legal advisor of the Government.He or she gives advice to the Government itself and to other public bodies and canappear in court as the government's lawyer. There are other functions includinginvestigating a complaint that a person who was in prison or somehow in custodywas treated in a way that violated human rights. And the Attorney General issupposed to watch the work of the Supreme Court and how it interprets and appliesthe law (but it does not say what the Attorney General is to do with this information).The Attorney General can go to the Legislature Parliament and express any viewsbefore it. The Attorney General is appointed by the Prime Minister and can bedismissed by the Prime Minister. He or she must have qualifications that are goodenough that he or she could be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court.26

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !% /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u;DaGwL 5 . cfof]usf] cl:tTj s]xL ;dootf /lxcfPsf] ePtfklg klxnf] k6s of] ;+j}wflgs cËsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . o;df Ps cWoIf -hf] ;]jf lgj[Qk|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz x'g' kb{5_ . o;df c? rf/ hgf ;b:ox¿ x'g]5g\ .;b:ox¿df dfgj clwsf/ jf ;dfh ;]jfsf] cg'ej x'g'kb{5 . dlxnf;lxt ;b:ox¿ ljljw k[i7e"ldaf6cfPsf] x'g' kg] {5 . ;b:ox¿ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfgdGqLaf6 lgo'Qm x'g]5g\ . /fli6«odfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf sfdx¿df dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gsf ph'/Laf/] 5fgaLg tyf cg';Gwfgug] {, dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3g ug] { JolQmnfO{ b08 lbg]nufot cGo sf/afxLsf nflu clwsf/Lju{dfl;kmfl/; ug] {, dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g ug] {nfO{ cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfpg ;'emfj lbg], dfgj clwsf/af/]k|rf/–k|;f/ ug] { tyf gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;xsfo{ ug] { cflb k|d'v 5g\ . cfof]un] g]kfndf k|rlntsfg"gx¿ dfgj clwsf/sf dfgsx¿;Fu d]n vfG5g\ ls vfFb}gg\ eGg] cWoog ug' { kb{5 . ;fy}, dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL ;lGw–;Demf}tfsf k|fjwfgx¿ ;/sf/af6 s;/L ckgfOPsf] 5 eGg]af/] cfof]un] cg'udgug{ 'sf ;fy} b]zdf eO/x]sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] kfngfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg k|:tfj k]z ug' {kb{5 . cfof]unfO{cfk\mgf] sfd ug{ s]xL ljz]if clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . cfk"mnfO{ { ;"rgf pknJw u/fpg o;n] hgtf;FucfXjfg ug{ ;Sg]5 . /, dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gsf] k|df0f h'6fpg s'g} JolQmsf] cfjf; jf sfof{nodfk|j]z ug{ ;Sg]5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gaf6 kLl8t ePsfnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpg o;n] cfb]zlbg;Sg] 5 . ;}lgs P]gsf] If]qflwsf/sf] ljifodf eg] cfof]un] 5fgaLg ug] { 5}g — h'g ;}lgs k|zf;g /cg'zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . t/ csf] {lt/, dfgj clwsf/ / dfgjtfjfbL sfg"gsf] pNnª\3g ePsf]cj:yfdf eg] clwsf/sf] o:tf] s6f}tL nfu" x'g] 5}g . t/ dfgj clwsf/ -dfgljo sfg'g_ sf] pNn‹gePsf] cj:yfdf of] nfu" x' Fb}g . cfof]un] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«klt;dIf jflif{s k|ltj]bg k]zug{ ' kb{5 .efu !^ dxfGofoflwjQmf;Fu ;DaGwL 5, hf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/ x'g] 5 . ;/sf/tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs lgsfonfO{ sfg"gL ;Nnfx k|bfg ug] {afx]s dxfGofoflwjQmfaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf]tk{maf6 k|lt/Iff x'g]5 . lx/f;tdf ePsf JolQmnfO{ dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ gul/Psf] ph"/L k/] To;af/] klgdxfGofoflwjQmfaf6 cg';Gwfg ug] { sfd x'g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmfn] ;jf] {Rr cbfntaf6 x'g] sfd sf/afxLx]g] {afx]s sfg"gsf] s;/L JofVof tyf k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;'k/Lj]If0f ug' {kg] { x'G5 -t/ Tof];"rgfnfO{ dxfGofoflwjQmfaf6 s;/L k|of]u x'g]af/] eg] :ki6 ul/Psf] 5}g_ . dxfGofoflwjQmfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf hfg ;S5 / s'g} klg b[li6sf]0f /fVg ;Sg]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmf k|wfgdGqLaf6 lgo'Qm x'g]5 /jvf{:t klg x'g ;Sg]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] of]Uotf ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cfjZos kg]of]Uotf;/x x'g' kb{5 .27

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 17 is called “Form of State and Local Self Governance". One Article of this isabout Nepal becoming a federal state. At first it said that the Constituent Assemblywould decide this, but the Interim Constitution was changed so that it now saysNepal will be a federal state. But it does not give any details. It does say that the statemust be re-structured to remove discrimination. A High Level Commission is to beappointed to make proposals on the details of the restructuring. The part also dealswith local government. It says that the political parties must agree on a system oflocal self-government at the District, Municipality and Village levels. This is to be aninterim arrangement – which must mean until the Constituent Assembly has madefinal recommendations. Responsibilities – and the resources needed to carry themout – must be shared between the national government and the other levels. Thewhole system must ensure fair development, and especially it must take care of thebackward groups. A new law is needed about this local government system. The 5 thamendment says that there must be elections for local government bodies, thoughno time limit is given.Part 18 is about political parties. It says people have a right to form political parties.And no law must interfere with this. Also no law must permit a one-party system inNepal. In order to be able to register, a political party must support the spirit of thepreamble – we looked at this earlier. The parties must show that they are democratic–including having elections for their officers at least once in 5 years. And they mustsupply information about their sources of finance, and about their manifesto – thatis their appeal to the voters. There are some other restrictions on registering a party;these include a rule that there must be no discrimination about party membershipon the basis of religion, caste, tribe, language or sex. This means that there cannot bea women-only party or a party for Dalits only. And the party cannot be registered ifits purposes or its symbols are likely to disturb the religious or communal harmonyor might divide the country, or if it is formed to push for a no-party state or a onepartystate. If they want to contest election, parties must register with the ElectionCommission. For the Constituent Assembly elections, a new party must produce thesignatures of 10,000 people in support – but this does not apply to the parties thathave members in the Legislature Parliament now.28

}g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !& df /fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gaf/] JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] Ps Joj:yf g]kfnsf];‹Lo k'g;{ +/rgfsf ;DjGwdf 5 . klxn] ;+ljwfg;efn] o;sf] lg0f{o u5{ eGg] lyof] eg] cGtl/d;+ljwfgdf ePsf] ;+zf]wgdf g]kfndf ;‹Lo zf;g k|0ffnL x'g]5 egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5, t/ o;sf]lj:t[t JofVof eg] 5}g . o;n] e]befj cGTo ug{ /fHosf] k'g;+ {/rgf ug{ cfjZos ePsf] eGg] s'/fpNn]v ub{5 . /fHosf] k'g;+ {/rgfaf/] lj:t[t ;'emj lbg Ps pRr:t/Lo cfof]usf] u7g x'g] 5 . o;efudf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gaf/] klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;df lhNnf, gu/ / ufpF:t/df :yfgLolgsfo u7g ug{ /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;xdlt x'g' kb{5 eGg] s'/f pNn]v 5 . ;+ljwfg ;efn] clGtdlg0f{o gu/];Dd of] cGtl/d Joj:yfkg x'g]5 . o; sfdnfO{ cfjZos kg] { lhDd]jf/L tyf ;|f]t;fwg/fli6«o ;/sf/ / cGo txsf lgsfox?aLr afF8kmfF8 x'g'kb{5 . ;Dk"0f{ k|0ffnLn] klxn] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;;'lglZrt ug' {kb{5, ljz]if u/L o;n] lk5l8Psf ju{ jf ;d"xnfO{ Wofg lbg' kb{5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gk|0ffnLsf lglDt Ps ljz]if sfg"gsf] cfjZostf kg] { x'G5 . kfFrf} + ;+zf]wgn] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgug] { s'/f ub{5, oBlk To;sf] ;do ;Ldf tf]lsPsf] 5}g .efu !* /fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . gful/sx¿df /fhgLlts bn vf]Ng] clwsf/ x'g]5 /g]kfndf Ps bnLo k|0ffnL cjnDag x'g] 5}g eGg] s'/f of] efudf pNn]v 5 . /fhgLlts bn vf]Ngsf]lglDt ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf ePsf] efjgf / dd{nfO{ cËLsf/ ug' {kg] { x'G5 — h;af/] xfdLn] cufl8 g]rrf{ ul/;s]sf 5f} + . /fhgLlts bnx¿ Nff]stflGqs x'g'afx]s kfFr jif{df Psk6s bnsf k|To]s txsfkbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgjf{rg x'g] Joj:yf ug{ ' kb{5 . bnx¿n] cf–cfk\mgf cfo ;|f]tsf ;fy} 3f]if0ffkqaf/]hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5, h'g dtbftfx¿sf] lglDt cfsif{s x'g ;S5 . /fhgLlts bn btf{ ug] { ;Gbe{dfs]xL aGb]hx¿ 5g\, h;dWo] s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ wd{, hft, hflt, efiff jf lnËsf]cfwf/df e]befj x'g' gx'g] lgod Ps xf] . o;sf] cy{ dlxnf dfqsf] cyjf blnt dfqsf] /fhgLlts bnx'g] 5}g . s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] p2]Zo jf o;sf] em08f jf lrXgn] wfld{s jf ;fDk|bflos PstfnfO{vnn kfg] { jf b]znfO{ ljv08g ug] { jf lgb{nLo jf PsbnLo Joj:yfnfO{ ;Dj4{g / ;+/If0f ug] { /x]5 eg]To:tf] bnnfO{ btf{ u/fOg] 5}g . lgjf{rgdf efu lng rfxg] /fhgLlts bnx¿n] lgjf{rg cfof]udf btf{ug{ ' kg] {5 . ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] lglDt gofF /fhgLlts bnn] !),))) ;dy{sx¿sf] x:tfIf/k|:t't ug{ ' kg] {5 t/ — Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf ;b:o ePsf bnx¿nfO{ o;f] ug{ ' kg] {5}g .29

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 19 is about arrangements for dealing with situations of emergency. This may beby war, invasion, armed rebellion or “extreme economic disarray" – it does notmention natural disaster like earthquake or floods. In such a situation the Councilof Ministers can declare a “state of emergency" which will give them extra powers tocope with the situation and also enable them to ignore some of the human rights inPart 4. The state of emergency must be approved by the Legislature Parliamentwithin one month and can't last for more than 3 months without further approvalfrom the Legislature. Two-thirds of the Legislature Parliament must vote for thestate of emergency if it is to be valid. If any official causes damage, like damagingproperty to prepare defences against invasion, the person whose property wasdamaged can claim compensation.Part 20 is about the army. The President is the Supreme Commander, and office thatused to be held by the King but was not mentioned in the Interim Constitution untilthe most recent changes. This is presumably a purely honorary appointment withno real powers. It says that the commander in chief is appointed by the Council ofMinisters, and the Council of Ministers manages the Army. The Council of Ministersmust prepare, and carry out, a plan for the democratization of the Army; the planmust have the consent of the political parties and the Council of Ministers mustconsult the relevant committee of the Legislature-Parliament about it. This planmust include training for the army in democracy and human rights. There must bea National Defence Council which makes recommendations to the Council ofMinisters about the Army. The Defence Council consists of 6 Ministers (the PrimeMinister, the Defence and Home Ministers and 3 others). If the Army is brought intoaction (except to deal with a natural disaster) this must be approved by a specialcommittee of the Legislature Parliament within one month. The Council of Ministersmust form a special committee to deal with the question of integrating andrehabilitating the Maoist Army. Other matters about the Maoist Army must be doneas agreed in the peace agreements. The 5 th Amendment of the Constitution says thatthere must be a law to ensure “enlisting of Madhesi, indigenous ethnic groups,Dalits, women, and people from backward and other regions into the armed forceson the basis of the principles of equality and inclusiveness".Part 21 says that the Interim Constitution can be changed by a vote of at least twothirdsof those members of the Legislature Parliament who are present at the time ofthe vote. This procedure was used to change the Constitution six times between2007 and 2008.30

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !( df ;ª\s6sfnLg clwsf/x¿af/] pNn]v 5 . o:tf] l:ylt o'4, afXo cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljb|f]x, jfær/d cfly{s lj>[ª\vntfÆ af6 pTkGg x'g;S5 -oxfF e'OFrfnf] tyf af9L–klx/f] h:tf] k|fs[ltsk|sf]kaf/] pNn]v ePsf] 5}g_ . o:tf] cj:yfdf dlGqkl/ifb\n] æ;ª\s6sfnÆ 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg]5 . o:tf]l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ o;n] dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ cltl/Qm clwsf/ k|bfg ug{ 'sf ;fy} efu $ df pNn]lvtsltko df}lns clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t lgnDag ug{ ] clwsf/ lbg ;Sg]5 . ;ª\s6sfn nfu" ePsf] Psdlxgfleq Jo:yflksf–;+;bn] To;nfO{ cg'df]bg ug{ 'kg] { x'G5 / ;+;bsf] k'gM cg'df]bglagf of] tLgdlxgfeGbf a9L sfod /xFb}g . 3f]if0ff j}w x'g o;nfO{ Jo:yflksf–;+;bsf b'O{ ltxfO ;b:on] kIfdfdtbfg ug' {kg] { x'G5 . ;ª\s6sfndf s'g} clwsf/Laf6 s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ Iflt eP kLl8t JolQmn]Ifltk"lt{ dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .efu @) df ;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yfaf/] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . /fi6«klt ;jf] {Rr sdf08/ /xG5 . of] kb/fhfn] u|x0f ug] { ub{y] t/ xfn}sf] kl/jt{geGbf cl3 o;af/] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] lyPg .of] s'g} jf:tljs clwsf/ gePsf] ;fFlRrs} dfgfy{ lgo'lQmsf] ?kdf dflgPsf] 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\n] g]kfnL;]gfsf] k|wfg ;]gfklt lgo'Qm ug] { / ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkg x'g]5 eGg]s'/f o;df pNn]v 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\n]g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stfGqLs/0fsf] lglDt sfo{of]hgf th{ 'df u/L sfof{Gjog ug] {5 . o;sf lglDt /fhgLltsbnx¿sf] cg'df]bgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 / dlGqkl/ifbn] o;af/] Jo:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;DalGwt ;ldlt;Fuk/fdz{ ug' {kg] { x'G5 . sfo{of]hgfn] ;]gfnfO{ nf]stGq / dfgj clwsf/sf] d"No tyf dfGotfaf/] k|lzlIftug] { sfo{ ;dfj]z ug' {kb{5 . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng ug] { ;Gbe{df dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ Ps/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] u7g x'g]5 . /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\df 5 dGqL /xg]5g\ -k|wfgdGqL, /Iff dGqL, u[xdGqL / cGo tLg dGqL_ . g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng ePsf] v08df -Kf|fs[lts ljkbdf afx]s_ Tof] lg0f{onfO{Jo:yflksf–;+;bsf] ljz]if ;ldltn] Ps dlxgfleq cg'df]bg ug' {kg] { x'G5 . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf];dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgsf] lglDt dlGqkl/ifb\n] Ps ljz]if ;ldltsf] u7g ug' {kg] { x'G5 . dfcf]jfbL;]gfaf/] cGo s'/f ;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ul/g'kg] {5 . kfFrf} + ;+zf]wgn] æg]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o :j?k k|bfg ug{ / ;dfj]zL agfpg dw]zL, cflbjf;Lhghflt, blnt, dlxnf, lk5l8Psf If]q nufotsf hgtfsf] k|j]z ;dfgtf / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsfcfwf/dfÆ sfg'gdf Joj:yf u/L ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .efu @! Dff ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgaf/] JofVof ul/Psf] 5, h;df pNn]v ePcg';f/ Jo:yflksf–;+;bdfpkl:yt sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ;b:ox¿sf] dtbfgaf6 cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/fnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{;lsg]5 . @)^# b]lv @)^% sf] aLrdf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf 5 k6s ;+zf]wg ug{ of] sfo{ljlwk|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] .31

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 22 is called “Miscellaneous", and it does various things. It creates theConstitutional Council. This is made up of the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice, theSpeaker of the Legislature Parliament and three Ministers chosen by the Prime Minister(and the Leader of the Opposition added in 2008).. The Part says that the Council ofMinisters recommends to the President names of people for appointment as NepaleseAmbassadors. The Council of Ministers also has the power to recommend that thePresident pardon people convicted of criminal offences, and if anyone is convictedthey can suspend the sentence, or change the sentence to something less serious oreven say that the person will not serve the sentence at all. Any honours or titlesgiven by the state are formally given by the President, following the recommendationof the Council of Ministers. It is not clear if he also decides on the honours. No Nepalcitizen can accept any honour from a foreign country without Nepal governmentapproval. The Government can create the civil service and any other services neededto run the country. There must be a law to deal with this. The Government may setup special commissions to protect the rights of women, Dalits, Janajatis, Madhesis,disabled, labourers or farmers and others. When any person is appointed to be amember of any commission there must be a hearing before the Legislature Parliament.A law must deal with this. There is also a rule about qualifications for peopleappointed to positions under the Constitution: they must be citizens and must, ifthey are naturalised citizens, have lived in Nepal for 10 years.There is also a rule about approval of treaties entered into by Nepal. If they deal withcertain important topics, including peace, security, the boundaries of Nepal or naturalresources, they must be approved by two-thirds of all the members of the LegislatureParliament. There is also a provision for a referendum (a vote of all the people) ifsome matter of national importance is to be decided. The Constituent Assembly canrefer such a matter to the people in this way – unless the Constitution says that thematter must be decided in some other way. There has been some discussion about areferendum to decide on future of the monarchy. But this is said in the Constitutionto be decided by the Constituent Assembly itself, so the Constitution would have tobe changed in order for this question to be referred to a referendum. There is a finalprovision which says that if there is any difficulty in connection with implementationof the Constitution, the Council of Ministers could issue any orders to remove thedifficulties. The Council of Ministers can recommend necessary action to thePresident to remove the difficulties – but this must be approved by the Legislature-Parliament within in a month.32

+g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu @@ df ljljw s'/fx¿af/] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o; wf/fdf ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\af/] Joj:yf 5 .kl/ifb\df k|wfgdGqL, k|wfg GofofwLz, Jo:yflksf–;+;bsf ;efd'v, / k|wfgdGqLåf/f rog ePsf tLghgf cGo dGqL -/, @))* df ljkIfL bnsf] g]tfnfO{ yk ul/Psf]_ x'g]5g\ . o; efudf dlGqkl/ifb\n]/fi6«kltnfO{ g]kfnL /fhb"tx?sf] gfd l;/kmfl/; ug] { s'/f pNn]v 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\;Fu ;hfoFnfO{ dfkmL,d'ntjL, kl/jt{g jf sd ug{ /fi6«klt ;dIf kl;kmfl/; ug] { clwsf/ x'g]5 . /fHoåf/f k|bfg ul/g] s'g}pkflw / ;Ddfg dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 k|bfg ul/g]5 . o:tf pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0fs–s;nfO{ lbg] eGg] lg0f{o k|wfgdGqLaf6 g} x'g]5 eGg] ] k|i6 ul/Psf] 5}g . To;}u/L, g]kfn ;/sf/af6:jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L g]kfnsf] s'g} gful/sn] s'g} ljb]zL d'n'ssf] ;/sf/af6 k|bfg ul/g] pkflw, ;Ddfg/ lje"if0f u|x0f ug' { x' Fb}g eGg] k|fjwfg 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] d'n'ssf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{ lghfdtL ;]jf/ cfjZos cGo ;]jfx¿sf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . of] P]gdf Joj:yf ePcg';f/ x'g]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n]dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, ckfË, dhb'/ jf ls;fgnufot cGo ;d"xsf xs lxt ;+/If0fug{ ljz]if cfof]ux¿ Uf7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbdf lgo'Qm x'g'cl3 pgL+x¿af/] sfg"gdfJoj:yf ePadf]lhd ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO x'g]5 . of] ljBdfg sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . o:tf kbdf lgo'lQm x'gsf]nflu s]xL of]Uotfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 h:tf] lsM pgLx¿ g]kfnsf] gful/s x'g'kb{5 . To:tf JolQmx¿n]cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] eP pgLx¿ sDtLdf bz jif{ g]kfndf a;]sf] x'g'kb{5 .g]kfnåf/f ;lGw cg'df]bg ul/g] k|fjwfg klg o;df 5 . zflGt, ;'/Iff, g]kfn /fHosf] l;dfgf jf k|fs[lts;|f]t h:tf dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfnfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf] b'O{ltxfO ax'dtn] cg'df]bg ug' {kg] { x'G5 . o; wf/fdf /fli6«o dxTjsf s'g} ljifodf lg0f{o ug' {k/] hgdt-;a} hgtfn] dtbfg ug] {_ ;ª\u|xsf] k|fjwfg klg ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfgdf cGoGq Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s;+ljwfg ;efn] To:tf] ljifonfO{ hg;dIf /fVg ;Sg]5 . hgdt ;ª\u|xåf/f /fh;+:yfsf] eljio lg0f{oug] {af/] klg s]xL ax; eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ o;af/] lg0f{o ;+ljwfg ;efn] ug] {5 eGg] s'/f cGtl/d;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Psf]n] hgdt ;ª\u|xåf/f To;f] ug{ ] xf] eg] ;+ljwfgdf ;'wf/ ug' {kg] { x'G5 .dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fi6«klt ;dIf afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg l;kmfl/; ug{ ;S5 t/ Tof] Ps dlxgfleqJoj:yflksf–;+;b\af6 cg'df]bg x'g'kb{5 .33

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 23 deals with what are called “Transitional Issues". This means things thatmust be done because there is a new constitution and a new situation in the country.Origianally it said that these are: the King has no powers in connection withgovernment; and the Prime Minister is the person responsible for the governance ofthe country. In fact, when the Constitution was amended for the third time, inDecember 2007, the Prime Minister was made Head of State until the republicanstatus of Nepal is implemented by the Constituent Assembly. Finally the King wasremoved by the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly. All property of late KingBirendra, late Queen Aishwarya and other members of their family must be put in atrust so that the property can be used for the benefit of the nation. All propertyacquired by King Gyanendra as King must be nationalized. The existing Council ofMinisters was to continue until a new one was created under this Constitution. Assoon as the Constitution was adopted by the House of Representatives the existingParliament was to be dissolved and the new Legislature Parliament was to sit on thesame day. Any Bills for new laws being considered by the old parliament would betransferred to the new. Existing judges remained in office and continued to hearcases but had to take a new oath of office under the Interim Constitution. Any judgewho refused would lose his or her job. There must be gradual reforms in courts tomake the system, “independent, clean, impartial and competent". Existingconstitutional bodies would continue. The Human Rights Commission wouldcontinue until a new one was set up under the Constitution. All existing lawswould continue. But any laws that are not consistent with the Constitution cease tobe valid after three months – but if only part of a law is inconsistent then only thatpart is invalid.Part 24 defines a few words that are used in the Constitution. Chapter 25 says thatthe Interim Constitution must be passed by the House of Representatives andapproved by the new Legislature Parliament (which happened on January 15 2007).And the 1990 Constitution ceases to exist.The Constitution also has some Schedules. The first gives details of the nationalflag. One gives the text of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and another the textof the Agreement on Arms Monitoring.34

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu @# df ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yfaf/] JofVof ul/Psf] 5, . cyf{t\ b]zdf gofF kl/l:ylt / ;+ljwfgePsf]n] s]xL ug' {kg] { x'G5 . ;'?df o;df pNn]v eP cg';f/ o;dWo] Pp6f d'2f /fh;+:yf;DaGwL 5 ./fhf;Fu clxn] ;/sf/;DaGwL s'g} clwsf/ 5}g, d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yf / ;~rfng;DaGwL ;a}clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLdf lglxt 5 . jf:tjdf @)^$ k';df t];|f] k6s cGtl/d ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ul/Fbf;+ljwfg ;efaf6 u0ftGqsf] sfof{Gjog gx' Fbf;Ddsf nflu k|wfgdGqLnfO{ /fi6« k|d'v agfOof] . cGttM;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7saf6 /fhf x6fOP . o;df :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb, /fgL P]Zjo{ / lghx¿sf;DklQx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf NofO{ 6«i6 agfP/ /fi6«lxtdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf klgul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L, /fhf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ k|fKt ePsf ;a} ;DklQx¿ /fli6«os/0f ul/g]5 . jt{dfg;+ljwfgcGtu{t csf] { dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g geP;Dd ljBdfg dlGqkl/ifb\ sfod /xg]5 . of] ;+ljwfg hf/LePkl5 tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw;ef / /fli6«o;ef :jtM lj36g x'g]5 / ;f]xL lbg o; ;+ljwfgadf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7s a:g]5 . of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x' Fbf k|ltlglw;efdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sfljw]osx¿ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf x:tfGt/0f x'g]5g\ . of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5axfn /x]sf GofofwLzx¿n] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgk|lt k|ltj4tfsf] zky u|x0f ug{ ' kg] {5 . zky u|x0f ug{c:jLsf/ ug] { GofofwLz :jtM cfk\mgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 . GofokflnsfnfO{ :jtGq, :jR5, lgikIf /;an agfpg Gofo If]qnfO{ qmdzM ;'wf/ ub} { n}hfg' kg] {5 . of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' Fbf ljBdfg ;+j}wflgslgsfox¿ sfod /xg]5g\ . of] ;+ljwfg cg'¿k Joj:yf ul/Psf] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u u7ggeP;Dd ljBdfg /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u sfod /xg]5 . ljBdfg ;a} sfg"gx¿ sfod /xg] 5g\ .t/ ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf sfg"gx? of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] tLg dlxgfkl5 :jtM cdfGo x'g]5g\ .efu @$ df ;+ljwfgdf k|of]u ePsf s]xL zJbx¿sf] JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . efu @% df cGtl/d;+ljwfgnfO{ k|ltlglw;efn] hf/L u/L Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cg'df]bg ug] {5 eGg] s'/f pNn]v 5 . /, g]kfnclw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .;+ljwfgdf s]xL cg';"rLx¿ Kflg ;+nUg ul/Psf 5g\ . o:tf] klxnf] cg';"rLn] /fli6«o em08faf/] lj:t[tljj/0f k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . c¿ cg';"rLdWo] Pp6fdf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf tyf csf] {df xltof/ / ;]gfJoj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;Demf}tfsf] kf7 /x]sf] 5 .35

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSSOME COMMENTS ON THE TRANSLATIONOccasionally we have decided to put in square brackets the original Nepali word intransliterated form. One of these words is Janajati, which means a member of an ethnicgroup. It is used in Nepal to mean a person who is not a Bahun (Brahmin) or Chhetri,a Dalit or a member of the Madhesi community. Even the last is perhaps disputedbecause sometimes Madhesis class the Tharu community as being "Madhesi" but theTharus themselves may insist that they are to be identified as Janajati. Usually theword Janajati appears linked to the word Adivasi. That word means "indigenousethnic group". It is not for us to interpret the Interim Constitution, as opposed totranslating it. So we have put in brackets after an attempted translation whatever wordor words is/are in the original - usually Adivasi Janajati.Similarly we have indicated in brackets the use of the word kamaiyas or haliyas. Theseare both types of bonded labourers. The words are often used in English and simply totranslate them as "bonded labourers" or as "tillers" would not convey the full nature ofthe Nepali text. Again we have indicated in brackets the use of the phrase "HaruwaCharuwa". This is described on the website of Community Self Reliance Centre thus:"Haruwa is a system of hiring people for agriculture work with exploitative wages andCharuwa is a system of hiring people for grazing cattle of the landlords with exploitativewages."*We encountered something of a problem with the Comprehensive Peace Agreementand the Agreement on Arms Monitoring which are appended to the Constitution.The English text of the latter is the authentic text, so we should not change it. But onceor twice the English is quite frankly nonsense. In that case we have put what webelieve to be a more rational word in square brackets. You will find this in the Preamble("progressive political outlet [solution]") and in clause 4.1.2 ("Unsuitable [Unstable]devices").The Constitution is intended to implement the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.However we have not systematically compared the English text of the Constitutionwith the official translation of the CAP. Thus sometimes the two documents may slightlydiffer. We have made a few minor changes to the CPA translation - errors of usage oreven perhaps typographical errors in the original. Here again we have in a few instancessuggested a preferred word in square brackets. In Nepali it is unnecessary to set out"his or her" etc – possessives are neutral in terms of gender. In this translation we havechosen to use the clumsy "his/her" etc, or the ungrammatical "their", to avoid genderspecific language.Finally, non-readers of Nepali are requested to bear in mind that (apart from the ArmsAgreement) the only legally binding version is the Nepali, and no phrases that mightbe familiar from other systems of law should be assumed to bear the same legal meaningor have the same legal effect as they would in an English language statute.36* See http://www.csrcnepal.org/issues.htm. "Kamaiya" and "Haliya" are also briefly explained.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtINDICATING CHANGES MADE IN THE INTERIM CONSTITUTIONThe Interim Constitution as published here includes the changes made by the threeamending Acts: the Interim Constitution of Nepal (First Amendment), 2063 Chaitra 30 (April 13, 2007) the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment), 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment) 2064 Paush 13 (December 28, 2007). the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fifth Amendment) 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Sixth Amendment) 2065 Mangsir 26 (December 11, 2008)We have indicated what those changes were in the following ways: by means of a footnote indicating by which amendment the change was made(and indicating in the footnote what the original wording was) by emboldening changes made in the first amendment emboldening and underlining changes made by the second amendment using italics changes made by the third amendment. using emboldened and italics changes made by the fourth amendment. using emboldened, italics and underlined changes made by the third amendment. using italics and tinted changes made by the third amendment.cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ePsf ;+zf]wgx?af/] hfgsf/Lof] k':ts k|sflzt x' Fbf;Dd cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf tLgj6f ;+zf]wgx¿ ePsf 5g\M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^# r}t #) ut] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ h]7 #) ut] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ k'; !# ut] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ @)^% h]7 !% ut] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} + ;+zf]wg_ @)^% c;f/ @* ut] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -5}7f} + ;+zf]wg_ @)^% dª\l;/ @^ ut]xfdLn] tL ;+zf]wgx¿nfO{ lgDg lsl;dn] ;ª\s]t u/]sf 5f} +M s'g ;+zf]wgdf s] s] s'/f ;+zf]wg ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f kfbl6Kk0fL (footnote) åf/f pNn]v -/,kfbl6Kk0fLdf klxn]sf] Joj:yf ;d]t pNn]v_ u/]/ klxnf] ;+zf]wgsf ljifox¿nfO{ uf9f sfnf cIf/ (embolding) df /fv]/ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgsf ljifox¿nfO{ uf9f sfnf cIf/df tnaf6 wsf]{ (embolding andunderlining) lbP/t];|f] ;+zf]wgsf ljifox¿nfO{ 58\s] (italics) df /fv]/rf}yf] ;+zf]wgsf ljifox¿nfO{ uf9f sfnf cIf/df 58\s] (italics) df /fv]/kfFrf} + ;+zf]wgsf ljifox¿nfO{ uf9f sfnf cIf/ / 58\s] (italics) tyf tnaf6 wsf] { lbP/5}7f} + ;+zf]wgsf ljifox¿nfO{ lkmSsf cIf/df 58\s] (italics) kf/]/37

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTIONOF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTHAMENDMENTS

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f} + ;+zf]wg;lxt

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSPreamble 54Part 1 Preliminary 561. Constitution as the fundamental law 562. Sovereignty and state authority 563. Nation 564. State of Nepal 565. Language of the nation 566. National flag 587. National anthem etc 58Part 2 Citizenship 608. Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution 609. Naturalized or honorary citizenship 6210. Acquisition and termination of citizenship 6211. Citizenship team to be assigned 62Part 3 Fundamental Rights 6412. Right to freedom 6413. Right to equality 6614. Right against untouchability and racial discrimination 6615. Rights regarding publication, broadcasting and press 6816. Rights regarding environment and health 7017. Education and cultural rights 7018. Rights regarding employment and social security 7019. Right to property 7020. Rights of women 7221. Right to social justice 7222. Rights of children 7240

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtljifo ;"rLk|:tfjgf %%efu ! k|f/lDes %&!= ;+ljwfg d"n sfg"g %&@= ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf %&#= /fi6 %&$= g]kfn /fHo %&%= /fi6« efiff %&^= /fli6«o em08f %(&= /fli6«o ufg OToflb %(efu @ gful/stf ^!*= ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' Fbfsf avtsf] gful/stf ^!(= c+uLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stf ^#!)= gful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKt ^#!!= gful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg] ^#efu # df}lns xs ^%!@= :jtGqtfsf] xs ^%!#= ;dfgtfsf] xs ^&!$= 5'jf5't tyf hftLo e]befj lj?4sf] xs ^&!%= k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xs ^(!^= jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs &!!&= lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xs &!!*= /f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xs &!!(= ;DklQsf] xs &!@)= dlxnfsf] xs &#@!= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs &#@@= afnaflnsfsf] xs &#41

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS23. Right to religion 7424. Rights regarding justice 7425. Right against preventive detention 7626. Right against torture 7627. Right to information 7628. Right to privacy 7829. Right against exploitation 7830. Right Regarding labour 7831. Right against exile 7832. Right to constitutional remedy 78Part 4 Responsibilities, Directive Principles and Policies of the State 8033. Responsibilities of the State 8034. Directive Principles of the State 8435. State policies 8636. Questions not to be raised in court 92Part (4A) The President and Vice-President 9436A. President 9436B. Election of the President 9436C. Term of the President 9436D. Qualification of the President 9436E. Vacancy in office of President 9636F. Oath 9636G. Vice-President 9636H. Vacancy in office of the Vice-President 9636I. Other Provisions regarding the Vice-President 9836J. Remuneration and other benefits of the President and the Vice-President 9836k. Secretariat of the President and Vice-Presidnet 98Part 5 The Executive 10037. Executive power 10038. Constitution of the Council of Ministers 10039. State Ministers and Assistant Ministers 10440. Appointment of non-member of Legislature-Parliament as Minister 10441. Remuneration and other benefits 10442. Oath 10443. Conduct of business of the Government of Nepal 10444. The Council of Ministers after the formation of Constituent Assembly10642

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt@#= wd{ ;DaGwL xs &%@$= Gofo ;DaGwL xs &%@%= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xs &&@^= oftgf lj?4sf] xs &&@&= ;"rgfsf] xs &&@*= uf]kgLotfsf] xs &(@(= zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs &(#)= >d ;DaGwL xs &(#!= b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs &(#@= ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs &(efu $ /fHosf] bfloTj, lgb] {zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿ *!##= /fHosf] bfloTj *!#$= /fHosf lgb] {zs l;4fGtx¿ *%#%= /fHosf gLltx¿ *&#^= cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg g;lsg] (#efu $s= /fHosf] bfloTj, lgb] {zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿ (%#^s= /fi6«klt (%#^v= /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg (%#^u= /fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw (%#^3= /fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf (%#^ª= /fi6«kltsf] kb d'Qm x'g] cj:yf (&#^r= /fi6«kltsf] zky (&#^5= pk/fi6«klt (&#^h= pk/fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf (&#^em= pk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf (&#^`= /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ((#^6= /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ((efu % sfo{kflnsf !)!#&= sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ !)!#*= dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g !)!#(= /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL !)%$)= Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] !)%$!= kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwfx¿ !)%$@= zky !)%$#= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfng !)%$$= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ !)&43

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 6 Legislature-Parliament 108#45. Constitution of Legislature-Parliament 108#46. Qualifications for membership 110#47. Decision as to disqualification of members 110#48. Vacation of seat 110#49. Oath 11050. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament 11251. Summoning and prorogation of sessions 11252. Address by the Presidnet 11453. Quorum 11454. Transaction of business in case of vacancy in membership 11455. Voting 11455A. Vote of confidence 11656. Privileges 11657. Procedure relating to the conduct of business 11857A Opposition Party 11858. Committees 12059. Constituent Assembly to exercise the powers of the Legislature-Parliament 12060. Restriction on discussion 12061. Secretariat of Legislature-Parliament 12061A. The Secretary General and Secretary of Legislature-Parliament 12262. Remuneration 122Part 7 Constituent Assembly 12463. Formation of the Constituent Assembly 12464. Term of the Constituent Assembly 12865. Qualifications of the members 12866. Decision about disqualification of members 13067. Vacation of seat of a member 13068. Oath of members 13069. Meeting of the Constituent Assembly 13070. Procedure for passing a Bill relating to the Constitution 13271. Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the Constituent Assembly 13472. Vacation of the office of Chairperson and Vice Chairperson 13473. Quorum 13674. Proceedings of the Constituent Assembly when the Positionof a member is Vacant 13675. Voting 13676. Penalty for unauthorized presence or voting 13644#Articles 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 removed on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fifth Amendment)Act, 2065.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt]efu ^ Joj:yflksf–;+;b !)(#$%= Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] u7g !)(#$^= ;b:osf nflu of]Uotf !!!#$&= ;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL lg0f{o !!!#$*= :yfg l/Qmtf !!!#$(= zky !!!%)= Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'v / pk–;efd'v !!#%!= clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGt !!#%@= /fi6«kltaf6 ;Daf]wg !!%%#= u0fk"/s ;ª\Vof !!%%$= ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng !!%%%= dtbfg !!%%%s= ljZjf;sf] dt !!&%^= ljz]ifflwsf/ !!&%&= sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw !!(%&s= ljkIfL bn !!(%*= ;ldlt !@!%(= ;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{!@!^)= ax;df jGb]h !@!^!= Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno !@!^!=s Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrj !@#^@= kfl/>lds !@#]efu & ;+ljwfg ;ef !@%^#= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g !@%^$= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn !@(^%= ;b:osf] of]Uotf !@(^^= ;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf] lg0f{o !#!^&= ;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/Qmtf !#!^*= ;b:osf] zky !#!^(= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s !#!&)= ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{ ljlw !##&!= ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf !#%&@= cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/Qmtf !#%&#= u0fk"/s ;ª\Vof !#&&$= ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng !#&&%= dtbfg !#&&^= cglws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x'g] !#&#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} + ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -c;f/ @*, @)^%_ åf/f wf/f $%, $^, $&, $* / $( x6fOPsf] .45

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS77. Privileges 13878. Procedure relating to the conduct of business 14079. Committees 14080. Secretariat of the Constituent Assembly 14081. Remuneration 14082. Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly 14283. Acting in the capacity of Legislature-Parliament 142Part 8 Legislative Procedure 14484. Authority to introduce a Bill 14485. Procedure for passage of Bills 14686. Withdrawal of the Bill 14687. Certification of the Bill 14688. Ordinances 148Part 9 Financial Procedure 15089. No tax to be levied or loan to be raised except in accordance with law 15090. Consolidated Fund 15091. Expenditures from the Consolidated Fund or a Government Fund 15092. Expenditure chargeable on the Consolidated Fund 15093. Estimates of revenues and expenditure 15294. Appropriation Act 15295. Supplementary estimates 15496. Votes on Account 15496A. Special arrangements regarding revenue and expenditure 15497. Votes of Credit 15698. Contingency Fund 15699. Act relating to financial procedures 156Part 10 Judiciary 158100. Courts to exercise powers related to justice 158101. Courts 158102. Supreme Court 158103. Appointment and qualifications of Judges of the Supreme Court 160104. Conditions of service and privileges of the Chief Justice and Judges 160105. Removal of the Chief Justice and Judges of the Supreme Court 162106. Chief Justice or Judges not to be engaged in any other assignment 162107. Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 16446

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt]&&= ljz]ifflwsf/ !#(&*= sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw !$!&(= ;ldlt !$!*)= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno !$!*!= kfl/>lds !$!*@= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g !$#*#= Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{!$#{efu * Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw !$%*$= ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;Sg] !$%*%= ljw]os kfl/t ug] ljlw !$&*^= ljw]os lkmtf{ lng] !$&*&= ljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0f !$&**= cWofb]z !$(efu ( cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL !%!*(= sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] !%!()= ;l~rt sf]if !%!(!= ;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo !%!(@= ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ !%!(#= /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg !%#($= ljlgof]hg P]g !%#(%= k"/s cg'dfg !%%(^= k]:sL vr{ !%%(^s= /fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf !%%(&= pwf/f] vr{ !%&(*= cfsl:ds sf]if !%&((= cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]g !%&efu !) Gofokflnsf !%(!))= Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x'g] !%(!)!= cbfntx¿ !%(!)@= ;jf] {Rr cbfnt !%(!)#= ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm / of]Uotf!^!!)$= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf !^!!)%= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d'Qm x'g]!^#!)^= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufpg gx'g] !^#!)&= ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q!^%47

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS108. Establishment, management and jurisdiction ofAppellate Courts and District Courts 166109. Appointment, qualifications and conditions of service andPrivileges of the Judges of Appellate Courts and Districts Courts 166110. Judges of the Appellate Court and District Court not to betransferred to, or engaged in any other assignment 170111. Transfer of cases 170112. Responsibility of the Chief Justice 170113. Judicial Council 172114. Judicial Service Commission 174115. Duty to extend cooperation to the courts 174116. Orders and decisions of courts to be binding 174117. Annual report 176118. Constituent Assembly Court 176Part 11 Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority 178119. Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority 178120. Functions, duties and powers of the Commission for theInvestigation of Abuse of Authority 180121. Annual report 182Part 12 Auditor General 184122. Auditor General 184123. Functions, duties and powers of the Auditor General 186124. Annual report 188Part 13 Public Service Commission 190125. Public Service Commission 190126. Functions, duties and powers of the Public Service Commission 192127. Annual report 196Part 14 Election Commission 198128. Election Commission 198129. Functions, duties and powers of the Election Commission 200130. The Government of Nepal to provide necessary employees tothe Election Commission 20248

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt{ {]!)*= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / clwsf/ If]q !^&!)(= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf/ ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwfx¿ !^&!!)= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGos'g} kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfddf nufpg gx'g]!&!!!!= d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg] !&!!!@= k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/L !&!!!#= Gofo kl/ifb\ !&#!!$= Gofo ;]jf cfof]u !&%!!%= cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug' kg]!&%!!^= cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg' kg{!&%!!&= jflif{s k|ltj]bg !&&!!*= ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfnt !&&efu !! clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u!&(!!(= clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u !&(!@)= clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ !*!!@!= jflif{s k|ltj]bg !*#efu !@ dxfn]vfk/LIfs !*%!@@= dxfn]vfk/LIfs !*%!@#= dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ !*&!@$= jflif{s k|ltj]bg !*(efu !# nf]s ;]jf cfof]u !(!!@%= nf]s ;]jf cfof]u !(!!@^= nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ !(#!@&= jflif{s k|ltj]bg !(&]efu !$ lgjf{rg cfof]u !((!@*= lgjf{rg cfof]u !((!@(= lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ @)!!#)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg{ @)#49

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPart 15 National Human Rights Commission 204131. National Human Rights Commission 204132. Functions, duties and powers of the NationalHuman Rights Commission 206133. Annual report 210Part 16 Attorney General 212134. Appointment of the Attorney General 212135. Functions, duties and powers of the Attorney General 212136. Annual report 214137. Power to appear in the Legislature-Parliament 214Part 17 Structure of State and Local Self governance 216138. Progressive restructuring of the State 216139. Provision for local self governance 216140. Mobilization and management of revenue 218Part 18 Political Parties 220141. Prohibition on the imposition of restrictions on political parties 220142. Registration required for securing recognition for the purpose ofcontesting elections as a political party 220Part 19 Emergency Powers 224143. Emergency powers 224Part 20 Provisions Regarding the Army 228144. Formation of the Nepal Army 228145. National Defence Council 230146. Transitional provision for the combatants 232147. Management and monitoring 232Part 21 Amendment of the Constitution 234148. Amendment of the Constitution 234Part 22 Miscellaneous 236149. Constitutional Council 236150. Nepali ambassadors and emissaries 236151. Pardon 238152. Titles, honours, and decorations 238153. Constitution of the Government Service 23850

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !% /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u@)%!#!= /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u @)%!#@= /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ @)&!##= jflif{s k|ltj]bg @!!efu !^ dxfGofoflwjQmf@!#!#$= dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQm @!#!#%= dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ @!#!#^= jflif{s k|ltj]bg @!%!#&= Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf pkl:yt x'g kfpg] @!%efu !& /fHosf] 9f“rf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g@!&!#*= /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{ +/rgf@!&!#(= :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf @!&!$)= /fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yf @!(]efu !* /fhg}lts bnx¿@@!!$!= /fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltjGw nufpg aGb]h @@!!$@= /fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg' kg{ @@!efu !( ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/@@%!$#= ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/ @@%efu @) ;]gf ;DaGwL Joj:yf@@(!$$= g]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7g @@(!$%= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ @#!!$^= n8fs'x¿sf] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf @##!$&= Joj:yfkg / cg'udg @##efu @! ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg@#%!$*= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg @#%efu @@ ljljw@#&!$(= ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ @#&!%)= g]kfnL /fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglw @#&!%!= dfkmL @#(!%@= pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0f @#(!%#= ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7g @#(51

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS154. Formation of Commissions 238154A Constituency Delimitation Commission 238155. Hearing for the officials of constitutional bodies andprovisions regarding citizenship 244156. Ratification of, accession to, acceptance of orapproval of treaties or agreements 244157. Decision could be made through referendum 246158. Power to remove difficulties 246Part 23 Transitional Provisions 248159. Property to be kept in a Trust 248160. Provisions regarding the Council of Ministers 252161. Provisions regarding the Legislature-Parliament 252162. Provisions regarding the Judiciary 252163. Provisions regarding constitutional bodies and officials thereof 254164. Existing laws to remain in operation 254Part 24 Definitions 256165. Definitions 256Part 25 Short Title, Commencement and abrogation 258166. Short title and commencement 258167. Abrogation 258Schedule-1 (Relating to Article 6) National Flag 260Scedule-1A (Relating to clause 2 of Article 36F and Article 36I) 266Schedule-3 Relating to clause (2) of Article 166 270Schedule-4 (Relating to Clause (3) of Article 166) 272Comprehensive Peace Accord Concluded Between the Governmentof Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) 272Agreement on Monitoring of the Management of Arms and Armies 8December 2006 30452

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!%$= cfof]usf] u7g @#(!%$s= lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u@#(!%%= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;'g'jfO / gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yf @$%!%^= ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g @$%!%&= hgdt ;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] @$%!%*= afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/ @$%efu @# ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf@$(!%(= ;DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg] @$(!^)= dlGqkl/ifb\ ;DaGwL Joj:yf @%#!^!= Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yf @%#!^@= Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yf @%#!^#= ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yf @%%!^$= jt{dfg sfg"g nfu" /xg] @%%efu @$ kl/efiff@%&!^%= kl/efiff @%&efu @% ;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL@%(!^^= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De @%(!^&= vf/]hL @%(cg';"rL–! -wf/f ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ /fli6«o em08f@^!cg';"rL–!s. -wf/f #^em sf] pkwf/f @ ;+u ;DalGwt_@^&cg';"rL–# -wf/f !^^ sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_@&!cg';"rL–$ -wf/f !^^ sf] pkwf/f -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_@&#g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf @&#g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf] xltof/ / ;]gfJoj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;Demf}tf, @)^# #)%53

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPREAMBLEWE, THE PEOPLE OF NEPAL, IN EXERCISE OF THE SOVEREIGN POWERS ANDSTATE AUTHORITY INHERENT IN US;Recognizing the mandate of the Nepali people expressed, from time to time, sincebefore 1951 until now, through historical struggles and people's movements fordemocracy, peace and progress;Having determined upon the progressive restructuring of the state in order to resolvethe existing problems of the country relating to class, caste, region and gender;Expressing our full commitment to democratic norms and values including a systemof competitive multiparty democratic rule, civil liberties, fundamental rights, humanrights, adult franchise, periodic elections, full freedom of the press, independence ofthe judiciary and concepts of the rule of law;Guaranteeing the basic rights of the Nepali people to frame a Constitution forthemselves and to participate in the free and impartial election of the ConstituentAssembly in a fear-free environment;And keeping democracy, peace, prosperity, progressive economic-social changesand sovereignty, integrity, independence and dignity of the country as a centralconcern;*Declaring Nepal a Federal, Democratic, Republic State by legally ending (orabolishing) the monarchyNOW THEREFORE, in order to institutionalize the achievements of the revolutionand movements till this date, hereby promulgate this INTERIM CONSTITUTIONOF NEPAL, 2063 (2007), prepared through a political consensus and to be in forceuntil a new Constitution is framed by the Constituent Assembly.* Added on 2065 Jesth 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.54

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtk|:tfjgfxfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnL hgtf,g]kfnL hgtfn] @))& ;fn klxn]b]lv xfn;Dd k6s k6s ub} { cfPsf P]ltxfl;s ;‹if{ / hgcfGbf]ngdfk{mt nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf kIfdf k|s6 ePsf] hgfb]zsf] ;Ddfg ub} {,b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}lËs ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{ +/rgf ug];ÍNk ub} {,k|lt:kwf{Tds ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf, gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgj clwsf/,aflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg, k"0f{ k| ]; :jtGqtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf tyf sfg"gL /fHosf]cjwf/0ff nufot nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfk|ltsf] k"0f{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub} {,g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfkm\gf] nflu cfkm} ;+ljwfg agfpg kfpg] / eod'Qm jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] :jtGq/ lgikIf lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ub} {,nf]stGq, zflGt, ;d[l4, cu|ufdL cfly{s–;fdflhs kl/jt{g tyf b]zsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf, cv08tf,:jtGqtf / :jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fVb},*/fhtGqsf] ljlwjt\ cGTo u/L g]kfn Ps ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub} {cfh;Ddsf qmflGt / cfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt pknAwLx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfggag];Ddsf] nflu /fhg}lts ;xdltaf6 tof/ ePsf] of] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# hf/L ePsf]3f]if0ff ub{5f} + .* cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f yk55

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 1PRELIMINARY1. Constitution as the fundamental law(1) This Constitution is the fundamental law of Nepal. All laws inconsistentwith this constitution shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.(2) It is the duty of every person to uphold this Constitution.2. Sovereignty and state authorityThe sovereignty and the state authority of Nepal are vested in the Nepali people.3. NationHaving multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-culturalcharActeristics with common aspirations, and being committed to and unitedby a bond of allegiance to national independence, integrity, national interestand prosperity of Nepal, all the Nepali people collectively constitute the nation.4. State of Nepal(1) Nepal is an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive*Federal Democratic Republican State.(2) The territory of Nepal shall comprise(a) the territory existing at the commencement of this Constitution, and(b) such other territory as may be acquired after the commencement of thisConstitution.5. Language of the nation(1) All the languages spoken as mother tongues in Nepal are the nationallanguages of Nepal.(2) The Nepali language in the Devanagari script shall be the language ofofficial business.(3) Notwithstanding whatever is written in clause (2), the use of one's mothertongue in a local body or office shall not be barred. The State shall translate thelanguage used for such purposes into the language of official business for therecord.56*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: and fully democratic State.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !k|f/lDes!= ;+ljwfg d"n sfg"gM-!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n sfg"g xf] . o; ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg"g aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGox'g]5 .-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug' { k|To]s JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .@=;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;QfMg]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt /xg]5 .#= /fi6«Max'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm, ;dfg cfsfª\Iff / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o:jtGqtf, cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg\ /xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfj4 ;a} g]kfnLhgtf ;dli6 ¿kdf /fi6« xf] .$= g]kfn /fHoM-!_ g]kfn Ps :jtGq, cljefHo, ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg, wd{lg/k]If, ;dfj]zL *;+3Lo nf]stflGqs,u0ftGqfTds /fHo xf] .-@_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' Fbfsf avtsf] If]q, /-v_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|fKt x'g] If]q .%= /fi6« efiffM-!_ g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx¿ /fi6« efiff x'g\ .-@_ b]jgfu/L lnlkdf g]kfnL efiff ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :yfgLo lgsfo tyf sfof{nodf dft[efiffk|of]u ug{ s'g} jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L k|of]u ul/Psf] efiffnfO{ /fHon] ;/sf/Lsfdsfhsf] efiffdf ¿kfGt/ u/L clen]v /fVg]5 .* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM / k"0f{ nf]stflGqs /fHo57

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS6. National flagThe national flag of Nepal, as handed down by tradition, consists of twojuxtaposed triangular figures with a crimson coloured base and deep blueborders, there being a white emblem of the crescent moon with eight rays visibleout of sixteen in the upper part and a white emblem of a twelve rayed sun in thelower part. The method of drawing the flag and other particulars relatingthereto shall be as set out in Schedule 1.7. National anthem etc(1) The national anthem and the coat-of-arms of Nepal shall be as determinedby the Government of Nepal.(2) The Rhododendron Arboreum is the national flower, Crimson is the nationalcolour, the Cow is the national animal and the Lophophorus is the nationalbird of Nepal.58

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt^= /fli6«o em08fMl;ld|s /Ësf] e'OF / uf9f gLnf] /Ësf] lsgf/f ePsf] b'O{ lqsf]0f clnslt hf]l/Psf], dflyNnf]efudf v'k] { rGb|sf] aLrdf ;f]x|df cf7 sf]0f b]lvg] ;]tf] cfsf/ / tNnf] efudf afx| sf]0fo'Qm;"o{sf] ;]tf] cfsf/ clÍt ePsf], k/Dk/fut em08f g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f xf] . ;f] em08f agfpg]tl/sf / tT;DaGwL c? ljj/0f cg';"rL–! Df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .&=/fli6«o ufg OToflbM-!_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ufg / lgzfgf 5fk g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .-@_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o k"mn nfnLu'/fF;, /fli6«o /Ë l;ld|s, /fli6«o hgfj/ ufO{ / /fli6«o k+IfL 8fFkm] x'g]5 .59

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 2CITIZENSHIP8. Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution(1) Persons who have citizenship at the commencement of this Constitutionand persons who are eligible to acquire citizenship by virtue of the provisionsof this Part shall be the citizens of Nepal.(2) At the commencement of this Constitution, the following persons whohave their domicile in Nepal shall be deemed to be citizens of Nepal by descent(a) a person who has acquired citizenship by descent before thecommencement of this Constitution, and(b) any person whose father or mother was a citizen of Nepal at the birth ofsuch person.(3) Any child who is found within the territory of Nepal and whose parents arenot known shall, until the father or mother of the child is traced, be deemed tobe a citizen of Nepal by descent.(4) Whenever any territory is acquired by way of merger into Nepal, everyperson having his domicile within such territory shall become a citizen ofNepal, as provided for by the existing law.(5) Any person born and living permanently in Nepal before the end of Chaitra,2046 (mid April, 1990) shall acquire the citizenship of Nepal by birth inaccordance with the existing law.Provided that application to that effect shall be submitted once inaccordance with existing laws within the prescribed timeframe.(6) A woman of foreign nationality who is married to a Nepali citizen mayacquire naturalized citizenship, if she desires to do so, as provided for by theexisting law.60

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu @gful/stf*= ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' “bfsf avtsf] gful/stfM-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' Fbfsf avt g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] / o; efu adf]lhdgful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo JolQmx¿ g]kfnsf gful/s x'g]5g\ .-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' Fbfsf avt g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]jf; ePsf] b]xfosf] JolQm j+zhsf]cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg] {5M–-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm,-v_ s'g} JolQmsf] hGd x' Fbfsf avt lghsf] afa' jf cfdf g]kfnL gful/s /x]5 eg] To:tf]JolQm .-#_ g]kfn ;/xbleq k]mnf k/]sf] lkt[Tj dft[Tjsf] 7]ufg gePsf] k|To]s gfafns lghsf] afa' jfcfdf k]mnf gk/];Dd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s 7xg] {5 .-$_ g]kfnleq ufleg] u/L s'g} If]q k|fKt ePdf ;f] If]qleq a;f]jf; ePsf] JolQm k|rlntsfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] gful/s x'g]5 .-%_ ;Djt\ @)$^ ;fn r}q d;fGt;Dd g]kfn ;/xbleq hGd eO{ g]kfndf :yfoL ¿kn] a;f]jf;ub} { cfPsf] JolQmn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug] {5 .t/ o; Joj:yf cGtu{t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd Psk6ssf] nflu tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq lgj]bg lbO;s]sf] x'g' kg] {5 .-^_ g]kfnL gful/s;Fu j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod u/]sL ljb]zL dlxnfn] rfx]df k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd cËLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf lng ;Sg]5 .61

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(7) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Article, in the caseof a person born to a woman citizen of Nepal married to a foreigner, if such aperson is born in Nepal and has been residing permanently in Nepal and hasnot acquired citizenship of the foreign country by virtue of the citizenship ofhis or her father, he or she may acquire naturalized citizenship of Nepalaccording to the existing law.9. Naturalized or honorary citizenshipExcept provided for in Article 8, the Government of Nepal may grant naturalizedor honorary Nepalese citizenship [to a foreigner] as provided for by law.10. Acquisition and termination of citizenshipThe acquisition and termination of citizenship and other necessaryarrangements shall be in accordance with the existing law.11. Citizenship team to be assignedThe Government of Nepal may assign a Citizenship Distribution Task Force togrant citizenship to persons eligible to acquire citizenship as provided for inexisting laws.62

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-&_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljb]zL gful/s;Fu ljjfx u/]sL g]kfnLdlxnf gful/saf6 hlGdPsf] JolQmsf] xsdf lghsf] g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf g} :yfoL a;f]jf;u/]sf] / afj'sf] gful/stfsf] cfwf/df lghn] ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] /x]g5 eg]lghn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] c+ËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .(= c·Ls[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfMwf/f * df n]lvP afx]s sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] cËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{g]kfnL gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .!)= gful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKtMgful/stfsf] k|flKt, ;dflKt nufot cfjZos cGo Joj:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .!!= gful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg]Mg]kfn ;/sf/n] k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd gful/stf kfpg of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmnfO{gful/stf k|bfg ug{ gful/stf ljt/0f 6f]nL v6fpg ;Sg]5 .63

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 3FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS12. Right to freedom(1) Every person shall have the right to live with dignity, and no law whichprovides for capital punishment shall be made.(2) Except as provided for by law no person shall be deprived of his/herpersonal liberty.(3) Every citizen shall have the following freedoms(a) freedom of opinion and expression;(b) freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms;(c) freedom to form political party;(d) freedom to form unions and associations;(e) freedom to move and reside in any part of Nepal; and(f) freedom to engage in any occupation or be engaged in employment,industry and trade.Provided that,(1) Nothing in sub-clause (a) shall be deemed to prevent the making of lawsto impose reasonable restrictions on any act which may undermine thesovereignty and integrity of Nepal, or which may jeopardize theharmonious relations subsisting among the people of various castes,tribes, religions or communities, or on any act of defamation, contemptof court or incitement to an offence, or on any act which may be contraryto decent public behaviour or morality.(2) Nothing in sub-clause (b) shall be deemed to prevent the making of lawsto impose reasonable restrictions on any act which may undermine thesovereignty, integrity or law and order situation of Nepal .(3) Nothing in sub-clauses (c) and (d) shall be deemed to prevent the makingof laws to impose reasonable restrictions on any act which mayundermine the sovereignty and integrity of Nepal, or which mayjeopardize the harmonious relations subsisting among the people ofvarious castes, tribes, religions or communities, or which may instigateviolence, or which may be contrary to public morality.64

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu #df}lns xs!@=:jtGqtfsf] xsM-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5 / d[To' b08sf] ;hfo x'g] u/L s'g} sfg"gagfOg] 5}g .-@_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtf ckx/0f x'g] 5}g .-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g]5M–-s_ ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,-v_ lagf xftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf,-u_ /fhg}lts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,-3_ ;+3 / ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,-ª_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt / a;f]jf; ug] { :jtGqtf,-r_ s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u / Jofkf/ ug] { :jtGqtf .t/,-!_ v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg] { jf ufnL j]OHhtL jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngfx'g] jf ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg lbg] jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g]sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .-@_ v08 -v_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt /Joj:yfdf vnn kg] { sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf]dflgg] 5}g .-#_ v08 -u_ / -3_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hflt,wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg] { jf lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;flxtug] { jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"gagfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .65

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(4) Nothing in sub-clause (e) shall be deemed to prevent the making of lawswhich are in the interest of the general public, or which are made toimpose reasonable restrictions on any act which may jeopardize theharmonious relations subsisting among the people of various castes,tribes, religions or communities.(5) Nothing in sub-clause (f) shall be deemed to prevent the making of lawsto impose restrictions on any act which may be contrary to public healthor morality, to confer on the State the exclusive right to undertake specificindustries, businesses or services, or to impose any condition orqualification for engaging in any industry, trade, profession oroccupation.13. Right to equality(1) All citizens shall be equal before the law. No person shall be denied theequal protection of the laws.(2) There shall be no discrimination against any citizen in the application ofgeneral laws on grounds of religion, race, gender, caste, tribe, origin, languageor ideological conviction or any of these.(3) The State shall not discriminate among citizens on grounds of religion, race,caste, tribe, gender, origin, language or ideological conviction or any of these.Provided that nothing shall be deemed to prevent the making ofspecial provisions by law for the protection, empowerment or advancement ofwomen, Dalits, indigenous ethnic tribes [Adivasi Janajati], Madhesi or farmers,labourers or those who belong to a class which is economically, socially orculturally backward, or children, the aged, disabled or those who are physicallyor mentally incapacitated.(4) There shall be no discrimination with regard to remuneration and socialsecurity between men and women for the same work.14. Right against untouchability and racial discrimination(1) No person shall, on the ground of caste, descent, community or occupation, besubject to racial discrimination and untouchability in any form. Such adiscriminatory act shall be liable to punishment and the victim shall be entitled tocompensation as provided by the law.66

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-$_ v08 -ª_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxt jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg] { sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/Lsfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .-%_ v08 -r_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"nx'g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf s'g} vf; pBf]u, Jofkf/ jf ;]jf /fHon] dfq ;~rfng ug] { jfs'g} pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf jf /f]huf/ ug{sf] nflu s'g} zt{ jf of]Uotf tf]Sg] u/L sfg"gagfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .!#= ;dfgtfsf] xsM-!_ ;a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g]5g\ . s;}nfO{ klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0faf6 jl~rtul/g] 5}g .-@_ ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf s'g} klg gful/sdfly wd{, j0f{, lnË, hft, hflt, pTklQ, efiff jfj}rfl/s cf:yf jf tL dWo] s'g} s'/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g .-#_ /fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, lnË, pTklQ, efiff jf j}rfl/s cf:yf jf tLdWo] s'g} s'/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ug] { 5}g .t/ dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL jf ls;fg, dhb'/ jf cfly{s,;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf] ju{ jf afns, j[4 tyf ckfË jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s¿kn] czQm JolQmsf] ;+/If0f, ;zlQms/0f jf ljsf;sf] nflu sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]snufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .-$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu dlxnf / k'?ifsf aLr kfl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf e]befj ul/g]5}g .!$= 5'jf5't tyf hftLo e]befj lj?4sf] xsM-!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft, j+z, ;d'bfo jf k]zfsf cfwf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] 5'jf5't tyf hftLoe]befj ul/g] 5}g . o:tf] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ b08gLo x'g]5 / kLl8t JolQmn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0feP adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .67

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(2) No person shall, on the ground of caste or tribe, be deprived of the use of services,conveniences or utilities available to the public, or be denied access to any publicplace, or public religious places, or be prevented from performing any religious act.(3) No person belonging to any particular caste or tribe shall, in relation to the productionor making available of any goods, services or conveniences, be prevented frompurchasing or acquiring such goods, services or conveniences; and no such goods,services or conveniences shall be sold or distributed only to members of a particularcaste or tribe.(4) No one shall be allowed to purport to demonstrate superiority or inferiority of anyperson or a group of persons belonging to any caste, tribe or origin; or to justify socialdiscrimination on the basis of caste and tribe; or to disseminate ideas based on castesuperiority or hatred; or to encourage caste discrimination in any form.(5) Any act contrary to the provisions of clauses (2), (3) and (4) shall be punishable inaccordance with law.15. Rights regarding publication, broadcasting and press(1) There shall be no prior censorship of publication and broadcasting or printingof any news item, editorial, article, feature or other reading or audio-visual materialby any means including electronic publication, broadcasting and the press.Provided that nothing shall be deemed to prevent the making of laws toimpose reasonable restrictions on any act which may undermine the sovereigntyor integrity of Nepal, or which may jeopardise the harmonious relations subsistingamong the peoples of various castes, tribes or communities; or on any act ofsedition, defamation, contempt of court or incitement to an offence; or on any actwhich may be contrary to decent public behaviour or morality.(2) If there is any broadcasting, publishing or printing of material using radio,television, online or other types of digital or electronic equipment or medium, nosuch equipment or medium shall be closed, seized or any registration cancelledbecause of such broadcasting, publication or printing.(3) No newspaper, periodical or press shall be closed or seized nor shall itsregistration be cancelled merely for printing or publishing any news items,articles, editorials, writings or other reading material.(4) No means of communication including the press, electronic broadcastingand telephone shall be obstructed except in accordance with law.68

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-@_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft hfltsf] cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf /x]sf ;]jf, ;'ljwf jf pkof]usfs'/fx¿ k|of]u ug{af6 jf ;fj{hlgs :yn jf ;fj{hlgs wfld{s :yndf k|j]z ug{ jf wfld{s sfo{ug{af6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .-#_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf jf j:t' s'g} vf; hft,hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ vl/b jf k|fKt ug{af6 /f]s nufpg jf To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf;hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f ul/g] 5}g .-$_ s'g} hft, hflt jf pTklQsf JolQm jf JolQmx¿sf] ;d"xsf] pr gLr bzf{pg], hft, hfltsf]cfwf/df ;fdflhs lje]bnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7x/fpg] jf hftLo ;jf{ ]Rrtf jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/tljrf/sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ ] jf hftLo lje]bnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] k|f]T;fxg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .-%_ pkwf/f -@_, -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .!%= k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xsM-!_ ljB'tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkf nufotsf cGo h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/,;DkfbsLo, n]v, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7\o, >Jo b[io ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug{ jf 5fKgk"j{ k|ltaGw nufOg] 5}g .t/ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf jf cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hflt jf ;Dk|bfo aLrsf];';DaGwdf vnn kg] {, /fHob|f]x, ufnL a]OHhtL jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf ck/fw ug{b'?T;fxg ug] { jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstf k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df d'gfl;j k|ltaGw nufpg]u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .-@_ s'g} >Jo, >Jo b[io jf ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 s'g} ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0fu/] jf 5fk] jfkt To:tf] ;fdu|L k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug] { jf 5fKg], /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOgjf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo, 5fkf jf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{vf/]h ul/g] 5}g .-#_ s'g} ;dfrf/, n]v, ;DkfbsLo, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7\o ;fdu|L d'b|0f jf k|sfzg u/] jfkts'g} ;dfrf/kq, klqsf jf 5fkfvfgf aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g .-$_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} 5fkf, ljB'tLo k|;f/0f tyf 6]lnkmf]g nufotsf ;~rf/ ;fwgnfO{cj?4 ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .69

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS16. Rights regarding environment and health(1) Every person has the right to live in a clean environment.(2) Every citizen shall have the right to basic health services free of cost from theState as provided for in the law.17. Education and cultural rights(1) Each community shall have the right to receive basic education in theirmother tongue as provided for in the law.(2) Every citizen shall have the right to receive free education from the State upto secondary level as provided for in the law(3) Each community residing in Nepal has the right to preserve and promote itslanguage, script, culture, cultural civilisation and heritage.18. Rights regarding employment and social security(1) Every citizen shall have the right to employment as provided for in the law.(2)Women, labourers, the aged, disabled as well as incapacitated and helplesscitizens shall have the right to social security as provided for in the law.(3) Every citizen has the right to food *sovereignty as provided for in the law.19. Right to property(1) Every citizen shall, subject to the existing laws, have the right to acquire,own, sell and otherwise dispose of property.(2) The State shall not, except in the public interest, acquire, or create anyencumbrance on the property of any person.Provided that this clause shall not be applicable to property acquiredthrough illegal means.(3) Compensation shall be provided for any property requisitioned, acquiredor encumbered by the State in implementing scientific land reform programmesor in the public interest in accordance with law. The amount and basis ofcompensation, and relevant procedure shall be as prescribed by law.70* We have confirmed that "food sovereignty" is the phrase deliberately chosen (see also the Comprehensive PeaceAgreement ) (editors).

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!^=jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xsM-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ :jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg] xs x'g]5 .-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns¿kdf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .!&=lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xsM-!_ k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[ efiffdf cfwf/e"t lzIff kfpg]xs x'g]5 .-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd dfWolds tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIffkfpg] xs x'g]5 .-#_ g]kfndf a;f]jf; ug{ ] k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;fF:s[lts ;Eotf /;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g ug{ ] xs x'g]5 .!*= /f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xsM-!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd /f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g]5 .-@_ dlxnf, >lds, j[4, ckfË tyf czQm / c;xfo gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'Qfsf] xs x'g]5 .!(= ;DklQsf] xsM-!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{g ug] {, ef]u ug] {, a]rlavg ug]/ ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug] { xs x'g]5 .-@_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu afx]s /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ clwu|x0f jf k|fKt ug] { jf To:tf];DklQ pk/ c? s'g} k|sf/n] s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ug] { 5}g .t/ cj}w 9Ën] cfh{g u/]sf] ;Dkltsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .-#_ j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu" ubf{ jf ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQclwu|x0f jf k|fKt ubf{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ubf{ sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{lbOg]5 . Ifltk"lt{ / ;f]sf] cfwf/ / sfo{ k|0ffnL sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5 .71

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS20. Rights of women(1) No woman shall be discriminated against in any way on the basis of gender.(2) Every woman shall have the right to reproductive health and otherreproductive rights.(3) No physical, mental or other form of violence shall be inflicted on anywoman, and such an act shall be punishable by law.(4) Sons and daughters shall have equal rights to ancestral property.21. Right to social justiceWomen, Dalits, indigenous ethnic groups [Adivasi Janajati], Madhesicommunities, oppressed groups, the poor farmers and labourers, who areeconomically, socially or educationally backward, shall have the right toparticipate in state structures on the basis of principles of proportionalinclusion.22. Rights of children(1) Every child shall have the right to his or her own identity and name.(2) Every child shall have the right to be nurtured, to basic health and socialsecurity.(3) Every child shall have the right not to be subjected to physical, mental orany other form of exploitation. Any such act of exploitation shall be punishableby law and any child so treated shall be compensated as determined by law.(4) Helpless, orphaned or mentally retarded children, children who are victimsof conflict or displaced and street children at risk shall have the right to receivespecial privileges from the State to ensure their secure future.(5) No minor shall be employed in factories, mines or in any other hazardouswork nor shall be used in army, police or in conflicts.72

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt@)=dlxnfsf] xsM-!_ dlxnf ePs} sf/0faf6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ul/g] 5}g .-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg :jf:Yo tyf k|hgg ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 .-#_ s'g} klg dlxnf lj?4 zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ ul/g] 5}g /To:tf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 .-$_ k}t[s ;Dkltdf 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg xs x'g]5 .@!=@@=;fdflhs Gofosf] xsMcfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfs b[li6n] kl5 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL ;d'bfo,pTkLl8t ju{, u/La ls;fg / dhb'/nfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df /fHosf];+/rgfdf ;xefuL x'g] xs x'g]5 .afnaflnsfsf] xsM-!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg tyf gfdsf] xs x'g]5 .-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kfngkf]if0f, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|fKt ug] { xs x'g]5 .-#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf] zf]if0f lj?4sf] xsx'g]5 . o:tf] zf]if0fhGo sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/ ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 .-$_ c;xfo, cgfy, ;':t dgl:ylt, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+ hf]lvddf k/]sf ;8s afnaflnsfnfO{;'lglZrt eljiosf] nflu /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .-%_ s'g} klg gfafnsnfO{ s'g} snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo s'g} hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg jf;]gf, k|x/L jf åGådf k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .73

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS23. Right to religion(1) Every person shall have the right to profess, practise and preserve his or herown religion as handed down to him or her from ancient times paying dueregard to social and cultural traditions.Provided that no person shall be entitled to convert another personfrom one religion to another, and no person shall act or behave in a mannerwhich may infringe upon the religion of others.(2) Every religious denomination shall have the right to maintain itsindependent existence, and for this purpose to manage and protect its religiousplaces and religious trusts, in accordance with law.24. Rights regarding justice(1) No person shall be detained without being informed of the ground for suchan arrest.(2) The person who is arrested shall have the right to consult a legal practitionerof his/her choice at the time of the arrest. The consultation made by such aperson with the legal practitioner and the advice given thereon shall remainconfidential, and such a person shall not be denied the right to be defended byhis/her legal practitioner.Explanation: For the purpose of this clause, the words "legal practitioner" meansany person who is authorized by law to represent any person in any court.(3) Every person who is arrested shall be produced before a judicial authoritywithin a period of twenty-four hours after such arrest, excluding the timenecessary for the journey from the place of arrest to such authority, and thearrested person shall not be detained in custody beyond the said period excepton the order of such authority.Provided that nothing in clauses (2) and (3) shall apply to preventivedetention or to a citizen of an enemy state.(4) No person shall be punished for an act which was not punishable by lawwhen the act was committed, and no person shall be subjected to a punishmentgreater than that prescribed by the law in force at the time of the offence.(5) No person accused of any offence shall be assumed to be an offender untilproven guilty.74

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt@#=wd{ ;DaGwL xsM-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt ;fdflhs Pj+ ;fF:s[lts k/Dk/fsf] dof{bf /fvL k/fk"j{b]lv rlncfPsf]cfˆgf] wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof; / ;+/If0f ug{ ] xs x'g]5 .t/ s;}n] s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg kfpg] 5}g / Ps csf{sf] wd{df vnn kfg{ ] u/L s'g}sfd, Jojxf/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .-@_ k|To]s wfld{s ;Dk|bfonfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd cfˆgf] :jtGq cl:tTj sfod /fvL cfˆgf] wfld{s:yn / wfld{s u'7Lsf] ;~rfng / ;+/If0f ug{ ] xs x'g]5 .@$=Gofo ;DaGwL xsM-!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf glbO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dodf g} cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfxlng kfpg] xs x'g]5 . To:tf] JolQmn] cfˆgf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf] k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf];Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 / To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] sfg"g Joj;foLåf/f k'k{If ug{ ] xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g]5}g .:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æsfg"g Joj;foLÆ eGgfn] s'g} cbfntdf s'g} JolQmsf]k|ltlglwTj ug{ sfg"gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] JolQmnfO{ hgfpF5 .-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;doaf6 af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s rf}aL; 306fleq d'2fx]g] { clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg{ ]5 / To:tf] clwsf/Laf6 cfb]z ePdf afx]s kqmfpePsf JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .t/ pkwf/f -@_ / -#_ df n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ lgjf/s gh/jGb / zq' /fHosf] gful/ssf]xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .-$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd u/] jfkt s'g} JolQm ;hfosf] efuL x'g] 5}g /s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf tf]lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .-%_ s'g} cleof]u nufOPsf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft geP;Dd s;"/bf/ dflgg]5}g .75

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(6) No person shall be prosecuted or punished for the same offence in a court oflaw more than once.(7) No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness againsthimself/herself.(8) Every person undergoing trial shall have the right to be informed about theproceedings of the trial.(9) Every person shall be entitled to a fair trial by a competent court or judicialauthority.(10) Any indigent person shall have the right to free legal aid in accordancewith law.25. Right against preventive detention(1) No person shall be held under preventive detention unless there is sufficientground to believe in the existence of an immediate threat to the sovereignty andintegrity of, or the law and order situation in, Nepal.(2) If an authority detains a person under preventive detention contrary to lawor in bad faith, the person detained is entitled to compensation under the law.26. Right against torture(1) No person who is detained during investigation, or for trial or for any otherreason, shall be subjected to physical or mental torture, or be treated in a cruel,inhuman or degrading manner.(2) Any such an act pursuant to clause (1) shall be punishable by law, and anyperson so treated shall be compensated in a manner determined by law.27. Right to information(1) Every citizen shall have the right to demand or obtain information on anymatters of concern to himself or herself or to the public.Provided that nothing in this Article shall be deemed to compel anyperson to provide information on any matter about which confidentiality is tobe maintained according to law.76

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-^_ s'g} klg JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;"/df Ps k6seGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg] / ;hfo lbOg]5}g .-&_ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] lj?4 ;fIfL x'g s/ nufOg] 5}g .-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .-(_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ ;Ifd cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfoaf6 :jR5 ;'g'jfOsf] xs x'g]5 .-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lgMz'Ns sfg"gL ;]jf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .@%=lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xsM-!_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnn kg]kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO{ klg lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvg] 5}g .-@_ lgjf/s gh/aGb /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg"g ljk/Lt jf jblgotk"j{s s;}nfO{ gh/aGb /fv]dfgh/aGb /x]sf] JolQmn] sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .@^=oftgf lj?4sf] xsM-!_ cg';Gwfg, txlssft jf k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf jf c? s'g} lsl;dn] y'gfdf /x]sf] s'g} klgJolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fu lgd{d, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgsJojxf/ ul/g] 5}g .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/ ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 .@&=;"rgfsf] xsMk|To]s gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] jf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg] jf kfpg] xsx'g]5 .t/ sfg"gåf/f uf]Ko /fVg' kg] { ;"rgfsf] hfgsf/L lbg s;}nfO{ s/ nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .77

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS28. Right to privacyExcept in circumstances provided by law, privacy in relation to the person,and to their residence, property, documents, records, statistics andcorrespondence, and their reputation are inviolable.29. Right against exploitation(1) Every person shall have the right against exploitation.(2) No person shall be exploited in the name of custom, tradition and practice,or in any other way(3) No person shall be subjected to human trafficking, slavery or bonded labour.(4) No person shall be subject to forced labour.Provided that nothing in this clause shall prevent the enactment of a lawrequiring citizens to be engaged in compulsory service for public purposes.30. Right Regarding labour(1) Every employee and worker shall have the right to proper work practices.(2) Every employee and worker shall have the right to form trade unions, toorganise themselves and to engage in collective bargaining for the protectionof their interests in accordance with law.31. Right against exileNo citizen shall be exiled.32. Right to constitutional remedyThe right to proceed in the manner set out in Article 107 for the enforcement ofthe rights conferred in this Part is guaranteed.78

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt@*=@(=uf]kgLotfsf] xsMs'g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;, ;Dklt, lnvt, tYofÍ, kqfrf/, rl/q ;DaGwL s'/fx¿sf]uf]kgLotf sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s cgltqmDo x'g]5 .zf]if0f lj?4sf] xsM-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x'g]5 .-@_ k|yf, k/Dk/f / k|rngsf] gfddf jf s'g} klg lsl;dn] s;}nfO{ zf]if0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .-#_ dflg;nfO{ j]rljvg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g .-$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .t/ o; pkwf/fdf plNnlvt Joj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{ clgjfo{;]jfdf nufpg ;lsg] sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .#)= >d ;DaGwL xsM-!_ k|To]s sfdbf/ / sd{rf/LnfO{ plrt >d cEof;sf] xs x'g]5 .-@_ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd k|To]s sfdbf/ / sd{rf/LnfO{ cf–cfˆgf lxt /Iffsf] lgldQ6« ]8 o'lgog vf]Ng], ;Ël7t x'g] / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{ ] xs x'g]5 .#!= b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xsMs'g} klg gful/snfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g .#@=;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xsMo; efuåf/f k|bQ xssf] k|rngsf nflu wf/f !)& df n]lvPsf] tl/sf cg';f/ sf/afxL rnfpgkfpg] xs ;'/lIft ul/Psf]5 .79

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 4RESPONSIBILITIES, DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES ANDPOLICIES OF THE STATE33. Responsibilities of the StateThe State shall have the following responsibilities:(a) recognizing the need for the functional realisation of the sovereigntythat is inherent in the Nepali people, it is the obligation of the state tofocus the attention of the whole nation on the completion of the electionfor the members of the Constituent Assembly *by the end of 2064 [by 12April 2008 – tr.] in a free and fair manner,(b) to ensure progressive political, economic and social changes in thecountry,(c) to adopt a political system which fully abides by the universally acceptedconcepts of fundamental human rights, multi-party competitivedemocratic system, sovereign authority inherent in the people andsupremacy of the people, constitutional checks and balances, rule oflaw, social justice and equality, independence of judiciary, periodicelections, monitoring by civil society, full independence of the press,right to information of the people, transparency and accountability inthe activities of political parties, people's participation, neutral,competent and clean administration and to maintain good governanceby eliminating corruption and impunity,(d) to carry out an inclusive, democratic and progressive restructuring ofthe State by eliminating its existing form of centralized and unitarystructure in order to address the problems related to women, Dalits,indigenous tribes [Adivasi Janajati], Madhesis, oppressed and minoritycommunies and other disadvantaged groups, by eliminating class, caste,language, gender, cultural, religious and regional discrimination,* Amended on 2064 Paush 13 (December 28, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment) Act, 2064.80

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu $/fHosf] bfloTj,lgb] {zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx?##= /fHosf] bfloTj M/fHosf] bfloTj b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–-s_ g]kfnL hgtfdf cGt/lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] Jofjxfl/s k|Tofe"lt ug] { ljifonfO{ cfTd;ftub} { ;Djt\ *@)^$ leq :jtGq / lgikIf ¿kdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:osf] lgjf{rg;DkGg ug{ /fHon] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg s]lGb|t ug] {,-v_ b]zdf cu|ufdL /fhg}lts–cfly{s / ;fdflhs kl/jt{g ;'lglZrt ug] {,-u_ ljZjJofkL ¿kdf :jLs[t cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/, jx'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqsk|0ffnL, hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf / hgtfsf] ;jf] {Rrtf, ;+j}wflgs ;Gt'ng / lgoGq0f,sfg"gsf] zf;g, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf, cfjlws lgjf{rg,gful/s ;dfhsf] cg'udg, k"0f{ k| ]; :jtGqtf, hgtfsf] ;"rgfsf] clwsf/, /fhg}ltsbnx¿sf lqmofsnfkx¿df kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtf, hg;xeflutf, lgikIf, ;Ifdtyf :jR5 k|zf;gtGqsf cjwf/0ffx¿sf] k"0f{ kl/kfngf ug] { /fhg}lts k|0ffnL cjnDagu/L e|i6frf/ b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ub} { ;'zf;g sfod ug] {,-3_ juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]qLo e]befjsf] cGTo ub} { dlxnf,blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, pTkLl8t, pk]lIft / cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfo, lk5l8PsfIf]q nufotsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ /fHosf] jt{dfg s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds 9fFrfsf]cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs / cu|ufdL k'g;+ {/rgf ug] {,* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt -klxn] …@)^$ h]7 dlxgfleqÚ eGg] / bf];|f] ;+zf]wgdf @)^$d+l;/ dlxgfleq eGg] k|jwfg /x]sf]_81

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS†(d1) to enable Madhesi, Dalits, indigenous ethnic groups[AdivasiJanajati], women, labourers, farmers, the physically impaired,disadvantaged classes and disadvantaged regions to participate in allorgans of the State structure on the basis of proportional inclusion,(e) to formulate a common minimum programme for socio-economictransformation to eliminate all forms of feudalism and implement itgradually,(f) to pursue a policy of adopting scientific land reform programmes bygradually ending feudalistic land ownership,(g) to follow a policy of protecting and promoting national industries andresources,(h) to pursue a policy of establishing the rights of all citizens to education,health, housing, employment and food sovereignty,(i) to adopt a policy of ensuring socio-economic security and provide landto the economically backward classes, including the landless, bondedlabourers [kamaiyas], tillers [haliyas], farm labours and shepherds[haruwa charuwa],(j) to adopt a policy of taking severe action and punishing any individualwho earns unjust wealth through corruption committed while holdingan office of profit,(k) to formulate a common development strategy for socio-economictransformation and justice, as well as for rapid economic progress andprosperity of the country,(l) to follow a policy that increases investment for promoting industry,trade and export, and create opportunities for employment and incomegeneration by ensuring the professional rights of labourers,(m) to implement effectively international treaties and agreements to whichthe State is a party,(n) to repeal all discriminatory laws,(o) to use existing natural resources including water resources of the countryfor the interest of the nation,(p) to make arrangements for appropriate relief, recognition andrehabilitation for the families of those who died and for persons disabledand made helpless through injury caused during the course of the armedconflict,(q) to provide relief to the families of the victims, on the basis of the report ofthe Investigation Commission constituted to investigate the cases ofpersons who were the subject of enforced disappearance during thecourse of the conflict,† Added on 2063 Chait 30 (April 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (First Amendment) Act, 2063.82

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt† -3!_ d'n'ssf] /fHo ;+/rgfsf ;a} cËx¿df dw]zL, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dlxnf,dhb"/, ls;fg, ckfË, lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]q ;a}nfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLsf] cfwf/df;xefuL u/fpg],-ª_ ;fdGtjfbsf ;a} ¿kx¿sf] cGTo ug] { cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] Go"gtd ;femfsfo{qmd to u/L nfu" ub} { hfg],-r_ ;fdGtL e"–:jfldTjsf] cGTo ub} { j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu" ug] { gLlt cjnDag ug] {,-5_ /fli6«o pBf]uwGbf / ;fwg;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug] { gLlt cg';/0f ug] {,-h_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L / vfB ;Dk|e'tfdf ;a} gful/ssf] clwsf/ :yflkt ug]gLlt lng],-em_ ;'s'Daf;L, sd}of, xlnof, x/jf r/jf nufotsf cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 k/]sfju{nfO{ hUuf nufot cfly{s ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug] { gLlt lng],-`_ ;/sf/L nfesf] kbdf /x]/ e|i6frf/ u/L u}/ sfg"gL ;DklQ cfh{g ug] {x¿ pk/ s8fsf/afxL u/L bl08t ug] { gLlt lng],-6_ b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f Pj+ Gofosf ;fy} b]znfO{ l56f] ;d'Ggt / cfly{s¿kn] ;d[4zfnL agfpg Ps ;femf ljsf; cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ug] {,-7_ >ldssf k]zfut clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ub} { pBf]uwGbf, Jofkf/, lgof{t k|j4{g cflbsfnflu nufgL j[l4 u/L /f]huf/L Pj+ cfo cfh{gsf cj;/x¿sf] Jofks j[l4 ug] { gLltcg';/0f ug] {,-8_ /fHo kIf ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug] {,-9_ ;a} lje]bsf/L sfg"gsf] cGTo ug] {,-0f_ d'n'sdf ljBdfg hn;|f]t nufot k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] /fi6« lxtdf k|of]u ug] {,-t_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf dfl/Psfx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ tyf o; qmddf 3fOt] eO{ ckfË /czQm ePsfx¿nfO{ plrt /fxt, ;Ddfg tyf k'g:yf{kgfsf] Joj:yf ug] {,-y_ ;z:q åGbsf] qmddf j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ul7t 5fglag cfof]usf]k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df To:tf JolQmx¿sf kLl8t kl/jf/x¿nfO{ /fxt pknAw u/fpg],† g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^# -@)^# r}t #) ut]_ åf/f yk83

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(r) to conduct special programmes to rehabilitate the displaced persons, toprovide compensation for damaged private and public property, and torebuild infrastructure destroyed during the course of the conflict,#(r1) Develop a culture of resolving major political problems of the countrywith understanding, consensus and cooperation among the major politicalparties that played a pivotal role in the historic People's Movement andconcluded the Peace Accord on 6 November 2006, as well as otherpolitical parties represented in the Constituent Assembly, and(s) to constitute a high-level Truth and Reconciliation Commission toinvestigate the facts about those persons involved in serious violationsof human rights and crimes against humanity committed during thecourse of conflict, and to create an atmosphere of reconciliation in thesociety.34. Directive Principles of the State(1) It shall be the chief objective of the State to promote conditions of welfare on thebasis of the principles of an open society, by establishing a just system in all aspectsof national life, including social, economic and political life, while at the same timeprotecting the lives, property, equality and liberty of the people.(2) It shall be the objective of the State to maintain law and order and peace, protectand promote human rights, promote public welfare in the society, and createopportunities for maximum participation of the people through self-governance,while maintaining a system where people can reap the benefits of democracy.(3) It shall be the political objective of the State to build a prosperous and advancedNepal by institutionalizing democracy achieved as a result of the struggle of theNepali people and by creating an environment wherein its benefits could beenjoyed.# Added on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065.84

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-b_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf lj:yflktx¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf ug{, gi6 ePsf lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs;DklQx¿sf] xsdf /fxt k|bfg ug{ tyf Wj:t ;+/rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df0f ug{ ljz]ifsfo{qmd ;~rfng ug] {,#-b!_ P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngdf g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/L ;Djt\ @)^# sflt{s @@ut] ;xdlt sfod ug] { k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx? tyf ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]cGo /fhg}lts bnx? tyf ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug] { cGo /fhg}lts bnx?;d]t;Fu ;xdlt, ;dembf/L / ;xsfo{ u/L d'n'ssf k|d'v /fhg}lts ;d:ofx?sf];dfwfg ug] { ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug] {,-w_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g ug] { tyf dfgjtf lj?4sf]ck/fwdf ;ª\nUg JolQmx¿sf] af/]df ;To cGj]if0f ug{ tyf ;dfhdf d]nldnfksf]jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ pRr:t/Lo ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7g ug] { .#$= /fHosf lgb] {zs l;4fGtx¿M-!_ hgtfsf] hLp, wg, ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f u/L ;fdflhs, cfly{s Pj+ /fhg}lts If]qnufot /fli6«o hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf Gofok"0f{ Joj:yf sfod u/L v'nf ;dfhdf cfwfl/tnf]ssNof0fsf/L Joj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug{ ' /fHosf] k|d'v p2]Zo x'g]5 .-@_ ;dfhdf zflGt / Joj:yf sfod u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ub} { ;fj{hlgslxtsf] k|a4{g ug{ ] / :jfoQ zf;gsf] dfWodåf/f hgtfnfO{ zf;gdf clwsflws dfqfdf ;lDdlntx'g] cj;/ h'6fO{ nf]stGqsf nfex¿sf] pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf sfod ug{ ' /fHosf] p2]Zox'g]5 .-#_ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;‹if{sf] k|ltkmn:j¿k k|fKt nf]stGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ub} { ;f]sf nfex¿sf]pkef]u ug{ kfpg] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ub} { ;d'Ggt / ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0f ug] { /fHosf] /fhg}ltsp2]Zo x'g]5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f pkwf/f yk85

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(4) The fundamental economic objective of the State must be to give priority andprotection to making the national economy independent, self-reliant andprogressive by preventing the concentration of available resources and means ofthe country within a limited section of society, by making arrangements for equitabledistribution of economic gains based on social justice, by making such provision aswill prevent economic inequality and exploitation of any caste, gender, class,origin or individuals, and by giving priority and encouragement to nationalprivate and public enterprises.(5) The social objective of the State shall be to establish and develop a healthysocial life on the foundation of justice and morality, by eliminating all types ofeconomic and social inequalities and by establishing harmony among diversecastes, tribes, religions, languages, races, communities and sects.(6) The State shall, in its international relations, be guided by the objective ofenhancing the dignity of the nation in the international arena by maintainingthe sovereignty, integrity and independence of the country.35. State policies(1) The State shall pursue a policy of raising the standard of living of thegeneral public by fulfilling basic needs such as education, health, transportation,housing, and employment of the people of all regions, by equitably distributinginvestment of economic resources for balanced development of the country.(2) The State shall pursue a policy of economic development throughgovernmental, cooperative and private sectors.(3) The State shall pursue a policy of strengthening the unity of the nation bymaintaining the cultural diversity of the country through the promotion ofhealthy and harmonious social relations, on the basis of equality andcoexistence, among people of various religions, cultures, castes, communities,sects, origins, languages and linguistic groups, and by assisting in the equalpromotion of their languages, literatures, scripts, arts and cultures,(4) The State shall, while mobilizing the natural resources and heritage of thecountry that might be useful and beneficial to the interest of the nation, pursuea policy of giving priority to the local community.86

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-$_ b]zdf pknAw cfly{s ;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ ;Lldt JolQmx¿df s]lGb|t x'g glbO{ ;fdflhsGofosf] cfwf/df cfly{s pknlAwsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ s'g} klg hflt, lnË,ju{, pTklQ jf JolQm pk/ cfly{s zf]if0f x'g gkfpg] Joj:yf u/L cfly{s c;dfgtf x6fpFb}:jb]zL lghL Pj+ ;fj{hlgs pBdnfO{ k|fyldstf / k|>o lbO{ /fli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ :jtGq,cfTdlge{/ Pj+ pGgltzLn u/fpg' /fHosf] d"ne"t cfly{s p2]Zo x'g]5 .-%_ ;a} lsl;dsf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs c;dfgtf x6fO{ ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, efiff, j0f{,;d'bfo / ;Dk|bfosf aLr ;fdGh:o :yfkgf u/L Gofo / g}ltstfdf cfwfl/t :j:y ;fdflhshLjgsf] :yfkgf / ljsf; ug{ ' /fHosf] ;fdflhs p2]Zo x'g]5 .-^_ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf / :jtGqtfnfO{ sfod /fvL cGt/f{li6«o hutdf /fli6"o;Ddfgsf] clej[l4 ug] { lbzfdf /fHosf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw lgb] {lzt x'g]5 .#%= /fHosf gLltx¿M-!_ b]zsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf nflu cfly{s nufgLsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f u/L ;a} If]qsf hgtfsf]lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft, cfjf; / /f]huf/L h:tf cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿sf] ljsf; u/L hg;fwf/0fsf]hLjg:t/ j[l4 ug] { gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug] {5 .-@_ ;/sf/L, ;xsfl/tf / lghL If]qsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'sdf cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug] { gLlt /fHon]cjnDag ug] {5 .-#_ ljleGg wd{, ;+:s[lt, hflt, ;d'bfo, ;Dk|bfo, pTklQ / efiff efifLx¿sf aLr ;dfgtf Pj+;xcl:tTjsf cfwf/df :j:y / ;'dw'/ ;fdflhs ;DaGw ljsl;t u/L ;a}sf] efiff, ;flxTo,lnlk, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;dfg ljsf;åf/f b]zsf] ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf sfod /fvL /fli6«o PstfnfO{;'b[9 ug] { gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug{ ]5 .-$_ /fli6«o lxt cg's"n pkof]uL Pj+ nfebfos ¿kdf b]zsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ;Dkbfsf]kl/rfng ubf{ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug] {5 .87

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(5) The State shall make necessary arrangements to maintain the naturalenvironment. The State shall give priority to special protection of theenvironment, and rare wildlife, and prevent further damage due to physicaldevelopment activities, by increasing awareness of the general public aboutenvironmental cleanliness. Provision shall be made for the protection of theforest, vegetation and biodiversity, their sustainable use and for equitabledistribution of the benefits derived from them.(6) The State shall develop the agriculture sector as an industry by encouragingfarmers and increasing productivity, and by creating conditions for economicprogress of the majority of the people who are dependent on agriculture.(7) The State shall pursue a policy of enhancing the participation of the labourforce, as the major socio-economic force in the country, in the management ofenterprises by ensuring their right to work, and by protecting their rights andinterests.(8) The State shall pursue a policy of encouraging maximum participation ofwomen in national development by making special provision for theireducation, health and employment.(9) The State shall pursue a policy of making special provision for social securityfor the protection and welfare of single women, orphans, children, the helpless,the aged, disabled, incapacitated persons and tribes on the verge of extinction(10) The State shall pursue a policy which will help to uplift the economicallyand socially backward indigenous ethnic groups [Adivasi Janajati], Madhesis,Dalits, as well as marginalized communities, and workers and farmers livingbelow the poverty line by making provisions for reservations in education,health, housing, food security and employment for a certain period of time.(11) The State shall pursue a policy of giving priority to the development ofscience and technology with a view to bring about prosperity in the country,and shall also adopt a policy of giving due consideration to the development oflocal technology.(12) The State shall, for the purpose of national development, pursue a policyof attracting foreign capital and technology, giving priority to nationalinvestment.88

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-%_ /fHon] jftfj/0f :jR5 /fVg cfjZos Joj:yf ug] {5 . hg;fwf/0fdf jftfj/0fLo :jR5tfsf]r]tgf a9fO{ ef}lts ljsf; ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿åf/f jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ glbg Pj+jftfj/0f tyf b'n{e jGohGt'sf] ljz]if ;+/If0fdf /fHon] k|fyldstf lbg]5 . jg / jg:klt tyfh}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, bLuf] pkof]u / To;af6 k|fKt nfedf ;dGoflos afF8kmfF8sf] Joj:yfug]{5 .-^_ /fHon] ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/L s[lif If]qdf pTkfbsTj a9fO{ s[lifdf cfwfl/t clwsf+zhgtfsf] cfly{s pGglt x'g] cj:yfx¿sf] l;h{gf u/L s[lifnfO{ pBf]usf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug] {5 .-&_ b]zsf] d'Vo ;fdflhs cfly{s zlQmsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] >dzlQmnfO{ /f]huf/ pknAw u/fO{ sfdkfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/L pgLx¿sf] xs / lxtsf] ;+/If0f ub} { pBdsf] Joj:yfkgdf;xeflutf a9fpg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug] {5 .-*_ dlxnf ju{sf] lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf] ljz]if Joj:yf u/L /fli6«o ljsf;df clwsflws;xefuL agfpg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug] {5 .-(_ /fHon] Psn dlxnf, cgfy, afnaflnsf, c;xfo, j[4, ckfË, czQm / nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf];+/If0f / pGgltsf nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ug] { gLlt cjnDag ug] {5 .-!)_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, vfB;Dk|e'tf / /f]huf/Ldf lglZrt ;dosf nflu cf/If0fsf]Joj:yf u/L cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kn] lk5l8Psf cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, blnt nufot;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'gLsf dhb'/ ls;fgsf] pTyfg ug] { gLlt /fHon] cjnDagug]{5 .-!!_ b]zsf] pGgltsf nflu lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] gLlt /fHon]cjnDag ug{ 'sf ;fy} :yfgLo k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{ ] gLlt cjnDag ug{ ]5 .-!@_ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] nflu :jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ b]zdf j}b]lzs k" FhL / k|ljlwnfO{cfslif{t ug] { gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug] {5 .89

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(13) The State shall pursue the policy of creating conditions to graduallyaccelerate rural development, keeping in view the welfare of majority of therural population.(14) The State shall pursue a policy of making special provision on the basis ofpositive discrimination for the minorities, landless, squatters, bondedlabourers, persons with disability, backward communities and sections, andthe victims of conflict, including women, Dalits, indigenous tribes[AdivasiJanajati], Madhesis and Muslims.(15) The State shall pursue a policy of providing a minimum required piece ofland for settlement to the liberated bonded labourers[kamaiyas] havingdetermined their exact numbers.(16) The State shall pursue a policy of creating basic infrastructure to imparttechnical education, training and orientation for the development of that classof people dependent on labour including farmers and labourers, to motivatetheir participation in the development process of the country.(17) The State shall pursue a policy of making legal provision for allowancesto the aged, incapacitated women and the unemployed.(18) The State shall pursue a policy of modernising the traditional knowledge,skills and practices existing in the country by identifying and protecting them.(19) The State shall pursue a special policy of regulating the operation andmanagement of public and non-governmental organizations established inthe country.(20) The State shall pursue a special policy of mobilizing the youthful humanresources for the development of the country.(21) The foreign policy of Nepal shall be based on the principles of the UnitedNations Charter, nonalignment, the principles of Panchsheel, internationallaw and the norms of world peace.(22) The State shall pursue a policy of making continuous efforts toinstitutionalize peace in Nepal through international norms and values, bypromoting cooperative and good relations in economic, social and other sphereswith neighbouring friendly nations and all other countries of the world, onthe basis of equality.90

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-!# _ ax';ª\Vos u|fdL0f hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL u|fdL0f ljsf;sf] ultnfO{ tLa|t/agfpFb} n}hfg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug] {5 .-!$_ /fHon] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:nd nufot cNk;ª\Vos, e"ldxLg,;'s'Daf;L, sd}of, ckfË, lk5l8Psf If]q tyf ;d'bfo / åGå kLl8tsf nflu ;sf/fTds lje]bsfcfwf/df ljz]if Joj:yf ug] { gLlt cjnDag ug] {5 .-!%_ d'Qm sd}ofsf] ;ª\Vof osLg u/L pgLx¿sf] a;f]jf;sf] nflu cfwf/e"t e"ld / /f]huf/Lsf]Joj:yf ug] { gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug] {5 .-!^_ ls;fg, dhb'/ nufot >ddf cfl>t ju{sf] ljsf;sf] nflu k|fljlws lzIff, tfnLd,k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf u/L pgLx¿nfO{ /fHosf] ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;xefuLu/fpg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug] {5 .-!&_ j[4, czQm dlxnf tyf a]/f]huf/nfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf u/L eQf lbg] gLlt cjnDag ug] {5 .-!*_ d'n'sdf ljBdfg k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / cEof;sf] klxrfg / ;+/If0f ub{ } To;nfO{cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ ] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug{ ]5 .-!(_ d'n'sdf :yfkgf ePsf ;fj{hlgs tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkgdflgodg ug{ /fHon] ljz]if gLlt cjnDag ug] {5 .-@)_ b]zsf] ljsf;df o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ kl/rfng ug{ /fHon] ljz]if gLlt cjnDag ug] {5 .-@!_ /fHon] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] a8fkq, c;+nUgtf, k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt, cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g /ljZjzflGtsf] dfGotfsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLlt lng]5 .-@@_ l5d]sL ldq /fi6«x¿ / ;+;f/sf c? ;a} d'n'sx¿l;t cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pj+ cGo If]qdf;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df ;xof]ufTds ;';DaGw sfod u/L g]kfndf zflGtnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfsf]cfwf/df ;+:yfut ub{ } hfg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug] {5 .91

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS36. Questions not to be raised in court(1) No question shall be raised in any court as to whether provisions containedin this Part are implemented or not.(2) The State shall mobilize or cause the mobilization of the required resourcesand necessary means for the implementation of the principles and policiescontained in this Part.92

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt#^=cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg g;lsg]M-!_ o; efudf n]lvPsf ljifox¿ sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zgp7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .-@_ /fHon] o; efudf plNnlvt l;4fGt tyf gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;|f]t /;fwg kl/rfng ug] { jf u/fpg]5 .93

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS*PART (4A)THE PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT36A. President:(1) There shall be a President in Nepal.(2) The President shall be the Head of State and shall perform his/her dutiesin that capacity according to this Constitution and laws in force.(3) The main responsibility of the President shall be to protect and adhere tothe Constitution.#36B. Election of the President:(1) The Constituent Assembly shall elect the President on the basis of politicalconsensus.(2) If a consensus could not be reached according to Clause (1), the candidatewho receives a majority of the votes of the total members present in theAssembly shall be considered elected to the post of the President.(3) The other procedures relating to the election of the President shall be asdetermined by the Constituent Assembly.(4) If any individual who is elected to the position of the President alreadyholds a political position through election, nomination or appointment, theposition held by such a person automatically becomes vacant.36C. Term of the President:The President shall continue in office until the new constitution ispromulgated by the Constituent Assembly.36D. Qualifications of the President:A person shall be eligible to be President if she/he fulfils the followingqualifications:(a)She/he is eligible to be a member of the Constituent Assembly; and(b) She/he has attained at least 35 years of age.94*Part (4A) added on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act 2065. Originallyread 36b. Election of the Prewdent: The Constituent Assembly shall elect the President.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt*efu $s=/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«klt#^s= /fi6«kltM-!_ g]kfndf Pshgf /fi6«klt /xg]5 .-@_ /fi6«klt d'n'ssf] /fi6«WoIf x'g]5 / ;f]xL x}l;otdf o; ;+ljwfg / k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd lghn] cfk\mgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .-#_ ;+ljwfgsf] ;+/If0f / kfngf ug' { /fi6«kltsf] k|d'v st{Jo x'g]5 .##^v= /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg M-!_ /fhg}lts ;xdltsf cfwf/df /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ;+ljwfg ;efn] ug]{5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df ;+ljwfg ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] ax'dt k|fKt ug] { JolQm /fi6«kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dflgg]5 .-#_ /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw ;+ljwfg ;efn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .-$_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQmåf/f k"lt{ x'g] s'g} klg /fhg}lts kbdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm/fi6«kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] To:tf] kb :jtM l/Qm x'g]5 .#^u= /fi6«kltsf] kbfjlwM/fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 hf/L x'g] ;+ljwfg k|f/De geP;Ddsf nflux'g]5 .#^3= /fi6«kltsf] of]UotfM/fi6«klt x'gsf] nflu s'g} klg JolQmn] b]xfosf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg{]5 M–-s_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo ePsf],-v_ sDtLdf k} +tL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f efu $s yk .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt M klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf #^v /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgM/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ;+ljwfg ;efn] ug] {595

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS36E. Vacancy in office of President:The office of President shall become vacant under the followingcircumstances:(a) If she/he submits his/her resignation to the Vice-President;(b) If an impeachment motion, based on charges of gross violation of theConstitution, is passed against the President by at least two-thirds majorityof the total Constituent Assembly members present; or(c) If she/he dies.36F. Oath:The President shall take the oath of office and secrecy before the Chief Justicein accordance with Schedule-1 before taking up the responsibilities of theoffice.36G. Vice-President:(1) There shall be a Vice-President in Nepal.(2) The Vice-President shall perform the duties of the President in his absence,or until a new president is elected in the case when the position falls vacantaccording to Article 36E.#(3) If any individual who is elected to the position of the Vice-Presidentalready holds a political position through election, nomination orappointment, the position held by such a person automatically becomesvacant.36H. Vacancy in office of the Vice-President:The office of Vice-President shall become vacant under the followingcircumstances:(a) If she/he submits his/her resignation to the President;(b) If an impeachment motion against the Vice President, based on chargesof gross violation of the Constitution, is passed by at least two-thirds majorityof the total Constituent Assembly members present; or(c) If she/he dies.# Added on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065.96

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt#^ª= /fi6«klt kb d'Qm x'g] cj:yf Mb]xfosf] cj:yfdf /fi6«klt cfk\mgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5M–-s_ lghn] pk/fi6«klt ;dIf /flhgfdf lbPdf,-v_ lghn] ;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf tTsfnsfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 lghsf] lj?4dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .#^r= /fi6«kltsf] zky M/fi6«kltn] cfk\mgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 cg';"rL–!s= sf] 9fFrfdf k|wfg GofofwLz;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .#^5= pk/fi6«klt M-!_ g]kfndf Pshgf pk/fi6«klt x'g]5 .-@_ wf/f #^ª= adf]lhd /fi6«klt kbd'Qm eO{ csf]{ /fi6«klt lgjf{lrt geP;Dd jf/fi6«kltsf] cg'kl:yltdf /fi6«kltaf6 ul/g] sfo{x? pk/fi6«kltaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g]5 .#-#_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQmåf/f k"lt{ x'g] s'g} klg /fhg}lts kbdf axfn/x]sf] JolQm pk/fi6«kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] To:tf] kb :jtM l/Qmx'g]5 .#^h= pk/fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf Mb]xfosf] cj:yfdf pk/fi6«klt cfk\mgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5M–-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf /flhgfdf lbPdf,-v_ lghn] ;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf tTsfnsfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 lghsf] lj?4dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f yk97

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS36I. Other provisions regarding the Vice-President:(1) # The qualifications of, and the provisions regarding the election processfor, and tenure of office the Vice-President shall be the same as for thePresident.(2) The Vice-President shall take the oath of office and secrecy before thePresident in the manner prescribed in Schedule (1) before taking up theresponsibility of the office.36J. Remuneration and other benefits of the President and the Vice-President:The remuneration and other benefits of the President and the Vice-Presidentshall be as determined by an Act, and until so determined these shall be asspecified by the Government of Nepal.##36K. Secretariate of the President and Vice-President:Separate offices shall be set up to assist the work of the President and theVice-President(2) The Government of Nepal shall provide personnel and other managementto support the work of the office under clause (1).# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065.## Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread 36K. Secretariat of the President: (1) There shall be a Secretariat to assist in the President's work. (1). The Governmentof Nepal shall provide personnel and other management to support the work of the offices under Clause (1)(2) The Government of Nepal shall provide required personnel and make necessary arrangements for the carrying out of thework of the Secretariat according to Clause (1)98

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt#^em= pk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M-!_ pk/fi6«kltsf] # of]Uotf, lgjf{rg k|lqmof tyf kbfjlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf /fi6«kltsf];/x x'g]5 .-@_ pk/fi6«kltn] cfk\mgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 cg';"rL–!s= sf] 9fFrfdf /fki6«klt;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .#^`= /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf M/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdx'g]5 / To:tf] P]g gag];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .###^6= /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no M-!_ /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfo{nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] nflu 5'§f5'§} sfof{no/xg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng ug{ cfjZossd{rf/L tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx? g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joj:yf ug]{5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM of]Uotf tyf lgjf{rg k|lqmof##g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM #^6= /fi6«kltsf] ;lrjfno M -!_/fi6«kltsf] sfo{nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] nflu Ps ;lrjfno /xg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;lrnfjosf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos sd{rf/L tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx? g]kfn ;/sf/n]Joj:yf ug] {5 .99

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 5THE EXECUTIVE37. Executive power(1) The executive power of Nepal shall, pursuant to this Constitution andother laws, be vested in the Council of Ministers.(2) The responsibility for issuing general directives, controlling and regulatingthe administration of Nepal shall, subject to this Constitution and other laws,lie in the Council of Ministers.(3) The executive functions of Nepal shall be exercised in the name of theGovernment of Nepal.(4) Any decision or order or implementation warrant to be issued in the nameof the Government of Nepal, pursuant to clause (3) above, shall be authenticatedas prescribed by law.38. Constitution of the Council of Ministers(1) The Prime Minister shall be selected by political consensus and the Councilof Ministers shall be formed under the chairpersonship of the Prime Minister.#(2) If consensus cannot be reached pursuant to clause (1), the Prime Ministershall be elected by a majority of ## the total number of the members present of theLegislature-Parliament.(3) The structure of, and allocation of portfolios to, the Interim Council ofMinisters shall be determined by consensus.(4) The Council of Ministers shall consist of a Deputy Prime Minister andother Ministers as required.100#Removed on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constituion of Nepal (Fifth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread. Explanation: For the purpose of this Consitution "political consensus" means the political consensus reached between theseven political parties - Nepali Congress, Communist Party of Nepal (UML), ** Janamorcha Nepal, Nepal Sadbhawana Party(Anandidevi), Nepal Majdur Kisan Party, Samyukta Bam Morcha Nepal - Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) on 22 Kartik2063 (November 8, 2006)** The words Nepali Congress (Democratic) is deleted on 2064 Poush 13 (28 December 2007) by the Interim Constitution ofNepal (Third Amendment)## Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fifth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: Two-thirds of the members .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu %sfo{kflnsf#&=sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/M-!_ g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"g adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\df lglxt x'g]5 .-@_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb] {zg, lgoGq0f/ ;~rfng ug] { cleef/f dlGqkl/ifb\ pk/ x'g]5 .-#_ g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL sfdx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf cfb]z / tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf]k|df0fLs/0f sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .#*= dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7gM-!_ /fhg}lts ;xdltsf cfwf/df k|wfgdGqL / lghsf] cWoIftfdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g x'g]5 .#-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]##tTsfn sfod /x]sf;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] ax'dtsf] cfwf/df k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt x'g]5 .-#_ cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ;+/rgf / sfo{ ljefhg cfk;L ;xdltaf6 to ul/g]5 .-$_ dlGqkl/ifb\df cfjZostf cg';f/ pk-k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿ /xg] 5g\ .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f lemlsPsf] . klxnf] Joj:yf M:ki6Ls/0f M o; ;+ljwfgsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ/fhg}lts ;xldtÆ eGgfn] ;Djt\ @)^# ;fn sflt{s @@ ut] /fhg}lts ;xdlt sfodug]{ g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]skf -Pdfn]_, ** hgdf]rf{ g]kfn, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{, ;+o'Qm jfd df]rf{g]kfn ;lxtsf ;ft /fhg}lts bnx? / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLrsf] ;xldt ;Demg' k5{ .** g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ eGg] zAb lemlsPsf]##g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn]sf] Joj:yf M b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:osf]101

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSExplanation: For the purpose of this Article the word 'Minister' shall alsomean a Minister of State who holds an independent portfolio in a Ministry.(5) The Prime Minister shall appoint Ministers on the recommendation of thepolitical parties concerned from among the members of the Legislature-Parliament.(6) The Prime Minister and other Ministers shall be collectively responsible tothe Legislature-Parliament, and the Ministers shall be individually responsibleto the Prime Minister and the Legislature-Parliament for the work of theirrespective Ministries.(7) The Prime Minister shall cease to hold office in the following circumstancesa) if he or she submits a written resignation *to the President,(1a) if a vote of no-confidence is passed against him/her pursuant toArticle 55b) if he/she ceases to be a member of the Legislature-Parliament; orc) if he/she dies.(8) The Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers, State Ministers and Assistant Ministersshall cease to hold their respective offices in the following circumstances(a) if he or she submits a written resignation to the Prime Minister,(b) if the Prime Minister ceases to hold his/her office pursuant to clause (7),(c) if he/she is removed from his/her office by the Prime Minister upon therecommendation of or in consultation with the party concerned, or(d) if he/she dies.(9) If the Prime Minister ceases to hold office pursuant to clause (7), the existingCouncil of Ministers shall continue to function until a new Council of Ministers isconstituted.(10) In the case of the death of the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister or theseniormost Minister shall act as Prime Minister until a new Prime Minister isselected.* Amended on 2065 Jesth 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: to the speaker of legislature parliament. Added on 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment) Act, 2064.102

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt:ki6Ls/0fM o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ædGqLÆ eGgfn] dGqfnosf] 5'§} sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg] /fHodGqL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .-%_ k|wfgdGqLn] dGqL lgo'lQm ubf{ ;DalGwt bnsf] l;kmfl/;df Joj:yflksf– ;+;bsf] ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 lgo'lQm ug' { kg{ ]5 .-^_ k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿ Joj:yflksf–;+;bk|lt ;fd"lxs ¿kdf pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ /dGqLx¿ cfˆgf dGqfnosf] sfdsf nflu JolQmut ¿kdf k|wfgdGqL / Joj:yflksf–;+;bk|ltpQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ .-&_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqL cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5M–-s_ */fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-s!_ wf/f %%s adf]lhd lghsf] lj¿4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf,-v_ lgh Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df, jf-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .-*_ pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL tyf ;xfos dGqL b]xfosf cj:yfdf cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qmx'g]5g\ M–-s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePdf,-u_ ;DalGwt bnsf] l;kmfl/;df jf ;DalGwt bn;Fusf] ;Nnfxdf k|wfgdGqLn] lghnfO{kbd'Qm u/]df, jf-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .-(_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePklg csf] { dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g geP;Dd;f]xL dlGqkl/ifb\n] sfo{ ;~rfng u/L /xg]5 .-!)_ k|wfgdGqLsf] d[To' ePdf gofF k|wfgdGqLsf] rog geP;Ddsf] nflu pk–k|wfgdGqL jfjl/i7td dGqLn] k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf sfo{ ;~rfng ug] {5 .* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f yk ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;efd'v;dIfg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ h]7 #) ut]_ åf/f yk103

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS39. State Ministers and Assistant Ministers(1) The Prime Minister may, on the recommendation of the political partyconcerned, appoint any Minister of State from among the members ofLegislature-Parliament.(2) The Prime Minister may, on the recommendation of the political partyconcerned, appoint any Assistant Minister from among the members ofLegislature-Parliament to assist any Minister in carrying out his/herresponsibility.40. Appointment of non-member of Legislature-Parliament as MinisterNotwithstanding anything contained in Articles 38 and 39, the Prime Ministermay appoint any person who is not a member of Legislature-Parliament asDeputy Prime Minister, Minister, State Minister or Assistant- Minister †on thebasis of political consensus.41. Remuneration and other benefitsThe remuneration and other benefits of the Prime Minister, Deputy PrimeMinister, Ministers, State Ministers and Assistant Ministers shall be asdetermined by an Act. Until so determined, they shall be as specified by theGovernment of Nepal.42. OathThe Prime Minister shall take his/her oath of office and secrecy *before thePresident, and the Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers, State Ministers andAssistant Ministers shall take their oath of office and secrecy before the PrimeMinister.43. Conduct of business of the Government of Nepal(1) The conduct of business of the Government of Nepal shall be carried outconsistently with the aspirations of the united people's movement, politicalconsensus and culture of mutual cooperation. The common minimumprogramme prepared through mutual agreement shall be the basis of thepolicies of the Government of Nepal.104† Words added on 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment) Act, 2064.*Amended on 2065 Jesth 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: before the Legislature - Parliament

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt#(= /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqLM-!_ k|wfgdGqLn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:ox¿ dWo]af6 ;DalGwt /fhg}lts bnsf] l;kmfl/;df/fHo dGqL lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ k|wfgdGqLn] s'g} dGqLnfO{ lghsf] sfo{ef/ ;~rfngdf ;xfotf ug{ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf];b:ox¿ dWo]af6 ;DalGwt /fhg}lts bnsf] l;kmfl/;df ;xfos dGqL lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .$)= Joj:yflksf—;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]Mwf/f #* / #( df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|wfgdGqLn] †/fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/dfJoj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL jf ;xfosdGqL kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .$!= kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwfx¿Mk|wfgdGqL, pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqLx¿sf] kfl/>lds / cGo ;'ljwfx¿P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f x'g]5 . ;f] adf]lhd P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdx'g]5 .$@=zkyMk|wfgdGqLn] */fi6«klt ;dIf / pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL tyf ;xfos dGqLn] k|wfgdGqL;dIf cfˆgf] kb / uf]kgLotfsf] zky u|x0f ug' { kg] {5 .$#= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfngM-!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;~rfng ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgf, /fhg}lts ;xdlt / ;xsfo{sf];+:s[lt cg'¿k ul/g]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;~rfngsf] gLltut cfwf/ cfk;L ;xdltaf6 tof/ul/Psf] Go"gtd ;femf sfo{qmd x'g]5 .† g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ h]7 #) ut]_ åf/f yk*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf .105

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(2) The allocation of portfolios and transaction of business of the Governmentof Nepal shall be carried out as provided for in rules approved by theGovernment of Nepal.(3) No question shall be raised in any court as to whether or not rules madepursuant to clause (2) above have been observed.44. The Council of Ministers after the formation of Constituent AssemblyAfter the formation of the Constituent Assembly, the exercise of the executivepower, constitution of the Council of Ministers and other matters related theretoshall, mutatis mutandis, be in accordance with the provisions in this Part.106

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t lgodfjnL adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbgx'g]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -@_ cGtu{tsf] lgodfjnLsf] kfngf eof] jf ePg eGg] k|Zg s'g} cbfntdf p7fpg;lsg] 5}g .$$= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb\M;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5 sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] k|of]u, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g / tT;DaGwLcGo s'/f cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt o;} efudf n]lvPsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd x'g]5 .107

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 6LEGISLATURE-PARLIAMENT## Articles 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 removed on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim constituion of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originally read: as shown in the box below.45. Constitution of Legislature-Parliament(1) There shall be a unicameral Legislature-Parliament in Nepal which shall consistof the following 330 members as set out in schedule 2(a) 209 members of the seven political parties and other parties who weresitting as elected members of the House of Representatives and NationalAssembly immediately before the commencement of this Constitution,Explanation: The phrase "Seven Political Parties" means Nepali Congress,Communist Party of Nepal (UML), † Janamorcha Nepal, Nepal Sadbhawana(Anandidevi), Nepal Majdur Kisan Party and Samyukta Bam Morcha(United Left Front), which reached a political understanding on Kartik 22,2063 (November 8, 2006),† The words Nepali Congress (Democratic) is deleted on 2064 Paush 13 (28December 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment)(b) 73 members on behalf of Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist),(c) 48 members nominated by consensus from the Samyukta Bam Morcha,people-based and professional organizations, oppressed communities,backward regions, indigenous ethnic groups[Adivasi Janajati], and fromamong women and various political personalities.(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), persons who wereagainst the People's Movement shall not be in the Legislature-Parliament.(3) The Legislature-Parliament shall be conducted on the basis of political consensus.(4) The term of the Legislature-Parliament shall come to an end following thefirst meeting of the Constituent Assembly.(5) If any seat of a member of the Legislature-Parliament falls vacant, for anyreason, the vacancy shall be filled for the remaining period by nomination bythe same political party or group which the member was representing.108

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu ^Joj:yflksf–;+;b##g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f wf/f $%, $^, $&, $* /$( x6fOPsf] . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfnfO{ aS;df lbOPsf] 5 .$%= Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] u7gM-!_ g]kfndf Ps ;bgfTds Joj:yflksf–;+;b /xg]5 h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cg';"rL–@ dfplNnlvt ##) ;b:o /xg]5g\ M—-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g'eGbf tTsfn cl3 sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw;ef / /fli6«o;efsf ;ft/fhg}lts bn / cGo bnsf lgjf{lrt ;b:ox¿ ;d]t u/L @)( hgf,:ki6Ls/0fM æ;ft /fhg}lts bnÆ eGgfn] ;Djt\ @)^# ;fn sflt{s @@ ut] /fhg}lts;xdlt sfod ug] { g]kfnL sf+u| ];, g]skf -Pdfn]_, † hgdf]rf{ g]kfn, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{-cfgGbLb]jL_, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ / ;+o'Qm jfd df]rf{nfO{ hgfpF5 .†g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f g]kfnL sf+u|];-k|hftflGqs_ eGg] zAb lemlsPsf]-v_ g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] tkm{af6 &# hgf,-u_ ;+o'Qm jfd df]rf{, hgjuL{o tyf k]zfut ;Ë7g, pTkLl8t hflt, lk5l8Psf] If]q,cflbjf;L hghflt / dlxnf tyf /fhg}lts JolQmTjx¿af6 ;xdltsf cfwf/df dgf]gLt$* hgf .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg hgcfGbf]ngsf] ljkIfdf /x]sf JolQmx¿Joj:yflksf-;+;bdf /xg] 5}gg\ .-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;b /fhg}lts ;xdltsf cfwf/df ;~rfng ul/g]5 .-$_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfo{sfn ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a;]kl5 ;dfKt x'g]5 .-%_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm ePdf afFsL cjlwsf] nflu h'g/fhg}lts bn jf ;d"xaf6 k|ltlglwTj ePsf] xf] ;f]xL /fhg}lts bn jf ;d"xaf6 dgf]gog eO{l/Qm :yfg k"lt{ x'g]5 .109

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS*(6) The Speaker shall notify the Assembly if the vacant seat of any member isfilled by nomination according to clause (5) of Article 45 and inform it aboutthe removal of the name of the member from the relevant part of Schedule 2 andthe adding of the name of the nominated member in alphabetical order. If theLegislature-Parliament is not in session such notice shall be put on the noticeboard of the Legislature-Parliament. The name of the nominated member shallbe deemed to be included in the relevant part of Schedule 2 after the proceduresspecified in this clause are completed.* Added on 2064 Paush 13 (28 December 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment)46. Qualifications for membershipIn order to be a member of the Legislature-Parliament, a person must satisfy thefollowing qualifications(a) be a citizen of Nepal,(b) have attained at least twenty-five years of age,(c) be committed to the spirit of the peoples' movement,(d) not be holding any office of profit.Explanation: For the purpose of sub-clause (d), "office of profit" means anyposition, other than a political position, filled by election or nomination, forwhich remuneration or economic benefit is paid out of a Government Fund.47. Decision as to disqualification of membersIf a question arises as to whether a member of Legislature-Parliament isdisqualified or has ceased to possess any of the qualifications set out in Article46, the final decision shall be made by the Legislature-Parliament.48. Vacation of seatThe seat of a member of the Legislature-Parliament becomes vacant in thefollowing circumstances(a) if he/she resigns in writing,(b) if he/she does not have the qualifications specified in Article 46,(c) if the party he/she represented gives notice that he/she is no longer inthe party,(d) if the tenure of the Legislature-Parliament expires, or(e) if he/she dies.49. OathEach member of the Legislature-Parliament shall, before taking part for the firsttime in the Legislature-Parliament meeting, take an oath in the specified form.110

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt*-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd dgf]gLt eO{ l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{ ePsf]df To;/L l/Qm ePsf] ;b:osf]gfd cg';"rL–@ sf] ;DalGwt v08af6 x6]sf] / ;f]xL v08df To;/L dgf]gog ePsf] ;b:osf]gfd j0ff{g'qmd cg';f/ ;dfj]z ePsf] ;"rgf ;efd'vn] ;efnfO{ lbg' kg] {5 . Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]clwj]zg jf a}7s grn]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;"rgf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;"rgf–kf6Ldf k|sfzgug' { kg] {5 . o; pkwf/f adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f ePkl5 dgf]gLt ;b:osf] gfd cg';"rL–@ sf];DalGwt v08df ;dfj]z ePsf] dflgg]5* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f yk$^=$&=;b:osf nflu of]UotfMJoj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o x'gsf nflu s'g} klg JolQmn] b]xfosf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg] {5M–-s_ g]kfnsf] gful/s,-v_ sDtLdf kRrL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],-u_ hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgfk|lt k|ltj4 /x]sf],-3_ s'g} nfesf] kb wf/0f gu/]sf] .:ki6Ls/0fM o; wf/fsf] v08 -3_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ænfesf] kbÆ eGgfn] lgjf{lrt jfdgf]gogåf/f k"lt{ ul/g] /fhg}lts kb afx]s ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds jf cfly{s ;'ljwf kfpg]cGo kb ;Demg' k5{ .;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL lg0f{oMJoj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} ;b:o wf/f $^ cg';f/ cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]dfTo;sf] clGtd lg0f{o Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] ug{ ]5 .$*= :yfg l/QmtfMJoj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:osf] :yfg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf l/Qm x'g]5M–-s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ wf/f $^ adf]lhd lghsf] of]Uotf gePdf,-u_ h'g /fhg}lts bnaf6 k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] xf] ;f] /fhg}lts bndf g/x]sf] ;"rgf ;DalGwtbnn] hfgsf/L u/fPdf,-3_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePdf, jf-ª_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .$(= zkyMJoj:yflksf–;+;bsf] k|To]s ;b:on] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] klxnf] a}7sdf efu lng'eGbf cl3lgwf{l/t ¿kdf zky lng' kg] {5 .111

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS50. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament(1) The Legislature-Parliament shall elect a Speaker and a Deputy Speakerfrom among its members by political consensus. If a consensus cannot bereached, a majority of two-thirds of its total members shall elect them. If theoffice of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker falls vacant, the Legislature-Parliament shall fill the vacancy through election from among its members.(2) The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament shall notbe members of the same political party.(3) In the absence of the Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament, the DeputySpeaker shall chair the meeting of the Legislature-Parliament.(4) If the election of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker has not taken place, or if boththe positions become vacant, the member who is the seniormost by age among themembers present, shall preside over the meeting of the Legislature-Parliament.(5) The office of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall become vacant in thefollowing circumstances(a) if he or she ceases to be a member of the Legislature-Parliament,(b) if he or she submits a written resignation,(c) if a resolution is adopted by a majority of two-thirds of the total numberof members existing for the time being in the Legislature-Parliament, tothe effect that his or her conduct is not compatible with his or her position.(6) The Deputy Speaker shall preside over the meeting at which deliberationsare to be held on a resolution that the conduct of the Speaker is not compatiblewith his or her position. The Speaker shall be entitled to take part and vote inthe deliberations on such a resolution.51. Summoning and prorogation of sessions(1) # The President shall, on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, summonsessions of the Legislature-Parliament from time to time,(2) ## The President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister shall proroguethe session of the Legislature-Parliament.112# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: The Prime Minister ... for the first time ... and Subsequent sessions.## Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: The Prime Minister shall, in consultation with the Speaker

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt%)= Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'v / pk–;efd'vM-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf ;b:o dWo]af6 Pshgf ;efd'v / Pshgf pk–;efd'vsf]lgjf{rg /fhg}lts ;xdltaf6 ug] {5 . ;xdlt x'g g;s]df Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf]b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 lgjf{rg ul/g]5 . ;efd'v jf pk–;efd'vsf] kb l/Qm ePdf Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf] ;b:ox¿ dWo]af6 lgjf{rg u/L l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{ ug] {5 .-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'v / pk–;efd'v Pp6} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o x'g ;Sg] 5}g .-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'vsf] cg'kl:yltdf pk–;efd'vn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7ssf]cWoIftf ug] {5 .-$_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'v / pk–;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg gePsf] jf b'j} kb l/Qm /x]sf]cj:yfdf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿ dWo] pd]/sf] lx;fjn] h]i7;b:on] ug] {5 .-%_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'v jf pk–;efd'vsf] kb b]xfosf] cj:yfdf l/Qm x'g]5M–-s_ lgh Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df,-v_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-u_ lghn] kb cg's"n cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] tTsfn sfod/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf .-^_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'vn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmnx'g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pk–;efd'vn] ug] {5 . ;f] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf ;efd'vn] efu lng /dtbfg ug{ kfpg]5 .%!= clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGtM-!_ # /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;do ;dodf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfJxfgug]{5 .-@_ ## /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zgsf] cGt ug] {5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M k|wfgdGqLn] klxnf] k6s / To;kl5##g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M ;efd'vsf] k/fdz{df k|wfgdGqLn]113

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS† (3) If, when the Legislature-Parliament is not in session or has been adjourned,at least one-fourth of all its members submit a request stating that it is desirablethat a session or meeting of the Legislature-Parliament be called, Ω the Presidentshall call the session or meeting of the Parliament by setting the date and timefor this within a fortnight, and the Legislature-Parliament shall convene orcommence its session on the specified date and at the time thus fixed.Explanation: For the purposes of this Clause 'request' should be understood asa written petition submitted by the applicants with their signatures.52. Address by *the President*The President shall address the session of the Legislature-Parliamentpresenting the annual policy and programmes of the Government.53. QuorumExcept as otherwise provided for in this Constitution, no proposal or resolutionshall be presented for decision in any meeting of the Legislature-Parliamentunless one-fourth of the total number of members are present.54. Transaction of business in case of vacancy in membership(1) The proceedings of the Legislature-Parliament shall be conductednotwithstanding any vacancies in its membership, and no proceedings shallbecome invalid even if it is subsequently found that a person not entitled totake part in the proceedings participated.(2) A Minister, Minister of State or Assistant Minister who is not a member ofthe Legislature-Parliament shall be entitled to attend the session of Legislature-Parliament or any meeting of its Committee.Provided that he/she shall not have the right to vote.55. VotingExcept as otherwise provided for in this Constitution, all questions submittedfor decision in the Legislature-Parliament shall be decided by a majority voteof the members present and voting. Normally, the presiding member shall nothave the right to vote.Provided that in case of a tie he/she may exercise a casting vote.114† Clause (3) and its clarification added on 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (SecondAmendment) Act, 2064.Ω Amended on 2065 Mangsir 26 (December 11, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Sixth Amendment) Act, 2065.*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt†-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg jf a}7s rfn" g/x]sf] jf :ylut /x]sf] cj:yfdfclwj]zg jf a}7s af]nfpg jf~5gLo 5 egL Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf tTsfn sfod/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO ;b:ox¿n] ;dfj]bg u/]sf] ldltn]!% lbgleq a}7s a:g] u/L / Ω /fi6«kltn] ldlt / ;do tf]sL To:tf] clwj]zg jfa}7s af]nfpg]5 / To;/L tf]lsPsf] ldlt / ;dodf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zgjf a}7s k|f/De x'g] jf a:g]5 .:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ;dfj]bgÆ eGgfn] lgj]bg k]; ug] { JolQmsf] x:tfIf/ePsf] lnvt ;Demg'k5{ .%@=*/fi6«kltaf6 ;Daf]wgM*/fi6«kltn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zgdf ;/sf/sf] jflif{s gLlt sfo{qmd k|:t't u/L;Daf]wg ug{ ]5 .%#= u0fk"/s ;ª\VofMo; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg a}7sdf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o;ª\Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt geP;Dd s'g} k|Zg jf k|:tfj lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ul/g] 5}g .%$= ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfngM-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm 5 eg] klg Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf] sfo{;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 / Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} sf/afxLdf efu lng gkfpg] s'g} JolQmn] efulnPsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO;s]sf] s'g} sfo{ cdfGo x'g] 5}g .-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]sf] dGqL, /fHo dGqL jf ;xfos dGqLn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bjf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5 .t/ lghnfO{ dtbfg ug] { clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .%%= dtbfgMo; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg a}7sdf lg0f{osf] nfluk|:t't ul/Psf] h'g;'s} k|Zgsf] lg0f{o pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug] { ;b:ox¿sf] ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 .cWoIftf ug] { JolQmnfO{ ;fdfGotM dt lbg] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf lghn] cfˆgf] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .† g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ h]7 #) ut]_ åf/f pkwf/f -#_ / To;sf] :ki6Ls/0f ykΩ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -5}7f} + ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% dª\l;/ @^ ut]_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M k|wfgdGqLn]*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]115

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS*55A. Vote of confidence(1) If the Prime Minister considers it necessary or appropriate to make it clearthat the Legislature-Parliament has confidence in him, he may propose a voteof confidence to the Legislature Parliament any time.2) At least one-fourth of the total number of the members of the Legislature-Parliament may propose a no-confidence motion stating that the Legislature-Parliament has no confidence in the Prime Minister.Provided that a no-confidence motion against the same Prime Ministershall not be moved more than once within six months.(3) A decision on the motion pursuant to Clause (1) or (2) shall be made by #a majority of the members of the Legislature-Parliament present.56. Privileges(1) There shall be full freedom of speech in the meeting of the Legislature-Parliament and no member shall be arrested or detained or prosecuted in anycourt for anything expressed or for any vote cast in that meeting.(2) The Legislature-Parliament shall have full power to regulate its business,and it shall have the exclusive right to decide whether or not any proceeding ofthe Legislature-Parliament is regular. No question shall be raised in any courtin this regard.(3) No comment shall be made about the good faith of any proceedings of theLegislature-Parliament, and no person shall make or disseminate anythingabout comments or suggestions made by any member, deliberatelymisinterpreting or distorting their meaning.(4) No proceedings shall be initiated in any court against any person forpublication made under authority given by the Legislature-Parliament of anydocument, report, vote or proceeding.Explanation: For the purposes of clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4), the word"Legislature-Parliament" shall mean the Legislature-Parliament and any of itscommittees.116(5) No member of Legislature-Parliament shall be arrested during the sessionof the Legislature-Parliament.* Article 55A added on 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment), 2064.# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: a two-thirds

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt*%%s= ljZjf;sf] dtM-!_ k|wfgdGqLn] s'g} klg jvt cfkm"dfly Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ljZjf; 5 eGg] s'/f:ki6 ug{ cfjZos jf pko'Qm 7fg]df ljZjf;sf] dtsf] nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;b;dIfk|:tfj /fVg ;Sg]5 .-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO ;b:on] k|wfgdGqLpk/Joj:yflksf–;+;b\sf] ljZjf; 5}g egL lnlvt¿kdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]; ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .t/, Pp6} k|wfgdGqLpk/ 5 dlxgfdf Psk6seGbf a9L cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]; ug{;lsg] 5}g .-#_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] lg0f{o Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf;b:o ;ª\Vofsf]#ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 .%^=ljz]ifflwsf/M-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf k"0f{ jfs :jtGqtf /xg]5 / ;f] a}7sdf JoQm u/]sf] s'g} s'/fjf lbPsf] s'g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ kqmfp ug{, y'gfdf /fVg jf lgh pk/ s'g}cbfntdf s'g} sf/afxL rnfpg ;lsg] 5}g .-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ cfˆgf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/afxL lgoldt ug{ ] k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg]5 / s'g}sf/afxL lgoldt jf clgoldt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o ug{ ] clwsf/ Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ dfqx'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg sfd sf/afxLnfO{ To;sf] c;n lgotaf/] z+sf p7fO{ s'g} l6sfl6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s'g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf hfgL–hfgL unt jf e|fds cy{nufO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ul/g] 5}g .-$_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] lbPsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s'g} lnvt, k|ltj]bg, dtbfg jf sf/afxLk|sflzt u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} JolQm pk/ cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfpg ;lsg] 5}g .:ki6Ls/0fM pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æJoj:yflksf–;+;bÆ eGgfn]Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] / To;sf] s'g} ;ldlt ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .-%_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg cjlwe/ kqmfpul/g] 5}g .* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ h]7 #) ut]_ åf/f wf/f %%s= yk#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM sDtLdf b'O{ltxfO117

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSProvided that nothing in this clause shall be deemed to prevent the arrestof any member on a criminal charge under any law. If any member is soarrested, the authority making such arrest shall immediately inform the personchairing the Legislature-Parliament.(6) Any breach of privilege provided for in this Article shall be deemed toconstitute contempt of the Legislature-Parliament and the Legislature-Parliament shall have the exclusive right to decide whether or not any breachof privilege of the legislature has taken place.(7) If a person is in contempt of the Legislature-Parliament, the person chairingthe meeting may, in accordance with a decision by the meeting to that effect,reprimand or warn or impose a sentence of imprisonment not exceeding threemonths or impose a fine of up to ten thousand rupees on such a person. If thefine is not paid by such a person, it shall be recoverable as government dues.Provided that if such a person submits an apology to the satisfaction ofthe Legislature-Parliament, it may either pardon him/her or alter the sentenceimposed on him/her.(8) Other matters relating to privileges not mentioned in this Constitution shallbe as determined by law.57. Procedure relating to the conduct of businessThe Legislature-Parliament shall, subject to provisions of this Constitution,conduct its business on the basis of political consensus, and frame rules formaintaining order during its meetings and to regulate the constitution, functionsand procedures of, and for any other matters pertaining to, committees of theLegislature-Parliament. Until such rules are formulated, the Legislature-Parliament shall regulate its own rules of procedure.#57A. Opposition Party:(1) There shall be an opposition party and its leader in the Legislature-Parliament.(2) The remuneration and other benefits of the Leader of the Opposition partyshall be as determined by law.# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: 57A Opposition: The opposition and its leader in the Legislature-Parliament shall be provided for by law.[Article 57A was added on 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment) Act, 2064.]118

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtt/ s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s'g} ;b:onfO{ sfg"g cg';f/ kqmfp ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwfk'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L s'g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug{ ] clwsf/Ln] To;sf] ;"rgfJoj:yflksf–;+;bsf] cWoIftf ug{ ] JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg{ ]5 .-^_ o; wf/fdf pNn]v ePsf s'g} s'/f pNnª\3g ePdf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ xggx'g] / Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xggnfO{ Joj:yflksf– ;+;bsf] cjx]ngf dflgg]5 .s'g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] lg0f{o ug{ ] clwsf/ Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ dfqx'g]5 .-&_ s;}n] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] cjx]ngf u/]df ;f] ;DaGwL a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug{ ] JolQmn]a}7ssf] lg0f{oaf6 ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, gl;xt lbg jf tLg dlxgfdf ga9\g] u/L s}b ug{jf bz xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] hl/jfgf lghn] r'Qmf gu/]df ;/sf/L afFsL;/x c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .t/ Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L lghn] Ifdf ofrgf u/]df Joj:yflksf–;+;bn]Ifdf k|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL ug{ jf 36fpg ;Sg]5 .-*_ o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Pb]lv afx]s ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0ful/P adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .%&=sfo{ ;~rfng ljlwMo; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;~rfng /fhg}lts ;xdltsf]cfwf/df ug] {5 / Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7ssf] ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg / ;ldltx¿sf] u7g, sfdsf/afxL / cGo s'/f lgoldt ug{sf] nflu lgodfjnL agfpg]5 . To:tf] lgodfjnL gag];Ddsf]nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} + lgoldt ug{ ]5 .#%&s= ljkIfL bn M-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf ljkIfL bn / To;sf] g]tf /xg]5 .-@_ ljkIfL bnsf] g]tfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdx'g]5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM %&s= ljkIfL bnM Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf ljkIfL bn tyf To;sf] g]tf;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ePadf]lhd x'g]5 .[g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ h]7 #) ut]_ åf/f wf/f %&s= yk ePsf] lyof] .]119

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS58. CommitteesThere shall be committees and sub-committees in the Legislature-Parliamentas provided for in its rules.59. Constituent Assembly to exercise the powers of the Legislature-ParliamentAfter the termination of tenure of the Legislature-Parliament Ω pursuant to thisConstitution the powers of the Legislature-Parliament under this Constitutionshall be exercised by the Constituent Assembly.60. Restriction on discussion(1) No discussion shall be held in the Legislature-Parliament on a matter whichis under consideration in any court of Nepal, and about anything done by aJudge in the course of performance of his or her judicial duties.Provided that nothing in this Article shall be deemed to hinder theexpression of opinion about the conduct of a Judge during deliberations on animpeachment motion.(2) The provision made pursuant to clause (1), shall also be applicable to theConstituent Assembly.61. Secretariat of Legislature-Parliament(1) There shall be a Secretariat to carry out and manage the business of theLegislature-Parliament. The establishment of such a Secretariat and othermatters related thereto shall be as determined by law.(2) The Government of Nepal shall make available the necessary personnelrequired to conduct and manage the business of the Legislature-Parliament.120Ω Amended on 2065 Mangsir 26 (December 11, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Sixth Amendment) Act,2065. Originally read: pursuant to clause (4) of Article 45

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt%*= ;ldltMJoj:yflksf–;+;bdf o;sf] lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfjZos ;ª\Vofdf ;ldlt / pk–;ldltx¿ /xg] 5g\ .%(= ;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ]MΩo; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePkl5 o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf]Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfg ;efn] k|of]u ug{ ]5 .^)=ax;df jGb]hM-!_ g]kfnsf] s'g} cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s'g} d'2f ;DaGwdf tyf GofofwLzn] sQ{Jo kfngsf]l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] Goflos sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf ;bgdf 5nkmn ug{ kfOg] 5}g .t/ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ubf{ GofofwLzsf] cfrf/ ;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f JoQm ug{o; wf/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df ul/Psf] of] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg ;efdf ;d]t nfu" x'g]5 .^!=Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfnoM-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu Ps ;lrjfno/xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf / ;f] ;DaGwL cGo s'/f sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdx'g]5 .-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos x'g] sd{rf/Lg]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .Ω g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -5}7f} + ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% dª\l;/ @^ ut]_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M wf/f $% sf] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd121

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS§61A. The Secretary General and Secretary of the Legislature-Parliament(1) There shall be a Secretary General and a Secretary of the Legislature-Parliament.(2) *The President shall appoint the Secretary General and Secretary on therecommendation of the Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament.(3) The qualifications, functions, duties, powers and other terms and conditions ofservice of the General Secretary and Secretary of the Legislature-Parliament shall beas determined by law.62. RemunerationThe remuneration and facilities of the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Member andChairpersons of the Committees of the Legislature-Parliament shall be asprovided for in law and, until so determined, it shall be as determined by theGovernment of Nepal.122§Added on 2064 Paush 13 (28 December 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment) Act, 2064.*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2064.Originally read: The Prime Minister.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt§^!s= Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrj M-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf Pshgf dxf;lrj / Pshgf ;lrj /xg]5g\ .-@_ dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] lgo'lQm Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'vsf] l;kmfl/;df */fi6«kltn]ug] {5 .-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] of]Uotf, sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf ;]jfsf cGozt{x? sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .^@=kfl/>ldsMJoj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'v, pk–;efd'v, ;b:o tyf ;ldltsf ;efkltx¿sf] kfl/>lds /;'ljwf sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 / To;/L lgwf{/0f geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0fu/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .§g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f wf/f ^!s= yk*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]123

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 7CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY63. Formation of the Constituent Assembly(1) A Constituent Assembly shall be constituted to formulate a new Constitutionby the Nepali people themselves, subject to the provisions of this Constitution.(2) The election of the Constituent Assembly shall be held on a date to bespecified by the Government of Nepal after the commencement of thisConstitution*(3) In accordance with the law, there will be the following members of the CA,elected and nominated according to the mixed electoral system, taking account ofthe equality of population, geographical convenience and special characteristics,and, in the case of Madhes on the basis of percentage of the population -(a) One member elected, under the first-past-the-post system, from eachgeographical constituency, § two hundred and forty as determined by theConstituency Delimitation Commission under Article 154(a), basedon the national census preceding the Constituent Assembly elections,and as far as possible maintaining the same relationship betweennumber of members and population for all the administrative districts,while retaining the same administrative districts as hitherto.†124*Revised on 2063 Chaitra 30 (April 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (First Amendment) Act, 2063. Asoriginally passed it read:The Constituent Assembly shall consist of the following four hundred twenty five members, out of which four hundredand nine members shall be elected through Mixed Electoral System and sixteen members shall be nominated, as providedfor in the law(a) Two hundred and five members shall be elected from among the candidates elected on the basis of First-Past-the-Post system from each of the Election Constituencies existed in accordance with the prevailing lawbefore the commencement of this Constitution.(b)Two hundred and four members shall be elected under the proportional electoral system on the basis of thevotes to be given to the political parties, considering the whole country as one election constituency.(c) Sixteen members to be nominated by the interim Council of Ministers, on the basis of consensus, fromamongst the prominent persons of national life.§ Amended on 2064 Paush 13 (28 December 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment) Act, 2064.Originally read: the number of such constituencies being determined.† This is not quite a literal translation, but we believe it reflects the meaning of the very complex Nepali original.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu &;+ljwfg ;ef^#=;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7gM-!_ g]kfnL hgtf cfkm} +n] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug{ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL Ps ;+ljwfg;efsf] u7g x'g]5 .-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De eP kl5 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:osf] lgjf{rg g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf]ldltdf x'g]5 .*-#_ ;+ljwfg ;efdf ;dfg hg;ª\Vof / ef}uf]lns cg's"ntf tyf ljlzi6tfsf cfwf/df /dw]zdf hg;ª\Vof k|ltztsf] cfwf/df sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLcg'¿k b]xfo adf]lhd lgjf{lrt / dgf]gog x'g] b]xfosf ;ª\Vofsf ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\M–-s_ k|zf;sLo lhNnfnfO{ lgjf{rg lhNnf sfod u/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g'eGbfcl3sf] /fli6«o hgu0fgfaf6 lglZrt ePsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df To:tf lhNnf /;b:o ;ª\VofaLrsf] cg'kft oyf;Dej ;dfg x'g] u/L wf/f !%$s= adf]lhd Joj:yfePsf] lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]uaf6 § lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd b'O{;o rfnL; lgjf{rgIf]q sfod u/L k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qaf6 Pshgfsf b/n] klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g]lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/ lgjf{lrt ;b:o,*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^# -@)^# r}t #) ut]_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM-#_ ;+ljwfg ;efdf sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf cfwf/df lgjf{lrt $)( hgf / dgf]lgt !^ hgfu/L b]xfosf adf]lhdsf $@% hgf ;b:ox? /xg]5g\M-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g' cufl8 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sfod /x]sf] lgjf{rg If]qx?af6 k|To]s lgjf{rgIf]qaf6 Pshgfsf b/n] klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/ lgjf{lrt @)% hgf ;b:o,-v_ ;Dk"0f{ b]znfO{ Ps lgjf{rg If]q dfgL /fhg}lts bnnfO{ dt lbg] ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/lgjf{lrt x'g] @)$ ;b:o,-u_ /fli6«o hLjgsf dxTjk"0f{ JolQmx?dWo]af6 ;xdltsf cfwf/df cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\af6 dgf]gLt x'g] !^hgf ;b:o .§g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhsf] ;+Vofa/fa/ eGg] k|fjwfg /x]sf]125

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(b) ¤ Three hundred and thirty-five members to be elected according to theproportional representation system, with voting being for politicalparties, and treating the whole country as a single constituency.(c) § Twenty-six members nominated by the Council of Ministers on the basis ofconsensus from among § distinguished persons and persons from among ethnicand indigenous groups who fail to be represented as a result of elections undersub clause (a) and (b) who have made significant contributions to national life.*(3A). Notwithstanding anything contained in Sub-clause (a) of Clause 3,while determining the number of constituencies according to this Clause,the number of constituencies in each administrative district prescribed bythe laws prevailing during the elections for the then House of Representativesin 2056 [1999], shall not be reduced, but the number of constituencies in thehilly and mountainous areas shall be increased on the basis of percentageof population growth, and, then in determining the constituencies inMadhesh, the number of constituencies in the administrative districts inMadhesh shall be increased in order to ensure that those constituencies arein proportion to the percentage of population.(4) The principle of inclusiveness shall be taken into consideration by politicalparties while selecting candidates pursuant to sub-clause (a) of clause (3), and,while making the lists of the candidates pursuant to sub-clause (b), the politicalparties shall ensure the proportional representation of women, Dalits, oppressedcommunities/indigenous groups, backward regions, Madhesis and othergroups, in accordance with the law.(5) Notwithstanding anything in clause 4, a minimum of one-third of the totalnumber of candidates nominated shall be women, taking together the number ofcandidates on the basis of proportional representation pursuant to sub-clause (b)of clause (3) and the number of candidates pursuant to sub-clause (a) of the clause.(6) The election of the members of the Constituent Assembly shall be heldthrough secret ballot, as provided for in the law.¤Amended on 2064 Paush 13 (28 December 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment) Act,2064. Originally read: a number of members, equal to the number elected under sub-clause (a).§Amended on 2064 Paush 13 (28 December 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment) Act,2064. Originally read: seventeen... from distinguished persons.* Added on 2063 Chaitra 30 (April 13, 2007) Act, 2063 by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (First Amendment)Act, 2063.126

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-v_ ;Dk"0f{ d'n'snfO{ Ps lgjf{rg If]q dfgL /fhg}lts bnnfO{ dt lbg] ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rgk|0ffnL cg';f/ †lgjf{lrt x'g] tLg ;o k} +tL; ;b:o,-u_ /fli6«o hLjgdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Ø ljlzi6 JolQmx? / v08 -s_ / -v_adf]lhdsf] lgjf{rgaf6 k|ltlglwTj x'g g;s]sf cflbaf;L hghfltdWo]af6 ;xdltsfcfwf/df dlGqkl/ifb\af6 dgf]gog x'g] Ø5AaL;hgf ;b:o,*-#s_ pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f] v08 adf]lhd lgjf{rgIf]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;Djt\ @)%^ ;fndf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rgx' Fbfsf avt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sfod /x]sf k|zf;sLo lhNnfx¿sf lgjf{rg If]qsf];ª\VofnfO{ oyfjt\ /fvL lxdfnL / kxf8L If]qdf hg;ª\Vof j[l4sf] cfwf/df lgjf{rg If]q j[l4ul/g]5 / To;/L lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ dw]zsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] k|ltztsf] cfwf/df lgjf{rgIf]qsf] ;ª\Vof sd ePsf dw]zsf k|zf;sLo lhNnfsf] lgjf{rg If]q j[l4 ul/g]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd /fhg}lts bnx¿n] pDd]bjf/ rog ubf{ ;dfj]zLl;4fGtnfO{ Wofg lbg' kg] {5 / v08 -v_ adf]lhd /fhg}lts bnx¿n] pDd]bjf/x¿sf] ;"lrs[tubf{ dlxnf, blnt, pTkLl8t hflt÷cflbjf;L hghflt, lk5l8Psf] If]q, dw]zL nufot cGo ju{;d]tsf] sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj u/fpg' kg] {5 .-%_ pkwf/f -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dlxnfsf] xsdf pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -v_adf]lhd ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjdf x'g] ;ª\Vofdf ;f] pkwf/fsf] v08 -s_ cg';f/ lbOg] pDd]bjf/Lsf];ª\Vof hf]8]/ s'n ;ª\Vofdf Go"gtd Ps ltxfO{ pDd]bjf/L lbg' kg] {5 .-^_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] lgjf{rg sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd uf]Ko dtbfgåf/f x'g]5 .† g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM v08 -s_adf]lhdsf] ;b:o ;ª\Vof a/fa/ lgjf{lrt x'g] ;b:o .Øg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M ljlzi6JolQmx?dWo]af6 ;qhgf .* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^# -@)^# r}t #) ut]_ åf/f_ yk127

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(7) For the purpose of election to the Constituent Assembly, every Nepalicitizen who has attained the age of eighteen years by the end of Mangsir, 2063(15th December 2006) shall be entitled to vote, as provided for in the law.#(7A) In the situation where the seat of a member elected or nominated pursuantto Clause (3) falls vacant, the seat shall be filled by application of law in force inrelation to the process of election or nomination.Ω(7B) Notwithstanding anything contained in Clause (7), if the position of a memberelected pursuant to paragraph (A) of sub-clause (3A) falls vacant owing to any reasonand needs to be filled by an election pursuant to sub-clause (7A), every Nepali citizen,who has attained the age of 18 years by the end of Chaitra (mid-April) of the previousyear immediate to the election year, will be entitled to vote as provided for in the law.(8) Subject to the provisions of this Article, elections to the Constituent Assemblyand other matters pertaining thereto shall be regulated as provided for in thelaw.64. Term of the Constituent AssemblyUnless otherwise dissolved earlier by a resolution passed by the ConstituentAssembly, the term of the Constituent Assembly shall be two years from thedate of its first meeting.Provided that the term of the Constituent Assembly may be extended forup to six months by a resolution of the Constituent Assembly, in the event thatthe task of drafting the Constitution is not completed due to the proclamationof a State of Emergency in the country.65. Qualifications of membersIn order to be a member of Constituent Assembly a person must have thefollowing qualifications(a) be a Nepali citizen,(b) have attained at least twenty-five years of age,(c) not have been punished for any criminal offence involvingmoral turpitude,*(c1) not be ineligible under any law,(d) not be holding an office of profit.# Added on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065.Ω Added on 2065 Mangsir 26 (December 11, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Sixth Amendment) Act, 2065.*Added on 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment) Act, 2064.128

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-&_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;Djt\ @)^# ;fn dª\l;/ d;fGt;Dd c7f/ jif{pd]/ k"/f ePsf] k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd dtbfg ug{ ] clwsf/x'g]5 .#-&s_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lgjf{lrt jf dgf]gLt ;b:osf] :yfg s'g} sf/0fn] l/QmePdf To:tf] :yfg h'g k|lqmofåf/f lgjf{lrt jf dgf]gLt ePsf] xf] ;f]xL k|lqmofåf/fk|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd k"lt{ ul/g]5 .Ω-&v_ pkwf/f -&_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdlgjf{lrt ;b:osf] :yfg s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm eO{ pkwf/f -&s_ adf]lhd lgjf{rgåf/f k"lt{ ug' {kbf{To;/L lgjf{rg ul/g] ;fneGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] ;fnsf] r}q d;fGt;Dd c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k'/fePsf] k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfg'gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd dtbfg ug] { clwsf/ x'g]5 .-*_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'/fx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg / ;f] ;DaGwL cGo s'/fsfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .^$=^%=;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfnM;+ljwfg ;efn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L cufj} lj36g u/]sf]df afx]s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{sf] x'g]5 .t/ d'n'sdf ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ ] sfd k"/f x'gg;s]df ;+ljwfg ;efn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn yk 5 dlxgf;Dd a9fpg;Sg]5 .;b:osf] of]UotfM;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x'gsf nflu s'g} klg JolQmn] b]xfosf of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg{ ]5M-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,-v_ sDtLdf kRrL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf],-u_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L s;"/df ;hfo gkfPsf],*-u!_ s'g}sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf],-3_ s'g} nfesf] kb wf/0f gu/]sf] .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ykΩ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -5}7f} + ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% dª\l;/ @^ ut]_ åf/f yk* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ h]7 #) ut]_ åf/f yk129

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSExplanation: For the purpose of this sub-clause (d), "office of profit" meansany position, other than a political position, filled by election or nominationfor which remuneration or economic benefit is paid out of a Government Fund.66. Decision about disqualification of membersIf a question arises as to whether any member of the Constituent Assembly isdisqualified or has ceased to possess any of the qualifications required byArticle 65, the final decision shall be made by the Constituent Assembly Court.67. Vacation of seat of a memberThe seat of a member of the Constituent Assembly shall be deemed to be vacantin the following circumstances(a) if he/she resigns in writing,(b) if he/she does not, or has ceased to, possess the qualifications requiredby Article 65,(c) if he/she, remains absent from ten consecutive meetings withoutnotification to the Assembly,(d) if the party of which he/she was a member when elected providesnotification in the manner set out by law that he/she has left the party,or notifies that he/she no longer holds the membership of the party, or(e) if he/she dies.Explanation: The provision contained in sub-clause (d) shall not be applicableto the Chairperson or Vice Chairperson of the Constituent Assembly.68. Oath of membersEvery member of the Constituent Assembly shall take the oath as provided forin the law before taking part for the first time in a meeting of the Assembly or ameeting of any of its committees.69. Meeting of the Constituent Assembly(1) The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly shall be held, as summonedby the Prime Minister, within twenty-one days after the final results of theelection of members of the Constituent Assembly have been made public by theElection Commission, and the subsequent meetings shall be held on such adate and place as prescribed by the person presiding over the ConstituentAssembly.130

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt:ki6Ls/0fM v08 -3_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu ænfesf] kbÆ eGgfn] lgjf{rg jf dgf]gogåf/f k"lt{ul/g] /fhg}lts kb afx]s s'g} ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds jf cGo s'g} cfly{s ;'ljwf kfpg]cGo s'g} kbnfO{ hgfpg]5 .^^=^&=;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf] lg0f{oM;+ljwfg ;efsf s'g} ;b:o wf/f ^% adf]lhd cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf]clGtd lg0f{o ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfntn] ug] {5 .;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/QmtfM;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:osf] :yfg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M-s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ wf/f ^% adf]lhd lghsf] of]Uotf gePdf jf g/x]df,-u_ ;efnfO{ ;"rgf glbO{ nuftf/ bzj6f a}7sdf cg'kl:yt /x]df,-3_ h'g /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o eO{ lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] ;f]xL bnn] sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd lghn] bn Tofu u/]sf] jf bnsf] ;b:otf sfod g/x]sf] s'/f ;"lrt u/]df,-ª_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .:ki6Ls/0fM v08 -3_ sf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .^*=^(=;b:osf] zkyM;+ljwfg ;efsf k|To]s ;b:on] ;+ljwfg ;ef jf o;sf] s'g} ;ldltdf klxnf] k6s efu lng' cl3sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd zky lng' kg{ ]5 .;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7sM-!_;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] clGtd lgjf{rg kl/0ffd lgjf{rg cfof]un] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]PSsfO; lbgleq k|wfgdGqLn] cfJxfg u/] adf]lhd ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a:g]5 /To;kl5sf a}7s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIftf ug{ ] JolQmn] tf]s]sf] ldlt / :yfgdf a:g]5 .131

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), if one-fourth of themembers of the Constituent Assembly make an application, with reasons, tothe Chairperson of the Constituent Assembly stating that it is appropriate toconvene a meeting of the Constituent Assembly, the Chairperson shall convenesuch meeting within fifteen days.70. Procedure for passing a Bill relating to the Constitution(1) The Constituent Assembly shall, in order to pass a Bill relating to theConstitution, vote on the Preamble and each Article of such a Bill introducedbefore it.(2) To vote according to clause (1), at least two-thirds of the total members ofthe Constituent Assembly must be present and must pass the motionunanimously.(3) If a unanimous decision pursuant to clause (2), regarding the Preamble orany Article of the Bill relating to the Constitution, is not reached, the leaders ofthe parliamentary party of the political parties represented in the ConstituentAssembly shall consult each other to achieve consensus on such matters.(4) The consultation to be carried out pursuant to clause (3), must be completedwithin a maximum of fifteen days from the date on which the unanimousdecision could not be reached.(5) If consultation is carried out pursuant to clause (4), fresh voting on thePreamble or any Article of such Bill shall be carried out within seven days fromthe date of the completion of such consultation.(6) If a unanimous decision is not reached as provided in clause (2) even aftercarrying out the voting pursuant to clause (5), there shall be a further vote onsuch Preamble or Article on which a unanimous decision could not be reached,and if at least two-thirds of the total members of the Constituent Assembly forthe time being were present in the meeting, and at least two-thirds of the memberspresent vote in favour, such Preamble or Article shall be deemed to have beenpassed.132

]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwfg ;efsf sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:on];+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg cfjZos 5 egL sf/0f ;lxt ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf ;dIflgj]bg u/]df cWoIfn] kGw| lbgleq ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg' kg{ ]5 .&)=;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{ ] ljlwM-!_;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ubf{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ePsf] To:tf] ljw]ossf]k|:tfjgf tyf k|To]s wf/fdf dtbfg u/L kfl/t ug{ ]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd dtbfg ubf{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf]sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] a}7ssf] ;j{;Ddltaf6 kfl/t ug' { kg{ ]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf To;sf] s'g} wf/fsf ;DaGwdf;j{;Ddt sfod x'g g;s]df ;f] ljifodf ;j{;Ddlt sfod ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug{/fhg}lts bnsf ;+;bLo bnsf g]tfn] cfk;df k/fdz{ ug{ ]5g\ .-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ug{ ] sfd ;j{;Ddlt sfod x'g g;s]sf] ldltn] a9LdfkGw|lbg;Dd k"/f ul/;Sg' kg{ ]5 .-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ePsf]df To:tf] k/fdz{ ug{ ] sfd k"/f ePsf] ;ft lbg leqTo:tf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf s'g} wf/f pk/ k'gM dtbfg x'g]5 .-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd dtbfg x' Fbf klg pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;j{;Ddt sfod x'g g;s]dfk|:tfjgf jf h'g wf/fsf ;DaGwdf ;j{;Ddt sfod x'g g;s]sf] xf] ;f] k|:tfjgf jf wf/fdf k'gMdtbfg x'g]5 / To:tf] dtbfgdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdfb'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] a}7ssf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf To:tf]k|:tfjgf jf wf/f kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 .133

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(7) For the purpose of this Article a decision made during voting on the Preambleor any Article of the Bill relating to the Constitution introduced in theConstituent Assembly shall be deemed to be unanimous if none of the membersvoted against the Preamble or Article that is the subject of the vote.71. Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the Constituent Assembly(1) The Constituent Assembly shall elect a Chairperson and a Vice Chairperson#from among its members on the basis of political consensus before thecommencement of its work of formulating the Constitution.##(1A) In the case when consensus is not reached pursuant to Clause (1) a memberof the Constituent Assembly who receives the majority of the votes of the totalmembers of the Constituent Assembly present shall be considered elected to theposition of the Chairperson or the Vice-Chairperson of the Constituent Assembly.(2) In the elections ### pursuant to clause (1) or clause (1A) the Chairperson andVice Chairperson shall be from different political parties represented in theConstituent Assembly.(3) If the election of the Chairperson and Vice Chairperson has not taken placepursuant to clause (1), the senior-most member of the Constituent Assemblyby age shall preside over the meeting of the Assembly.(4)The Chairperson and Vice Chairperson shall act as neutral persons and notfavour any political party or parties while performing their duties in accordancewith this Constitution.72. Vacation of the office of Chairperson and Vice Chairperson(1) The office of the Chairperson and Vice Chairperson shall become vacant inthe following circumstancesa) if he/she submits a written resignation,b) if he/she ceases to be a member of the Constituent Assembly,c) if a resolution is passed by a majority of at least two-thirds of the totalnumber of the members in the Constituent Assembly to the effect that hisor her conduct is not compatible with his or her position, ord) if he/she dies.134# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: from among its members## Added on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065.### Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: pursuant to Clause (1)

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-&_o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ePsf] ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jfTo;sf] s'g} wf/fsf] ;DaGwdf dtbfg ubf{ s'g} klg ;b:on] To:tf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf To;sf]s'g} wf/fsf] ljkIfdf dt glbPdf ;j{;Ddlt sfod ePsf] dflgg]5 .&!=;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIfM-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cfˆgf] sfo{ k|f/De ug' { cl3 # cfˆgf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 /fhg}lts ;xdltsf cfwf/df Pshgf cWoIf / Pshgf pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg ug{ ]5 .##-!s_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df ;+ljwfg ;efdf tTsfn sfod/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt k|fKt ug]{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIfjf pkfWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dflgg]5 .-@_ ### pkwf/f -!_ jf pkwf/f -!s_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg ubf{ cWoIf / pkfWoIf ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug{ ] cnu–cnu /fhg}lts bnaf6 k|ltlglwTj ug{ ] ;b:o x'g' kg{ ]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg geP ;Dd pd]/sf lx;fjn];+ljwfg ;efsf] ;aeGbf h]i7 ;b:on] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIftf ug{ ]5 .-$_ cWoIf jf pkfWoIfn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ s'g} klg /fhg}ltsbnsf] kIf jf ljkIfdf g/xL t6:y JolQmsf] x}l;otn] ug{ ]5 .&@=cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/QmtfM-!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5M–-s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ ;+ljwfg ;efdf lghsf] ;b:otf g/x]df,-u_ lghn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:osf] ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf, jf-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM cfˆgf ;b:ox¿ dWo]af6##g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f yk###g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd135

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(2) The Vice Chairperson or any other member shall preside over a meeting atwhich deliberations are to be held on a resolution that the conduct of theChairperson of the Constituent Assembly is not compatible with his/herposition, and the Chairperson can take part and vote in the deliberations onsuch a resolution.73. QuorumExcept as otherwise provided in this Part, no quorum shall be deemed to beachieved and no question or resolution shall be presented for decision unlessat least one-fourth of the total number of members are present.#74. Proceedings of the Constituent Assembly when the position of amember is vacant:(1) The Constituent Assembly may conduct its proceedings notwithstandingany vacancies in its membership, and no proceedings shall become invalid evenif it is subsequently found that a person not entitled to take part in the proceedingsparticipated.(2) A minister, state minister or assistant minister may attend any of themeetings of the Constituent Assembly even if she/he is not a member of theConstituent Assembly.But she/he shall not have the right to vote.75. VotingExcept as otherwise provided in this Part, all questions submitted for decisionin the Constituent Assembly shall be decided by a majority vote of the memberspresent and voting. Normally the member presiding shall not have the right tovote.Provided that in case of a tie, he/she may exercise a casting vote.76. Penalty for unauthorized presence or votingIf a person is present or votes in the meetings of Constituent Assembly or any ofits committees as a member without taking an oath pursuant to Article 68, orknowing that he/she is not qualified for membership of the ConstituentAssembly, he/she shall, on the ruling of the person chairing the meeting, beliable to a fine of five thousand rupees for every such presence or voting. Thefine shall be recoverable as government dues.136# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: The Constituent Assembly may conduct its proceedings not withstanding any vacancies in its membrship, and nopoceedings Transcation of business of the Constituent Assembly in the case of Vacancy in membership: shall become invalideven if it is subsenquently found that a person not entitled to take part in the proceedings participated.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIfn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn x'g]a}7ssf] cWoIftf pkfWoIf jf cGo s'g} ;b:on] ug{ ]5 / ;f] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf cWoIfn] efulng / dt lbg kfpg]5 .&#=u0fk"/s ;ª\VofMo; efudf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7sdf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdfPs rf}yfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt geP;Dd ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u0fk"/s ;ª\Vof k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g / s'g}k|Zg jf k|:tfj lg0f{osf nflu k|:t't x'g] 5}g .#&$= ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'g};b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x] klg ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfk\mgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{;Sg]5 / cof]Uotfsf] sf/0f ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'g}sfdsf/afxLdf efu lng gkfpg] s'g}JolQmn]efu lnPsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO;s]sf] sfd sf/afxL cdfGo x'g] 5}g .-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]sf] eP klg dGqL, /fHodGqL, ;xfos dGqLn] ;+ljwfg;ef jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5 .t/ lghnfO{ dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .&%=&^=dtbfgMo; efudf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lg0f{osf] nflu k|:t't h'g;'s} k|Zg jfk|:tfjsf] lg0f{o pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug{ ] ;b:ox¿sf] ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 . cWoIftf ug{ ] JolQmnfO{;fdfGotof dt lbg] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf lghn] cfˆgf] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .cglws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x'g]Mwf/f ^* adf]lhd zky glnO{ jf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x'gsf] nflu cfjZos of]Uotf k'u]sf] 5}geGg] yfxf kfpFbf kfpFb} s'g} JolQm ;+ljwfg ;ef jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ePdfjf lghn] dtbfg u/]df lghnfO{ ;f] a}7sdf cWoIftf ug{ ] JolQmsf] cfb]zn] To;/L pkl:ytePsf] jf dtbfg u/]sf] k|To]s k6ssf nflu kfFr xhf/ ¿k}ofF hl/jfgf x'g]5 . o;/L ePsf]hl/jfgf lghn] r'Qmf gu/]df ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM &$= ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf]cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfngM ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x] klg ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg]5 /cof]Uotfsf] sf/0f ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'g} sfd sf/afxLdf efu lng gkfpg] s'g} JolQmn] efu lnPsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO;s]sf] sfdsf/afxL cdfGo x'g] 5}g .137

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS77. Privileges(1) There shall be full freedom of speech in the meetings of the ConstituentAssembly and no member shall be arrested, detained or proceeded against inany court for anything expressed or for any vote cast in such a meeting.(2) Each meeting of the Constituent Assembly shall have full power to regulateits internal business, and it shall have the exclusive right to decide whetherany proceeding of the Constituent Assembly is regular or not. No questionshall be raised in any court in this regard.(3) No comment shall be made about the good faith of any proceedings of theConstituent Assembly, and no person shall make or disseminate anything aboutcomments or suggestions made by any member, deliberately misinterpreting ordistorting their meaning.(4) No proceedings shall be initiated against any person in any court forpublishing any document, report, vote or proceeding which is carried outunder the authority given by the Constituent Assembly.Explanation: For the purposes of clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) the words"Constituent Assembly" shall mean the meeting of the Constituent Assembly orany of its committees.(5) No member of the Constituent Assembly shall be arrested during the sessionof the Constituent Assembly.Provided that nothing in this clause shall be deemed to prevent thearrest under any law of any member on a criminal charge. If any member is soarrested, the official making such arrest shall immediately inform the personchairing the Constituent Assembly.(6) Any breach of privilege stated in this Article shall be deemed to constitutecontempt of the Constituent Assembly and the breach of privilege of theConstituent Assembly shall be considered as contempt of the ConstituentAssembly. The Constituent Assembly shall have the exclusive right to decidewhether or not any breach of privilege has taken place.138

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt&&=ljz]ifflwsf/M-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7sdf k"0f{ jfs :jtGqtf /xg]5 / ;f] a}7sdf JoQm u/]sf] s'g} s'/f jflbPsf] s'g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ kqmfp ug{, y'gfdf /fVg jf lgh pk/ s'g} cbfntdfsf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g .-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|To]s a}7snfO{ cfˆgf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/afxL lgoldt ug{ ] k"0f{ clwsf//xg]5 / s'g} sfd sf/afxL lgoldt jf clgoldt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o ug{ ] clwsf/ ;DalGwta}7snfO{ dfq x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .-#_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'g} klg sfd sf/afxLnfO{ To;sf] c;n lgotaf/] z+sf p7fO{ s'g} 6Lsfl6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s'g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf hfgL–hfgL unt jf e|fds cy{nufO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ul/g] 5}g .-$_ ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 lbPsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s'g} lnvt, k|ltj]bg, dtbfg jf sf/afxLk|sflzt u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} JolQm pk/ cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g .:ki6Ls/0fM pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7sÆ eGgfn];+ljwfg ;ef / To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7s ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .-%_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfne/ kqmfp ul/g] 5}g .t/ s'g} kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf s'g} ;b:onfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd kqmfp ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwfk'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L s'g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug{ ] clwsf/Ln] To;sf] ;"rgf;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIftf ug{ ] JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg{ ]5 .-^_ o; wf/fdf pNn]v ePsf s'g} s'/f pNnª\3g ePdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg x'g] /;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xggnfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cjx]ngf dflgg]5 . s'g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf]xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] lg0f{o ug{ ] clwsf/ ;f] ;efnfO{ dfq x'g]5 .139

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(7) If a person is in contempt of the Constituent Assembly, the person who ischairing the meeting to that effect may, after a decision by the meeting,admonish, warn, or impose a sentence of imprisonment not exceeding threemonths or impose a fine of up to ten thousand rupees on, such a person. If thefine is not paid by such a person, it shall be recoverable as government dues.Provided that if the person so accused submits an apology to thesatisfaction of the Constituent Assembly, it may either pardon him/her, oralter or not implement the sentence imposed on him/her.(8) Other matters relating to privileges not mentioned in this Constitutionshall be as determined by law.78. Procedure relating to the conduct of businessThe Constituent Assembly shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution,frame rules for conducting its business, maintaining order during its meetingsand regulating the constitution, functions, procedures and any other mattersrelating to its committees. Until such time as rules are made, the ConstituentAssembly shall establish its own rules of procedure.79. CommitteesThere shall be Committees and Sub-Committees of the Constituent Assemblyas provided for in the law. The services of experts may be obtained as required.80. Secretariat of the Constituent Assembly(1) There shall be a Secretariat to conduct the business of the ConstituentAssembly. The establishment of the Secretariat and other matters related theretoshall be as determined by law.(2) The Government of Nepal shall make available the necessary personnelrequired to conduct and manage the business of the Constituent Assembly.81. RemunerationThe remuneration and privileges of the Chairperson, Vice Chairperson,Members and the Chairperson of the Committees of the Constituent Assemblyshall be as provided for in the law, and, until so provided, shall be as determinedby the Government of Nepal.140

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-&_ s;}n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cjx]ngf u/]df ;f] ;DaGwL a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug{ ] JolQmn] a}7ssf]lg0f{oaf6 ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, gl;xt lbg jf tLg dlxgfdf ga9\g] u/L s}b ug{ jf bzxhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] hl/jfgf lghn] r'Qmf gu/]df ;/sf/L afFsL ;/xc;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .t/ ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L lghn] Ifdf ofrgf u/]df ;+ljwfg ;efn] Ifdfk|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL ug{, 36fpg jf sfof{Gjog gu/fpg ;Sg]5 .-*_ o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Pb]lv afx]s ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0ful/P adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .&*=&(=sfo{ ;~rfng ljlwMo; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ a}7ssf] ;'Joj:yf sfod/fVg / ;ldltx¿sf] u7g, sfd sf/afxL / cGo s'/f lgoldt ug{sf] nflu lgodfjnL agfpg]5 .To:tf] lgodfjnL gag];Ddsf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} + lgoldt ug{ ]5 .;ldltM;+ljwfg ;efdf sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfjZos ;ª\Vofdf ;ldlt / pk;ldltx¿ /xg]5g\ . cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if1x¿sf] ;xof]u lng ;lsg]5 .*)= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfnoM-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf nflu Ps ;lrjfno /xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfnosf]:yfkgf / ;f] ;DaGwL cGo s'/f sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos x'g] sd{rf/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAwu/fpg]5 .*!= kfl/>ldsM;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;b:o tyf ;ldltsf ;efkltx¿sf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 / To;/L Joj:yf geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 .141

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS82. Dissolution of the Constituent AssemblyOn the day of the commencement of the Constitution promulgated by the ConstituentAssembly, the task given to the Constituent Assembly shall come to an end.Provided that, until the election of the Legislature-Parliament held inaccordance with the Constitution promulgated by the Constituent Assembly,the proceedings of the Legislature-Parliament shall be conducted as specifiedin the Constitution promulgated by the Constituent Assembly.83. Acting in the capacity of Legislature-Parliament(1) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Part, the ConstituentAssembly shall also act as Legislature-Parliament as long as the ConstituentAssembly remains in existence, and the Constituent Assembly may constitutea separate committee to conduct necessary regular legislative functions.(2) The Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the Constituent Assembly shallbe respectively the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament.(3) The Secretariat of the Constituent Assembly and its personnel shall be theSecretariat and personnel of the Legislature-Parliament.(4) When the Constituent Assembly is acting in the capacity of the Legislature-Parliament, the provisions contained in Part 8, with necessary modifications,shall be applicable to the Assembly.142

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt*@=;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36gM;+ljwfg ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] lbgb]lv ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfd ;dfKt x'g]5 .t/ ;+ljwfg ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] lgjf{rggeP;Ddsf nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;f] ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfgdf pNn]veP adf]lhd x'g]5 .*#= Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{ ]M-!_ o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwfg ;ef sfod /x]sf] cjlwe/ ;f];efn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd ;d]t ug{ ]5 / lgoldt ljwfog ;DaGwL cfjZos sfo{ ;Dkfbgug{ ;+ljwfg ;efn] 5'§} ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf tyf pkfWoIf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf qmdzM ;efd'v / pk–;efd'vx'g]5g\ .-#_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno / To;sf sd{rf/Lx¿ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;lrjfno / sd{rf/Lx'g]5g\ .-$_ ;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ efu * sf Joj:yfx¿cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ nfu" x'g]5g\ .143

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 8LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE84. Authority to introduce a Bill(1) A Bill may be introduced in the House by any member of the Legislature-Parliament.Explanation: For the purpose of this Part "House" means the Legislature-Parliament and "member" means member of the Legislature-Parliament.(2) Any Finance Bill and any Bill concerning the security agencies, includingthe Nepal Army, the Armed Police Force or the Nepal Police, shall be introducedonly as a Government Bill.(3) "Finance Bill" means a Bill concerning any or all of the following subjects(a) the imposition, collection, abolition, remission, alteration or regulationof taxes,(b) the preservation of the Consolidated Fund or any other Governmentfund, the deposit of money into and the appropriation or the withdrawalof money from such funds, or the reduction, increment or cancellationof appropriations or of proposed expenditures from such funds,(c) the regulation of matters relating to the raising of loans or the giving ofguarantees by the Government of Nepal or any matter pertaining to theamendment of the laws concerning financial liabilities undertaken or tobe undertaken by the Government of Nepal,(d) the custody and investment of all revenues received by any Governmentfund, money acquired through the repayment of loans, and the grant ofmoney, or audit of the accounts of the Government of Nepal, or(e) matters directly related to sub-clauses (a) to (d),Provided that a Bill shall not be deemed to be a Finance Bill by reasononly that it provides for the payment of any fees such as licence fee, applicationfee, renewal fee, or it provides for imposition of any penalty or imprisonment,or by reason that it provides for the imposition of any tax, duties or fees by alocal authority.144(4) If any question arises whether a Bill is a Finance Bill or not, the decision ofthe Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament thereon shall be final.

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu *Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw*$= ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]M-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;b:on] ;bgdf ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .:ki6Ls/0fM o; efusf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;bgÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;bg / æ;b:oÆeGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:onfO{ hgfpg]5 .-@_ cy{ ljw]os tyf g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L, g]kfn k|x/L nufot ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwtljw]os ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] ¿kdf dfq k|:t't ul/g]5 .-#_ æcy{ ljw]osÆ eGgfn] b]xfodf plNnlvt ;a} jf s'g} ljifol;t ;DaGw /fVg] ljw]osnfO{hgfpF5M–-s_ s/ nufpg], p7fpg], vf/]h ug] {, 5"6 lbg], kl/jt{g ug] { jf s/ k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]ljifo,-v_ ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s'g} ;/sf/L sf]ifsf] ;+/If0f ug] {, To:tf] sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug] { jfTo:tf] sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug] { jf ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug{ vf]lhPsf]/sd 36fpg], a9fpg] jf vf/]h ug] { ljifo,-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] C0f k|fKt ug] { jf hdfgt lbg] ljifo Jojl:yt ug] { jf g]kfn ;/sf/n]lnPsf] jf lng] cfly{s bfloTj ;DaGwL sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug] { ljifo,-3_ ;/sf/L sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] /fh:j, C0f c;"nLaf6 k|fKt /sd / cg'bfgsf]/sd lhDdf /fVg], nufgL ug] { jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] n]vfsf] n]vf k/LIf0f ug] { ljifo, jf-ª_ v08 -s_ b]lv v08 -3_ ;Ddsf ljifox¿;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw ePsf k|f;ª\lus ljifox¿,t/ s'g} cg'dltkq b:t'/, lgj]bg b:t'/, gljs/0f b:t'/ h:tf z'Ns, b:t'/ nufpg] jfs'g} hl/jfgf jf s}b x'g] Joj:yf jf :yfgLo lgsfon] nufpg] s'g} s/, b:t'/ jf z'Ns ePsf]sf/0fn] dfq s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os dflgg] 5}g .-$_ s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os xf] jf xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'vsf] lg0f{oclGtd x'g]5 .145

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS85. Procedure for passage of Bills(1) Any member who wants to introduce a Bill in the House shall give at leastseven day's notice to the Secretary General or Secretary of the Legislature-Parliament about the Bill.Provided that prior notice of five days shall be sufficient for aGovernment Bill.(2) Copies of the Bill shall be made available to all members two days before theintroduction of the Bill.(3) The member who has introduced the Bill may propose the Bill in the Housefor consideration.(4) If the proposal pursuant to clause (3) is accepted, discussion clause by clauseof the Bill shall be held in the House or in the relevant Committee.(5) The member introducing the Bill shall, after the completion of the clause byclause discussion on the Bill, if that discussion takes place in the House, or afterthe completion of the discussion on the report of the Committee, if the clause byclause discussion has taken place in Committee, move a motion in theLegislature- Parliament that the Bill be passed.(6) If the proposal presented pursuant to clause (5) is passed by a simple majorityof the total number of members of the House, the Bill shall be deemed to havepassed.86. Withdrawal of the BillThe member who introduces a Bill may withdraw the Bill with the approval ofthe House.87. Certification of the BillA Bill passed by the House shall become an Act after it is certified by *thePresident.**Provided that until the President holds office after the President's election,the Speaker shall cerify the Bill.* Amened on 2065 Jesth 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: by the speaker of the Legislature-Parliament.** Added on 2065 Jesth 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.146

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt*%= ljw]os kfl/t ug] { ljlwM-!_ ;bgdf ljw]os k|:t't ug{ rfxg] ;b:on] ljw]os k|:t't ug' { eGbf sDtLdf ;ft lbg cufj};f]sf] ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg] {5 .t/ ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] xsdf kfFr lbg cufl8 ;"rgf lbg' kof{Kt x'g]5 .-@_ ljw]os k]z x'g] lbgeGbf b'O{ lbg cufj} k|To]s ;b:onfO{ ljw]ossf] k|lt pknAw u/fOg]5 .-#_ ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] ;bg ;dIf ljw]osdfly ljrf/ ul/of];\ eGg] s'g} k|:tfj k|:t'tug{ ;Sg]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ePdf To:tf] ljw]os dflysf] bkmfaf/ 5nkmn;bgdf jf ;DalGwt ;ldltdf x'g]5 .-%_ ;bgdf bkmfaf/ 5nkmn ePsf]df ;f] ;dfKt ePkl5 / ;ldltdf bkmfjf/ 5nkmn ePsf]df;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg dflysf] 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] ljw]os kfl/tul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj k|:t't ug] {5 .-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd k|:t't ePsf] k|:tfj ;bgsf] s'n ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] ;fdfGo ax'dtaf6:jLs[t ePdf ljw]os kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 .*^=ljw]os lkmtf{ lng]Mljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] ;bgsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljw]os lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .*&=ljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0fM;bgaf6 kfl/t ljw]os k|df0fLs/0f */fi6«kltåf/f ePkl5 P]g aGg]5 .**t/ /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg eO{ sfo{ef/ g;Dxfn];Dd ;efd'våf/f g} k|df0fLs/0f x'g]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'våf/f**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f yk147

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS88. Ordinances(1) If at any time, except when the Legislative-Parliament is in session, *thePresident is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary totake immediate action, without prejudicing the provisions set out in thisConstitution, **the President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministersmay promulgate any Ordinance it deems necessary.(2) An Ordinance promulgated under Clause (1) shall have the same force andeffect as an Act.Provided that every such Ordinance(a) shall be tabled at the next session of Legislature-Parliament, and if notpassed it shall ipso facto cease to be effective;(b) may be repealed at any time by ***the President; and(c) shall, unless rendered ineffective or repealed under sub-clause (a) or (b),cease to have effect at the expiration of sixty days from the commencementof the session of the Legislature-Parliament.*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Government of Nepal.**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: the Government of Nepal.***Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: the Government of Nepal.148

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt**= cWofb]zM-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg jf a}7s rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cGo cj:yfdf tTsfns]xL ug{ cfjZos k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf */fi6«klt ;Gt'i6 ePdf o; ;+ljwfgdf n]lvPsfs'/fx¿sf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L **dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df cfjZos cWofb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cWofb]z P]g ;/x dfGo x'g]5 .t/ To:tf] k|To]s cWofb]z,–-s_ hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf k]z ul/g]5 / To:tf] a}7sn] :jLsf/gu/]df :jtM lgis[o x'g]5,-v_ ***/fi6«kltaf6 h'g;'s} avt vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5, /-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd lgis[o jf vf/]h gePdf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7s a;]sf];f7L lbgkl5 :jtM lgis[o x'g]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM g]kfn ;/sf/af6**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM g]kfn ;/sf/n]***g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM g]kfn ;/sf/af6149

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 9FINANCIAL PROCEDURE89. No tax to be levied or loan to be raised except in accordance with law(1) No tax shall be levied and collected except in accordance with law.(2) No loan shall be raised or guarantee be given by the Government of Nepalexcept in accordance with law.90. Consolidated FundExcept for the revenues of religious endowments, all revenues received by theGovernment of Nepal, all loans raised on the security of revenues, and all themoney received in repayment of any loan made under the authority of any Actand any amount received by the Government of Nepal shall be credited to aGovernment Fund to be known as the Consolidated Fund.Provided that, the money of religious endowments, other than privatereligious endowments, shall be regulated by laws to be enacted.91. Expenditures from the Consolidated Fund or a Government FundNo expenditure shall be incurred out of the Consolidated Fund or any otherGovernment fund other than the following(a) money charged on the Consolidated Fund,(b) money required to meet expenditure under an Appropriation Act,(c) advance money authorized by an Act required to meet expenditures,when an Appropriation Bill is under consideration, or(d) expenditures to be incurred in extraordinary circumstances under aVote of Credit Act which contains only a description of expenditure.Provided that matters relating to the Contingency Fund shall be governedin accordance with Article 98.92. Expenditure chargeable on the Consolidated FundThe expenditures relating to the following matters shall be charged on theConsolidated Fund:*(a) the amount to be provided for the salary and benefits of the Presidentand Vice-President".**(a1) the amount required as remuneration and benefits and pension payableto the Chief Justice of Nepal and other Judges of the Supreme Court,150*Added on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originally read:(a) the amount required as remuneration and benefits and pension payable to the Chief Justice of Nepal and other Judges of theSupreme Court,**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu (cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL*(= sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg]M-!_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} s/ nufOg] / p7fOg] 5}g .-@_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f s'g} C0f lnOg] / hdfgt lbOg] 5}g .()= ;l~rt sf]ifMu'7L /sd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf /fh:j, /fh:jsf] lwtf]df lnOPsf ;a}shf{x¿ / P]gsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t lbOPsf] h'g;'s} C0f c;'n x' Fbf k|fKt ePsf] ;a} wg tyfg]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] cGo h'g;'s} /sd Ps ;/sf/L sf]ifdf cfDbfgL afFlwg]5 h;nfO{;l~rt sf]if elgg]5 .t/, lghL u'7L afx]ssf] cGo u'7Lsf] /sdsf] xsdf sfg"g agfO{ lgoldt ul/g]5 .(!= ;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 JooMb]xfosf /sd afx]s ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s'g} ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd lemSg ;lsg] 5}gM–-s_ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf] /sd,-v_ ljlgof]hg ug] { P]gåf/f vr{ x'g] /sd,-u_ ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf cj:yfdf k]:sLsf] ¿kdf P]gåf/f vr{ x'g] /sd, jf-3_ ljz]if cj:yfdf Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ P]gåf/f Joo x'g] /sd .t/ cfsl:ds sf]ifsf xsdf wf/f (* adf]lhd x'g]5 .(@=;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/Mb]xfosf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt vr{x¿ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g]5g\M–*-s_ /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf] /sd,**-s!_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf k|wfg GofofwLz tyf cGo GofofwLzx¿nfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds,;'ljwf / lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd,*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M -s_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wfgGofofwLz tyf cGo GofofwLzx¿nfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf / lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd,**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .151

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(b) the amount required as remuneration and benefits payable to thefollowing officials -(i) the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislature- Parliament,(ii) the Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the ConstituentAssembly,(iii) the Chief Commissioner and Commissioners ot he Commissionfor the Investigation of Abuse of Authority,(iv) the Auditor General,(v) the Chairperson and members of the Public Service Commission,(vi) the Chief Election Commissioner and other ElectionCommissioners, and(vii) the Chairperson and members of the National Human RightsCommission.(c) the administrative expenses of the Supreme Court, the Commission forthe Investigation of Abuse of Authority, the Office of the Auditor General,the Public Service Commission, the Election Commission and theNational Human Rights Commission,(d) all charges relating to debts for which the Government of Nepal is liable,(e) any sum required to be paid under any judgment or decree of a courtagainst the Government of Nepal; and(f) any other sum declared by law to be chargeable on the Consolidated Fund.93. Estimates of revenues and expenditure(1) The Finance Minister shall, with respect to every fiscal year, present before theLegislature-Parliament annual estimates including the following matters(a) an estimate of revenues,(b) the money required to meet the charges on the Consolidated Fund; and(c) the money required to meet the expenditure to be provided for by anAppropriation Act.(2) The annual estimate to be presented pursuant to clause (1) shall be accompaniedby a statement of the expenses allocated to each Ministry in the previous financialyear and particulars of whether the objectives of the expenses have been achieved.94. Appropriation ActThe money required to meet the expenditure to be provided by an AppropriationAct shall be specified under appropriate heads in an Appropriation Bill.152

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-v_ lgDg lnlvt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf /sdx¿M–-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;efd'v / pk–;efd'v,-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf,-#_ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmx¿,-$_ dxfn]vfk/LIfs,-%_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿,-^_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmx¿, /-&_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ .-u_ ;jf] {Rr cbfnt, clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vfk/LIfs, nf]s ;]jfcfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u;DaGwL k|zf;lgs Joox¿,-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] bfloTjsf] C0f ;DaGwL Jooef/,-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lj?4 cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cf1lKt cg';f/ ltg' { kg] { /sd, /-r_ sfg"gn] ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] egL lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /sd .(#= /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfgM-!_ cy{ dGqLn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] ;DaGwdf Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf b]xfosf s'/fx¿ ;d]tv'nfO{ jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ug{ ' kg] {5 M–-s_ /fh:jsf] cg'dfg,-v_ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] cfjZos /sdx¿, /-u_ ljlgof]hg P]gåf/f Joo x'g] cfjZos /sdx¿ .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ubf{ cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df k|To]s dGqfnonfO{5'6\ofOPsf] vr{sf] /sd / ;f] vr{ cg';f/sf] nIo xfl;n eof] jf ePg To;sf] ljj/0f klg k]zug' { kg] {5 .($= ljlgof]hg P]gMljlgof]hg P]g cg';f/ Joo x'g] cfjZos /sd zLif{sx¿df lglb{i6 u/L ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf/flvg]5g\ .153

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS95. Supplementary estimates(1) The Finance Minister shall, in respect of any financial year, presentsupplementary estimates before the Legislature-Parliament, if it is found -(a) that the sum authorized to be spent for a particular service by theAppropriation Act for the current fiscal year is insufficient, or that a needhas arisen for expenditure upon new services not provided for by theAppropriation Act for that year, or(b) that the expenditures made during that fiscal year are in excess of the amountauthorized by the Appropriation Act.(2) The sums included in the supplementary estimates shall be specified underseparate heads in a Supplementary Appropriation Bill.96. Votes on Account(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Part, a portion of the expenditureestimated for the financial year may, when an Appropriation Bill is underconsideration, be incurred in advance by an Act.(2) A Vote on Account Bill shall not be submitted until the estimates of revenuesand expenditures have been presented in accordance with the provisions of Article93 and the sums involved in the Vote on Account shall not exceed one-third of theestimate of expenditure for the financial year.(3) The expenditure incurred in accordance with the Vote on Account Actshall be included in the Appropriation Bill.#96A. Special arrangements regarding revenue and expenditure:(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Part, if a special situationarises that prevents the submission of the estimates of expenditure and revenuefor the next fiscal year to the Legislature-Parliament by the end of the currentfiscal year, revenue may be collected according to the Finance Act of the currentfiscal year.(2) In case of the emergence of a situation under Clause (1) the Finance Ministermay explain the reason and introduce in the Legislature-Parliament a Billregarding authority to spend in the next fiscal year an amount not exceedingone-third of the total expenditure of the current fiscal year .(3) The amount expended pursuant to Article (2) shall be included in theAppropriation Bill.# Added on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12 , 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065.154

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt(%= k"/s cg'dfgM-!_ s'g} cfly{s jif{df b]xfosf] cj:yf kg{ cfPdf cy{ dGqLaf6 Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k"/scg'dfg k]z ul/g]5 M–-s_ rfn" cfly{s jif{sf lgldQ ljlgof]hg P]gåf/f s'g} ;]jfsf] nflu vr{ ug{ clVtof/LlbOPsf] /sd ckof{Kt ePdf jf To; jif{sf lgldQ ljlgof]hg P]gn] clVtof/ glbPsf]gofF ;]jfdf vr{ ug{ cfjZos ePdf, jf-v_ To; cfly{s jif{df s'g} ljlgof]hg P]gåf/f clVtof/L lbPsf] /sdeGbf a9L vr{ x'guPdf .-@_ k"/s cg'dfgdf /flvPsf] /sd zLif{sx¿df lglb{i6 u/L k"/s ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf /flvg]5g\ .(^=k]:sL vr{M-!_ o; efudf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdfcfly{s jif{sf nflu cg'dfg ul/Psf] Joosf] s'g} c+z cufj} k]:sLsf ¿kdf P]gåf/f vr{ ug{;lsg]5 .-@_ wf/f (# df ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg';f/ /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg k]z gul/P;Dd k]:sL vr{ljw]os k|:t't ul/g] 5}g / k]:sLsf] /sd cfly{s jif{sf] Joo cg'dfgsf] t[tLof+zeGbf a9Lx'g]5}g .-#_ k]:sL vr{ P]g cg';f/ vr{ ePsf] /sd ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .#(^s= /fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M-!_ o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf cfufdLcfly{s jif{sf] nflu /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]; x'g g;Sg] ljz]ifkl/l:ylt pTkGg ePdf rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] cfly{s P]g adf]lhd /fh:j ;ª\sng ug{ ;lsg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg ePdf cy{ dGqLn] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ rfn" cfly{sjif{sf] s'n Joosf] Ps t[tLof+zdf ga9\g] u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] nflu vr{ ug] { clwsf/sf]ljw]os Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]; ug{ ;Sg]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd vr{ ePsf] /sd ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f yk155

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(4) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Constitution, a Billpresented to the Legislature-Parliament pursuant to Clause (2) may be debatedand passed on the same day as the introduction of the Bill.97. Votes of CreditNotwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Part, if owing to a localor national emergency due to either natural causes, a threat of external aggressionor internal disturbances or other reasons, and it is impractical or inexpedient inview of the security or interest of the State to specify the details required underArticle 93, the Finance Minister may present a Vote of Credit Bill before theLegislature-Parliament giving only a description of the proposed expenditure.98. Contingency FundAn Act may create a Contingency Fund into which shall be paid from time totime such money as may be determined by law. Such Fund shall be under thecontrol of the Government of Nepal. Any unforeseen expenditures shall be metout of such Fund by the Government of Nepal. The amount of the expendituresso met shall be reimbursed as soon as possible by an Act.99. Act relating to financial proceduresMatters relating to the transfer of money appropriated from one head to anotherand other financial procedures shall be regulated by an Act.156

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-$_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdJoj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]; ePsf] ljw]os ;f] ljw]os k]; ePsf] lbgdf g} 5nkmnk|f/De u/L kfl/t ug{ ;lsg]5 .(&=pwf/f] vr{Mo; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fs[lts sf/0f jf jfx\o cfqmd0fsf] cfzÍfjf cfGtl/s lj£g jf cGo sf/0fn] ubf{ :yfgLo jf /fi6«JofkL ;Í6sf] cj:yf ePdf wf/f (#cGtu{t rflxg] ljj/0f v'nfpg cJofjxfl/s jf /fHosf] ;'/Iff jf lxtsf b[li6n] cjf~5gLob]lvPdf cy{ dGqLn] Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]zug{ ;Sg]5 .(*= cfsl:ds sf]ifMP]gåf/f cfsl:ds sf]ifsf gfdn] Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf] sf]ifdf ;do ;dodfP]gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP cg';f/sf] /sd hDdf ul/g]5 . ;f] sf]if g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /xg]5 .g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;f] sf]ifaf6 cfsl:ds sfo{sf] nflu vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] vr{sf] /sd P]gåf/foyfzL3| ;f]wegf{ ul/g]5 .((= cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]gMP]gåf/f ljlgof]lht Ps zLif{saf6 csf] { zLif{sdf /sd ;fg] { / cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGos'/fx¿ P]gåf/f Jojl:yt x'g]5 .157

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 10JUDICIARY100. Courts to exercise powers related to justice(1) Powers relating to justice in Nepal shall be exercised by courts and otherjudicial institutions in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, thelaws and the recognized principles of justice.(2) The judiciary of Nepal shall be committed to this Constitution by recognizingthe concept, norms and values of the independent judiciary, and by realizingthe spirit of democracy and the aspirations of the Jana Andolan.101. Courts(1) There shall be the following courts in Nepal(a) Supreme Court,(b) Appellate Court, and(c) District Court.(2) In addition to the courts referred to in clause (1), for the purpose of hearingspecial types of cases the law may establish and constitute special types ofcourts, judicial institutions or tribunals.Provided that no court, judicial institution or tribunal shall be constitutedfor the purpose of hearing a particular case.102. Supreme Court(1) The Supreme Court shall be the highest court in the judicial hierarchy.(2) All other courts and judicial institutions of Nepal, other than the ConstituentAssembly Court, shall be under the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court mayinspect, supervise and give directives to its subordinate courts and other judicialinstitutions.(3) The Supreme Court shall be a Court of Record. It may initiate proceedingsand impose penalties in accordance with law for contempt of itself and of itssubordinate courts or judicial institutions.158

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !)Gofokflnsf!))= Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x'g]M-!_ g]kfnsf] Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"g tyf Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt cg';f/cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfox¿af6 k|of]u ul/g]5 .-@_ g]kfnsf] Gofokflnsfn] :jtGq Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff / d"NodfGotfnfO{ cg';/0fu/L nf]stGq / hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub} { o; ;+ljwfgk|lt k|ltj4 /xg]5 .!)!= cbfntx¿M-!_ g]kfndf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cbfntx¿ /xg]5g\M–-s_ ;jf] {Rr cbfnt,-v_ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, /-u_ lhNnf cbfnt .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s vf; lsl;d / k|s[ltsf d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{sfg"gåf/f cGo cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf Gofoflws/0fsf] :yfkgf / u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .t/ s'g} vf; d'2fsf] nflu cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf Gofoflws/0fsf] u7g ul/g] 5}g .!)@= ;jf] {Rr cbfntM-!_ Gofokflnsfsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] tx ;jf] {Rr cbfnt x'g]5 .-@_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfnt afx]s g]kfnsf cGo ;a} cbfnt / Goflos lgsfox¿ ;jf] {Rrcbfntsf dftxtdf x'g]5g\ . ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntn] cfˆgf] dftxtsf cbfnt / Goflos lgsfox¿sf]lg/LIf0f Pj+ ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{ / cfjZos lgb{ ]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .-#_ ;jf] {Rr cbfnt clen]v cbfnt x'g]5 . o;n] cfˆgf] / cfˆgf dftxtsf cbfnt jf Gofloslgsfox¿sf] cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL rnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .159

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(4) Except on the matters which fall under the jurisdiction of the ConstituentAssembly Court, the Supreme Court shall have the final power to interpret thisConstitution and other prevailing laws.(5) The Supreme Court shall, in addition to the Chief Justice of Nepal, consist ofup to a maximum of fourteen other Judges. If at any time, the number of existingJudges becomes insufficient due to an increase in the number of cases in theSupreme Court, ad hoc Judges may be appointed for a fixed term.103. Appointment and qualifications of Judges of the Supreme Court(1) *The President shall appoint the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court on therecommendation of the Constitutional Council, and the Chief Justice shallappoint other Judges of the Supreme Court on the recommendation of theJudicial Council. The tenure of office of the Chief Justice shall be six years fromthe date of appointment, subject to sub-clause (b) of clause (1) of Article 105.(2) Any person who has worked as a Judge of the Supreme Court for at leastthree years is eligible for appointment as Chief Justice.(3) Any person who has worked as a Judge of an Appellate Court or in anyequivalent post in the judicial service for at least seven years, or has worked asa gazetted officer first class or above of the judicial service for at least twelveyears, or has practised law for at least fifteen years as a law graduate advocateor senior advocate, or a distinguished jurist who has worked for at least fifteenyears in the judicial or legal field is eligible for appointment as a Judge of theSupreme Court.(4) If the office of the Chief Justice becomes vacant, or the Chief Justice is unable tocarry out the duties of his/her office due to illness or any other reason, or he/shecannot be present in office due to a leave of absence or his/her being outside ofNepal, the senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court shall be the Acting Chief Justice.(5) The Chief Justice and other Judges of the Supreme Court shall hold officeuntil they attain the age of sixty-five years.104. Conditions of service and privileges of the Chief Justice and Judges(1) The Chief Justice, and the permanent judges of the Supreme Court whohave served for at least five years, shall get a pension at retirement as providedfor in the law.160*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: The Prime Minister.

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-$_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg] { ljifodf afx]s o; ;+ljwfg / k|rlntsfg"gsf] JofVof ug] { clGtd clwsf/ ;jf] {Rr cbfntdf lglxt /xg]5 .-%_ ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] cltl/Qm a9Ldf rf}w hgf;Dd cGo GofofwLzx¿/xg]5g\ . s'g} ;dodf ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntdf d'2fsf] ;ª\Vof a9\g uO{ GofofwLzx¿sf] ;ª\Vofckof{Kt x'g uPdf s'g} lglZrt cjlwsf nflu c:yfoL GofofwLz lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 .!)#= ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm / of]UotfM-!_ */fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz / k|wfgGofofwLzn] Gofokl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm ug{ ]5 .k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbfjlw wf/f !)% sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] cwLgdf /xL lgo'lQm ePsf]ldltaf6 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .-@_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf]k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uo dflgg]5 .-#_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] GofofwLz jf ;f] ;/xsf] Gofo ;]jfsf] s'g} kbdf ;ft aif{ jf Gofo;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fL jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] kbdf sDtLdf afx| jif{ sfd u/]sf] jfsfg"gdf :gfts clwjQmf jf jl/i7 clwjQmfsf] x}l;otdf sDtLdf kGw| jif{ jsfnt u/]sf] jfsDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd Gofo jf sfg"gsf] If]qdf sfd u/L ljlzi6 sfg"gljb\sf ¿kdf Voflt k|fKtu/]sf] JolQm dfq ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .-$_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf c:j:ytfsf] jf c? s'g} sf/0fn] k|wfg GofofwLzcfˆgf] kbsf] sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePdf jf labf a;]sf] jf g]kfn aflx/ uPsf] sf/0fn] k|wfgGofofwLz ;jf] {Rr cbfntdf pkl:yt gx'g] cj:yf k/]df ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLzn]sfod d'sfod k|wfg GofofwLz eO{ sfd ug] ]5 .-%_ k|wfg GofofwLz / ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzx¿ k};ÝL jif{sf] pd]/ gk'u];Dd cfkmgf]kbdf jxfn /xg]5g\ .!)$= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwfM-!_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf sDtLdf kFfr jif{ sfd u/]sf] ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf]:yfoL GofofwLzn] cjsfz k|fKt ubf{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]5g\ .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]161

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(2) Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, the remuneration, leave,allowances, pension and other conditions of service of the Chief Justice andother Judges of the Supreme Court shall be regulated by law.(3) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (1) and (2), any Chief justice or Judgeof the Supreme Court who has been removed from office through impeachmentshall not be entitled to any gratuities and pensions.(4) The remuneration, privileges and other conditions of service of the ChiefJustice and other Judges of the Supreme Court shall not be altered to theirdisadvantage.105. Removal of the Chief Justice and Judges of the Supreme Court(1) The Chief Justice or other Judges of the Supreme Court shall be deemed tohave ceased to hold office in the following situationsa) if the Chief Justice submits his/her resignation *to the President or aJudge submits his/her resignation to the Chief Justice,b) if he/she attains the age of sixty-five years.c) if the Legislature-Parliament passes a resolution of impeachment,d) if he/she dies.(2) A motion for impeachment may be presented before the Legislature-Parliament against the Chief Justice or any other Judge on the ground thathe/she is unable to perform their duties for reasons of incompetence,misbehaviour, failure to discharge the duties of their office in good faith, physicalor mental condition, and if a two-thirds majority of the total number of itsmembers passes the resolution, he/she shall ipso facto cease to hold office.Provided that, the Chief Justice or Judge so charged shall not be deprivedof the opportunity to defend him/herself.(3) The Chief Justice or the Judge, against whom impeachment proceedingshave been initiated pursuant to clause (2), shall not perform the duties of his/heroffice until the proceedings are completed.106. Chief Justice or Judges not to be engaged in any other assignment(1) The Chief Justice or Judges of the Supreme Court shall not be engaged in ordeputed to any other assignment except that of a Judge.162*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: to the Council of Ministers.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-@_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz tyfGofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds, labf, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f Jojl:ytx'g]5g\ .-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dxfleof]uåf/f kbd'Qm ePsf] ;jf] {Rrcbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzn] pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] 5}g .-$_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ dsf{ kg] { u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwfjf ;]jfsf cGo zt{ ablng] 5}g .!)%= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d'Qm x'g]M-!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] cGo s'g} GofofwLz cfˆgf] kbaf6d'Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–-s_ k|wfg GofofwLzn] */fi6«klt ;dIf / GofofwLzn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdflbPdf,-v_ lghsf] k} +;L jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f ePdf,-u_ Joj:yflksf–;+;baf6 dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf,-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .-@_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf cGo s'g} GofofwLz sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f, OdfGbf/Lk"j{scfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf], zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s sf/0fn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf dxfleof]u k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 / ;f] k|:tfjtTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf lgh :jtM kbd'Qmx'g]5 .t/ To:tf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ ;kmfO k]z ug] { df}sfaf6jlGrt ul/g] 5}g .-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] sf/afxL k|f/De ePkl5 ;f] sf/afO{sf] 6'Ëf] gnfu];Ddcf/f]k nfu]sf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ug] { 5}g .!)^= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufpg gx'g]M-!_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g} kbdfsfddf nufOg] jf sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM dlGqkl/ifb\ ;dIf163

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSProvided that the Government of Nepal may, in consultation with theJudicial Council, assign the Chief Justice or a Judge of the Supreme Court towork concerning judicial inquiry or to legal or judicial investigation or research,for a specified period or to any other assignment of national importance.(2) Any person who has once held the office of Chief Justice or Judge of theSupreme Court shall not be eligible for appointment in any Government Service,except for the post as provided by sub-clause (a) of clause (1) of Article 131, norshall he/she be entitled to practice law before any court.107. Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court(1) Any Nepali citizen may file a petition in the Supreme Court to have any lawor any part thereof declared void on the ground of inconsistency with thisConstitution because it imposes an unreasonable restriction on the enjoymentof the fundamental rights conferred by this Constitution or on any other ground,and extra-ordinary power shall rest with the Supreme Court to declare thatlaw void either ab initio or from the date of its decision if it appears that the lawin question is inconsistent with the Constitution.(2) The Supreme Court shall, for the enforcement of the fundamental rightsconferred by this Constitution, for the enforcement of any other legal right forwhich no other remedy has been provided or for which the remedy even thoughprovided appears to be inadequate or ineffective, or for the settlement of anyconstitutional or legal question involved in any dispute of public interest orconcern, have the extraordinary power to issue necessary and appropriateorders to enforce such rights or settle the dispute. For these purposes, theSupreme Court may, with a view to imparting full justice and providing theappropriate remedy, issue appropriate orders and writs including the writs ofhabeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition and quo warranto.Provided that, except on the ground of absence of jurisdiction, theSupreme Court shall not, under this clause, interfere with the proceedings anddecisions of the Legislature-Parliament concerning violation of its privilegesand any penalties imposed therefor.(3) The Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction to hear original and appellatecases, to examine decisions referred for confirmation [Sadhak janchne], reviewcases and hear petitions as defined by law.164(4) The Supreme Court may review its own judgments or final orders subject tothe conditions and in the circumstances prescribed by law. Such a review shallbe carried out by judges other than those who were involved in making thedecision that is the subject of review.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtt/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb\;F +u k/fdz{ lnO{ ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jfGofofwLznfO{ Goflos hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlwsf] nflu sfg"g jf Gofo ;DaGwLcg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f jf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] cGo s'g} sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .-@_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz eO;s]sf] JolQm wf/f !#! sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf]v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] kbdf afx]s s'g} klg ;/sf/L kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g / lghn]s'g} klg c8\8f cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ ax; k}/jL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .!)&= ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]qM-!_ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xs pk/ cg'lrt aGb]h nufOPsf]n] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] s'g}sfg"g of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] x' Fbf ;f] sfg"g jf To;sf] s'g} efu ab/ 3f]lift u/L kfpF egL s'g}klg g]kfnL gful/sn] ;jf] {Rr cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / ;f] cg';f/ s'g} sfg"g ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsf] b]lvPdf ;f] sfg"gnfO{ k|f/Deb]lv g} jf lg0f{o ePsf] ldltb]lv cdfGo / ab/ 3f]liftug] { c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;jf] {Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .-@_ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf csf] { pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf] jfcsf] { pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf k|efjxLg b]lvPsf] cGo s'g} sfg"gLxssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} ljjfbdf ;dfj]z ePsf] s'g};+j}wflgs jf sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg¿k0fsf] nflu cfjZos / pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L To:tf] xssf]k|rng u/fpg] jf ljjfb 6'Ëf] nufpg] c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;jf] {Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf]nflu k"0f{ ¿kdf Gofo u/L plrt pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z,pTk| ]if0f, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f nufot h'g;'s} pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .t/ clwsf/ If]qsf] cefj ePsf]df afx]s Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] rnfPsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf]sf/afxL / tT;DaGwdf tf]s]sf] ;hfodf o; pkwf/f cGtu{t ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] x:tIf]k ug] { 5}g .-#_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntnfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd z'? d'2f x]g] {, k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg], ;fws hfFRg],d'2f bf]x¥ofpg] jf lgj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .-$_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf cj:yf / zt{df cfkm\gf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf]k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ klxnf km};nf ubf{sf GofofwLz afx]s cGoGofofwLzn] ug] {5g\ .165

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(5) Other powers and procedures of the Supreme Court shall be as prescribedby law.108. Establishment, management and jurisdiction of Appellate Courts andDistrict CourtsThe establishment and operation of the Appellate Courts, District Courts andother courts and judicial entities subordinate to the Supreme Court shall,subject to this Constitution, be as determined by law.109. Appointment, qualifications and conditions of service and privilegesof the Judges of Appellate Courts and Districts Courts(1) The Chief Justice shall, on the recommendation of the Judicial Council,appoint the Chief Judge and Judges of the Appellate Courts and Judges of theDistrict Courts.(2) Any Nepali citizen who has a Bachelor's Degree in law and has worked asa District Judge or worked in any post of gazetted first class officer of the JudicialService for a period of at least seven years; or has a Bachelors Degree in law andhas practiced as a senior advocate or advocate for at least ten years; or, for atleast 10 years, has either taught law or conducted research thereon or workedin any other field of law or justice shall be considered eligible for appointmentas Chief Judge or other Judge of an Appellate Court.(3) Any Nepali citizen who has a Bachelor's Degree in law and has worked forat least three years as a gazetted second class officer in the Judicial Service, orhas practiced law for at least eight years as an advocate after having obtaineda Bachelor's Degree in law, is eligible for appointment as a District Judge.(4) A person who is an advocate with a Bachelor's Degree in law and haspassed the written and oral examination conducted by the Judicial Councilmay be appointed to the post of the District Judge pursuant to clause (3). Suchexamination system and procedures shall be prescribed by law.(5) For the appointment to the post of judge of the Appellate Court and theDistrict Court the Judicial Council shall consider, inter alia, the qualifications,capacity, experience, dedication and contribution to justice, reputation earnedin public life and high moral character of a person and make recommendationsaccordingly.166

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-%_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] cGo clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .!)*= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / clwsf/ If]qMo; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, lhNnf cbfnt tyf ;jf] {Rr cbfnt dftxtsfcGo cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgf / Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .!)(= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{tyf ;'ljwfx¿M-!_ k|wfg GofofwLzn] Gofo kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLztyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm ug{ ]5 .-@_ sfg"gdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L lhNnf GofofwLz jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf]kbdf sDtLdf ;ft jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"gdf :gfts jl/i7 clwjQmf jf clwjQmfsf] ¿kdfsDtLdf bz jif{ jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf bz jif{ sfg"gsf] cWofkg, cGj]if0f jf sfg"g jf Gofo;DaGwL cGo s'g} If]qdf sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jfGofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .-#_ sfg"gdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf tLgjif{ sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"gdf :gfts clwjQmfsf] ¿kdf sDtLdf cf7 jif{ jsfnt u/]sf] g]kfnLgful/s lhNnf GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd sfg"gdf :gfts clwjQmfnfO{ lhNnf GofofwLzdf lgo'lQm ubf{ Gofokl/ifb\af6 lnOg] lnlvt / df}lvs k/LIffaf6 pQL0f{ ePsf JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm ul/g]5 . To:tf]k/LIff k|0ffnL / cGo sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-%_ Gofo kl/ifb\n] o; wf/f adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf] JolQmnfO{ of]Uotf, Ifdtf, cg'ej, Gofo k|ltsf]lgi7f / of]ubfg, ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf cfh{g u/]sf] VoftL, pRr g}lts rl/q ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/Lk'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{ ]5 .167

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(6) Unless the subject or context otherwise requires, the word "Judge" asmentioned in this Article and ensuing Articles shall mean and include anAdditional Judge.(7) The remuneration, allowances, pension, leave, gratuity and privileges andother conditions of service of the Chief Judge and other Judges of the AppellateCourts and the Judges of the District Court shall be as determined by law.(8) The remuneration, privileges and conditions of service of the Chief Judge,other Judges of the Appellate Courts and the Judges of the District Courts shallnot be altered to their disadvantage.(9) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (7), a Judge of an AppellateCourt or of a District Court who is removed from his/her office pursuant toSub-clause (c) of clause (10) shall not be entitled to any gratuities or pension.(10) A Judge of an Appellate Court or District Court shall cease to hold office inthe following circumstancesa) if he/she submits written resignation to the Chief Justice,b) if he/she attains the age of sixty three years,c) if he/she is removed by the Chief Justice in accordance with a decisionof the Judicial Council for reasons of incompetence, misbehaviour orfailure to discharge the duties of his/her office in good faith, incapacityto discharge those duties due to physical or mental reasons or fordeviation from the task of dispensing justice.A Judge of the Appellate Court or District Court who is facing a chargeunder this sub-clause shall be given a reasonable opportunity to defendhimself/herself; and for this purpose, the Judicial Council may constitute a"Committee of Inquiry" for recording the statement of the Judge, collectingevidence and submitting its findings thereon. The working procedure ofthe Committee shall be as regulated by law.d) if he/she dies.(11) A Judge of an Appellate Court or District Court against whom proceedingshave been initiated pursuant to sub-clause (c) of clause (10) shall not performthe duties of his/her office until the proceedings have been completed.168

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-^_ of] wf/f jf o; kl5sf cGo wf/fx¿df k|of]u ePsf] GofofwLz eGg] zAbn] ljifo jf k|;Ëaf6csf] { cy{ gnfu]df cltl/Qm GofofwLz ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .-&_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz, GofofwLz tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds,eQf, lgj[lQe/0f, labf, pkbfg / ;]jfsf cGo ;'ljwf / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0feP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .-*_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLz tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ dsf{kg] { u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng] 5| }g .-(_ pkwf/f -&_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pkwf/f -!)_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd kbd'QmePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzn] pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] 5}g .-!)_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt jf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLz cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'QmePsf] dflgg]5M–-s_ lghn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ lghsf] lq;L jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f ePdf,-u_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f, OdfGbf/Lk"j{s cfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf],zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s sf/0fn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ ePsf], Gofodf ljrlnt ePsf]eGg] cfwf/df kbd'Qm ug] { egL Gofo kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o adf]lhd k|wfg GofofwLzaf6kbd'Qm ePdf,o; v08 adf]lhd cf/f]k nfu]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ dgfl;j df}sf lbOg]5 / ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgh;Fu aofg lng, k|df0f;Íng ug{ / /fo ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ Gofo kl/ifb\n] hfFra'em ;ldlt u7g ug{;Sg]5 . ;f] ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t x'g]5 .-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .-!!_ pkwf/f -!)_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd sf/afxL k|f/De ePkl5 ;f] sf/afxLsf] 6'Ëf] gnfu];Ddcf/f]k nfu]sf] To:tf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzn] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ug]5}g .169

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS110. Judges of the Appellate Court and District Court not to be transferredto, or engaged in any other assignment(1) A judge shall not be transferred to, engaged in or deputed to any assignmentexcept that of a Judge.Provided that the Government of Nepal may, in consultation with theJudicial Council, assign a Judge of the Appellate Court and the District Courtfor a specified period to work concerning judicial inquiry, or to any legal orjudicial investigation or research, or to any other work of national concern.With regard to the Judges of the Appellate Courts or District Courts, the ChiefJustice, in consultation with the Judicial Council, may assign them to theabove mentioned work, including work relating to elections.(2) The Chief Justice may transfer the Judges of the Appellate Courts or DistrictCourts from one court to another on the recommendation of the Judicial Council.(3) The Chief Justice may assign a judge of any Court for a specified period oftime as a judge of another court of similar level taking into consideration thenumber and subject matter of the cases to be decided.(4) The Supreme Court may, as provided for in the law, authorize a judge whois designated as a judge in a geographical region to issue preliminary or interimorders through electronic or other media, in the course of dealing with cases,to another nearby court of the same level taking into consideration thegeographical situation.111. Transfer of casesIf the Supreme Court is satisfied that the dispensation of justice in a case registeredin a particular court may be adversely affected if it is heard by that court, theSupreme Court may order another court of the same level to hear the case.112. Responsibility of the Chief JusticeThe Chief Justice shall have the ultimate responsibility to make theadministration of justice effective, and for this purpose he/she may, subject tothis Constitution and other laws, give necessary instructions to the SupremeCourt and other subordinate courts.170

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!!)= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf ;?jf ug{ jfsfddf nufpg gx'g]M-!_ s'g} GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g} kbdf ;?jf ul/g], sfd nufOg] jfsfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb\;Fu k/fdz{ lnO{ k'g/fj]bg tyf lhNnf cbfntsf]GofofwLznfO{ Goflos hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlwsf] nflu sfg"g jf Gofo ;DaGwLcg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f jf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] cGo s'g} sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 . k'g/fj]bg cbfnt jflhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] xsdf k|wfg GofofwLzn] Gofo kl/ifb\;Fu k/fdz{ u/L plNnlvtsfd / lgjf{rg h:tf sfddf nufpg ;Sg]5 .-@_ Gofo kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf]GofofwLznfO{ Ps cbfntaf6 csf] { cbfntsf] GofofwLzdf ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .-#_ d'2fsf] ;ª\Vof / Goflos lg¿k0f ul/g' kg] { ljjfbsf] ljifo ;d]tsf] cfwf/df s'g} cbfntsf]GofofwLznfO{ s]xL ;dosf] nflu ;dfg txsf] cGo cbfntdf GofofwLz eO{ sfd sfh ug{ k|wfgGofofwLzn] k7fpg ;Sg]5 .-$_ s'g} If]qdf /x]sf GofofwLznfO{ ef}uf]lns b[li6n] glhssf] If]qsf] ;dfg txsf] cGo cbfntdf/x]sf] d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] qmddf sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 jfcGo dfWodaf6 k|f/lDes tyf cGtl/d cfb]z lbg] clwsf/ ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .!!!= d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg]Ms'g} cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] d'2f ;f] cbfntaf6 ;'g'jfO{ x' Fbf Gofo k|efljt x'g] cj:yf 5 eGg]sf/0f;Fu ;jf] {Rr cbfnt ;Gt'i6 ePdf To:tf] d'2f ;dfg txsf] cGo cbfntaf6 ;'g'jfO{ ug{;jf] {Rr cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .!!@= k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/LMd'n'ssf] Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] clGtd lhDd]jf/L k|wfg GofofwLzsf] x'g]5 / ;f]k|of]hgsf] nflu lghn] o; ;+ljwfg tyf cGo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;jf{ ]Rr cbfnt tyfdftxtsf cbfntnfO{ cfjZos lgb{ ]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .171

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS113. Judicial Council(1) There shall be a Judicial Council to make recommendations and give advicein accordance with this Constitution concerning the appointment of, transfer of,disciplinary action against, and dismissal of Judges, and other matters relatingto judicial administration, which shall consist of the following as its Chairpersonand members:-a) The Chief Justice – Chairpersonb) The Minister of Justice – Memberc) Senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court – Member#(d) A legal expert nominated by the President on therecommendation of the Prime Ministere) A senior advocate, or an advocatewho has at least twenty years experienceto be appointed by the Chief Justice on therecommendation of the Nepal Bar Association- Member– MemberExplanation: For the purpose of this article, the word "Minister" shall alsoinclude a Minister of State for Justice with an independent portfolio(2) The term of office of the members referred to in sub-clauses (c) and (d) of clause(1), shall be four years and their remuneration and privileges shall be the same asthose of a Judge of the Supreme Court.(3) The members referred to in sub-clause (c) and (d) of clause (1) above, may beremoved from office on the same grounds and in the same manner as providedfor the removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court.(4) The Chairperson and members of the Judicial Council may obtain and studythe documents and files of a case related to any complaint lodged against ajudge, and may furnish information thereon to the Judicial Council.(5) The Judicial Council may, while carrying out preliminary investigation of acomplaint received against a judge, constitute a Committee of Inquiry, if it hasdetermined that a detailed investigation by an expert is required.(6) The other functions, duties and powers of the Judicial Council shall be asdetermined by law.172#Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: d) A person to be nominated by the Prime Minister from among jurists – Member

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!!#= Gofo kl/ifb\M-!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm, ;?jf, cg'zf;g ;DaGwL sf/afxL, avf{;L /Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿sf] l;kmfl/; ug{ jf k/fdz{ lbg Pp6f Gofo kl/ifb\ /xg]5h;df b]xfo adf]lhd cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ x'g]5g\M–-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz– cWoIf-v_ Gofo dGqL– ;b:o-u_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf jl/i7td GofofwLz Pshgf – ;b:o#-3_ /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;dfdgf]gLt u/]sf] Ps hgf sfg'gljb\ – – ;b:o-ª_ g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;Pzgsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfgGofofwLzåf/f lgo'Qm jl/i7 clwjQmf jf sDtLdfaL; jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt clwjQmf– ;b:o:ki6Ls/0fM o; efusf] k|of]hgsf nflu ædGqLÆ eGgfn] :jtGq sfo{ef/ ePsf] /fHo dGqL;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -ª_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:osf] kbfjlw rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 / lghsf]kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] ;/x x'g]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -ª_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:onfO{ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .-$_ Gofo kl/ifb\sf] cWoIf nufotsf ;b:on] s'g} GofofwLzsf] ;DaGwdf kg{ cfPsf] ph'/L;Fu;Da4 d'2fsf sfuhft tyf kmfon dufO{ cWoog u/L Gofo kl/ifb\df To;sf] hfgsf/L lbg;Sg]5 .-%_ s'g} GofofwLzsf] ljifodf kg{ cfPsf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf k|f/lDes 5fglag u/fpFbf ljz]if1af6lj:t[t 5fglag ug' { kg{ ] b]lvPdf Gofo kl/ifb\n] hfFra'em ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .-^_ Gofo kl/ifb\sf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM -3_ sfg"gljb\ dWo] k|wfgdGqLaf6dgf]gLt Pshgf – ;b:o173

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS114. Judicial Service Commission(1) In appointing, transferring or promoting gazetted officers of the JudicialService or in taking departmental action concerning such officers in accordancewith law, the Government of Nepal shall act on the recommendation of theJudicial Service Commission.Provided that, for the purpose of permanent recruitment to gazetted postsof the Judicial Service from persons who are not already in the GovernmentService or from persons being promoted from non-gazetted to gazetted postswithin the Judicial Service, the Government of Nepal shall act on therecommendation of the Public Service Commission.(2) The Judicial Service Commission shall consist of the following as itsChairperson and members(a) The Chief Justice- Chairperson(b) The Minister of Justice- Member(c) The Senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court - Member(d) The Chairperson of the Public Service Commission - Member(e) The Attorney General- Member(3) Other functions, duties, powers and procedures of the Judicial ServiceCommission shall be as determined by law.115. Duty to extend cooperation to the courtsIt shall be the duty of the Government of Nepal and the offices and officialssubordinate to the Government of Nepal to act in aid of the Supreme Court andother courts in carrying out the functions of dispensing justice.116. Orders and decisions of courts to be binding(1) All shall abide by the orders and decisions made in the course of the hearingof a suit by courts.(2) Any interpretation given to a law or any legal principle laid down by theSupreme Court in the course of the hearing of a suit shall be binding on theGovernment of Nepal and all offices and courts.174

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!!$= Gofo ;]jf cfof]uM-!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg"g adf]lhd Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt kbdf lgo'lQm, ;?jf, a9'jf ubf{ jfTo:tf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ubf{ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;adf]lhd ug] {5 .t/ ;/sf/L ;]jfdf axfn g/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt kbdf gofF egf{åf/f:yfoL lgo'lQm ubf{ jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkq cglÍt kbaf6 Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt kbdf a9'jfubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ug' { kg] {5 .-@_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]udf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ x'g]5g\ M–-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz– cWoIf-v_ Gofo dGqL– ;b:o-u_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLz – ;b:o-3_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf – ;b:o-ª_ dxfGofoflwjQmf– ;b:o-#_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdx'g]5 .!!%= cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug' { kg] {MGofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df ;jf] {Rr cbfnt / cGo cbfntx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug' { g]kfn ;/sf/ /dftxtsf ;a} sfof{no jf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .!!^= cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg' kg{ ]M-!_ d'2f dfldnfsf] /f]xdf cbfntn] lbPsf] cfb]z jf lg0f{osf] ;a}n] kfng ug' { kg] {5 .-@_ d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] sfg"gsf] JofVof jf k|ltkfbg u/]sf] sfg"gLl;4fGt g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ;a} c8\8f cbfntx¿n] dfGg' kg] {5 .175

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS117. Annual report(1) Each year, the Supreme Court shall submit its annual report *to the President,and **the President through the Prime Minister shall make arrangements toplace such reports before the Legislature-Parliament.(2) The annual report to be submitted pursuant to clause (1) shall contain inter aliathe following particulars -(a) the number of cases registered in the Supreme Court and subordinate courts,(b) the number of cases disposed of and pending out of the cases registered asstated in sub-clause (a), and the reason for the latter being pending,(c) details of new precedents set by the Supreme Court,(d) number of cases reviewed by the Supreme Court,(e) description of judicial comment made by the Supreme Court, if any, on thematter of competence regarding the conduct of the judicial duty of anyjudge of a court subordinate to it,(f) amount of fines and penalties paid,(g) details regarding the implementation of decisions,(h) the budget appropriated to the Supreme Court and subordinate courts,and statement of expenditures.(3) While submitting the annual report pursuant to clause (1), the Supreme Courtshall also include the details of the work performed by the Judicial Council and theJudicial Service Commission.118. Constituent Assembly Court(1) A Constituent Assembly Court shall be constituted to resolve complaints regardingelection to the Constituent Assembly.(2) The constitution, jurisdiction and other matters relating to the ConstituentAssembly Court established pursuant to clause (1) shall be as determined by law.(3) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Constitution, unless apetition is filed in the court constituted pursuant to clause (1), in the manner prescribedby law, no question shall be raised in any court regarding the election of a member tothe Constituent Assembly.(4) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Constitution, once theprocess of election to the Constituent Assembly has commenced, no question shallbe raised in any court in such a way as to hinder the election.176*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: to the Prime Minister**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!!&= jflif{s k|ltj]bgM-!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] k|To]s jif{ cfˆgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg */fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 /**/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t\ To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug] { Joj:yfug{]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fx¿sf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf] ljj/0fv'nfpg' kg] {5M–-s_ ;jf{ ]Rr cbfnt / dftxtsf cbfntdf btf{ ePsf d'2fsf] ;ª\VofTds ljj/0f,-v_ v08 -s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd btf{ ePsf d'2f dWo] km5\of{ }6 ePsf / gePsf d'2fsf];ª\Vof / km5\of{ }6 x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f,-u_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntaf6 k|ltkfbg ePsf gofF ghL/x¿sf] ljj/0f,-3_ ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntaf6 k'g/fjnf]sg ePsf] d'2fsf] ;ª\Vof,-ª_ ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntn] dftxtsf cbfntsf] s'g} GofofwLzsf] Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] ;DaGwdfsfo{Ifdtf ;DaGwL ljifodf s'g} Goflos l6Kk0fL u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,-r_ b08 jf hl/jfgf c;'n pk/ ePsf] /sdsf] ljj/0f,-5_ km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ljj/0f,-h_ ;jf{ ]Rr cbfnt tyf dftxtsf cbfntnfO{ ljlgof]hg ePsf] ah]6 / vr{sf] ljj/0f .-#_ ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntn] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ubf{ Gofo kl/ifb\ / Gofo;]jfcfof]uaf6 ePsf sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug' { kg{ ]5 .!!*= ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntM-!_ lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ph'/L x]g{ Ps ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfnt u7g ul/g]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfntsf] u7g, If]qflwsf/ / cGo ljifox¿ sfg"gåf/flgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-#_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] cbfntdfsfg"gåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhd ph'/ gk/L ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:osf nflu ePsf] s'g} lgjf{rg ;DaGwdfs'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .-$_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg k|s[of k|f/DeePkl5 lgjf{rg cj?4 x'g] u/L s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL k|wfgdGqLn]**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL k|wfgdGqLn]177

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 11COMMISSION FOR THE INVESTIGATIONOF ABUSE OF AUTHORITY119. Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority(1) There shall be a Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority inNepal consisting of a Chief Commissioner and as many other Commissionersas required. If additional Commissioners are appointed apart from the ChiefCommissioner, the Chief Commissioner shall act as Chairperson of theCommission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority.(2) *The President shall, on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council,appoint the Chief Commissioner and other Commissioners.(3) Subject to the proviso in sub-clause (a) of clause (7), the term of office of theChief Commissioner and other Commissioners shall be six years from the dateof appointment.Provided that,(a) If, before the expiry of his/her term, the Chief Commissioner or aCommissioner attains the age of sixty-five, he/she shall retire.(b) The Chief Commissioner or a Commissioner may be removed fromhis/her office on the same ground and in the same manner as has beenset out for the removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court.(4) The office of the Chief Commissioner or a Commissioner shall be deemedvacant under the following circumstances -(a) if he/she submits a written resignation **to the President,(b) if pursuant to clause (3), his/her term expires or he/she is removed fromhis/her office,(c) if he/she dies.5) No person shall be eligible to be appointed as the Chief Commissioner or aCommissioner unless he/she -178*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: The Prime Minister**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: to the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !!clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u!!(= clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uM-!_ g]kfndf Ps clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u /xg]5 h;df k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfjZos;ª\Vofdf cGo cfo'Qmx¿ /xg]5g\ . k|d'v cfo'Qmsf cltl/Qm cGo cfo'Qm lgo'Qm ePdf k|d'vcfo'Qmn] clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd ug] {5 .-@_ */fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo cfo'Qmx¿sf] lgo'lQm ug{ ]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ sf] cwLgdf /xL k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGocfo'Qmx¿sf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .t/,-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf] pd]/ k} +;L jif{ k"/f ePdf lghcfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .-v_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'QmnfO{ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfgtl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ **/fi6«klt ;dIf lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf g/x]df,-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} JolQm k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nfluof]Uo x'g] 5}g M–*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf179

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(a) holds a Bachelor's Degree from a university recognized by theGovernment of Nepal,(b) is not a member of any political party immediately before theappointment,(c) has at least twenty years experience in the field of accounting, revenue,engineering, law, development or research and is a distinguished person(d) has attained forty-five years of age, and(e possesses a high moral character.(6) The remuneration and other conditions of service of the Chief Commissionerand the Commissioners shall be as determined by law. The remuneration andother conditions of service of the Chief Commissioner and the Commissionersshall not, so long as they hold office, be altered to their disadvantage.(7) A person once appointed as the Chief Commissioner or Commissioner shallnot be eligible for appointment in other Government Service.Provided that,(a) Nothing in this Clause shall be deemed to be a bar to appointment of aCommissioner of the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse ofAuthority as its Chief Commissioner, and when a Commissioner is soappointed as the Chief Commissioner, his/her term of office shall becomputed as to include his/her tenure as Commissioner as well.(b) Nothing in this clause shall be deemed to be a bar to appointment to anyposition of a political nature, or to any position which has the responsibilityof making investigations, inquiries or findings on any subject, or to anyposition which has the responsibility of submitting advice, opinions orrecommendations after carrying out studies or research on any subject.120. Functions, duties and powers of the Commission for the Investigationof Abuse of Authority(1) The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority may, in accordancewith law, conduct or cause to be conducted inquiries into, and investigations of,improper conduct or corruption by a person holding any public office.Provided that this Clause shall not be applicable to any official in relation towhom this Constitution itself separately provides for such action, and to any officialswith regard to whom other law has separately made special provision.180(2) An inquiry and investigation may be conducted, or caused to be conducted,against any official of a Constitutional Body removed from their office followingan impeachment resolution on the ground of misbehaviour, any Judge removedby the Judicial Council on similar charges, or any person proceeded against underthe Army Act after they are removed from office, in accordance with law.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/]sf],-v_ lgo'lQm x' Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],-u_ n]vf, /fh:j, OlGhlgol/Ë, sfg"g, ljsf; jf cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf sDtLdf aL; jif{ sfdu/L cg'ej / Voflt k|fKt u/]sf],-3_ k} +tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /-ª_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .-^_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdx'g]5g\ . k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg] { u/L kfl/>lds /;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .-&_ k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qm eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fÅo x'g]5}g .t/,-s_ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ug{o; pkwf/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} cfo'Qm k|d'v cfo'Qmsf]kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf]df lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ cfo'Qm ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8Lu0fgf ul/g]5 .-v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug] { jf s'g}ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug] { s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .!@)= clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M-!_ s'g} ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ jf e|i6frf/ u/L clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]uu/]sf] ;DaGwdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] sfg"g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg / txlssftug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .t/ o; ;+ljwfgdf 5'6\6} Joj:yf ePsf] kbflwsf/L / cGo sfg"gn] 5'6\6} ljz]if Joj:yfePsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .-@_ v/fa cfr/0fsf cfwf/df dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm x'g] ;+j}wflgs kbflwsf/Lx¿,Gofo kl/ifb\af6 ;f]xL cleof]udf kbd'Qm x'g] GofofwLzx¿ / ;}lgs P]g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g]JolQmsf xsdf lghnfO{ kbd'Qm eO;s]kl5 sfg"g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug{ u/fpg;lsg]5 .181

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(3) If the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority finds, uponinquiry or investigation carried out pursuant to clause (1), that any personholding any public office has misused his/her authority by committing an actwhich is defined by law as improper conduct, it may warn such person, orforward a recommendation to the authority concerned in writing to takedepartmental action or any other necessary action as prescribed by the law.(4) If the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority finds, uponinquiry or investigation carried out pursuant to clause (1), that a person holdingany public office has committed an act which is defined by law as corrupt, it maylodge or caused to be lodged a case against such person or any other personinvolved therein in a court with jurisdiction in accordance with the law.(5) If the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority finds, uponinquiry or investigation carried out pursuant to clause (1), that the nature ofthe work to be carried out by the person holding any public office falls underthe jurisdiction of another authority or body, it may forward a recommendationto the authority or body concerned in writing for necessary action.(6) Subject to this Constitution, other functions, duties, powers and proceduresof the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority shall be asdetermined by law.(7) The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority may delegateany of its powers, functions and duties relating to the inquiry, investigation orlodging of cases, to the Chief Commissioner, Commissioner or any employee ofthe Government of Nepal to be exercised in compliance with the conditionsspecified.121. Annual report(1) The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority shall submitan annual report *to the President on the work it has performed in accordancewith this Constitution, and **the President through the Prime Minister shallmake arrangements to submit such report before the Legislature-Parliament.(2) The annual report to be submitted pursuant to clause (1) shall contain interalia the total number of complaints lodged during the year at the Commissionfor the Investigation of Abuse of Authority; the number of cases in whichinvestigation has been completed, cases filed in court with jurisdiction inaccordance with law, with the number of cases pending, the cases in whichwarnings have been issued, or forwarded with recommendations in writing fordepartmental or any other necessary action; the achievements in preventingcorruption and the recommendations for improvements in the future.182*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: to the Prime Minister**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfg / txlssftaf6 ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g}JolQmn] sfg"g adf]lhd cg'lrt sfo{ dflgg] s'g} sfd u/L clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u u/]sf] b]lvPdfclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] lghnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, ljefuLo sf/afxL jf sfg"gdfJoj:yf eP adf]lhd cGo cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu clVtof/jfnf ;dIf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfg / txlssftaf6 ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g}JolQmn] sfg"g adf]lhd e|i6frf/ dflgg] s'g} sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] To:tf] JolQm / ;f] ck/fwdf ;+nUg cGo JolQm pk/ sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKtcbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .-%_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfg / txlssftaf6 ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmsf]sfd sf/afxL cGo clwsf/L jf lgsfosf] clwsf/ If]q cGtu{t kg{ ] k|s[ltsf] b]lvPdf clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfo ;dIfn]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .-^_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo /clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-&_ cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug] { jf d'2f rnfpg] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/dWo] s'g} sfd,st{Jo / clwsf/ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] k|d'v cfo'Qm, cfo'Qm jf g]kfn;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'Dkg;Sg]5 .!@!= jflif{s k|ltj]bgM-!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{sk|ltj]bg */fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / **/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t\ To:tf] k|ltj]bgJoj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug] { Joj:yf ug{ ]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]udf jif{el/ k/]sf ph'/L, cg';Gwfg txlssft u/L sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKtcbfntdf bfo/ u/]sf] / tfd]nLdf /fv]sf] d'2fsf] ;ª\Vof, cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf]df ;r]t u/fPsf]jf ljefuLo sf/afxL jf cGo sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fPsf] ;ª\Vof, e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fsf;DaGwdf ePsf] pknlAw tyf ;f] ;DaGwdf eljiodf ug' { kg{ ] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug' { kg{ ]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]183

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 12AUDITOR GENERAL122. Auditor General(1) There shall be an Auditor General of Nepal.(2) The Auditor General shall be appointed by *the President on therecommendation of the Constitutional Council.(3) Subject to the proviso of clause (7), the term of office of the Auditor Generalshall be six years from the date of appointment.Provided that,(a) If, before the expiry of his/her term, the Auditor General attains the ageof sixty-five, he/she shall retire.(b) The Auditor General may be removed from his/her office on the samegrounds and in the same manner as has been set out for removal of aJudge of the Supreme Court.(4) The office of the Auditor General shall be deemed vacant in the followingcircumstances -(a) if he/she submits a written resignation **to the President,(b) if pursuant to clause (3) his/her term expires or he/she is removed fromhis/her office,(c) if he/she dies.(5) No person shall be eligible to be appointed as the Auditor General unlesshe/she -(a) holds a Bachelors Degree in Management, Commerce or Accounts froma university recognized by the Government of Nepal, or has worked asa Special Class Officer of the Government of Nepal after successfullycompleting the Chartered Accountants examination, or has at leasttwenty years experience in the field of auditing;(b) is not a member of any political party immediately before appointment;(c) has attained forty-five years of age, and(d) possesses high moral character184*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: to the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !@dxfn]vfk/LIfs!@@= dxfn]vfk/LIfsM-!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfn]vfk/LIfs x'g]5 .-@_ */fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug{ ]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] cwLgdf /xL dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf]ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .t/,-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] pd]/ k} +;L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh cfˆgf]kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .-v_ dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn];f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ lghn] **/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf g/x]df,-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} JolQm dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5}g M–-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHozf:q jf n]vfdf:gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L jf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G;L k/LIff pQL0f{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6>]0fLdf sfd u/]sf] jf n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL sfddf sDtLdf aL; jif{ cg'ej k|fKtu/]sf],-v_ lgo'lQm x' Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],-u_ k} +tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf185

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(6) The remuneration and other conditions of service of the Auditor Generalshall be as determined by law. The remuneration and other conditions of serviceof the Auditor General shall not, so long as he/she holds office, be altered tohis/her disadvantage.(7) A person once appointed as the Auditor General shall not be eligible forappointment in other Government service.Provided that nothing in this clause shall be a bar to appointment to anyposition of a political nature, or to any position which has the responsibility ofmaking investigations, inquiries or findings on any subject, or to any positionwhich has the responsibility of submitting advice, opinions or recommendationsafter carrying out studies or research on any subject.123. Functions, duties and powers of the Auditor General(1) The accounts of the Supreme Court, Legislature-Parliament, ConstituentAssembly, Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, AuditorGeneral, Public Service Commission, Election Commission, National HumanRights Commission, Office of the Attorney General and other offices ofconstitutional entities and the Nepal Army and Armed Police and the NepalPolice as well as of all other government offices and courts shall be audited by theAuditor General in the manner determined by law, with due consideration givento the regularity, economy, efficiency, effectiveness and the propriety thereof.(2) The Auditor General shall be consulted in the matter of the appointment ofauditors for carrying out the audit of any corporate body of which the Governmentof Nepal owns more than fifty percent of the shares or assets. The Auditor Generalmay also issue necessary directives setting forth the principles for carrying outthe audit of such corporate bodies.(3) The Auditor General shall, at all times, have access to documents concerningthe accounts for the purpose of carrying out the functions specified in clause (1).It shall be the duty of the head of the office in question to provide all documentsor information which may be demanded by the Auditor General or his/heremployees.(4) The accounts to be audited pursuant to clause (1) shall, subject to the relevantlaw, be maintained in such form as is prescribed by the Auditor General.186

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-^_ dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .dxfn]vfk/LIfs cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg] { u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGozt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .-&_ dxfn]vfk/LIfs eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug] { jf s'g}ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug] { s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .!@#= dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M-!_ ;jf] {Rr cbfnt, Joj:yflksf–;+;b, ;+ljwfg ;ef, clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u,dxfn]vfk/LIfs, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfof{no tyf cGo ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] sfof{no / g]kfnL ;]gf Pj+ ;z:q k|x/L jf g]kfn k|x/Lnufotsf ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{no / cbfntsf] n]vf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t tl/sf adf]lhd lgoldttf,ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / cf}lrTo ;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0fx'g]5 .-@_ krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ubf{ dxfn]vfk/LIfs;Fu k/fdz{ ul/g]5 . To:tf];+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg] { l;4fGtsf] ;DaGwdf dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] cfjZoslgb] {zg lbg ;Sg]5 .-#_ dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] nflu n]vf ;DaGwL sfuhkq h'g;'s}avt x]g{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 . ;f] cg';f/ dxfn]vfk/LIfs jf To;sf s'g} sd{rf/Ln] dfu u/]sf]h'g;'s} sfuhkq tyf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -!_ cg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] n]vf ;DalGwt sfg"gsf cwLgdf /xL dxfn]vfk/LIfsåf/ftf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf /flvg]5 .187

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(5) In addition to the accounts of the offices referred to in clause (1), the law mayalso require that the accounts of any other office or institution be audited by theAuditor General.124. Annual report(1) The Auditor General shall submit *to the President an annual report on thework the office has performed, and **the President through the Prime Ministershall make arrangements to submit such reports to the Legislature-Parliament.(2) The annual report to be submitted pursuant to clause (1) above shall state,inter alia, the offices in respect of which the Auditor General has carried outaudits in that year, any irregularities revealed by the audit, the achievementsin resolving irregularities and the results obtained, and the details ofrecommendations for reform in future in regard to audit188*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: to the Prime Minister**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-%_ pkwf/f -!_ df pNn]v ePsf sfof{nox¿sf] n]vfsf cltl/Qm cGo s'g} sfof{no jf ;+:yfsf]dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ug' {kg] { u/L sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .!@$= jflif{s k|ltj]bgM-!_ dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg */fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{ ]5 /**/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug] { Joj:yf ug] {5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6jif{el/df n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf lgsfosf] ljj/0f, n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h'sf] l:ylt, a]?h'km5\of} {6 ug{ u/]sf] k|of; / a]?h' km5\of} {6sf ;DaGwdf k|fKt pknlAw tyf n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwdfeljiodf ug' { kg{ ] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug' { kg{ ]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]189

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 13PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION125. Public Service Commission(1) There shall be a Public Service Commission of Nepal consisting of aChairperson and such number of other members as may be required.(2) *The President shall on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council,appoint the Chairperson and other members of the Public Service Commission.(3) At least fifty percent of the total number of members of the Public ServiceCommission shall be appointed from persons who have worked for at leasttwenty years in any government service, and the rest of the members shall beappointed from persons who have done research, investigation, teaching orany other significant work in fields such as science, technology, art, literature,law, public administration, sociology or any other sphere of national life andwho hold a high reputation.(4) Subject to the proviso under sub-clause (a) of clause (8), the term of office ofthe Chairperson and other members of the Public Service Commission shall besix years from the date of appointment.Provided that,(a) If, before the expiry of his/her term, the Chairperson or a member of thePublic Service Commission attains the age of sixty-five, he/she shallretire.(b) The Chairperson and other members of the Public Service Commissionmay be removed from office on the same grounds and in the same manneras has been set out for the removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court.(5) The office of the Chairperson or other members of the Public Service Commissionshall be deemed vacant in the following circumstances -(a) if he/she submits a written resignation **to the President,(b) if pursuant to clause (4) his/her term expires or he/she is removed fromhis/her office,(c) if he/she dies.190*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: to the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !#nf]s ;]jf cfof]u!@%= nf]s ;]jf cfof]uM-!_ g]kfndf Ps nf]s ;]jf cfof]u x'g]5 h;df cWoIf / cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ;b:ox¿/xg]5g\ .-@_ */fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf]lgo'lQm ug{ ]5 .-#_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf ;b:ox¿dWo] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt ;b:ox¿ aL; jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9Lcjlw;Dd s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 / afFsL ;b:ox¿ lj1fg, k|ljlw, snf,;flxTo, sfg"g, hgk|zf;g, ;dfhzf:q jf /fli6«o hLjgsf cGo If]qdf zf]w, cg';Gwfg, cWofkgjf cGo s'g} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/L Vofltk|fKt u/]sf JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 lgo'Qm x'g]5g\ .-$_ pkwf/f -*_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ sf] cwLgdf /xL nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf]cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .t/,-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g cufj} nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] pd]/ k};L jif{ k"/fePdf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .-v_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfgcfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–-s_ lghn] **/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf g/x]df,-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf191

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(6) No person shall be eligible to be appointed as Chairperson or member of thePublic Service Commission unless he/she possess the following qualifications -(a) holding a post-graduate degree from a university recognized by theGovernment of Nepal,(b) not being a member of any political party immediately before theappointment,(c) having attained the age of forty-five years, andd) possessing high moral character.(7) The remuneration and other conditions of service of the Chairperson andthe member of the Public Service Commission shall be as determined by law.The remuneration and other conditions of service of the Chairperson and themembers of the Public Service Commission shall not, so long as they hold office,be altered to their disadvantage.(8) A person once appointed to the office of the Chairperson and the member ofthe Public Service Commission shall not be eligible for appointment in otherGovernment services.Provided that,(a) Nothing in this clause shall be deemed to be a bar to the appointment ofa member of the Public Service Commission as Chairperson thereof, andwhen a member is so appointed as the Chairperson, his/her term ofoffice shall be computed so as to include his/her tenure as member aswell.(b) Nothing in this clause shall be deemed to be a bar to appointment to anyposition of a political nature, or to any position which has theresponsibility of making investigations, inquiries or findings on anysubject, or to any position which has the responsibility of submittingadvice, opinions or recommendations after carrying out studies orresearch on any subject.126. Functions, duties and powers of the Public Service Commission(1) It shall be the duty of the Public Service Commission to conduct examinationsfor the selection of suitable candidates to be appointed to Civil Service posts.Explanation: For the purposes of this Article, all services and positions in theGovernment of Nepal shall be deemed included within the Civil Service, exceptArmy officers or soldiers and the service and positions of Armed Police orPolice personnel, and such other services and positions as are excluded fromthe Civil Service or positions by Act.192

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-^_ b]xfo adf]lhd geO{ s'g} JolQm nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nfluof]Uo x'g] 5}g M–-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]Q/ pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],-v_ lgo'lQm x' Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],-u_ k} +tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .-&_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0feP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{dsf{ kg] { u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .-*_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf]lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/,-s_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg]5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgfubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .-v_ s'g] } /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug] { jf s'g}ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug] { s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .!@^= nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M-!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] lgldQ pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 ug{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug'nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 .:ki6Ls/0fM o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;}lgs clws[t jf hjfg / ;z:q k|x/L jf k|x/Lsd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf jf kb tyf lghfdtL ;]jf jf kb xf]Og egL P]gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cGo ;]jf jf kbafx]s g]kfn ;/sf/sf c? ;a} ;]jf jf kbnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf jf kb dflgg]5 .193

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(2) Permanent appointment to any position in the Civil Service which carriesthe benefit of pension shall not be made except in consultation with the PublicService Commission.(3) The Public Service Commission shall be consulted on the following subjectsa) matters concerning the law relating to the conditions of service of theCivil Service,b) the general principles to be followed in the course of appointment to,promotion to, and departmental action concerning therein, the CivilService or positions therein,c) matters concerning the suitability of any candidate for appointment toa Civil Service position for a period of more than six months,d) matters concerning the suitability of any candidate for transfer orpromotion from one service to another within the Civil Service or fromany other Government Service to the Civil Service,e) matters concerning the permanent transfer or promotion of any employeeworking in any position of an organization which is not required toconsult with the Public Service Commission on matters of appointment,to any position for which consultation with the Public ServiceCommission is required, andf) matters relating to departmental actions proposed against any CivilServant.(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (3), matters falling withinthe purview of the Judicial Service Commission pursuant to Article 144 shallbe governed by that Article.(5) The Public Service Commission shall be consulted on the general principlesto be followed in the course of appointment to, and promotion of members of,the Military Service, Armed Police Service or Police Service.(6) The Public Service Commission may provide advice, if requested by anypublic enterprise, with regard to the existing law relating to the terms andconditions of service of their employees, and with regard to the general principlesto be followed in the course of appointment of, promotion of, and departmentalaction against, such employees.Explanation: For the purpose of this Article the words "public enterprise"mean any corporate body in which the Government of Nepal owns and controlsmore than fifty percent of the shares or assets.194

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-@_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] kbdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ ljgf :yfoL lgo'lQmul/g] 5}g .-#_ b]xfosf ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg] {5M–-s_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] zt{ ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] ljifodf,-v_ lghfdtL ;]jf jf kbdf lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg' kg] { l;4fGtsf]ljifodf,-u_ lghfdtL kbdf 5 dlxgfeGbf a9L ;dosf] nflu lgo'lQm ubf{ pDd]bjf/sf] pko'Qmtfsf]ljifodf,-3_ s'g} Ps k|sf/sf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 csf] { k|sf/sf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf jf cGo;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;?jf jf a9'jf ubf{ pDd]bjf/sf] pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf,-ª_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' gkg] { cj:yfsf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg] { cj:yfsf] kbdf :yfoL ;?jf jf a9'jf ug] { ljifodf, /-r_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] ljefuLo ;hfosf] ljifodf .-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg wf/f !!$ adf]lhd Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf]clwsf/If]qleq kg{ ] ljifodf ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g]5 .-%_ ;}lgs ;]jf, ;z:q k|x/L ;]jf jf k|x/L ;]jf jf cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm / a9'jfubf{ ckgfpg' kg{ ] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng'kg{ ]5 .-^_ s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g / To:tf];]jfsf kbsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{ ] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] ljifodfnf]s ;]jf cfof]u;Fu To:tf] ;+:yfn] k/fdz{ lng rfx]df nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] k/fdz{ lbg ;Sg]5 .:ki6Ls/0fM o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] krf; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbfa9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ hgfpg]5 .195

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(7) The Public Service Commission may delegate any of its functions, dutiesand powers to any of its members, a committee of such members or any employeeof the Government of Nepal, to be exercised in compliance with specifiedconditions.(8) Subject to this Constitution, other functions, duties and working proceduresof the Public Service Commission shall be as determined by law.127. Annual report(1) Each year, the Public Service Commission shall submit *to the President anannual report on the work it has performed, and **the President through thePrime Minister shall make arrangements to submit such reports before theLegislature-Parliament.(2) The annual report to be submitted pursuant to clause (1), shall contain, interalia, description of the examinations conducted by the Public ServiceCommission throughout the year for selecting candidates, candidates whosucceeded in such examinations, advice provided to various agencies, advicegiven with regard to departmental action against and punishment of civilservants and the follow-up thereto, consultation provided, if any, on theapplication of the general principles to be followed in the course of appointmentto, promotion to, and departmental action concerning the Government Service,and the matters relating to reform of the Civil Service in the future*Amended on 20665 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: to the Prime Minister**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: the Prime Minister196

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-&_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfˆgf]s'g} ;b:o jf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ldlt jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xLk|of]u tyf kfng ug] { u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .-*_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/flgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .!@&= jflif{s k|ltj]bgM-!_ k|To]s jif{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] k|ltj]bg */fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{ ]5 /**/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t\ To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug] { Joj:yfug]{5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm nf]s ;]jf cfof]un]jif{el/df pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 ug{ lnPsf] k/LIffsf] ljj/0f, ;f] k/LIffdf pQL0f{ k/LIffyL{ ;DaGwLljj/0f, ljleGg lgsfonfO{ k/fdz{ lbPsf] ljj/0f, lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL /;hfo ubf{ lbPsf] k/fdz{sf] ljj/0f / k/fdz{ adf]lhdsf] sfd eP gePsf] ljj/0f, s'g} ;/sf/L;]jfsf] kbsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{ ] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] af/]dfk/fdz{ lbPsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f / eljiodf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug'kg{]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]197

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 14ELECTION COMMISSION128. Election Commission(1) There shall be an Election Commission in Nepal consisting of a Chief ElectionCommissioner and up to four other Commissioners. If, apart from the ChiefElection Commissioner, other Election Commissioners are appointed, the ChiefElection Commissioner shall act as the Chairperson of the Election Commission.(2) *The President shall, on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council,appoint the Chief Election Commissioner and the Election Commissioners.(3) Subject to the proviso under sub-clause (a) of clause (7), the term of office ofthe Chief Election Commissioner and the Election Commissioners shall be sixyears from the date of appointment.Provided that,(a) If before the expiry of his/her term the Chief Election Commissionerand the Election Commissioner attains the age of sixty-five, he/she shallretire.(b) The Chief Election Commissioner and the Election Commissioner maybe removed from his/her office on the same grounds and in the samemanner as has been set out for the removal of a Judge of the SupremeCourt.(4) The office of the Chief Election Commissioner or an Election Commissionershall be deemed vacant in the following circumstances(a) if he/she submits a written resignation **to the President,(b) if pursuant to clause (3) his/her term expires or he/she is removed fromoffice,(c) if he/she dies.198*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: to the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !$lgjf{rg cfof]u!@*= lgjf{rg cfof]uM-!_ g]kfndf Ps lgjf{rg cfof]u x'g]5 h;df k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cGo rf/ hgf;Ddlgjf{rg cfo'Qmx¿ /xg]5g\ . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf cltl/Qm cGo lgjf{rg cfo'Qm lgo'QmePdf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmn] lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd ug{ ]5 .-@_ */fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf]lgo'lQm ug{ ]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ sf] cwLgdf /xL k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm /lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .t/,-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] pd]/ k};L jif{k"/f ePdf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .-v_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'QmnfO{ ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfgcfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .-$_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–-s_ lghn] **/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf g/x]df,-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf199

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(5) No person shall be eligible to be appointed as the Chief ElectionCommissioner or an Election Commissioner unless he/she -(a) holds a Bachelor's Degree from a university recognized by theGovernment of Nepal,(b) is not a member of any political party immediately before theappointment,(c) has attained the age of forty-five years, and(d) possesses high moral character.(6) The remuneration and other conditions of service of the Chief ElectionCommissioner and the Election Commissioners shall be as determined by law.The remuneration and other conditions of service of the Chief ElectionCommissioner and the Election Commissioners shall not, so long as they holdoffice, be altered to their disadvantage.(7) A person once appointed to the office of the Chief Election Commissioner oran Election Commissioner shall not be eligible for appointment in otherGovernment Services.Provided that,(a) Nothing in this clause shall be deemed to be a bar to the appointment of anElection Commissioner as Chief Commissioner, and when a Commissioneris so appointed as the Chief Commissioner, his/her term of office shall becomputed as to include his/her term as Commissioner as well.(b) Nothing in this clause shall be deemed to be a bar to appointment toany position of a political nature, or to any position which has theresponsibility of making investigations, inquiries or findings on anysubject, or to any position which has the responsibility of submittingadvice, opinions or recommendations after carrying out studies orresearch on any subject.129. Functions, duties and powers of the Election Commission(1) The Election Commission shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitutionand other laws, conduct, supervise, direct and control the elections to theConstituent Assembly, any referendum to be held pursuant to Article 157 ofthis Constitution, and the local government body elections. For these purposes,the Election Commission shall prepare the voters' rolls.(2) If, after nominations for election to Constituent Assembly have been filedbut before the election is completed, a question arises as to whether a candidateis disqualified or has ceased to possess the qualifications set out in Article 65, afinal decision thereon shall be made by the Election Commission.200

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-%_ b]xfo adf]lhd geO{ s'g} JolQm k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uox'g] 5}gM–-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/]sf],-v_ lgo'lQm x' Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],-u_ k} +tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .-^_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ePadf]lhd x'g]5g\ . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{kg{ ] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .-&_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qm eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf]lgldQ u|fXo x'g]5}g .t/,-s_ lgjf{rg cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf]dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} cfo'Qm k|d'v cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf]kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ cfo'Qm ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .-v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug{ ] jf s'g}ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{ ] s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .!@(= lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M-!_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+ljwfg ;ef, wf/f !%& adf]lhd x'g] hgdt ;ª\u|xtyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgsf] ;~rfng, /]vb]v, lgb{ ]zg / lgoGq0f lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6x'g]5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu dtbftfx¿sf] gfdfjnL tof/ ug{ ] sfo{ lgjf{rg cfof]un] ug{ ]5 .-@_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:osf] nflu pDd]bjf/Lsf] dgf]gog btf{ eO;s]sf] t/ lgjf{rg k"/f gx' Fb} s'g}pDd]bjf/ wf/f ^% cg';f/ cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf] lg0f{o lgjf{rgcfof]un] ug] {5 .201

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(3) The Election Commission may delegate any of its functions, duties andpowers to the Chief Election Commissioner, a Commissioner or any employeeof the Government of Nepal to be exercised in compliance with the conditionsspecified.(4) Subject to this Constitution, other functions, duties and working proceduresof the Election Commission shall be as regulated by law.130. The Government of Nepal to provide necessary employees to theElection CommissionThe Government of Nepal shall provide necessary employees and other thingsas may be required to perform the functions of the Election Commission inaccordance with this Constitution.202

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-#_ lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|d'vlgjf{rg cfo'Qm, lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xLk|of]u tyf kfng ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .-$_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL lgjf{rg cfof]usf cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlwsfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .!#)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg{ ]Mo; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfˆgf] sfd k"/f ug{ cfjZos kg{ ] sd{rf/L / cGos'/fx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .203

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 15NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION131. National Human Rights Commission(1) There shall be a National Human Rights Commission in Nepal consisting ofthe following Chairperson and members(a) a person from among the retired Chief Justices or Judges of theSupreme Court who has made an outstanding contributionto the protection and promotion of human rights, or a personwho holds a high reputation and has rendered outstandingcontribution being actively involved in the field of protectionand promotion of human rights or social work.(b) four persons from among those who have made outstandingcontribution, by being actively involved in the field ofprotection and promotion of human rights or social work.- Chairperson- Members(2) While appointing the chairperson and members of the National HumanRights Commission, diversity, including gender diversity, must be maintained.(3) *The President shall, on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council,appoint the Chairperson and the Members of the National Human RightsCommission.(4) The term of the office of the Chairperson and the members of the NationalHuman Rights Commission shall be six years from the date of appointment.Provided that the Chairperson and the members of the National HumanRights Commission may be removed from his/her office on the same ground and inthe same manner as has been set out for removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court.(5) The office of the Chairperson and the members of the National HumanRights Commission shall be deemed vacant in the following circumstances(a) if he/she submits a written resignation **to the President,(b) if pursuant to clause (4) his/her term expires or he/she is removedfrom his/her office,(c) if he/she dies.204*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: to the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !%/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u!#!= /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uM-!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u x'g]5 h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿/xg]5g\M–-s_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Daw{gsf] If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfgk'¥ofPsf ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLzkbaf6 ;]jf lgj[Q JolQm jf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f /;Daw{g jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿ dWo]af6-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdflqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿dWo]af6 rf/hgf– cWoIf– ;b:o-@_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ubf{ dlxnf ;lxt ljljwtf sfodug' { kg{ ]5 .-#_ */fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf /;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug{ ]5 .-$_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf]x'g]5 .t/ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf]dflgg]5M–-s_ lghn] **/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf g/x]df,-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf205

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(6) No person shall be eligible to be appointed as the Chairperson or a member ofthe National Human Rights Commission unless he/she(a) holds a Bachelor's Degree from a university recognized by the Governmentof Nepal, and(b) is of high moral character.(7) The remuneration and other conditions of service of the Chairperson and themembers of the National Human Rights Commission shall be as determined bylaw. The remuneration and other conditions of service of the Chairperson and themembers of the National Human Rights Commission shall not, so long as theyhold office, be altered to their disadvantage.(8) A person who has been the Chairperson or a member of the National HumanRights Commission shall not be eligible for appointment in any othergovernment service.Provided that nothing in this clause shall be deemed to be a bar toappointment to any position of a political nature, or to any position which has theresponsibility of making investigations, inquiries or findings on any subject, or toany position which has the responsibility of submitting advice, opinions orrecommendations after carrying out studies or research on any subject.132. Functions, duties and powers of the National Human RightsCommission(1) It shall be the duty of the National Human Rights Commission to ensure therespect, protection and promotion of human rights and their effectiveimplementation.(2) In order to perform the duty pursuant to clause (1), the Commission maycarry out the following functions -(a) conduct inquiries into, investigations of, and recommendation for actionagainst the perpetrator of, instances of violation or abetment of violation ofthe human rights of any person or a group of persons, upon a petition orcomplaint presented to the Commission by the victim himself/herself orany person on his/her behalf or upon information received from any source,or on its own initiative,(b) forward a recommendation to the authority concerned to take departmentalaction against any authority that has the duty or responsibility to preventviolations of human rights, if it failed to perform such duty or responsibilityor showed recklessness or lack of interest in performing that duty,(c) make recommendation if necessary, to lodge a petition in the court, inaccordance with the law, against a person who has violated human rights,206

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-^_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} JolQm /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf]kbdf lgo'lQm x'g of]Uo x'g] 5}gM–-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf],-v_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .-&_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:o cfˆgf]kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg{ ] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .-*_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdflgo'Qm x'gsf] nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug{ ] jf To:tf]ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{ ] s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .!#@= /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M-!_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrtug' { /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt st{Jo k"/f ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] b]xfosfsfd ug{ ]5M–-s_ s'g} JolQm jf ;d"xsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g jf To;sf] b'?T;fxg ePsf]df kLl8tJolQm cfkm} + jf lghsf] tkm{af6 s;}n] cfof]u ;dIf k|:t't jf k| ]lift u/]sf] lgj]bg jfph'/L jf s'g} ;|f]taf6 cfof]unfO{ k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/L jf cfof]usf] cfˆg} :jljj]sdfTo;sf] 5fglag tyf cg';Gwfg u/L bf]ifL pk/ sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{ ],-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g x'gaf6 /f]Sg] lhDd]jf/L jf st{Jo ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf]lhDd]jf/L k"/f gu/]df jf st{Jo kfng gu/]df jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ jf st{Jo kfngfug{ pbfl;gtf b]vfPdf To:tf] kbflwsf/L pk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt clwsf/L;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{ ],-u_ dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ug{ ] JolQmsf lj?4 d'2f rnfpg' kg{ ] cfjZostf ePdf sfg"gadf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{ ],207

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(d) work jointly and in a coordinated manner with civil society to enhanceawareness of human rights,(e) forward a recommendation to the relevant authority for takingdepartmental action against or imposing punishment on the violatorsof human rights, giving clear reasons and basis therefor.(f) review existing laws relating to human rights on a periodic basis and torecommend to the Government of Nepal necessary reforms andamendment thereto,(g) recommend with reasons to the Government of Nepal that it become aparty to any international treaties and agreements on human rights, if itis desirable to do so, and to monitor the implementation of theinternational treaties and agreements on human rights to which Nepalis a party and if found not to be implemented, forward recommendationsto the Government of Nepal for effective implementation of suchagreements,(h) publicize the names of any official, person or bodies not following orimplementing the recommendations and directions of the NationalHuman Rights Commission regarding the violations of human rights inaccordance with law, and to record them as human right violators.(3) The National Human Rights Commission in performing its functions andduties may exercise the following powers -(a) exercise the same powers as the court in requiring any person to appearbefore the Commission for recording their statement and information orexamining them, receiving and examining evidence, and ordering theproduction of any physical proof,(b) in case the Commission has received the information from any source thata serious incident of violation of human rights has occurred or is likely tooccur, it may enter a person's residence or office, conduct a search and seizeany documents and evidence relating to human rights violations therein,(c) enter any government premises or other places, without prior notice, incase the Commission has received information that violation of humanrights of a person is occurring thereon and immediate action is required,to provide rescue,(d) order compensation for the victims of human rights violations inaccordance with law,(e) exercise or cause to be exercised other powers, and carry out its duties asprescribed by law.208

'g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{ ],-ª_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gstf{nfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL tyf ;hfo ug{ sf/0f / cfwf/v'nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug] {,-r_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cfjlws ¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ] tyfTo;df ug' { kg{ ] ;'wf/ tyf ;+zf]wgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{ ],-5_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] g]kfn kIf aGg' kg{ ] ePdfTo;sf] sf/0f;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ ] / kIf alg;s]sf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf]sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg u/L sfof{Gjog gePsf] kfOPdf ;f]sf] sfof{Gjogug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{ ],-h_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gsf ;DaGwdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] u/]sf] l;kmfl/;jf lgb{ ]zg kfngf jf sfof{Gjog gug{ ] kbflwsf/L, JolQm jf lgsfosf] gfd sfg"gadf]lhd ;fj{hlgs u/L dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gstf{sf] ¿kdf clen]v ug{ ] .-#_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ jf st{Jo kfngf ubf{ b]xfosf]clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5M–-s_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfof]u ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ hfgsf/L jf aofg lng] jf askq u/fpg],k|df0f a'‰g], bzL k|df0f bflvnf ug{ nufpg] ;DaGwdf cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/k|of]u ug{ ],-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNn+3g x'g nfu]sf] jf eO;s]sf] ;"rgf cfof]un] s'g} lsl;daf6k|fKt u/]df s'g} JolQm jf lghsf] cfjf; jf sfof{nodf ljgf ;"rgf k|j]z ug{ ], vfgtnf;Llng] tyf To;/L vfgtnf;L ln+bf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g;Fu ;DalGwt lnvt, k|df0fjf ;a'b sAhfdf lng],-u_ s'g} JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g eO/x]sf] s'/f hfgsf/L eO{ tTsfn sf/afxL ug{kg{ ] cfjZos b]lvPdf ljgf ;"rgf ;/sf/L sfof{no jf cGo 7fpFdf k|j]z ug{ ] / p4f/ug{ ],-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gaf6 kLl8t ePsf] JolQmnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ lbgcfb]z lbg],-ª_ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cGo clwsf/sf] k|of]u / st{Josf] kfngf ug{ ] jfu/fpg] .209

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article, the National HumanRights Commission shall have no jurisdiction with respect to any matter whichfalls within the jurisdiction of the Army Act.Provided that nothing shall be a bar to proceedings in respect to cases ofviolation of human rights and humanitarian laws.133. Annual report(1) The National Human Rights Commission shall submit *to the Presidentan annual report on the work it has performed in accordance with thisConstitution, and **the President through the Prime Minister shall makearrangements to submit such reports before the Legislature-Parliament.(2) In addition to other matters the annual report to be submitted pursuant toclause (1), shall contain the complaints received by the National Human RightsCommission throughout the year and description of inquiries and investigationsthereon, recommendations made to the Government of Nepal on various matters,number of cases lodged in the court, if any, against human rights violators andthe particulars of recommendations for improvement in the future regarding theprotection and promotion of human rights.*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: to the Prime Minister*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister210

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-$_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;}lgs P]gsf] If]qflwsf/sf] ljifodf/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ If]qflwsf/ x'g] 5}g .t/ dfgj clwsf/ jf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] pNn+3g ePsf] ljifodf sf/afxL rnfpg afwf kg]5}g .!##= jflif{s k|ltj]bgM-!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg*/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{ ]5 / */fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfk{mt\ To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug] { Joj:yf ug{ ]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/cfof]udf jif{el/ k/]sf ph'/L, To:tf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] 5fglag / cg';Gwfgsf] ljj/0f,g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg ljifodf u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] ljj/0f, dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ug{ ] JolQmlj?4 s'g} d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ;ª\Vof, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{gsf ;DaGwdfeljiodf ug' { kg{ ] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug' { kg{ ]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]211

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 16ATTORNEY GENERAL134. Appointment of the Attorney General(1) There shall be an Attorney General in Nepal who shall be appointed *bythe President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The AttorneyGeneral shall hold office during the pleasure of the Prime Minister.(2) No person shall be eligible to be appointed as Attorney General unlesshe/she is qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court.(3) The office of the Attorney General shall be deemed vacant under the followingcircumstances -(a) if he/she submits a resignation in writing **through the Prime Ministerto the President,(b) if ***the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister removeshim/her from the office.(c) if he/she dies.(4) The remuneration and other facilities of the Attorney General shall be at parwith that of a judge of the Supreme Court. The other conditions of service of theAttorney General shall be as determined by law.135. Functions, duties and powers of the Attorney General(1) The Attorney General shall be the Chief Legal Advisor to the Government ofNepal. It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to give opinions and adviceon constitutional and legal matters to the Government of Nepal and to suchother authorities as the Government of Nepal may specify.(2) The Attorney General or officers subordinate to him/her shall represent theGovernment of Nepal in suits in which the rights, interests or concerns of theGovernment of Nepal are involved. Unless this Constitution otherwise requires, theAttorney General shall have the right to make the final decision to initiate proceedingsin any case on behalf of the Government of Nepal in any court or judicial authority.212*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: by the Prime Minister**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: to the Prime Minister***Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !^dxfGofoflwjQmf!#$= dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQmM-!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfGofoflwjQmf /xg]5 h;sf] lgo'lQm *k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6x'g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmf k|wfgdGqLsf] OR5fg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .-@_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g ;Sg] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} klg JolQm dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kbdflgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg] 5}g .-#_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–-s_ lghn] **k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,-v_ ***k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 lghnfO{ kbd'Qm ul/Pdf,-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .-$_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/xx'g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .!#%= dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M-!_ dxfGofoflwjQmf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/ x'g]5 . ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gLljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo ;Nnfx lbg' lghsf]st{Jo x'g]5 .-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf] d'2fdf dxfGofoflwjQmf jf lghsf]dftxtsf clws[tx¿af6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/g]5 . o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPb]lvafx]s s'g} cbfnt jf Goflos clwsf/L ;dIf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg]eGg] s'/fsf] clGtd lg0f{o ug] { clwsf/ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ x'g]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLaf6**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqL ;dIf**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLaf6213

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(3) While discharging duties under clause (2), the Attorney General shall haveauthority as follows -(a) to appear on behalf of the Government of Nepal when the latter isbringing or defending litigation.(b) to monitor or cause to be monitored the interpretation of law andimplementation of the legal principles propounded by the SupremeCourt in the course of litigation.(c) on the basis of complaints or information received by him by any means,to investigate allegations of inhumane treatment of any person incustody, or that any such person was not allowed to meet his/herrelatives directly in person or through legal practitioners, and givenecessary directions under this Constitution to the relevant authoritiesto prevent the recurrence of such a situation.(4) In addition to the functions, duties and rights as set out in this Article, theother functions, duties and rights of the Attorney General shall be as determinedby this Constitution and other laws.(5) In the course of discharging his/her official duties, the Attorney Generalshall have the right to appear before any court, office or authority of Nepal.(6) The Attorney General may delegate his functions, duties and power underthis Article to his/her subordinates, to be exercised in compliance with theconditions specified.136. Annual report(1) The Attorney General shall, every year, prepare an annual report on the workshe/she has performed in accordance with this constitution and other laws, andsubmit it *to the President, and **the President through the Prime Minister shallmake arrangements to present the same to the Legislature-Parliament.(2) The report under clause (1) shall, in addition to other matters, cover the numberof instances of constitutional and legal advice given in the year by the AttorneyGeneral, a discussion of cases prosecuted by the government, a summary of casesinvolving the government as either plaintiff or defendant, a report of crimes, andrecommendations for future improvements in cases brought by the government.137. Power to appear in the Legislature-ParliamentThe Attorney General shall have the power to appear and express his/heropinion on any legal question in the Legislature-Parliament, the ConstituentAssembly or any committee meetings.Provided that he/she shall not have the right to vote.214*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: to the Prime Minister**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Prime Minister

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-#_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ubf{ b]xfosf sfd ug{ ]clwsf/ x'g]5M–-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf d'2f dfldnfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6k|lt/Iff ug] {,-v_ d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] sfg"gsf] JofVof jf k|ltkfbg u/]sf]sfg"gL l;4fGtsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg ug] { u/fpg],-u_ lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ gu/]sf] jfTo:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfkmGt;Fu jf sfg"g Joj;foL dfkm{t e]63f6 ug{ glbPsf] eGg] ph'/Lk/]df jf hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf 5fglag u/L To:tf] x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{cfjZos lgb{ ]zg lbg] .-$_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] cGo sfd,st{Jo / clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-%_ cfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfngf ubf{ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ g]kfnsf] h'g;'s} cbfnt, sfof{no /kbflwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt x'g] clwsf/ x'g]5 .-^_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] of] wf/f adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf/xL k|of]u / kfng ug] { u/L dftxtsf clws[tnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .!#^= jflif{s k|ltj]bgM-!_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] k|To]s jif{ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"g adf]lhd cfk"mn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf]sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L *k|wfgdGqL dfk{mt\ /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 /**/fi6«kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug] { Joj:yf ug] {5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfn] jif{el/df;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf lbPsf] /fo ;Nnfxsf] ;ª\Vof, ;/sf/jfbL eO{ rn]sf d'2f ;DaGwLljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf d'2f dfldnfdf k|lt/Iff u/]sf] ljj/0f,ck/fw ;DaGwL ljj/0f tyf ;/sf/jfbL eO{ rNg] d'2fdf eljiodf ul/g' kg{ ] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0fpNn]v ug' { kg{ ]5 .!#&= Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf pkl:yt x'g kfpg]MdxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;b, ;+ljwfg ;ef jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yteO{ s'g} sfg"gL k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf /fo JoQm ug{ ] clwsf/ x'g]5 .t/ dt lbg] clwsf/ eg] x'g] 5}g .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLaf6**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLn]215

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 17STRUCTURE OF STATE ANDLOCAL SELF GOVERNANCE138. Progressive restructuring of the State(1) To bring an end to discrimination based on class, caste, language, gender,culture, religion and region by eliminating the centralized and unitary form ofthe state, the state shall be made inclusive and restructured into a progressive,*democratic federal system.#(1A) Accepting the aspirations of indigenous ethnic groups and the people of thebackward and other regions, and the people of Madhes, for autonomous provinces,Nepal shall be a Federal Democratic Republic. The provinces shall be autonomouswith full rights. The Constituent Assembly shall determine the number, boundary,names and structures of the autonomous provinces and the distribution of powersand resources, while maintaining the sovereignty, unity and integrity of Nepal.(2) A High Level Commission shall be constituted to make recommendationsfor the restructuring of the State ## in accordance with clause (1) and (1A). Thecomposition, function, duty, power and terms of service of such Commissionshall be as determined by the Government of Nepal.(3) The final decision †relating to the structure of the state and federalsystem shall be made by the Constituent Assembly.139. Provision for local self governance(1) ### Election shall be done to set up local self governance bodies on the basisof principles of decentralization and devolution of power by creating acongenial atmosphere for the exercise of the people's sovereignty and therebyensuring maximum peoples' participation in the country's governance, toprovide services to the people at the local level and for the institutionaldevelopment of democracy.216* Amended on 2063 Chaitra 30 (April 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (First Amendment) Act, 2063, introducingthe word "federal".# Added on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065.## Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: Pursuant to clause (1)† Amended on 2063 Chaitra 30 (April 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (First Amendment) Act, 2063.### Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: Arragements shall be made

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !&/fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g!#*= /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{ +/rgfM-!_ juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]qLo e]befjsf] cGTo ug{ /fHosf]s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds 9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL, *nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL;lxtsf] cu|ufdL k'g;{ +/rgf ul/g]5 .#-!s_ dw]zL hgtf nufot cflbjf;L hghflt / lk5l8Psf tyf cGo If]qsfhgtfsf] :jfoQ k|b]zsf] rfxgfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L g]kfn ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds/fHo x'g]5 . g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf, Pstf / cv08tfnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} :jfoQk|b]zx?sf] ;Ldf, ;+Vof, gfd / ;+/rgfsf cltl/Qm s]Gb| / k|b]zsf ;"rLx?sf] k"0f{ljj/0f, ;fwg–;|f]t / clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .-@_ ## pkwf/f -!_ / -!s_ adf]lhdsf] /fHosf] k'g;+ {/rgf ug{sf] nflu ;'emfj lbg Ps pRr:t/Locfof]usf] u7g ul/g]5 . To:tf] cfof]usf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / ;]jfsf zt{ g]kfn;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .†-#_ /fHosf] k'g;{ +/rgf tyf ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] :j?k ;DaGwL ljifosf] clGtd 6'Ëf] ;+ljwfg;efn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .!#(= :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yfM-!_ :yfgLo :t/b]lv g} hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u ug{ ] cg's"n jftfj/0f agfO{ d'n'ssf]zf;g Joj:yfdf hgtfsf] a9LeGbf a9L ;xeflutf k|jw{g ug{ / hgtfnfO{ :yfgLo :t/df g};]jf pknAw u/fpg tyf nf]stGqsf] :yfgLo :t/b]lv g} ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f tyfclwsf/sf] lgIf]k0fsf cfwf/df :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL ### lgsfosf] lgjf{rg ul/g]5 .* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^# -@)^# r}t #) ut]_ åf/f yk#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f yk##g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd† g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^# -@)^# r}t #) ut]_ åf/f yk###g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M lgsfosf] u7g ul/g]5217

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS#(2) The Government of Nepal shall form district, municipal, andvillage level interim bodies with the participation and consensus ofpolitical parties active at the local level to operate until elections forthe local bodies are held.Explanation: For the purpose of this Clause “Political parties activeat the local level" means parties represented in the ConstituentAssembly and the political parties that fielded candidacy in theirrespective districts in the first-past-the post elections to the Assembly.(3) The organizational structure, forms and territorial boundaries as well asthe process of formation of the local self governance bodies shall be as providedfor in the law.140. Mobilization and management of revenue(1) In order to make the local bodies engaged in local self governance morecompetent by mobilising and allocating resources, and maintaining anequitable and judicious balance in the distribution of the fruits of development,and to make the local bodies accountable in recognising, formulating andimplementing local level projects, there shall be sharing of accountabilitiesand revenues between the Government of Nepal and local self governancebodies according to the provisions in the law.(2) While mobilizing and sharing revenues pursuant to clause (1) specialconsideration should be given to balanced and uniform development, and thetotal advancement of socially and economically backward classes andcommunities.218# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: (2) Interim local bodies shall be constituted at the District, Municipality and Village level by consensus among allconsenting parties to the agreement reached on the 22nd day of Kartik 2063 BS (November 7, 2006) between Nepali Congress,Nepal Communist Party (UML), § Jana Morcha Nepal, Nepal Sadhbhavana party (Anandidevi), Nepal Majdur Kishan partyand United Left Front along with the Nepal Communist Party (Maoist).§The words Nepali Congress (Democratic) were deleted on 2064 Paush 13 (28 December 2007) by the Interim Constitutionof Nepal (Third Amendment)

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt#-@_ :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg geP;Ddsf nflu :yfgLo txdf lqmofzLn /fhg}ltsbnx?sf] ;xdlt / ;xeflutfsf cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f lhNnf, gu/ / ufpF:t/df cGtl/d :yfgLo lgsfo u7g ul/g]5 .:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ:yfgLo txdf lqmofzLn /fhg}lts bnÆ eGgfn];+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ePsf / ;f] ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnLcGtu{t ;DalGwt lhNnfdf pDd]bjf/L lbPsf /fhg}lts bnnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .-#_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfosf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf, To;sf] :j¿k / k|fb]lzsOnfsf tyf u7g ljlw sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .!$)= /fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yfM-!_ :yfgLo ljsf;sf] nflu :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfonfO{ ;Ifd agfpg ;fwg / ;|f]tsf]kl/rfng, ljlgof]hg / ljsf;sf] k|ltkmnsf] ;Gt'lnt tyf Gofof]lrt ljt/0fdf ;dfgtf sfod/fvL :yfgLo :t/sf of]hgfsf] klxrfg, th' {df / sfof{Gjogdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g;DaGwL lgsfonfO{ g} hjfkmb]xL agfpg sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ / :yfgLo:jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfo aLr lhDd]jf/L / /fhZj kl/rfng tyf afF8kmfF8 x'g]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd /fhZj kl/rfng / afF8kmFf8 ubf{ d'n'ssf] ;Gt'lnt / ;dfg ljsf; x'g]u/L ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s b[li6sf]0faf6 lk5l8Psf ju{ tyf ;d'bfosf] ;du| pTyfgsf nfluljz]if Wofg lbg' kg{ ]5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M -@_ ;Djt\ @)^# ;fn sflt{s @@ut] /fhg}lts ;xdlt sfod ug] { g]kfnL sf+u| ];, g]skf -Pdfn]_, § hgdf]rf{ g]kfn, g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{/ ;+o'Qm jfd df]rf{ ;lxtsf /fhg}lts bnx¿ / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] ;xdltn] g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f lhNnf, gu/ / ufpF:t/df cGtl/d :yfgLolgsfo u7g ul/g]5 .§g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ eGg] zAb lemlsPsf]219

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 18POLITICAL PARTIES141. Prohibition on the imposition of restrictions on political parties(1) Persons who are committed to a common political ideology, philosophy andprogramme shall, subject to the laws made under proviso (3) of clause (3) ofArticle 12 of this Constitution, be entitled to form and operate political parties oftheir choice and to generate or cause to be generated publicity in order to securepublic support and cooperation from the general public for their ideology,philosophy and programmes, and to carry out any other activities for that purpose.Any law, arrangement or decision which restricts any such activities shall beconsidered inconsistent with this Constitution and shall ipso facto be void.(2) Any law, arrangement or decision which allows for participation orinvolvement of only a single political party or persons having a single politicalideology, philosophy or programme in the elections, political system of thecountry or conduct of state affairs shall be inconsistent with this Constitutionand shall ipso facto be void.(3) Political parties with objectives contrary to the spirit and norms of the preambleof this constitution shall not be considered qualified for party registration.142. Registration required for securing recognition for the purpose ofcontesting elections as a political party(1) Any political party wishing to secure recognition from the ElectionCommission for the purposes of elections shall be required to register its namewith the Election Commission in accordance with the procedure determinedby the Commission. Political parties that fail to register their names shall beremoved from the list of the Election Commission.(2) While applying for the registration pursuant to clause (1) above, a politicalparty shall, along with its constitution, manifesto and rules, clarify the followingdetails, in addition to other matters -(a) the name of the political party and address of its central office,(b) the names and addresses of the members of its Executive Committee orany such other similar committee,(c) the details and the sources of funds of the political party.220

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !*/fhg}lts bnx?!$!= /fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltjGw nufpg aGb]hM-!_ ;dfg /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/f, bz{g / sfo{qmddf k|ltj4 JolQmx¿n] wf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -#_sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z -#_ cGtu{t ag]sf] sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL cfˆgf] OR5fg';f/ /fhg}ltsbn vf]Ng, ;~rfng ug{ / ;f] sf] ljrf/wf/f, bz{g / sfo{qmdk|lt hg;fwf/0fsf] ;dy{g /;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu To;sf] k|rf/ / k|;f/ ug{, u/fpg jf ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu cGo s'g} sfdug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf] s'g} sfo{df s'g} k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L agfOPsf] sfg"g jf ul/Psf] s'g}Joj:yf jf lg0f{o of] ;+ljwfgsf] k|lts"n dflgg] / :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .-@_ s'g} Pp6} /fhg}lts bn jf Ps} lsl;dsf] /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/f, bz{g jf sfo{qmd ePsfJolQmx¿n] dfq lgjf{rg, b]zsf] /fhg}lts k|0ffnL jf /fHo Joj:yf ;~rfngdf efu lng kfpg]jf ;lDdlnt x'g kfpg] u/L agfPsf] sfg"g, ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yf jf lg0f{o o; ;+ljwfg k|lts"n/ :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .-#_ of] ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfsf] d"n efjgf / dd{ k|lts"n p2]Zo /fv]sf kf6L{x¿ bn btf{sf] lglDtof]Uo dflgg] 5}gg\ .!$@= /fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg' kg{ ]M-!_ lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 dfGotf k|fKt ug{ rfxg] k|To]s /fhg}ltsbnn] lgjf{rg cfof]uåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L lgjf{rg cfof]udf btf{ u/fpg'kg{ ]5 . o; cg';f/ btf{ gug] { /fhg}lts bnx¿sf] gfd lgjf{rg cfof]usf] ;"rLaf6 x6fOg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg ubf{ k|:tfj btf{ ug{ ul/Psf] /fhg}lts bnsf]ljwfg, 3f]if0ffkq / lgodfjnL k]z u/L cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf] ljj/0f v'nfpg' kg{ ]5M–-s_ /fhg}lts bnsf] gfd / To;sf] k|wfg sfof{no /xg] 7]ufgf,-v_ /fhg}lts bnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldlt jf ;f] ;/xsf] ;ldltsf ;b:o tyf cGo kbflwsf/Lsf]gfd / 7]ufgf,-u_ /fhg}lts bnsf] cfo;|f]tsf] sf]if / ;f] h'6fpg] ;|f]tsf] ljj/0f .221

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(3) Political parties shall fulfil the following conditions while filing anapplication pursuant to clause (1) -(a) the constitution and the rules of the political party must be democratic,(b) the constitution or the rules of the political party must provide forelection of office bearers of the party at all levels at least once in everyfive years,(c) there should be a provision for the inclusion of members from neglectedand oppressed groups including women and Dalits in the executivecommittees at various levels,(d) there should be effective provision in the constitution of a party todiscipline its members.(4) The Election Commission shall not register any political party if any Nepalicitizen is discriminated against in becoming a member of the political party onthe basis of religion, caste, tribe, language or gender or if the name, objectives,symbol or flag of such political party is of a character that may disturb thecountry's religious or communal unity or is divisive in character, or if theconstitution or rules of such party have the objective of protecting and promotinga partyless or single party system of government.(5) For the purpose of the registration of a party for election, an applicationwith the support and signature of at least ten thousand voters shall benecessary.Provided that in the case of the parties represented in the InterimLegislature-Parliament, this provision shall not be applicable.(6) The establishment, registration, recognition and other matters, except thosestated in this Part, shall be as provided for in the law.222

]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf s'g} klg /fhg}lts bnn] b]xfosf zt{x¿ k"/fu/]sf] x'g' kg{ ]5M–-s_ /fhg}lts bnsf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL nf]stflGqs x'g' k5{,-v_ /fhg}lts bnsf] ljwfg jf lgodfjnLdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{df Ps k6s ;f] bnsf k|To]stxsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgjf{rg x'g] Joj:yf x'g' k5{,-u_ ljleGg :t/sf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltdf dlxnf, blnt nufot pk]lIft / pTkLl8t If]qsf;b:ox¿ ;d]t /xg] ;dfj]zL Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' k5{,-3_ bnsf] ljwfgdf bnsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ cg'zfl;t t'Nofpg] k|efjsf/L Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ .-$_ s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ s]jn wd{, hft, hflt, efiff jf lnËsf] cfwf/dfg]kfnL gful/spk/ e]befjk"0f{ aGb]h nufOPsf] jf s'g} /fhg}lts ;+u7g jf bnsf] gfd, p2]Zo,lrGx jf em08f d'n'ssf] wfld{s jf ;fDk|bflos PstfnfO{ vnn kfg{ ] jf d'n'snfO{ ljvl08t ug{k|s[ltsf] jf To:tf] bnsf] ljwfg jf lgodfjnLdf lgb{nLo jf PsbnLo Joj:yfsf] ;Daw{g /;+/If0f ug] { p2]Zo /x]5 eg] lgjf{rg cfof]un] To:tf] ;+u7g jf bnnfO{ btf{ ug{ ] 5}g .-%_ lgjf{rgsf] lglDt bn btf{ ug] { k|of]hgsf] nflu sDtLdf b; xhf/ dtbftfx¿sf] ;dy{g;lxtsf] x:tfIf/o'Qm lgj]bg cfjZos kg] {5 .t/ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug] { bnx¿sf] xsdf of] k|fjwfg nfu" x'g] 5}g .-^_ o; efudf n]lvPb]lv afx]s /fhg}lts bnsf] :yfkgf, btf{, dfGotf tyf cGo s'/fx¿sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .223

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 19EMERGENCY POWERS143. Emergency Powers(1) If a grave emergency arises in regard to the sovereignty or integrity of Nepalor the security of any part thereof, whether by war, external aggression, armedrebellion or extreme economic disarray, *the President on the recommendationof the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal may, by Proclamationor Order, declare a State of Emergency to be enforced in Nepal or any specifiedpart thereof.(2) The Proclamation or the Order issued pursuant to clause (1) shall be laidbefore the meeting of the Legislature-Parliament for approval within a monthfrom the date of its issuance.(3) If a Proclamation or Order laid for approval pursuant to clause (2) is approvedby a two-thirds majority of the Legislature-Parliament present at the meetingsuch Proclamation or Order shall continue in force for a period of three monthsfrom the date it was made.(4) If the Proclamation or the Order laid before a meeting of the Legislature-Parliament pursuant to clause (2) is not approved pursuant to clause (3), suchProclamation or the Order shall, ipso facto, cease to operate.(5) Before the expiration of the period referred to in clause (3), if a meeting of theLegislature-Parliament, by a majority of two-thirds of the members present, passesa resolution to the effect that circumstances referred to in clause (1) continue toexist, it may extend the period of the Proclamation or Order of State of Emergencyfor another one period, not exceeding three months as specified in such resolution.(6) After a State of Emergency has been declared pursuant to clause (1), **thePresident on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Governmentof Nepal may issue such orders as are necessary to meet the exigencies. Ordersso issued shall be operative with the same force and effect as law so long as theState of Emergency is in operation.224*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Council of Ministers**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: the Council of Ministers

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu !(;+s6sfnLg clwsf/!$#= ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/M-!_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf s'g} efusf] ;'/Iffdf o'4, afXo cfqmd0f, ;z:qljb|f]x jf r/d cfly{s lj>[ª\vntfsf] sf/0fn] uDeL/ ;Í6 pTkGg ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/,*dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] g]kfn /fHoe/ jf s'g} vf; If]qdf nfu" x'g] u/L;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ jf cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ;f] cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgfleqcg'df]bgsf] nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf k]z ul/g]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd cg'df]bgsf] nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] b'O{–ltxfO ax'dtn] cg'df]bg u/]df 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePsf] ldltn]tLg dlxgf;Dd nfu" /xg]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf cg'df]bgsf] nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0ff jfcfb]z pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd cg'df]bg gePdf ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z :jtM lgliqmo ePsf]dflgg]5 .-%_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] cj:yf cem} ljBdfg 5 egL pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb e'Qmfg gx' Fb}Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] b'O{–ltxfO ax'dtn] k|:tfjåf/f lg0f{o u/Lcsf{ ] Ps k6s tLg dlxgfdf ga9fO{ ;f] k|:tfjdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwsf] nflu ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf]3f]if0ff jf cfb]zsf] Dofb a9fpg ;Sg]5 .-^_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePkl5 To:tf] cj:yfsf]lgjf/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/, **dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] cfjZos cfb]z hf/Lug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L hf/L ePsf] cfb]z ;Í6sfnLg cj:yf axfn /x];Dd sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'g]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM dlGqkl/ifb\n]**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM dlGqkl/ifb\n]225

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(7) During the time of the Proclamation or Order of the State of Emergencymade *by the President, pursuant to clause (1), the fundamental rights providedin Part 3 may be suspended so long as the Proclamation or Order is in operation.Provided that clauses (1), (2) of article 12 and sub-clauses (c) and (d) ofclause (3), Article 13 and 14, clause (2) and (3) of Article 15, Article 16, 17, 18,20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29, 30 and 31 and the right to constitutional remedyrelated to Article 32 and the right to Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended.(8) In circumstances where any Article of this Constitution is suspendedpursuant to clause (7) above, no petition may be made in any court of law, norany question be raised for the enforcement of the fundamental rights conferredby such Article.(9) If, during the continuance of a Proclamation or Order pursuant to clause(1), any damage is inflicted upon any person by an act of any official done incontravention of law or in bad faith, the affected person may, within threemonths from the date of termination of the Proclamation or Order, file a petitionfor compensation for the said damage, and if the court finds the claim valid, itshall cause the compensation to be paid.(10) **The President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers may, atany time during its continuance, revoke the Proclamation or Order relating tothe State of Emergency pursuant to clause (1).*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: by the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.Originally read: the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal226

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-&_ */fi6«kltaf6 pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ul/+bf ;f]3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x];Ddsf] nflu efu # df Joj:yf ePsf df}lns xs lgnDag ug{;lsg]5 .t/ wf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -!_, -@_, / pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_, wf/f !# / !$, wf/f!% sf] pkwf/f -@_, / -#_, wf/f !^, !&, !*, @), @!, @@, @#, @$, @^, @(, #) / #! tyfTo:tf wf/f;Fu ;DalGwt wf/f #@ adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs / aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf]pkrf/ k|fKt ug{ ] xs lgnDag ul/g] 5}g .-*_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd o; ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/f lgnDag ul/Psf]df ;f] wf/fn] k|bfg u/]sf]df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu s'g} cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg jf To; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zgp7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .-(_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x]sf] cj:yfdf s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] sfg"gljk/Lt jf ablgot;fy s'g} sfd u/]af6 s;}nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] Iflt ePsf] /x]5 eg] lghn] ;f]3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq cfk"mnfO{ k/]sf] Iflt jfkt Ifltk"lt{sf]bfaL ug{ ;Sg]5 / bfjL dgfl;j 7x/fPdf cbfntn] plrt Ifltk"lt{ e/fOlbg ;Sg]5 .-!)_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z **dlGqkl/ifb\sf]l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x];Dd h'g;'s} avt klg lkmtf{ lng;lsg]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\af6**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\af6227

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 20PROVISIONS REGARDING THE ARMY144. Formation of the Nepal Army(1) There shall be an institution of the Nepal Army in Nepal.*(1A) The president shall be the Supreme Commander of the Nepal Army.(2) **The President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers shallappoint the Commander-in-Chief of the Nepal Army.(3) ***The President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers shallcontrol, mobilize and manage the Nepal Army in accordance with the law.The Council of Ministers shall, with the consent of the political parties and byseeking the advice of the concerned committee of the Legislature-Parliament,formulate an extensive work plan for the democratization of the Nepal Armyand implement it.(4) In the case of formulating and implementing the action plan pursuant toclause (3), determination of the appropriate number of the Nepal Army, itsdemocratic structure and national and inclusive character shall be developed,and training shall be imparted to the army in accordance with the norms andvalues of democracy and human rights.#(4A) In order to give the Nepal Army a national character and make it inclusive,enlisting of Madhesi, indigenous ethnic groups, Dalits, women, and people frombackward regions into the armed forces on the basis of the principles of equalityand inclusiveness shall be ensured by law.(5) Other matters pertaining to the Nepal Army shall be as provided for in the law.228*Added on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Council of Ministers***Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Council of Ministers# Added on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu @);]gf ;DaGwL Joj:yf!$$= g]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7gM-!_ g]kfndf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps ;+u7g /xg]5 .*-!s=_ /fi6«klt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;jf] {Rr k/dflwklt x'g]5 .-@_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] lgo'lQm **dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] ug] {5 .-#_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg sfg"g adf]lhd ***dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df/fi6«kltn] ug] {5 . dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fhg}lts ;xdlt / Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;DalGwt ;ldltsf];'emfj lnO{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0fsf] lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf th' {df u/L sfof{Gjog ug] {5 .-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd sfo{of]hgf th' {df u/L sfof{Gjog ubf{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] pko'Qm ;ª\Vof,nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf / /fli6«o / ;dfj]zL rl/q lgdf{0f u/L nf]stGq / dfgj clwsf/sf] d"Noåf/f;]gfnfO{ k|lzlIft ug] { sfd ul/g]5 .# -$s_ g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o :j?k k|bfg ug{ / ;dfj]zL agfpg dw]zL, cflbjf;Lhghflt, blnt, dlxnf, lk5l8Psf If]q nufotsf hgtfsf] k|j]z ;dfgtf /;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df sfg'gdf Joj:yf u/L ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .-%_ g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f yk**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM dlGqkl/ifb\n]***g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM dlGqkl/ifb\n] ug]{5#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f yk229

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS145. National Defence Council(1) There shall be a National Defence Council in order to recommendations tothe Council of Ministers on mobilization, operation and use of the NepalArmy consisting of the following Chairperson and members:-(a) Prime Minister- Chairperson(b) Defence Minister- Member(c) Home Minister- Member#(d) Three ministers designated by thePrime Minister representing three different politicalparties from among the parties in the Council ofMinisters - MemberProvided that if there are fewer than three political parties represented inthe Council of Ministers, designation of representatives from fewer than threeparties shall not be barred.(2) In case the Prime Minister and the Defence Minister are the same person,the senior-most member of the Council of Ministers shall be a member of theNational Defence Council.(3) If the National Defence Council considers it necessary, it may invite otherpersons to the meeting of the Council.(4) The Secretary of the Ministry of Defence shall work as the Secretary of theNational Defence Council, and, in his/her absence, the officer designated bythe Prime Minister shall carry out such work.(5) Except in the case of mobilization of the Nepal Army because of naturalcalamities, the decision made by the Council of Ministers of the Government ofNepal for the mobilization of the army shall be presented to a special committeeprescribed by the Legislature-Parliament within a month of the decision, andbe approved accordingly.(6) The National Defence Council may regulate its own working procedures.# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: (d) Three ministers designated by the Prime Minister - Members230

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!$%= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\M-!_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng, ;~rfng / k|of]u ug{sf] nflu dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ /xg]5 h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ M–-s_ k|wfgdGqL– cWoIf-v_ /Iff dGqL– ;b:o-u_ u[x dGqL– ;b:o#-3_ dlGqkl/ifb\df /x]sf /fhg}lts bnx?dWo]af6km/s–km/s bnsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L k|wfgdGqLn]tf]s]sf tLghgf dGqL–;b:ot/ dlGqkl/ifb\df tLgeGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] cj:yfdf;f]eGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/L tf]Sg afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .-@_ k|wfgdGqL / /Iff dGqL Ps} JolQm /x]sf] cj:yfdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] jl/i7td ;b:o /fli6«o;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;b:o x'g]5 .-#_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\n] cfˆgf] a}7sdf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo JolQmnfO{ a}7sdf cfdGq0fug{ ;Sg]5 .-$_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;lrjsf] sfd /Iff dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] ug{ ]5 / lghsf] cg'kl:yltdfk|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf] clws[tn] ug{ ]5 .-%_ k|fs[lts ljkt k/]sf] sf/0fn] g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng ePsf]df afx]s ;]gf kl/rfng ;DaGwLg]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ePsf] lg0f{o Ps dlxgfleq Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] tf]s]sf] ljz]if;ldltdf k|:t't eO{ cg'df]bg x'g' kg] {5 .-^_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\n] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} + Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt M klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yf M -3_ k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf tLghgfdGqL – ;b:o231

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS146. Transitional provision for the combatants# The Council of Ministers shall form a Special Committee representing the majorpolitical parties in the Constituent Assembly to supervise, integrate and rehabilitatethe combatants of the Maoist Army, and the functions, duties and powers of thecommittee shall be as determined by the Council of Ministers.147. Management and monitoringOther arrangements regarding the management and monitoring of the armsand the army shall be carried out in accordance with the ‘ComprehensivePeace Accords' [Bishtrit Shanti Samjhauta] concluded between the Governmentof Nepal and CPN-Maoist on 5 Mangsir 2063 (November 21, 2006) and‘Agreement on the Monitoring of the Management of Arms and Armies' reachedon 22 Mangsir 2063 (December 8, 2006).# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Council of Minister shall form a special committee232

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!$^= n8fs'x¿sf] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yfMdfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgfsf lglDt # ;+ljwfg ;efdfk|ltlglwTj u/]sf /fhg}lts bnx?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L dlGqkl/ifb\n] ljz]if;ldlt agfpg] 5 / To:tf] ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dlGqkl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdx'g]5 .!$&= Joj:yfkg / cg'udgM;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg / cg'udg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_aLr ;DkGg @)^# ;fn dª\l;/ % ut]sf] …lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfÚ / @)^# ;fn dª\l;/ @@ut]sf] …;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfÚ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM dlGqkl/ifb\n] ljz]if ;ldlt233

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 21AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION148. Amendment of the Constitution(1) A Bill regarding amendment or repeal of any Article of the Constitutionmay be presented in the Legislature-Parliament(2) The Bill shall be deemed passed if the Bill so presented at the Legislature-Parliament is approved by at least two-thirds majority of the total existingmembers.234

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu @!;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg!$*= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgM-!_ ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/fnfO{ ;+zf]wg jf vf/]h ug] { ljw]os Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf k|:t't ug{;lsg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox¿sf] ax'dtaf6 :jLs[t ePdf ljw]os kfl/t ePsf]dflgg]5 .235

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 22MISCELLANEOUS149. Constitutional Council(1) There shall be a Constitutional Council for making recommendations inaccordance with this Constitution for appointment of officials to ConstitutionalBodies, which shall consist of the Chairperson and members as follows(a) Prime Minister - Chairperson(b) Chief Justice - Member(c) Speaker of the Legislature-Parliament - Member#(d) Three ministers designated by the Prime Ministerrepresenting three different political parties inthe Council of Ministers- MemberProvided that if there are fewer than three political parties represented in theCouncil of Ministers the designation of the representation of less than threeparties shall not be barred.##(e) Leader of the opposition party in the Legislature- Parliament - Member(2) When the position of the Chief Justice falls vacant and a recommendationhas to be made for the same, the Minister for Justice shall be present in theConstitutional Council as a member.(3) The procedures regarding the appointment of the officials of theConstitutional Bodies, and the functions, duties, powers and workingprocedures of the Constitutional Council shall be as determined by the law.(4) The Chief Secretary of the Government of Nepal shall work as the Secretaryof the Constitutional Council.150. Nepali ambassadors and emissaries*The President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministersmay appoint ambassadors of Nepal and other emissaries for specifiedpurposes.236# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act,, 2065. Originallyread: Three Ministers designated by the Prim Mimister - Members## Added on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment), 2065.*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment), 2065. Originally read:the Council of Ministers

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu @@ljljw!$(= ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\M-!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/; ug{ Pp6f;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ x'g]5 h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ M–-s_ k|wfgdGqL – cWoIf-v_ k|wfg GofofwLz – ;b:o-u_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'v – ;b:o#-3_ dlGqkl/ifb\df /x]sf /fhg}lts bnx?dWo] km/s–km/sbnsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf tLghgf dGqL – ;b:ot/ dlGqkl/ifb\df tLgeGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] cj:yfdf;f]eGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/L tf]Sg afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .##-ª_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf ljkIfL bnsf g]tf – ;b:o-@_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/; ubf{;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\df Gofo dGqL ;b:osf] ¿kdf /xg]5 .-#_ ;+j}wflgs cËsf kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] cGo sfd,st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrjn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] ;lrj eO{ sfd ug{ ]5 .!%)= g]kfnL /fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglwM*dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] g]kfnL /fhb"t / s'g} vf; k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]ifk|ltlglw lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM -3_ k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf]tLghgf dGqL – ;b:o##g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f yk*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM dlGqkl/ifb\n]237

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS151. Pardon*The President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers may grantpardons [to persons convicted], and suspend, commute or reduce any sentenceimposed by any court, special court, military court or by any other judicial orquasi-judicial, or administrative authority or institution.152. Titles, honours, and decorations(1) Titles, honours or decorations to be conferred on behalf of the State shall beconferred by **the President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers.(2) No citizen of Nepal shall, without the approval of the Government of Nepal,accept any title, honour or decoration from the government of any foreigncountry.153. Constitution of the Government ServiceThe Government of Nepal may, in order to run the administration of the country,constitute the Civil Service and other government services as required. Theconstitution, operation, and terms and conditions for such services shall be asdetermined by an Act.154. Formation of CommissionsThe Government of Nepal may form necessary commissions to safeguard andpromote the rights and interests of different sectors of the country includingwomen, Dalits, indigenous ethnic groups[Adivasi Janajati], Madhesi, disabled,labourers or farmers. The provisions for the formation, functions, duties andpowers of such commissions shall be as determined by the law.154A Constituency Delimitation Commission(1) For the purpose of electing members to the Constituent Assembly, theGovernment of Nepal may form a Constituency Delimitation Commission,with the following Chairperson and members(a) A retired Judge of the Supreme Court- Chairperson(b) A geographer- Member(c) A sociologist or demographer- Member(d) An administrator or management expert - Member(e) A special class gazetted officer of theGovernment of Nepal- Member Secretary238*Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: the Council of Ministers**Amended on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28 ,2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: by the Prime MinisterAdded on 2063 Chaitra 30 (April 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (First Amendment) Act, 2063.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!%!= dfkmLM*dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] h'g;'s} cbfnt, ljz]if cbfnt, ;}lgs cbfnt jf cGos'g} Goflos, cw{ Goflos jf k|zf;sLo kbflwsf/L jf lgsfon] u/]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL, d'ntjL,kl/jt{g jf sd ug{ ;Sg]5 .!%@ pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0fM-!_ **dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 /fHosf tkm{af6 lbOg] pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0fx¿k|bfg x'g]5g\ .-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L g]kfnsf] s'g} gful/sn] s'g} ljb]zL d'n'ssf] ;/sf/af6k|bfg ul/g] pkflw, ;Ddfg jf lje"if0f u|x0f ug{ x' Fb}g .!%#= ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7gMg]kfn ;/sf/n] d'n'ssf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{ lghfdtL ;]jf / cfjZos cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfx¿sf]u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf ;]jfx¿sf] u7g, ;~rfng / ;]jfsf zt{x¿ P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/Padf]lhd x'g]5g\ .!%$= cfof]usf] u7gMg]kfn ;/sf/n] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, ckfË, dhb'/ jf ls;fg nufotljljw If]qsf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug{ cfjZos cfof]ux¿ u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tfcfof]ux¿sf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdx'g]5 .!%$s= lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]uM-!_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ug] { k|of]hgsf] nflu lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]Ps lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u u7g ug{ ;Sg]5, h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿/xg]5g\ M-s_ ;jf] {Rr cbfntaf6 ;]gflgj[Q GofofwLz– cWoIf-v_ e"uf]nljb\– ;b:o-u_ ;dfhzf:qL jf hg;ª\Vofljb\ – ;b:o-3_ k|zf;gljb\ jf Joj:yfkgljb\– ;b:o-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf /x]sf] /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[t –;b:o ;lrj*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM dlGqkl/ifb\n]**g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM k|wfgdGqLaf6g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^# -@)^# r}t #) ut]_ åf/f yk239

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(2) The appointment of the Chairperson and members of the ConstituencyDelimitation Commission shall be done by the Government of Nepal.(3) The term of office of the Constituency Delimitation Commission shall beas determined by the Government of Nepal at the time of the formation ofthe Commission, and the term may be extended, if required, by theGovernment of Nepal.(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in Clause (1), no individual shall bedeemed eligible to be appointed to the position of Chairperson or memberof the Constituency Delimitation Commission unless he/she.(a) holds at least a Master's Degree in a relevant subject from a universityrecognized by the Government of Nepal,(b) is at least forty-five years of age, and(c) is of high moral character.(5) The position of the Chairperson or member of the ConstituencyDelimitation Commission shall be deemed vacant if -(a) he or she submits a resignation in writing to the Prime Minister,(b) he or she dies.(6) The Constituency Delimitation Commission, while delimiting theconstituencies, shall determine the number of members to be elected on thebasis of the population of each district in accordance with Clauses (3) and(3a) of Article 63, maintaining as far as practicable proportionality betweenthe number of members and the population of the districts, and fix thenumber of constituencies for election of members of the ConstituentAssembly accordingly.(7) While delimiting the electoral constituencies pursuant to Clause (6), on thebasis of equality of population, geographical convenience and specialcharacteristics, attention shall be paid to the boundary of each administrativedistrict, geographical conditions, population density, transportation facilities, andthe communal and cultural characteristics of the people living in such districts.(8) Notwithstanding anything in Clause (7) the number of electoralconstituencies in each administrative district shall not be fixed below thenumber of constituencies that existed at the time of the commencement ofthis Constitution.240

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-@_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] lgo'lQm g]kfn ;/sf/n]ug]{5 .-#_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] sfof{jlw ;f] cfof]u u7g ubf{sf avt g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf] sfof{jlw cfjZostfg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n gx'g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} klgJolQm lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uo x'g] 5}g M–-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]kflwxfl;n u/]sf],-v_ sDtLdf k} +tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],-u_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf]dflgg]5 M–-s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf ,-v_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .-^_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ wf/f ^# sf]pkwf/f -#_ / -#s_ sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf lhNnfx¿sf] hg;ª\Vof / ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o;ª\VofaLrsf] cg'kft oyf;Dej ;dfg x'g] u/L k|To]s lhNnfsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df ;f]lhNnfaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] To:tf] ;b:o ;ª\Vof lgwf{/0f ug] {5 / ;f] ;ª\Vof a/fa/ ;+ljwfg ;efsf];b:osf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ug] {5 .-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;dfg hg;ª\Vof / ef}uf]lns cg's'ntf tyfljlzi6tfsf] cfwf/df k|To]s k|zf;sLo lhNnfsf] l;dfgf, ef}uf]lns cj:yf, hg;ª\Vofsf] 3gTjoftfoftsf] ;'ljwf / To:tf] lhNnfdf a;f]jf; ug] { afl;Gbfx¿sf] ;fd'bflos tyf ;f+:s[ltskIfnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg' kg] {5 .-*_ pkwf/f -&_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf] avtlgjf{rg lhNnfdf sfod /x]sf lgjf{rg If]qeGbf sd x'g] u/L lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0fug{ ;lsg] 5}g .241

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(9) No question shall be raised in any law court regarding the constituenciesdetermined, *or reviewed pursuant to Clause (10c), by the ConstituencyDelimitation Commission.(10) The Constituency Delimitation Commission shall submit its report tothe Prime Minister about the work carried out by it.†(10A) The Prime Minister shall submit the report received pursuant to clause(10) to the Council of Ministers, and the Council of Ministers shall send thereport to the Election Commission and other bodies concerned forimplementation.(10B) Notwithstanding anything in Clause (10A), if the Council of Ministersdeems it necessary that a report submitted to the Prime Minister pursuant toClause (10) be reviewed because of technical errors in a particular district,the Council of Ministers may, in such a special situation, set a deadline andrequest the Chairperson and member of the Commission formed pursuantto Clause (1) to review the report once.(10C) If the Council of Ministers makes a request under Clause (10B), theChairperson and member of such a Commission shall review the matterrequested by the Council of Ministers within the deadline specified andsubmit a report to the Prime Minister.(10D) A report received pursuant to Clause (10C) shall be implementedpursuant to Clause (10A)(10E) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Clause whilecarrying out a review pursuant to Clause (10C), the Constituency DelimitationCommission will be deemed to be in existence for the entire period underClause (10B).(11) The Constituency Delimitation Commission shall determine its ownprocedures.242* Added on 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment) Act, 2064.†Added on 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment) Act, 2064.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-(_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]uåf/f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] *jf pkwf/f -!)u_ adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] ljifodf s'g} cbfntdf s'g} k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg]5}g .-!)_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfk"mn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL ;dIfa'emfpg]5 .† -!)s_ k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -!)_ adf]lhd k|fKt k|ltj]bg dlGqkl/ifb\;dIf/fVg]5 / dlGqkl/ifb\n] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf nflu lgjf{rg cfof]u tyf ;Dj4lgsfodf k7fpg]5 .-!)v_ pkwf/f -!)s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -!)_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL;dIfa'emfPsf] k|ltj]bgdf k|fljlws ?kdf gldn]sf] b]lvPsf] lhNnfsf] xsdf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g cfjZosePsf] dlGqkl/ifb\n] 7fg]df pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul7t cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ lglZrt;do tf]sL dlGqkl/ifb\n] To:tf] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf ;f] k|ltj]bg Psk6ssf nflu k'g/fjnf]sgug{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .-!)u_ pkwf/f -!)v_ adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\n] cg'/f]w u/]df To:tf] cfof]usf] cWoIf cWoIf /;b:on] ;f]xL cjlwleq dlGqkl/ifb\n] cg'/f]w u/]sf] ljifodf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bgk|wfgdGqL;dIf k]; ug' {kg] {5 .-!)3_ pkwf/f -!)u_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf]df To:tf] k|ltj]bgpk/ pkwf/f -!)s_adf]lhdsf] sf/jfO{ ug' {kg] {5 .-!)ª_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -!)u_ adf]lhdk'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu pkwf/f -!)v_ sf] cjlwe/sf nflu lgjf{rgIf]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u sfod /x]sf] dflgg]5 .-!!_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlw cfkm+} lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ h]7 #) ut]_ åf/f yk† g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ h]7 #) ut]_ åf/f yk243

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(12) The remuneration and other benefits of the Chairperson and members ofthe Constituency Delimitation Commission shall be similar to those of ChiefElection Commissioner and Election Commissioner, respectively.(13) The Government of Nepal shall provide the required number of staff for theConstituency Delimitation Commission.155. Hearing for the officials of constitutional bodies and provisionsregarding citizenship(1) Prior to appointment to constitutional posts on the recommendation of theConstitutional Council according to this Constitution, and to * the appointmentof the Judges of the Supreme Court and ambassadors, there shall be aparliamentary hearing in accordance with the provisions of the law.(2) In order to be eligible for appointment to constitutional positions under thisConstitution, a person must be a citizen of Nepal by descent or birth or bynaturalization and have lived in Nepal for at least ten years.156. Ratification of, accession to, acceptance of or approval of treatiesor agreements(1) The ratification of, accession to, acceptance of or approval of treaties oragreements to which the State of Nepal or the Government of Nepal is to becomea party shall be as determined by the law.(2) The laws to be made pursuant to clause (1) shall, inter alia, require that theratification of, accession to, acceptance of or approval of treaty or agreementson the following subjects be done by a two-thirds majority of the total numberof members of the Legislature-Parliament existing:-(a) peace and friendship;(b) security and strategic alliance;(c) the boundaries of Nepal; and(d) natural resources and the distribution of their uses.Provided that if any treaty or agreement referred in the sub-clauses (a)and (d), is of ordinary nature which does not affect the nation extensively,seriously or in the long-term, the ratification of, accession to, acceptance of orapproval of such treaty or agreement may be done at a meeting of theLegislature-Parliament by a simple majority of the members present.244* Amended on 2064 Jestha 30 (June 13, 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Second Amendment) Act, 2064,to include reference to appointments of judges and ambassadors.

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-!@_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwfqmdzM lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qm ;/x x'g]5 .-!#_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]unfO{ cfjZos kg] { sd{rf/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .!%%= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;'g'jfO / gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM-!_ *o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm x'g] ;+j}wflgs kb tyf ;jf] {Rrcbfntsf GofofwLz / /fhb"tsf] lgo'lQm k"j{ lghx¿sf] sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;+;bLo;'g'jfO x'g]5 .-@_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g] ;+j}wflgs kbx¿df j+zh jf hGdsf gftfn] g]kfnsf]gful/s ePsf] JolQm jf cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt u/L sDtLdf b; jif{ g]kfndf a;f]jf; u/]sf]JolQm dfq lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .!%^= ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{gM-!_ g]kfn /fHo jf g]kfn ;/sf/ kIf x'g] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf;dy{g sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd sfg"g agfpFbf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf ljifosf ;lGw jf;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] ug' { kg{ ] zt{ /flvg]5M–-s_ zflGt / d}qL,-v_ ;'/Iff Pj+ ;fdl/s ;DaGw,-u_ g]kfn /fHosf] l;dfgf, /-3_ k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf] pkof]usf] afF8kmfF8 .t/ v08 -s_ / -3_ df plNnlvt ljifosf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf dWo] /fi6«nfO{ Jofks,uDeL/ jf bL3{sfnLg c;/ gkg{ ] ;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng,:jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] ;fwf/0f ax'dtaf6 x'g;Sg]5 .* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ h]7 #) ut]_ åf/f yk245

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(3) After the commencement of the Constitution, unless a treaty or agreementis ratified, acceded to, accepted or approved in accordance with this Article, itshall not be binding on the Government of Nepal or the State of Nepal.(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in clauses (1) and (2), no treaty or agreementshall be concluded that may be detrimental to the territorial integrity of Nepal.157.Decision could be made through referendum(1) Except as provided elsewhere in the Constitution, if the Constituent Assemblydecides, by a two-thirds majority of the total number of existing members that itis necessary to make a decision on any matters of national importance, a decisionmay be reached on such matters through referendum.(2) The procedures pertaining to making decision pursuant to clause (1) shallbe as determined by the law.158. Power to remove difficulties#If any difficulty arises in connection with the implementation of thisconstitution, the President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministersmay issue necessary Orders to remove such difficulties, and such Ordersrequire endorsement by the Legislature-Parliament ## within a month.246# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: If any difficulty arises in connection with the implementation of this Constitution, the Council of Ministers## Removed on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12,, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: or the Constituent Assembly

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 x'g] s'g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf o; wf/f adf]lhd cg'df]bg, ;lDdng,:jLs[lt jf ;dy{g geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn /fHosf] xsdf nfu" ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn /fHosf] k|fb]lzs cv08tfdfk|lts"n c;/ kg{ ] u/L s'g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ul/g] 5}g .!%&= hgdt ;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{;lsg]M-!_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s /fli6«o dxTjsf] s'g} ljifodf hgdt ;+u|xaf6lg0f{o ug{ cfjZos 5 egL ;+ljwfg ;efn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf] b'O{ ltxfO{;b:osf] ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o u/]df To:tf] ljifodf hgdt ;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o lng ;lsg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmofaf6 lg0f{o lnOg] sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdx'g]5 .!%*= afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/M#of] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ s'g} afwf c8\sfp k/]df /fi6«kltn] dlGqkl/ifb\sf]l;kmfl/;df To:tf] afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 / o:tf] cfb]z Joj:yflksf–;+;baf6 ## Ps dlxgfleq cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg] {5 .#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM dlGqkl/ifb\n] of] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjogug{ s'g} afwf c8\sfp k/]df##g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f x6fOPsf] . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM jf ;+ljwfg ;efaf6247

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 23TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS*159. Property to be kept in a Trust:(1) A Trust shall be set up by the Nepal Government into which the property thatbelonged to late King Birendra, Queen Aishwarya and their family membersshall be transferred, and the fund shall be used in the national interest.(2) All the property inherited by former King Gyanendra in the form of palaces,forests and national parks, and cultural heritage centres of historical orarchaeological importance shall be nationalized.* Amended on 2065 Jesth 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread : as shown in the box on the next page.248

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu @#;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf*!%(= ;DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg] M-!_ tTsfnLg /fhf jL/]Gb|, /fgL P]Zjo{ / lghx?sf kl/jf/sf] ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/ dftxt NofO{6«i6 agfP/ /fi6«lxtdf k|of]u ul/g]5 .-@_ tTsfnLg /fhfsf x}l;otn] 1fg]Gb| zfxnfO{ k|fKt ePsf ;a} ;DklQx? -h:t} ljleGg :yfgsfb/jf/x?, jg tyf lgs'~hx?, P]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbfx? cflb_ /fli6«os/0ful/g]5 .* g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfnfO{ csf]{ kfgfdf aS;df /flvPsf] 5249

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS159. †Arrangements regarding the head of the state¤ (1) Nepal shall be a federal democratic republican state.(2) The implementation of [transition to] the republic shall be made at the firstmeeting of the Constituent Assembly.Provided that the Legislature Parliament may implement the republicprior to the elections to the Constituent Assembly if the king creates a seriousobstacle to the Constituent Assembly elections, by a motion in this regardpassed by at least a two-thirds majority of the existing members of theLegislature-Parliament. Such a motion shall be presented before the Legislature-Parliament in accordance with a decision of the Council of Ministers of theGovernment of Nepal.(3) No power to rule the country shall be vested in the King.(3A) All the functions pertaining to governance of the country shall be carriedout by the Prime Minister.(3B) The Prime Minister shall conduct all the functions of the head of the stateuntil the republic is implemented(4) The property of late King Birendra, late Queen Aishwarya and other membersof their family shall be brought under the control of the Government of Nepal,and a Trust shall be established to use the property for the benefit of the nation.(5) All the property acquired by King Gyanendra in the capacity of King (for instance:the palaces in different parts of the country, forests and national parks, heritage sitesof historical and anthropological importance etc.) shall be nationalized.† Amended on 2064 Paush 13 (28 December 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment) Act, 2064.Originally it read "Provisions regarding the King".¤ Amended on 2064 Paush 13 (28 December 2007) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Third Amendment) Act, 2064.Originally it read(1) No power to rule the country shall be vested in the King.(2) The Prime Minister shall perform all work pertaining to the governance and operation of the country.(3) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Constitution, the Constituent Assembly shall decide by a simplemajority at its first meeting about whether or not to continue the monarchy in existence.Second Amendment adds:(3A) Notwithstanding anything in Clause (3), a majority of at least two-thirds of the total number of the existingmembers of the Legislature-Parliament may pass a resolution abolishing the monarchy if it concludes that the Kingposes serious obstacles to the election to the Constituent Assembly.(3B) A decision to submit a proposal pursuant to Clause (3.A) shall be made by the Council of Ministers and suchproposal shall be submitted to the Legislature-Parliament.250(Note: This Article has been amended three times.)

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!%(= †/fi6« k|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yfM¤-!_ g]kfn Ps ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo x'g]5 .-@_ u0ftGqsf] sfof{Gjog ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7saf6 x'g]5 .t/ /fhfn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g glbg uDeL/ Jojwfg v8f u/]df;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g' cufj} klg Joj:yflksf-;+;bsf tTsfn sfod /x]sfsDtLdf b'O ltxfO ;b:ox?sf] ax'dtn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L u0ftGq sfof{Gjog ug{;Sg]5 / To:tf] k|:tfj g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n]Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .-#_ d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL s'g} klg clwsf/ /fhfdf /xg] 5}g .-#s_ d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yf / ;f]sf] ;~rfng ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd k|wfgdGqLn]ug]{5 .-#v_ u0ftGq sfof{Gjog geP;Ddsf] nflu /fi6« k|d'vn] ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfd k|wfgdGqLn]ug]{5 .-$_ :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|, /fgL P]Zjo{ / lghx¿sf kl/jf/sf] ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]dftxtdf NofO{ 6«i6 agfP/ /fi6«lxtdf k|of]u ul/g]5 .-%_ /fhfsf] x}l;otn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ k|fKt ePsf ;a} ;DklQx¿ -h:t} ljleGg:yfgsf b/af/x¿, jg tyf lgs'~hx¿, P]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbfx¿cflb_ /fli6«os/0f ul/g]5 .† g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] æ/fhf ;DaGwL Joj:yfÆ eGg] zLif{s/x]sf]¤ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ -@)^$ k'; !# ut]_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn]sf] Joj:yfM-!_ d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL s'g} klg clwsf/ /fhfdf /xg] 5}g .-@_ d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yf / ;~rfng ;DaGwL ;a} sfd k|wfgdGqLn] ug]{5 .-#_ /fh;+:yf sfod /fVg] of g/fVg] ;DaGwdf o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7sdf;fwf/0f ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o ul/g]5 .bf];|f] ;+zf]wg åf/f yk Joj:yfM-#s_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fhfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g glbg uDeL/ Jojwfg v8f u/]sf] 7x/ ub}{;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g'cufj} klg Joj:yflksf–;+;b\sf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6/fh;+:yf sfod g/xg] u/L k|:tfj kfl/t ug{ ;Sg]5 .-#v_ pkwf/f -#s_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]; ug]{ lg0f{o dlGqkl/ifb\n] ug]{5 / To:tf] k|:tfj Joj:yflksf–;+;b\;dIf k]; ug]{5 .-gf]6 M of] wf/f tLgk6s ;+zf]wg ePsf] 5 ._251

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS160. Provisions regarding the Council of Ministers(1) The Council of Ministers existing at the time of the commencement of thisConstitution shall be deemed to have been constituted under this Constitution.(2) The Council of Ministers constituted pursuant to clause (1), shall continueto work until the Council of Ministers is constituted under Article 38.161. Provisions regarding the Legislature-Parliament(1) Immediately after the commencement of this Constitution, the Legislature-Parliament shall be constituted under this Constitution.(2) After the commencement of this Constitution, the existing House ofRepresentatives and the National Assembly shall ipso facto be dissolved, andthe first meeting of the Legislature-Parliament under this Constitution shallconvene on the same day.(3) Bills that were under consideration in the House of Representatives at thetime of the commencement of this Constitution shall be transferred to theLegislature-Parliament under this Constitution.(4) The Parliament Secretariat and officials and the staff working in theSecretariat at the time of the commencement of this Constitution shall be deemedto be the Secretariat of the Legislature-Parliament and the officials and staff ofthe Secretariat shall be deemed to have been appointed under this Constitution.162. Provisions regarding the Judiciary(1) The Supreme Court, Appellate Court and District Courts subsisting at thetime of the commencement of this Constitution shall be deemed to have beenconstituted under this Constitution, and this Constitution shall not hinder themaking of the decisions by the concerned courts on cases filed prior to thecommencement of this Constitution.(2) The Judges working in the Supreme Court, Appellate Courts and DistrictCourts, after the commencement of this Constitution, shall take an oath ofcommitment to this Constitution as determined by the Government of Nepal.Any Judge who declines to take the oath shall ipso facto cease to hold office.(3) Necessary legal arrangements shall be made on the basis of democraticnorms and values to bring about gradual reforms in the judicial sector to makeit independent, clean, impartial and competent.252

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!^)= dlGqkl/ifb\ ;DaGwL Joj:yfM-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ o;} ;+ljwfg cGtu{t u7g ePsf]dflgg]5 .-@_ wf/f #* adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g geP;Dd pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] dlGqkl/ifb\ sfod/xg]5 .!^!= Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yfM-!_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x'gf;fy o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] u7g x'g]5 .-@_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw;ef / /fli6«o;ef :jtM lj36g x'g]5/ ;f]xL lbg o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] klxnf] a}7s a:g]5 .-#_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x' Fbfsf] avt k|ltlglw;efdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf ljw]osx¿ o; ;+ljwfgadf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf x:tfGt/0f x'g]5g\ .-$_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x' Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] ;+;b ;lrjfno / ;f] ;lrjfnodf sfo{/tkbflwsf/L / sd{rf/L o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd sfod x'g] Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno / lgo'lQmePsf kbflwsf/L / sd{rf/L dflgg]5g\ .!^@= Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf ;jf] {Rr cbfnt, k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnfcbfntx¿ o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] dflgg]5 / of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g' cl3 bfo/ePsf d'2fx¿ tt\ tt\ cbfntaf6 lg¿k0f ug{ of] ;+ljwfgn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 ;jf{ ]Rr cbfnt, k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntx¿df axfn/x]sf GofofwLzx¿n] of] ;+ljwfgk|lt k|ltj4tfsf] zky g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdu|x0f ug' { kg] {5 . zky u|x0f ug{ OGsf/ ug] { GofofwLz :jtM cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .-#_ :jtGq, :jR5, lgikIf / ;an Gofokflnsfsf nflu nf]stflGqs d"No dfGotfsf cfwf/dfGofo If]qnfO{ ;'wf/ ub} { n}hfg cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/g]5 .253

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS163. Provisions regarding constitutional bodies and officials thereof(1) The constitutional bodies and officials thereof subsisting at the time of thecommencement of this Constitution, but which are not to be re-establishedunder this Constitution, shall cease to exist after the commencement of thisConstitution.(2) The constitutional bodies subsisting at the time of the commencement of thisConstitution shall be deemed to have been constituted under this Constitution,and this Constitution shall not hinder such bodies in dealing with mattersunder consideration according to the existing laws. Necessary legalarrangements shall be made to bring about gradual reform in the constitutionalbodies and the officials thereof, according to democratic norms and values.(3) The subsisting National Human Rights Commission constituted accordingto existing laws shall continue to exist until the constitution of a NationalHuman Rights Commission as provided for in this Constitution, and thepending petitions and complaints shall be transferred to the National HumanRights Commission constituted under this Constitution; and the Commissionshall take up such petitions and complaints in accordance with this Constitutionand the laws made under it.164. Existing laws to remain in operation(1) Decisions made and work performed by the reinstated House ofRepresentatives that are not inconsistent with this Constitution shall be deemedto have been made and performed in accordance with this Constitution.(2) All the laws in force at the time of commencement of this Constitution shallremain in operation until repealed or amended.Provided that laws inconsistent with this Constitution shall, to the extentof inconsistency, ipso facto, cease to operate three months after thecommencement of this Constitution.254

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!^#= ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yfM-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ dWo] o;;+ljwfgdf pNn]v gul/Psf ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 sfod/xg] 5}gg\ .-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x' Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf ;+j}wflgs lgsfox¿ o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd:yfkgf ePsf] dflgg] 5g\ / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd tL lgsfox¿df ljrf/fwLg /x]sf ljifox¿nfO{lg/Gt/tf lbg o; ;+ljwfgn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . ;+j}wflgs cË / ltgsf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{nf]stflGqs d"No dfGotf cg'¿k ;'wf/ ub} { n}hfg cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/g]5 .-#_ of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd Joj:yf ul/Psf] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u u7g geP;Dd k|rlntsfg"g adf]lhd ul7t /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u sfod /xg]5 / o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf]/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u u7g ePkl5 ;f] cfof]uaf6 km5\of} {6 x'g afFsL /x]sf lgj]bg /ph'/Lx¿ o; cfof]udf ;g{ ]5g\ / ;f] cfof]un] To:tf lgj]bg / ph'/Lx¿ pk/ of] ;+ljwfg / o;cGtu{t ag]sf] sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ ]5 .!^$= jt{dfg sfg"g nfu" /xg]M-!_ k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;efåf/f eP u/]sf lg0f{o / sfd sf/afxL of] ;+ljwfg;Fu gaflemPsf]xb;Dd o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5g\ .-@_ of] ;+ljwfg nfu" x' Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf sfg"gx¿ vf/]h of ;+zf]wg geP;Dd sfod/xg]5g\ .t/ of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] sfg"g of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] tLg dlxgfkl5 aflemPsf]xb;Dd :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .255

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 24DEFINITIONS165. Definitions(1) Unless the subject or context otherwise requires, in this Constitution:-a. "Article" means an Article of this Constitution;b. "Nepal" means the State of Nepal;c. "citizen" means citizen of Nepal;d. "Bill" means a draft of a Constitution or an Act which has beenintroduced in the Legislature-Parliament or the Constituent Assembly.e. "remuneration" means and includes salary, allowances, pension andany other forms of emoluments.(2) Unless the subject or context otherwise requires, the prevailing law of Nepalrelating to interpretation shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution,apply to the interpretation of this Constitution in the same manner as that lawapplies to the interpretation of the laws of Nepal.256

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu @$kl/efiff!^%= kl/efiffM-!_ ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf{ ] cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf,–-s_ æwf/fÆ eGgfn] of] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ;Demg' k5{ .-v_ æg]kfnÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fHo ;Demg' k5{ .-u_ ægful/sÆ eGgfn] g]kfnsf] gful/s ;Demg' k5{ .-3_ æljw]osÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;b jf ;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ePsf] ;+ljwfg jf P]gsf]d:of}bf ;Demg' k5{ .-ª_ ækfl/>ldsÆ eGgfn] tna, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f / cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] kfl/>lds tyf;'ljwf ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .-@_ ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf] { cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf JoQm ePsf s'/fx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL sfg"gJofVof ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gL Joj:yf g]kfn sfg"gsf] JofVofdf nfu" eP ;/x o; ;+ljwfgsf]JofVofdf klg nfu" x'g]5 .257

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSPART 25SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENTAND ABROGATION166. Short title and commencement(1) This Constitution shall be called "The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063[2007]".(2) This Constitution shall be promulgated by the House of Representativesand be approved by the Legislature-Parliament. The details regarding theimplementation of this Constitution shall be as described in Schedule 3.(3) The "Comprehensive Peace Accord" concluded between the Government ofNepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) on Mangsir 5, 2063[November 21, 2006], and an agreement relating to "Agreement on theMonitoring of the Management of Arms and Armies" reached on Mangsir 22,2063 [December 8, 2006] are exhibited in Schedule 4.(4) This Constitution shall come into force from Monday, Magh One of the yearTwo Thousand Sixty Three [15 January 2007].167. AbrogationThe Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 2047 [1990] is hereby abrogated.258

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtefu @%;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL!^^= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM-!_ of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ æg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#Æ elgg]5 .-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|ltlglw;efåf/f hf/L x'g]5 / Joj:yflksf–;+;båf/f cg'df]bg ul/g]5 . o;sf]sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL lj:t[t Joxf]/f cg';"rL–# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-#_ ldlt @)^# dª\l;/ % ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg …lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tfÚ / ldlt @)^# dª\l;/ @@ ut] ;DkGg …xltof/ / ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL;Demf}tfÚ cg';"rL–$ df /flvPsf] 5 .-$_ of] ;+ljwfg ;Djt\ b'O{xhf/ lq;L ;fn df3 dlxgfsf] Ps ut] ;f]daf/b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .!^&= vf/]hLMg]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .259

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSSCHEDULE 1(Relating to Article 6)NATIONAL FLAG(A) Method of Making the Shape inside the Border1) On the lower portion of a crimson cloth draw a line AB of the required lengthfrom left to right.2) From A draw a line AC perpendicular to AB making AC equal to AB plusone third AB. From AC mark off D making line AD equal to line AB. Join BD.3) From BD mark off E making BE equal to AB.4) Touching E draw a line FG, starting from the point F on line AC, parallel toAB to the right hand-side. Mark off FG equal to AB.5) Join CG.(B) Method of Making the Moon6) From AB mark off AH making AH equal to one-fourth of line AB and startingfrom H draw a line HI parallel to line AC touching line CG at point I.7) Bisect CF at J and draw a line JK parallel to AB touching CG at point K.8) Let L be the point where lines JK and HI cut one another.9) Join JG.10) Let M be the point where line JG and HI cut one another.11) With centre M and with a distance shortest from M to BD mark off N on thelower portion of line HI.260

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtcg';"rL !-wf/f ^ ;“u ;DalGwt_/fli6«o em08f-s_lsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] tl/sf-!_ Pp6f l;ld|s /Ësf] /ftf] sk8fdf tNnf] efudf rflxPsf] hlt nDafOsf] /]vf afofFaf6bflxg]lt/ lvRg] / o;nfO{ s v gfd /fVg] .-@_ s af6 ;Lwf dfly u ;Dd s v sf] nDafO hltdf s v s} t[tLof+z yKbf hlt x'G5 Toltnfdf] x'g] u/L s u /]vf lvRg] . s u df s af6 s v sf] nDafO hlt lnO{ 3 lrGxf] nufpg] . v/ 3 hf]8\g] .-#_ v 3 /]vfdf v af6 s v hlt lnO{ ª lrGxf] nfpg] .-$_ ª x' Fb} s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ s u df kg] { laGb' r af6 z'? u/L bflxg]lt/ 5 ;Dd s vsf] nDafO hlt /]vf lvRg] .-%_ u / 5 nfO{ hf]8\g] .-v_ rGb| agfpg] tl/sf-^_ s v sf] rt'yf+ {z hlt s af6 bflxg]df h lrGxf] nfpg] / ToxfFaf6 dfly s u sf] ;dfgfGt/kf/]/ u 5 nfO{ em df 5'g] /]vf lvRg] .-&_ u r sf] cfwf ` af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ /]vf bfofFlt/ lvrL u 5 nfO{ 6 df 5'g] .-*_ ` 6 / h em /]vf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf 7 lrGxf] /fVg] .-(_ ` / 5 hf]8\g] .-!)_ ` 5 / h em sfl6Psf] laGb'df 8 lrGxf] nfpg] .-!!_ 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL v 3 /]vfnfO{ Go"gtd cGt/ kg] { u/L :kz{ ubf{ x'g] hlt b"/L kg] { u/L hem /]vfsf] tNnf] efudf 9 lrGxf] nufpg] .261

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS12) Touching M and starting from O, a point on AC, draw a line from left toright parallel to AB.13) With centre L and radius LN draw a semi-circle on the lower portion andlet P and Q be the points where it touches the line OM respectively.14) With centre M and radius MQ draw a semi-circle on the lower portiontouching P and Q.15) With centre N and radius NM draw an arc touching PNQ at R and S. JoinRS. Let T be the point where RS and HI cut one another.16) With centre T and radius TS draw a semi-circle on the upper portion ofPNQ touching it at two points.17) With centre T and radius TM draw an arc on the upper portion of PNQtouching at two points.18) Eight equal and similar triangles of the moon are to be made in the spacelying inside the semi-circle of No. (16) and outside the arc of No. (17) of thisSchedule.(C) Method of Making the Sun19) Bisect line AF at U, and draw a line UV parallel to AB line touching line BEat V.20) With centre W, the point where HI and UV cut one another and radius MNdraw a circle.21) With centre W and radius LN draw a circle.22) Twelve equal and similar triangles of the sun are to be made in the spaceenclosed by the circles of No. (20) and No. (21) with the two apexes of twotriangles touching line HI.(D) Method of Making the Border23) The width of the border will be equal to the width TN. This will be of deepblue colour and will be provided on all the sides of the flag. However, on thefive angles of the flag the external angles will be equal to the internal angles.262

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-!@_ 8 df 5f]O{ s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ /]vf afofFaf6 bfofFlt/ lvRg] / o;n] s u nfO{ 5f]Psf]ljGb'sf] gfd 0f /fVg] .-!#_ 7 s]Gb| lnP/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf j[Q v08 lvRg] / 0f 8 af6 uPsf] /]vfnfO{ o;n]5f]Psf] b'j} 7fpFdf qmdzM t / y gfd /fVg] .-!$_ 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL 8 y Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf cw{ j[Qfsf/ t y nfO{ 5'g] u/L lvRg] .-!%_ 9 s]Gb| dfgL 9 8 sf] Jof;f4{n] t 9 y j[Q v08sf] b'j}tkm{ 5'g] u/L j[Q v08 lvRg] / o;n]t 9 y nfO{ 5f]Psf] ljGb'x¿sf] gfd qmdzM b / 9 /fVg] . b w nfO{ hf]8\g] . b 9 / h emsfl6Psf] ljGb'sf] gfd g /fVg] .-!^_ g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g w n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf] efudf b'j} 7fpFdf 5'g] u/L cw{j[Qfsf/ lvRg] .-!&_ g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g 8 n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf] efudf b'j} 7fpFdf 5'g] u/L j[Q v08lvRg] .-!*_ of] cg';"rLsf] g+= -!^_ sf] cw{ j[Qfsf/ leq / g+= -!&_ sf] j[Q v08 aflx/ rGb|dfsf]cf7j6f a/fa/sf sf]0f agfpg] .-u_;"o{ agfpg] tl/sf-!(_ s r sf] cfwf k af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ v ª df 5'g] u/L k km /]vf lvRg] .-@)_ h em / k km sfl6Psf] laGb' a s]Gb| dfg]/ 8 9 sf] Jof;f4{n] j[Qfsf/ k"/f lvRg] .-@!_ a nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] j[Qfsf/ k"/f lvRg] .-@@_ of] cg';"rLsf] g+= -@)_ sf] j[Qfsf/ aflx/ / of] cg';"rLsf] g+= -@!_ sf] j[Qfsf/leq k/]sf]uf]n 3]/fsf] aLr efudf ;"o{sf] afx|j6f a/fa/sf sf]0fx¿ b'O{ r'Rrfx¿n] h em /]vfdf 5'g] u/Lagfpg] .-3_ lsgf/f agfpg] tl/sf-@#_ g 9 sf] rf}8fO hlt uf9f gLnf] /Ësf] lsgf/f em08fsf] cfsf/sf] aflx/L ;a}lt/sf] ;LdfdfyKg], t/ em08fsf] kfFr sf]0fx¿df rflx+ aflx/L sf]0fx¿ klg leq} ;/xsf agfpg] .263

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS24) The above mentioned border will be provided if the flag is to be used witha rope. On the other hand, if it is to be hoisted on a pole, the hole on the borderon the side AC can be extended according to requirements.Explanation: - The lines HI, RS, FE, ED, JG, OQ, JK and UV are imaginary.Similarly, the external and internal circles of the sun and the other arcs exceptthe crescent moon are also imaginary. These are not shown on the flag.264

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-@$_ em08f 8f]/L nufO{ k|of]u u/]df dfly atfOPs} kl§ /fVg] . em08f n6\7Ldf 3';fg] { xf] eg] su kl§ cfjZos k/] hlt lsgf/f rf}8\ofpg] . 8f]/L jf n6\7Lsf] k|of]udf s u sf] kl§df Kjfn/fVg] .:ki6Ls/0fM em08f agfpFbf lvlrPsf h em b w, r ª, ª 3, ` 5, 0f y, ` 6 / k km /]vfx¿slNkt x'g\ . To:t} ;"o{sf aflx/L / leqL j[Qfsf/x¿ tyf v'k] { rGb| afx]s c? a[Q v08 klgslNkt x'g\ . lognfO{ v08df b]vfOFb}g .265

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS*SCHEDULE -1A(relating to clause 2 of Article 36F and Article 36I )The oath of office and secrecy to be taken by the President and the Vice-presidentI(President’s/Vice president’s full name)…………………….., being fully committed to thepeople and country solemnly promise/swear before God and hereby take the oath of offices ofthe (President/Vice President. By remaining faithful to the Interim Constitution of Nepal2007, which has recognized the sovereign power and the power of the State as being inherentin the people of Nepal, promising to respect the law of land and work for the welfare of thepeople and the country, without any fear of anybody and swearing not to be biased orprejudiced nor to harbour any bad feelings towards anybody while performing the duties ofthe office, # I promise to carry out my responsibilities faithfully and shall never convey,expressly or hinting, any information acquired during my tenure of office or afterleaving office, other than while acting accordance to law.Name, Family name:……………………………….Date:………………………………… Signature:…………………………………..*Added on 2065 Jestha 15 (May 28, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2065.# Amended on 2065 Ashad 28 (July 12, 2008) by the Interim Constitution of Nepal (Fifth Amendment) Act, 2065. Originallyread: I promise to carry out faithfully the responsibilities of the president/vice president in accordance with prevailinglaws of the country and to maintain the secrecy of the office266

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt*cg';"rL–!s-wf/f #^r= wf/f #^em=sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;“u ;DalGwt_/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltn] lng] kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zkysf] 9fFrfd -/fi6«klt÷pk/fi6«kltsf] k"/f gfd_========= ======== ====== === d'n's / hgtfk|lt k"0f{ akmfbf/ /xL;Tolgi7fk"j{s k|lt1f u5' {÷O{Zj/sf gfddf zky lnG5' ls g]kfnsf] /fhsLo ;Qf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf g]kfnLhgtfdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# k|lt k"0f{ akmfbf/ /xFb} /fi6« «klt÷pk/fi6«klt kbsf]sfdsfh k|rlnt sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL d'n's / hgtfsf] ;f]emf] lrtfO{, s;}sf] 8/ gdfgL, kIfkftgu/L, k"jf{u|x jf v/fj efjgf glnO{ # OdfGbf/Ltfsf ;fy sfd ug]{5' / cfk\mgf] st{Jokfngfsf] l;nl;nfdf cfk"mnfO{ hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] s'/f d kbdf axfn /xFbf jf g/xFbfh'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg sfg'gsf] kfngf ubf{ afx]s c? cj:yfdf s'g} lsl;daf6 klg k|s6jf ;ª\s]t ug]{ 5}g .gfd, y/M==========================ldltM=========================== ;xLM=======================*g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% h]7 !%_ åf/f yk#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ !(_ åf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxn] /x]sf] Joj:yfM kbLo uf]kgLotf sfod /fvLOdfgbfl/tfsf ;fy ug]{5' .267

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS#The Schedule- 2 with the name of the members of the Legislature-Parliament has been removed by the Interim Constitutionof Nepal (FifthAmendment) Act, 2065.268

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfFrf} F ;+zf]wg_, @)^% -@)^% c;f/ @*_ åf/f Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL ePsf] cg';"rL– @ x6fOPsf]269

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSSCHEDULE 3Relating to clause (2) of Article 166This Constitution shall be promulgated by the House of Representatives and beratified by the Legislature-Parliament after the beginning of the monitoring of armsand army management in accordance with the "Comprehensive Peace Accord"concluded between the Government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal(Maoist) on Mangsir 22, 2063 [November 21, 2006], and "Agreement on theMonitoring of the Management of Arms and Armies" reached on Mangsir 5, 2063[8 November 2006].270

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtcg';"rL #-wf/f !^^ sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;“u ;DalGwt_ldlt @)^# ;fn dª\l;/ % ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg …lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tfÚ / ldlt @)^# ;fn dª\l;/ @@ ut] ;DkGg …xltof/ tyf ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg;DaGwL ;Demf}tfÚ adf]lhd xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg / cg'udg ;'? ePkl5 k|ltlglw;efåf/f of] ;+ljwfghf/L x'g]5 / cGtl/d Joj:yflksf–;+;båf/f cg'df]bg x'g]5 .271

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSSCHEDULE 4(Relating to Clause (3) of Article 166)COMPREHENSIVE PEACE ACCORDCONCLUDED BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OFNEPAL AND THE COMMUNIST PARTY OFNEPAL (MAOIST)PreambleRespecting the people's mandate expressed in favour of democracy, peace andprogress by the Nepali people through the historic struggles and people'smovement, launched from time to time, since prior to 1950 to till now,Reaffirming full commitment towards the 12-points Understanding, the 8-pointsAgreement reached between the Seven Political Parties and the CommunistParty of Nepal (Maoist), the 25-points Code of Conduct agreed between theGovernment of Nepal and the CPN (Maoist), the decisions of the meeting ofhigh level leaders of the Seven Political Parties and the CPN (Maoist) held onNovember 8, 2006 including all agreements, understandings, code of conductsconcluded between the Government of Nepal and the CPN (Maoist), andcorrespondence of similar view point sent to the United Nations Organisation,Expressing determination to carry out a progressive restructuring of the state toresolve the existing problems based on class, caste, region and gender,Reiterating the commitment towards the competitive multiparty democraticsystem of governance, civil liberty, fundamental rights, human rights, full pressfreedom and concept of rule of law including democratic values and norms,Remaining committed to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948and international humanitarian laws and basic principles and values relatingto human rights,272

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtcg';"rL $-wf/f !^^ sf] pkwf/f -#_ ;“u ;DalGwt_g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{-dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfk|:tfjgfg]kfnL hgtfn] @))& ;fn klxn]b]lv xfn;Dd k6s k6s ub} { cfPsf P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ /hgcfGbf]ng dfk{mt\ nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf kIfdf k|s6 ePsf] hgfb]zsf] ;Ddfg ub} {,;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg !@ a' Fb] ;dembf/L, * a' Fb] ;xdlt, g]kfn;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg @% a' Fb] cfrf/;+lxtf, @)^# ;fn sflt{s @@ ut] ;ft/fhgLlts bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf zLif{ g]tfx?sf] a}7ssf lg0f{ox? nufot g]kfn ;/sf/ /g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg ;a} ;Demf}tf, ;xdlt, cfrf/;+lxtf / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k| ]lift;dfg wf/0ffsf] kqfrf/k|lt k"0f{ k|ltj4tfsf] k'gk' {li6 ub} {,b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n} +lus ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g{;+/rgfug] { ;+sNk ub} {,k|ltikwf{Tds ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf, gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgjclwsf/, k"0f{ k| ]; :jtGqtf tyf sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff nufot nf]stflGqs d"NodfGotfk|ltsf] k"0f{ k|ltj4tfnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpb},dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'g tyf dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t l;4fGt / dfGotfx?k|lt k|ltj4 /xFb},273

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSGuaranteeing the fundamental rights of the Nepali People to participate in theelections of the Constituent Assembly in a free, impartial and fearlessenvironment,Keeping democracy, peace, prosperity, progressive socio-economic change andfreedom, integrity, sovereignty and dignity of the country at the center,Expressing determination to implement the commitment to holding an electionto the Constituent Assembly in a free and impartial manner by June 14, 2007,Declaring the beginning of a new chapter of peaceful collaboration by endingthe armed conflict that existed in the country since 1995, on the basis of thepolitical understanding reached between both parties in order to fulfill theguarantee of sovereignty of the Nepali people, progressive political outlet[solution], democratic restructuring of the state and socio-economic andcultural transformation through the Constituent Assembly,Now, therefore, this Comprehensive Peace Accord has been concluded betweenthe Government of Nepal and CPN (Maoist) with a commitment to transformthe ceasefire reached between the Government of Nepal and CPN (Maoist) intoa long term peace.1. Preliminary1.1. This Accord shall be referred as the "Comprehensive Peace Accord, 2006."In short, the Accord shall be referred as Peace Accord.1.2. The Accord shall come into force from today through a public declarationof the Government side and the Maoist side.1.3. Both sides shall issue necessary directives to all the agencies under them toimmediately implement and abide by this Accord and, shall implement orcause it to be implemented.1.4. All the agreements, understandings, code of conducts and decisions reachedbetween the Seven Political Parties, the Government and the Maoist sidesattached as an annex shall be deemed to be an integral part of this Accord.1.5. The understandings and agreements to be reached in future as per necessaryfor the implementation of this Accord shall also be deemed to be a part of thisAccord.274

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt:jtGq, lgikIf / eod'Qm jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] g]kfnLhgtfsf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ub} {,nf]stGq, zflGt, ;d[l4, cu|ufdL cfly{s–;fdflhs kl/jt{g tyf b]zsf] :jtGqtf, cv08tf,;fj{ef}ldstf / :jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fVb},@)^$ ;fn h]7 dlxgfleq :jtGq / lgikIf ?kn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug] { k|ltj4tfnfO{sfof{Gjog ug] { b[9tf JoQm ub} {,;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] ;'lglZrttf, cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;,/fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'g;{ +/rgf / cfly{s–;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ug{ b'j} kIfaLr ePsf]/fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df b]zdf @)%@ ;fnb]lv rNb} cfPsf] ;z:q åGånfO{ cGTo u/LzflGtk"0f{ ;xsfo{sf] gofF cWofo k|f/De ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub} {,g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf aLr ePsf] o'4lj/fdnfO{ bL3{sfnLg zflGtdf kl/0ft ug] {k|ltj4tfsf;fy g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf aLr of] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf ;DkGgul/Psf] 5 .!= k|f/lDes!=! o; ;Demf}tfsf] gfd ælj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf, @)^#Æ /x]sf 5 . 5f]6s/Ldf o; ;Demf}tfnfO{zflGt ;Demf}tf elgg] 5 .!=@ of] ;Demf}tf ;/sf/ kIf / dfcf]jfbL kIfsf] ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff dfkm{t\ cfh}sf ldltb]lv nfu"x'g]5 .!=# b'j} kIfn] cf–cfˆgf] dftxtsf ;a} lgsfonfO{ of] ;Demf}tf tTsfn sfof{Gjog tyf kfngf ug{cfjZos lgb] {zg hf/L ug] {5g\ / sfof{Gjog ug] { u/fpg] 5g\ .!=$ cg';"rLdf ;ª\nUg ;ft /fhgLlts bn, ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL kIfaLr ePsf ;a} ;xdlt,;dembf/L, cfrf/;+lxtf / lg0f{ox? o; ;Demf}tfsf] cleGg cË dflgg] 5g\ .!=% of] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ kl5 ul/g] ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfx? Klg o;}sfc+u dflgg] 5g\ .275

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS2. Definitions: Unless the subject or context otherwise requires, in thisAccord(a) "Ceasefire" means the act to prohibit all terms of attack, kidnapping, act ofdisappearance, detention, mobilization, strengthening, aggression and violentactivities of armed of forces and the activities spreading destruction, incitementand instigation in the society through whatsoever means carried out betweenthe Government of Nepal and the CPN (Maoist) by aiming at each other.(b) "Interim Constitution" means the "Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007" tobe promulgated for the period until a new constitution is drafted andpromulgated by the Constituent Assembly.(c) "Interim Council of Ministers" means the Interim Council of Ministers to beconstituted under the Interim Constitution.(d) "Both sides" mean the Government of Nepal side and the Communist Partyof Nepal (Maoist) side.(e) "Law in Force" means the Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007 and theNepal laws in force that are not inconsistent with it. Provided that this definitionshall not obstruct the legal provisions that existed before the promulgation ofthe Interim Constitution 2007.(f) "Verification" means the matter of preparation of exact record afterverification of army, combatants and arms by the United Nations Organization.3. Political-Economic-Social Transformation and Conflict ManagementBoth sides agree to adopt the following policies and programmes for the political,economic and social transformation and to manage the existing conflict in the countryin a positive manner.3.1. To ensure progressive political, economic and social transformation in thecountry on the basis of the decisions reached at the meeting of high level leadersof Seven Political Parties and CPN (Maoist) on November 8, 2006.3.2. To constitute an Interim Legislature-Parliament on the basis of the InterimConstitution, and to hold an election of the Constituent Assembly in a free andimpartial manner by the Interim Government by June 14, 2007 and to ensurepractically the sovereignty vested in the Nepali people.276

]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt@=kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf] { cy{ gnfu]df o; ;Demf}tfdf M–-s_ æo'4lj/fdÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr Ps csf{nfO{ nlIft u/Lul/g] ;a} k|sf/sf cfqmd0f, ckx/0f, a]kQf, y'g5]s, ;z:q anx?sf] kl/rfng, ;'b[9Ls/0f,cfqmfds Pj+ lx+;fTds sf/jfxL tyf h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 ;dfhdf ljWj+z km}nfpg], pQ]lht kfg{Pjd\ e8\sfpg] lqmofsnfk lgif]w ug] { sfo{nfO{ hgfpF5 .-v_ æcGtl/d ;+ljwfgÆ eGgfn] ;+ljwfg ;efåf/f gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eO{ nfu" geP;Ddsf] nfluhf/L ul/g] æg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#Æ nfO{ hgfpF5 .-u_ æcGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\Æ eGgfn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg adf]lhd u7g x'g] æcGtl/d dGqLkl/ifb\ÆnfO{ hgfpF5 .-3_ æb'j} kIfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ kIf / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ kIfnfO{ hgfpF5 .-ª_ æk|rlnt sfg'gÆ eGgfn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# / o;;Fu gaflemPsf k|rlntg]kfn sfg'gnfO{ hgfpF5 . t/ o; kl/efiffn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# hf/L x'g' cl3sf] sfg'gLJoj:yfnfO{ jfwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g .-r_ æk|df0fLs/0fÆ eGgfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;]gf, n8fs' / xltof/sf] k|df0fLs/0f u/L oyfy{nut tof/ kfg] { ljifonfO{ hgfpF5 .#= /fhgLlts –cfly{s– ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / åGå Joj:yfkg Mb'j} kIf b]xfoadf]lhd /fhgLlts–cfly{s– ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cjnDag ug{ /b]zdf ljBdfg åGåsf] ;sf/fTds 9Ën] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;xdt 5g\ M#=!= @)^# sflt{s @@ ut] ;DkGg ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf zLif{ g]tfx?sf] a}7ssflg0f{ox? -cg';"rL–^_ sf cfwf/df b]zdf cu|ufdL /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs kl/jt{g;'lglZrt ug] { .#=@ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf cfwf/df cGtl/d Joj:yflksf–;+;b u7g ug] { / cGtl/d ;/sf/åf/fcfufdL @)^$ h]7 dlxgfleq :jtGq / lgikIf ?kdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug] { /g]kfnL hgtfdf cGt/lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] Jojxfl/s k|Tofe"lt ug] { .277

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS3.3. No powers to rule the country shall be vested in the King. The properties oflate King Birendra, late Queen Aishwarya and their family shall be transferredto the Government of Nepal and be utilized for the national interest by forminga trust. All properties (like the palaces located in different places, forest andparks, heritages of historical and archeological importance etc.) acquired byKing Gyanendra in that capacity shall be nationalized. Matter whether or notto maintain the institution of monarchy shall be decided by a simple majorityin the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly.3.4. To adopt a political system that fully abides by the universally acceptedconcepts of fundamental human rights, multiparty competitive democraticsystem, sovereignty vested in the people and supremacy of the people,constitutional checks and balances, rule of law, social justice and equality,independent judiciary, periodic elections, monitoring by the civil society,complete press freedom, people's right to information, transparency andaccountability in the activities of political parties, people's participation,impartial, competent, and fair bureaucracy and to maintain good governanceby ending corruption and impunity.3.5. To carry out an inclusive, democratic and progressive restructuring of theState by eliminating the current centralized and unitary form of the State inorder to address problems related to women, Dalit, indigenous ethnic [AdivasiJanajati] people, Madhesi, oppressed, neglected and minority communitiesand backward regions by ending discrimination based on class, caste,language, gender, culture, religion and region.3.6. To decide, through mutual agreement, a minimum common programmefor the socio-economic transformation that ends all forms of feudalism and toimplement it gradually.3.7. To adopt a policy to introduce a scientific land reform programme byending feudal land ownership.3.8. To follow a policy to protect and promote the national industries andresources.3.9. To adopt a policy to establish the rights of all citizens to education, health,housing, employment and food sovereignty.278

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt#=# d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL s'g} klg clwsf/ /fhfdf g/xg] . :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|, /fgLP]Zjo{ / lghx?sf kl/jf/sf] ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf NofO{ 6«i6 agfP/ /fi6«lxtdfk|of]u ug] { . /fhfsf] x}l;otn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ k|fKt ePsf ;a} ;DklQx? -h:t} ljleGg :yfgsfb/af/x?, jg tyf lgs'~hx?, P]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbfx? cflb_ /fli6«os/0fug] { . /fh;+:yf sfod /fVg] of g/fVg]af/] ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7såf/f ;fwf/0f ax'dtn] 6' +uf]nufpg] .#=$ ljZjJofkL ?kdf :jLs[t cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqsk|0ffnL, hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf / hgtfsf] ;jf] {Rrtf, ;+j}wflgs ;Gt'ng / lgoGq0f, ljlwsf]zf;g, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf, cfjlws lgjf{rg, gful/s ;dfhsf]cg'udg, k"0f{ k| ]; :jtGqtf, hgtfsf] ;"rgfsf] clwsf/, /fhgLlts bnx?sf lqmofsnfkx?dfkf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]xLtf, hg;xeflutf, lgikIf, ;Ifd tyf :jR5 k|zf;gtGqsf cjwf/0ffx?sf]k"0f{ kl/kfngf ug] { /fhgLlts k|0ffnL cjnDag ug] { .#=% juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]qLo e]befjsf] cGTo ub} { dlxnf, blnt,cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, pTkLl8t, pk]lIft / cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfo, lk5l8Psf If]q nufotsf;d:ofx?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ /fHosf] jt{dfg s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds 9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf];dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs / cu|ufdL k'g;{/rgf ug] { .#=^ ;fdGtjfbsf ;a} ?kx?sf] cGTo ug] { cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] Go"gtd ;femf sfo{s|dcfk;L ;xdltn] to u/]/ nfu" ub} { hfg] .#=& ;fdGtL e":jfldTjsf] cGTo ub} { j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{s|d nfu" ug] { gLlt cjnDjg ug] { .#=* /fli6«o pBf]uwGbf / ;fwg;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug] { gLlt cg';/0f ug] { .#=( lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L / vfB ;'/Iffdf ;a} gful/ssf] clwsf/ :yflkt ug] { gLltlng] .279

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS3.10. To adopt a policy to provide land and other economic and social securityto the economically backward classes including landless, bonded labours[kamaiyas], tillers[haliyas] pastoral farmers [farm labourers and shepherds][haruwa charuwa].3.11. To adopt a policy of severe punishment to any person who acquiresunjust wealth through corruption while holding a government office of profit.3.12. To build a common development concept for socio-economictransformation and justice as well as to rapidly develop the country and makeit economically prosperous.3.13. To ensure the professional [occupational] rights of the labourers and followa policy for massive increase in employment and income generation opportunitiesby increasing investment in industries, trade, export promotion etc.4. Management of Armies and ArmsIn order to hold the election of the Constituent Assembly in a peaceful, impartialenvironment, free of fear, and for the democratization and restructuring of the army,to carry out the following tasks in accordance with the 12-points understanding,eight-points agreement and 25-points code of conduct concluded in the past, thefive-points letter sent to the United Nations and the decision taken in the meeting ofhigh level leaders held on November 8, 2006.Regarding the Maoist Army4.1. As per the commitment expressed in the letter sent to the United Nations onbehalf of the Government of Nepal and the CPN (Maoist) on August 9, 2006,combatants of the Maoist army shall be confined within the following temporarycantonments in the following places. They shall be verified and monitored bythe United Nations.The main cantonments shall be located in the following places1. Kailali2. Surkhet3. Rolpa4. Nawalparasi5. Chitwan6. Sindhuli7. IlamThe sub-cantonments around the main cantonments shall be located at the rate ofthree each.280

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt#=!) ;'s'Djf;L, sd}of, xlnof, x/jfr/jf nufotsf cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kn] k5fl8 k/]sfju{nfO{ hUuf nufot cfly{s ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug] { gLlt lng] .#=!! ;/sf/L nfesf] kbdf /x]/ e|i6frf/ u/L cs"t ;DklQ cfh{g ug] {x? pk/ s8f sfjf{xL u/Lbl08t ug] { gLlt lng] .#=!@ b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f Pj+ Gofosf ;fy} b]znfO{ l56f] ;d'Ggt / cfly{s ?kn];d[4zfnL agfpg Ps ;femf ljsf; cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ug] { .#=!# >ldssf k]zfut clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ub} { pBf]uwGbf, Jofkf/, lgof{t k|jw{g cflbsfnflu nufgL j[l4 u/L /f]huf/L Pj+ cfo cfh{gsf cj;/x?sf] Jofks j[l4 ug] { gLlt cg';/0fug] { .$= ;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ zflGtk"0f{, lgikIf / eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf ;DkGg ug{ / ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0ftyf k'g;{ +/rgf ug{ ljutdf ePsf afx« a' Fb] ;dembf/L, cf7 a' Fb] ;xdlt, kRrL; a' Fb] cfrf/;+lxtf,;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k7fOPsf] kfFr a' Fb] kq / sflt{s @@ ut] ;DkGg zLif{ g]tfx?sf] a}7ssf lg0f{ox?cg'?k lgDg sfdx? ug] { –Dffcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf –$=!= @)^# ;fn ;fpg @$ ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] tk{maf6 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ k7fOPsf] kqdf JoQm k|ltj4tf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? (Combatants) lgDglnlvt :yfgx?df c:yfoL lzlj/x? (Cantonments) df ;Lldt /xg] . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3åf/f pgLx?sf]k|df0fLs/0f / cg'udg ug] { .d'Vo lzlj/x? lgDg :yfgx?df /xg]5g\ M!= s}nfnL@= ;'v] {t#= /f]Nkf$= gjnk/f;L%= lrtjg^= l;Gw'nL&= Onfdd'Vo lzlj/x? jl/kl/ #÷# j6fsf b/n] ;xfos lzlj/x? /xg]5g\ .281

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS4.2. After confining the Maoist combatants within the cantonments, all armsand ammunition except those required for the security of the cantonmentsshall be securely stored in the cantonment itself and the key shall be kept by theconcerned party after installing a single lock. In the process of installing such alock, a device with a siren for the monitoring by the United Nations for itsrecord shall be assembled. While carrying out the necessary inspection of thestored arms, the United Nations shall do it in the presence of the concernedparty. Other technical details related to this process along with the cameramonitoring shall be prepared through an agreement between the UnitedNations, CPN (Maoist) and the Government of Nepal.4.3. When the Maoist combatants stay in the temporary cantonments, theGovernment of Nepal shall provide ration supplies and other necessaryarrangements.4.4. The Interim Council of Ministers shall work to supervise, integrate andrehabilitate the Maoist combatants.4.5. Security provisions for the Maoist leaders shall be made through theunderstanding with the Government.Regarding the Nepal Army-4.6. The Nepal Army shall be confined within the barracks as per the commitmentexpressed in the letter sent to the United Nations. It shall be guaranteed thattheir arms are not used for or against any one. The Nepal Army shall also storetheir arms in equal numbers as that of the Maoists and it shall be sealed with asingle-lock and the key shall be kept by the concerned party. In the process ofinstalling the lock, a device shall be used along with a siren for its record formonitoring by the United Nations. While carrying out the necessary inspectionof the stored arms, the United Nations shall do it in the presence of the concernedparty. Other technical details related to this process along with cameramonitoring shall be prepared through an agreement between the UnitedNations, the CPN (Maoist) and the Government of Nepal.282

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt$=@= dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? lzlj/df /x]kl5 lzlj/sf] ;'/Iffy{ rflxg] xftxltof/ / uf]nLufjfx]s cGo ;a} xltof/x? lzlj/leq} ;'/lIft e08f/0f ug] { / Psn tfNrf nufO{ rfjL ;DalGwtkIfn] g} /fVg] . ;f] tfNrf nufpg] k|lqmofdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] lgu/fgLsf nflu p;sf] /]s8{,;fO/g ;lxtsf] ;+oGq (Device) ;lDdlnt ug] { . e08f/0f ul/Psf xftxltof/x?sf] cfjZos hfFrug' { kbf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;DalGwt kIfsf] /f]xj/df ug] { . Sofd/f cg'udg nufot o;;DaGwsf cGo lj:t[t k|fljlws ljj/0f ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf;xdltn] tof/ ug] { .$=#= dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? c:yfoL lzlj/df al;;s]kl5 pgLx?sf] /;bkfgL nufot cGocfjZos Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug] { .$=$ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x?sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgf lglDt cGtl/d dGqLkl/ifb\n]ljz]if sld6L agfP/ sfd ug] { .$=% dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf ;/sf/;Fusf] ;xdltn] ug] { .g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf –$=^ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k| ]lift kqdf JoQm k|ltj4tf cg';f/ g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sleq ;Lldt/xg] . p;sf xltof/x? s;}sf] klg kIf of ljkIfdf k|of]u gx'g] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt ug] { . dfcf]jfbL;]gfsf tk{maf6 e08f/0f ePsf xltof/sf] a/fa/L ;+Vofdf g]kfnL ;]gfn] klg cfˆgf xltof/x?;'/lIft e08f/0f ug] { / Psn tfNrf nufO{ rfjL ;DjlGwt kIfn] g} /fVg] . ;f] tfNrf nufpg]k|lqmofdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] lgu/fgLsf] nflu p;sf] /]s8{, ;fO/g ;lxtsf] ;+oGq (Device);lDdlnt ug] { . e08f/0f ul/Psf xftxltof/x?sf] cfjZos hfFr ug' { kbf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n];DalGwt kIfsf] /f]xj/df ug] { . Sofd/f cg'udg nufot o; ;DaGwsf cGo lj:t[t k|fljlwsljj/0f ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] ;xdltn] tof/ ug] { .283

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS4.7. The control, mobilization and management of the Nepal Army shall bedone by the Council of Ministers in accordance with the newly enacted MilitaryAct. The Interim Council of Ministers shall prepare and implement a detailedaction plan for the democratization of the Nepal Army having also takensuggestions from the concerned committee of the Interim Legislature. Underthis scheme activities like determining appropriate number of the Nepal Army,its democratic structure and national and inclusive character, shall be developedand the army shall be based on democratic and human rights values and otherrelated works shall also be performed.4.8. The Nepal Army shall continue to perform functions like border security,security of the conservation areas, protection of parks, banks, airports, powerhouses, telephone towers, central secretariat and security of very importantpersons.5. Ceasefire5.1. Termination of military action and armed mobilization5.1.1. Both sides express their commitments not to carry out the followingactivities -a.) An act of using any type of arms and weapons targeted against eachother in direct or indirect way or any attack;b.) Searching or confiscating weapons belonging to either side with orwithout weapons at the place where the arms have been stored as perthe understanding reached between the two sides;c.) An act of hurting and exerting mental pressure on any person;d.) An act of setting up ambush targeting each other;e.) Murder and violent activities;f.) An act of kidnapping/arrest/detention/disappearance;g.) Damaging public/private/government or military property;h.) Aerial attack or bombardment;i.) An act of land mining and sabotage;j.) An act of spying on military activities of each other.284

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt$=&= g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg gofF ;}lgs P]g adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\n] ug] { .cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fhgLlts ;xdlt / cGtl/d Joj:yflksfsf] ;DalGwt ;ldlt;d]tsf];'emfj lnP/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0fsf] lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf th' {df / sfof{Gjog ug] { . o;cGtu{t g]kfnL ;]gfsf] pko'Qm ;+Vof, nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf, /fli6«o / ;dfj]zL rl/q lgdf{0f ub}nf]stGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] d"Noåf/f ;]gfnfO{ k|lzlIft ug] { nufotsf sfdx? ug] { .$=* g]kfnL ;]gfn] ub} { cfPsf ;Ldf ;'/Iff, cf/If, lgs'~h, a} +s, ljdfg:yn, ljB'tu[x, 6]lnkmf]g6fj/, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno, ljlzi6 JolQmx?sf] ;'/Iff nufotsf sfdx?nfO{ lg/Gttf lbg] .%= o'4lj/fd%=! ;}Go sf/jfxL / ;z:q kl/rfngsf] cGTo M%=!=!= b'j} kIf b]xfodf plNnlvt sfo{ gug] { k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g\ M–s_ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf?kdf Ps csf{ ]k|lt nlIft s'g} klg lsl;dsf] xft xltof/sf] k|of]u jfcfqmd0f ug{ ] sfo{,v_ b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltn] xftxltof/ e08f/0f ul/Psf] :yfgdf xftxltof/;lxt of /lxt?kdfcsf] { kIfsf] xftxltof/ vfgtnf;L jf j/fdbL ug{ ] sfo{,u_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ gf]S;fgL ug] { jf dfgl;s bjfj k'¥ofpg] sfo{,3_ Ps csf{nfO{ nlIft u/L w/fk -PDa';_ yfKg] sfo{,ª_ xTof tyf lx+;fTds sf/jfxLx?r_ ckx/0f÷kqmfp÷ y'g5]s÷a]kQf kfg] { sfo{5_ ;fj{hlgs÷lghL÷;/sf/L jf ;}lgs ;DklQ gf]S;fgL,h_ xjfO{ cfqmd0f jf adaf/L,em_ hldg d'gL af?b lj5\ofpg] sfo{ -dfOlgË_ / ljWj+;fTds sfo{ -:ofjf]6]h_,`_ Ps csf{sf] ;}lgs ultljlwsf] ;'/fsL ug{ ] sfo{ .285

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS5.1.2. Both sides shall not recruit additional military forces and shall nottransport arms and ammunitions and explosives or conduct military activitiesagainst each other;Provided that the Interim Government may, in order to prevent illegaltrafficking of materials like arms and weapons, explosives or part or rawmaterials thereof, conduct patrolling, search or confiscate them at internationalborders or custom points by mobilising security forces.5.1.3. No individual or group shall travel with illegal arms, ammunitions andexplosives.5.1.4. Both sides shall assist each other to mark landmines and booby trapsused during the time of armed conflict by providing necessary informationwithin 30 days and defuse and excavate the same within 60 days.5.1.5. Armies of both sides shall not be present with arms or combat dress in anycivil gathering, political meeting or any public programme.5.1.6. The Nepal Police and Armed Police Force shall continue to act to maintainlaw, order and peace and conduct criminal investigation as per the spirit andletter of the people's movement and the Peace Accord according to theprevailing [existing] law.5.1.7. Both sides shall issue circulars to their respective armed agencies orpersonnel to stop addressing as 'enemy' any armed person of the other side andalso to treat them in similar manner.5.1.8. Both sides express their consent to create an inventory of governmental,public and private buildings, land and other properties occupied, locked up ornot allowed to be used in course of the armed conflict and to return themimmediately.5.2. Measures for Normalization of the Situation5.2.1. It is not allowed to collect cash or kind and levy tax against one's will andcontrary to the law in force.5.2.2. Both sides agree to make public the status of the people taken in theircustody and to release them within a period of fifteen days.286

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt%=!=@ b'j} kIfn] yk ;}Go etL{ ug{ ] 5}gg\ / xftxltof/, uf]nLuf tyf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ cf];f/k;f/ jf Ps csf{ lj?4 ;}lgs xs{t ug{ ] 5}gg\ .t/, cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf / eG;f/ ljGb'df xft xltof/, ljikmf]6s kbfy{ jf To;sf] c+z jfsRrf kbfy{ h:tf ;fdfgx? u}/sfg"gL ?kdf cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ ] sfo{ /f]Sg] ;DaGwdf cGtl/d;/sf/n] ;'/Iff lgsfo kl/rfng u/L u:tL ug{, vfgtnf;L ug{ jf j/fdbL ug{ ;Sg]5 .%=!=# s'g} klg JolQm jf ;d"x cj}w xft xltof/, uf]nLuf / ljikmf]6s kbfy{ ;fydf lnO{cfjthfjt ug{ ] 5}gg\ .%=!=$ b'j} kIf o'4sf] ;dodf k|of]u ul/Psf w/fk tyf af?bL ;'?Ëx?sf] /]vfÍg, e08f/0f #)lbgleq Ps csf{nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg / ^) lbgleq lgis[o / lgd" {n ug{ Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]uug{ ]5g\ .%=!=% s'g} klg gful/s ;ef jf /fhg}lts ;ef jf ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf b'j} kIfsf ;]gf xltof/jf sDJof6 kf]zfs;lxt pkl:yt x'g] 5}gg\ .%=!=^ g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/Ln] hgcfGbf]ng / zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] dd{ / efjgf cg'?k tyfk|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd sfg"g Joj:yf / zflGt ;'Joj:yf Pj+ ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{ rfn'/fVg]5 .%=!=& Ps kIfsf ;z:q JolQmn] csf{ ] kIfsf ;z:q JolQmnfO{ …zq'Ú egL ;Daf]wg ug{ / Jojxf/ug{ ;d]t /f]s nufpg] u/L cf–cfˆgf ;z:q lgsfo / JolQmnfO{ kl/kq ug{ ]5g\ .%=!=* ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf sAhf ul/Psf, tfnf nufOPsf jf k|of]u ug{ glbOPsf ;/sf/L,;fj{hlgs, lghL ejg, hldg tyf cGo ;DklQx? nut v8f u/L tTsfn lkmtf{ ug{ b'j} kIf;xdlt JoQm ub{5g\ .%=@l:ylt ;fdfGoLs/0fsf pkfox?M%=@==! OR5f ljk/Lt tyf k|rlnt sfg'g k|lts"n gub tyf lhG;L ;+sng / s/ c;"nL ug{kfOg] 5}g .%=@==@ cfˆgf sAhfdf /x]sf dflg;x?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs u/L !% lbgleq ;a}nfO{d'Qm ug{ b'j} kIf d~h'/ ub{5g\ .287

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS5.2.3. Both sides agree to make public the information about the real name,surname and address of the people who were disappeared by both sides andwho were killed during the war and to inform also the family about it within60 days from the date on which this Accord has been signed.5.2.4. Both sides agree to maintain peace in the society while normalizing theadverse situation created by the armed conflict and to form a National Peaceand Rehabilitation Commission to carry out relief work for the peoplevictimized and displaced by the war and to rehabilitate them.5.2.5. Both sides agree to constitute a High-level Truth and ReconciliationCommission through mutual agreement in order to investigate truth aboutthose who have seriously violated human rights and those who were involvedin crimes against humanity in course of the war and to create an environmentfor reconciliation in the society.5.2.6. Both sides pledge to renounce war, attack, counter-attack, violence andcounter-violence of all forms in the country with a commitment to ensuredemocracy, peace and progressive change in the Nepali society. There is anunderstanding between the two sides in the matter of assisting one another inpeace building and maintaining law and order.5.2.7. Both sides guarantee to withdraw accusations, claims, complaints andcases under consideration alleged against various individuals due to politicalreasons and to make immediately public the state of those who are in detentionand to release them immediately.5.2.8. Both sides express their commitment to allow the persons displaced dueto the armed conflict to return back voluntarily to their respective ancestral orprevious places of residence without any political prejudice, to reconstruct theinfrastructure destroyed as a result of the conflict and to rehabilitate andsocialize the displaced persons with due respect.5.2.9. Both sides agree to resolve the problems occurred in the above mentionedcontext on the basis of mutual agreement and to take responsibility in anindividual and collective manner for the task to create favourable environmentfor normalization of mutual relations and reconciliation and to implement itwith the help of all political parties, civil society and also local organizations.288

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt%=@=# b'j} kIfåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx?sf] tyf o'4sf] ;dodf dfl/Psfx?sf] jf:tljs gfd,y/ / 3/sf] 7]ufgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbgleq ;"rgfx? ;fj{hlgs u/L kl/jf/hgnfO{;d]t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg d~h'/ ub{5g\ .%=@=$ b'j} kIf ;z:q åGåaf6 pTkGg ljifd kl/l:yltnfO{ ;fdfGoLs/0f ub{ } ;dfhdf zflGtsfod u/fpg tyf o'4af6 kLl8t / lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] nflu /fxt sfo{ / k'g:yf{kg u/fpg/fli6«o zflGt tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]u u7g ug{ / To;dfkm{t\ o;;DaGwL sfd cufl8 a9fpg;xdt 5g\ .%=@=% b'j} kIf ;z:q åGåsf qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNn+3g ug] { tyf dfgjtf lj?4sf]ck/fwdf ;+nUgx?sf] af/]df ;To cGj]if0f ug{ / ;dfhdf d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{cfk;L ;xdltaf6 pRr:t/Lo ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]usf] u7g ug{ ;xdt 5g\ .%=@=^ b'j} kIf g]kfnL ;dfhdf nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|ufdL kl/jt{g ;'lglZrt ug] { k|ltj4tfsf;fy b]zdf ljBdfg ;a} :j?ksf o'4, cfqmd0f, k|Tofqmd0f, lx+;f / k|ltlx+;f kl/Tofu ug] { k|lt1fub{5g\ . zflGt :yfkgf / zflGt ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yfdf b'j} kIfn] Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug] { s'/fdf;xdlt /x]sf] 5 .%=@=& b'j} kIf ljleGg JolQmx?nfO{ /fhgLlts sf/0fn] nufOPsf cf/f]k, bfjL, ph'/L / ljrf/fwLg/x]sf d'2fdfldnf lkmtf{ lng / y'gfdf /flvPsf aGbLx?sf] l:ylt tTsfn} ;fj{hlgs u/L t'?Gtl/xf ul/g] Uof/]G6L ub{5g\ .%=@=* b'j} kIf ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ /fhgLlts k"jf{u|x lagf :j]R5fn] cf–cfˆgf] k}t[s jf k"j{ a;f]af;sf] :yfgdf kms{g lbg, o'4sf sf/0fn] gi6 ePsf k"jf{wf/x?k'glg{df{0f ug{ / lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ ;;Ddfg k'g{:yfkgf tyf ;fdfhLs/0f ug{ k|ltj4tfJoQm ub{5g\ .%=@=( pk/f]Qm ;Gbe{df pTkGg ;d:ofx? cfk;L ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;dfwfg ug{ Pj+ cfk;L;DaGw ;fdfGoLs/0f tyf d]nldnfk ug{ cg's'n jftfj/0f >[hgf ug{ ] sfo{df ;a} /fhlgltsbnx?, gful/s ;dfh / :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;d]tsf] ;xof]udf JolQmut tyf ;fd"lxs ?kdfpQ/bfloTj lnO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ .289

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS5.2.10. Both sides express their commitment not to discriminate against andplace any kind of pressure on other members of the family for associating witha member of the family of one or the other side.5.2.11. Both sides agree not to create any kind of obstacle and not to allow anykind of obstruction to be created for the employees of the Government of Nepaland public agencies in the course of travelling freely to any part of the countryto fulfill their duties and to perform their business and to extend cooperation tothem to perform their duties.5.2.12. Both sides agree to allow the United Nations, International DonorAgencies and Diplomatic Missions based in Nepal, national and internationalnon-government organizations, press, human rights activists, election observersand foreign tourists unrestricted movement in the State of Nepal in accordancewith law.5.2.13. Both sides are committed to operate publicity programmes in a decentand respectable manner.6. End of War6.1. We hereby declare the end of the armed war going on since 1995, givingpermanency to the ongoing ceasefire reached between the Government andthe Maoists on the basis of the historic agreement concluded between the SevenPolitical Parties and the CPN (Maoist) on November 8, 2006.6.2. The decision taken by the meeting of high level leaders of the Seven PoliticalParties and the CPN (Maoist) on November 8, 2006 shall be the main policybasis for long term peace.6.3. After confining the Nepal Army in the barracks and the Maoist Armycombatants in the cantonments, holding and displacing the arms, creating fearand threat and use of any type of violence and arms contrary to theunderstanding, agreements and law shall legally be punishable.6.4. Armies of both sides shall not be allowed to publicize for or against anyparty and to go for or against of any side. However, they shall not be deprivedof their voting rights.290

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt%=@=!) b'j} kIf kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:o Ps csf{ kIf;Fu ;Dj4 ePsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf cGo;b:ox?dfly s'g} klg lje]b gug{ / s'g} klg bjfj glbg k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub{5g\ .%=@=!! g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ b]zsf] s'g} klg efudf :jtGq?kdf cfjthfjt ug{, cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ug{ tyf cfkm\gf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] qmddf ltgLx?nfO{s'g} klg lsl;dsf] jfwf cj/f]w v8f gug{ / To:tf] cj/f]w v8f x'g glbg tyf pgLx?sf] sfddf;xof]u ug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ .%=@=!@ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;d'bfo nufot g]kfn l:yt s"6g}lts lgof]u, /fli6«ojf cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, k| ];, dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?, lgjf{rg ko{j]Ifs tyf ljb]zLko{6sx?nfO{ g]kfn /fHoleq sfg'g adf]lhd lgjf{w cfjt hfjt ug{ lbg] s'/fdf b'j} kIf ;xdt5g\ .%=@=!# b'j} kIf k|rf/–k|;f/sf sfo{qmdx? lzi6 / dof{lbt 9Ën] ;~rfng ug{ k|ltj4 5g\ .^= o'4 ;dflKt^=! @)^# sflt{s @@ ut] ;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg P]ltxfl;s;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLaLr rfn' o'4lj/fdnfO{ :yfoL ?k lbb} @)%@ ;fnb]lvrlncfPsf] ;z:q o'4 ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f} + .^=@ ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf zLif{ g]tfx?sf] @)^# ;fn sflt{s @@ ut]sf] a}7saf6ePsf lg0f{ox? bL3{sfnLg zflGtsf] nflu d"n gLltut cfwf/ x'g]5g\ .^=# g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sdf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? c:yfoL lzlj/df cfO;s]kl5 ;xdlt,;Demf}tf / sfg'g k|lts"n xltof/ /fVg, k|bz{g, 8/qf; / s'g} klg ?kdf lx+;f / xltof/sf] k|of]uug{ sfg"gtM b08gLo x'g]5 .^=$ b'j} kIfsf ;]gfn] s;}sf] kIf jf ljkIfdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ / kIf ljkIfdf nfUg kfpg] 5}gg\ .t/ pgLx?nfO{ dtflwsf/af6 al~rt ul/g]5}g .291

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS7. Observance of Human Rights, Fundamental Rights and HumanitarianLawRemaining committed to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948,international humanitarian law and fundamental principles and norms concerninghuman rights, both sides express their consent to the following issues-7.1. Human Rights7.1.1. Both sides reconfirm their commitment to the respect and protection ofhuman rights and commitment to the international humanitarian law andaccept that nobody shall be discriminated on the basis of colour, gender,language, religion, age, race, national or social origin, wealth, disability, birthor any other status, opinion or faith.7.1.2. Both sides agree to create an atmosphere for the Nepali people to enjoytheir civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and are committed tocreate an atmosphere where such rights are not violated in the future underany condition.7.1.3. Both sides express the commitment that impartial investigation and actionshall be carried out in accordance with law against the persons responsible forcreating obstructions to exercise the rights stated in the Accord and ensure thatimpunity shall not be encouraged. Apart from this, they also ensure the rightsof the victims of conflict and torture and the rights of the family of disappearedpersons to obtain relief.7.1.4. Both sides shall not carry out acts of torture, kidnapping and forced laboragainst the public in general and shall also take necessary action to discouragesuch acts.7.1.5. Both sides shall, on the basis of norms and values of secularism, respectsocial, cultural and religious sensitivity, religious sites and the religious faithof individuals.7.2. Right to Life7.2.1. Both sides respect and protect an individual's fundamental right to life.No one shall be deprived of this fundamental right and no law shall be madethat provides for capital punishment.292

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt&= dfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg"gsf] kl/kfngfdfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg"g / dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwLcfwf/e"t l;4fGt / dfGotfx?k|lt k|ltj4 /xFb} b'j} kIf b]xfosf ljifox?df cfkm\gf] ;xdlt hgfpF5g\ M&=!dfgj clwsf/ M&=!=! b'j} kIfn] dfgj clwsf/k|ltsf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg"gk|ltsf]k|ltj4tfsf] k'gMk'li6 ub{5g\ / s'g} klg JolQm pk/ j0f{, lnË, efiff, wd{, pd]/, hft hflt,/fli6«o jf ;fdflhs pTklQ, ;DklQ, ckfËtf, hGd / cGo x}l;ot, ljrf/ jf cf:yfsf] cfwf/dfe]befj x'g' x' Fb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5g\ .&=!=@ b'j} kIf g]kfnL hgtfsf] gful/s, /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf]pkef]u ug{ ] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;xdt 5g\ / eljiodf s'g} klg cj:yfdf o:tf clwsf/ xgggx'g] jftfj/0f agfpg k|ltj4 5g\ .&=!=# b'j} kIf ;Demf}tf kqdf pNn]v ePsf clwsf/sf] pkef]udf afwf k'¥ofpg] lhDd]jf/JolQmx? dfly sfg'g cg';f/ lgikIf 5fgjLg tyf sf/jfxL x'g]5 egL k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ub{5g\ /b08xLgtfnfO{ k|>o glbg] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ub{5g\ . o;sf ;fy} åGå / oftgf kLl8t tyfj]kQf kfl/Psfx?sf] kl/jf/sf] /fxt k|fKt ug{ ] clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t ;'lglZrt ub{5g\ .&=!=$ b'j} kIfn] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ oftgf lbg], ckx/0f ug{ ], ha/h:tL s'g} sfddf nufpg] sfdug] { 5}gg\ / To:tf sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ cfjZos sf/jfxL ;d]t ug{ ]5g\ .&=!=% b'j} kIfn] wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] d"No dfGotfsf cfwf/df s'g} klg ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s;+j]bgzLntf, wfld{s :yn / JolQmsf] wfld{s cf:yfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ ]5g\ .&=@af“Rg kfpg] clwsf/ M&=@=!= b'j} kIfn] JolQmsf] afFRg kfpg] cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ub{5g\ . s;}nfO{klg of] cfwf/e"t clwsf/af6 al~rt ul/g] 5}g tyf d[To'b08 lbOg] u/L s'g} klg sfg'g agfOg]5}g .293

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS7.3. Right to Individual Dignity, Freedom and Movement7.3.1. Both sides respect and protect the right to individual dignity. In thisconnection, no person including those deprived of their freedom in accordancewith the law shall be subjected to torture or any other cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment or punishment. The citizens' right to privacy shall berespected by law.7.3.2. Both sides shall, respecting fully the individual's right to freedom andsecurity, not keep anyone under arbitrary or illegal detention, kidnap or takehostages. Both sides agree to make public the status of every disappearedperson and those held captive and inform the family members, legal advisorsand other authorized persons of matters related thereto.7.3.3. Both sides respect and protect right to freedom of movement, freedom tochoose the place of residence, subject to legal norms and express the commitmentto respect the right of the persons displaced by the conflict and their families toreturn back to their original residence or to settle in any other places of theirchoice.7.4. Civil and Political Rights7.4.1. Both sides are committed to respect and protect every person's freedom ofopinion, expression, to form union and association and to assemble peaceablyand the right against exploitation.7.4.2. Both sides respect the right of every citizen to take part directly or throughone's nominated representative in the matters of public concern, to cast vote, tobe elected and to enjoy the right to equality of entering into public service.7.4.3. Both sides are committed to respect the person's right to be informed.7.5. Socio-economic Rights7.5.1. Both sides are committed to respect and protect a person's rights tolivelihood through freely chosen or accepted employment.7.5.2. Both sides are committed to respect and guarantee the rights to foodsovereignty of all people. They ensure that no interference shall be made in use,transportation and distribution of food grains and food products.294

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt&=#j}olQms dof{bf, :jtGqtf / cfjthfjtsf] clwsf/&=#=!= b'j} kIfn] j}olQms dof{bfsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / /Iff ub{5g\ . o; l;nl;nfdf sfg"gadf]lhd :jtGqtfsf] pkef]u ug{af6 al~rt JolQm nufot sf]xL klg oftgf jf cGo q'm/,cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ jf ;hfosf kfq x'g] 5}gg\ . sfg'gtM gful/ssf] uf]kgLotfsf]clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g]5 .&=#=@= b'j} kIfn] JolQmsf] :jtGqtf / ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/sf] k"0f{ ;Ddfg ub} { s;}nfO{ klg:j]R5frf/L jf u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /fVg], ckx/0f ug] { jf aGws agfpg] 5}gg\ . b'j} kIfn] a]kQfkf/]sf / sAhfdf /fv]sf k|To]s JolQms]f cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug{ / ltgLx?sf kl/jf/hg, sfg"gL;Nnfxsf/ / cGo cflwsfl/s JolQmnfO{ o;;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/L lbg ;xdt 5g\ .&=#=# b'j} kIfn] k|To]s gful/ssf] :jtGqtfk"j{s cfjthfjt ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ tyf cfˆgf]a;f]af;sf] :yfg sfg'gL dof{bfdf /xL 5fGg] :jtGqtfnfO{ ;Ddfg tyf ;+/If0f ub} { åGåaf6lj:yflkt ePsf JolQm / lghsf kl/jf/x? cfˆgf] d"n af;:yfgdf kms{g kfpg] jf ltgLx?n]rfx] cg';f/ cGo s'g} 7fpFdf a;f]af; ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ ] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g\ .&=$gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/&=$=! b'j} kIf k|To]s JolQmsf] ljrf/, cleJolQm, ;+3;+:yf vf]Ng] tyf zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g]:jtGqtf tyf zf]if0f lj?4sf] xssf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug{ k|ltj4 5g\ .&=$=@ b'j} kIf k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|ToIf jf cfk"mn] OR5fPsf] k|ltlglw dfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf efu lng], dtbfg ug{ ], lgjf{lrt x'g] / ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf k|j]zsf] ;dfgtfsf]clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub{5g\ .&=$=# b'j} kIf JolQmsf] ;';"lrt x'g] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ k|ltj4 5g\ .&=%cfly{s– ;fdflhs clwsf/&=%=! JolQmn] :jtGq?kn] 5fg]sf] jf :jLsf/]sf] /f]huf/L u/L hLjg ofkg ug{ ] clwsf/sf];Ddfg tyf ;+/If0f ug{ b'j} kIf k|ltj4 5g\ .&=%=@= b'j} kIf ;a} hgtfsf] vfB ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xssf] ;Ddfg Pjd\ k|Tofe"lt ug{ k|ltj4 5g\ .vfBj:t', vfB pTkfbg, vfBfGgsf] k|of]u, cf];f/k;f/ tyf ljt/0f sfo{df s'g} x:tIf]k gul/g];'lglZrttf ub{5g\ .295

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS7.5.3. Both sides acknowledge that the right to health of the citizen must berespected and protected. Both sides shall not hinder the supply and assistanceof medicine and health related campaigns, and express their commitment tothe treatment and rehabilitation of those injured during the conflict.7.5.4. Realizing that the right to education for all should be ensured andrespected, both sides are committed to maintain appropriate academicenvironment in educational institutions. Both sides agree to guarantee that theright to education shall not be violated. They agree to immediately put an endto activities like taking educational institutions under control and using them,causing teachers and students to be disappeared or taking them under controlor abduction and not to establish military barracks in the schools and hospitalsin a way so that it would affect them.7.5.5. Both sides agree that private property of any person shall not be seized orcontrolled except in accordance with law.7.5.6. Both sides believe in giving continuity to productive activities withoutdisturbing the industrial environment in the country, respecting the right tocollective bargaining and social security in the industrial enterprises,encouraging industrial enterprises and labourers to solve problems that arisebetween them, if any, in a peaceful manner and respect the right to workdetermined by the International Labor Organization.7.6. Rights of Women and Children7.6.1. Both sides fully agree to provide special protection to the rights of womenand children, to immediately prohibit all types of violence against women andchildren, including child labor, as well as sexual exploitation and harassment,and not to include or use children who are eighteen years or below. Childrenso affected shall, be rescued immediately and necessary and appropriateassistance shall be provided for their rehabilitation.7.7. Right to Personal Liberty7.7.1. Both sides agree to the freedom of belief and opinion, freedom of speechand publication, freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms, freedom ofmovement, freedom to practise any profession or occupation of one's choice,freedom to acquire and use property, freedom to participate in peaceful politicalactivities, freedom to be equal before the law; and to operate or cause to beoperated a tolerant system of justice.296

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt&=%=# b'j} kIf gful/ssf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL xssf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug' {k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ftub{5g\ . b'j} kIfn] cf}iflwsf] cfk"lt{, ;xfotf Pjd\ :jf:Yo;DaGwL cleofgdf afwf k'¥ofpg] 5}gg\/ åGåsf] sf/0faf6 3fOt] ePsfx?sf] cf}iflw pkrf/ ug{ Pj+ k'g{:yfkgfsf] sfo{ ug{ k|ltj4tfJoQm ub{5g\ .&=%=$ b'j} kIfn] ;a}nfO{ lzIff;DaGwL clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt / ;Ddfg ug' {k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{cfTd;ft ub} lzIf0f ;+:yfdf pko'Qm z}lIfs jftfj/0f sfod ug{ k|ltj4 5g\ . b'j} kIflzIff;DaGwL xssf] pNn+3g gx'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;xdt 5g\ . lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ sAhfdflng] Pjd\ k|of]u ug{ ] / lzIfs ljBfyL{x?nfO{ a]kQf kfg{ ] jf sAhf jf ckx/0f ug{ ] sfo{ tTsfn/f]Sg / ljBfno tyf c:ktfnnfO{ c;/ kfg] { u/L ;}Go Jof/]s g/fVg ;xdlt JoQm ub{5g\ .&=%=%=sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s;}sf] klg JolQmut ;DklQ hkmt jf sAhf ul/g] 5}g eGg] s'/fdfb'j} kIf ;xdlt JoQm ub{5g\ .&=%=^ b'j} kIf d'n'sdf cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0fnfO{ gvNaNofO{ pTkfbg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg,cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf] xs Pj+ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] ;Ddfg ug{, cf}Bf]lusk|lti7fg / >ldsaLr s'g} ;d:of pTkGg ePdf pgLx?nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgug{ k| ]l/t ug{ ] s'/fdf ljZjf; ub{5g\ / cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] to u/]sf] sfdsf] clwsf/sf];Ddfg ub{5g\ .&=^&=&=dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/&=^=! b'j} kIf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf clwsf/x?sf] ljz]if ;+/If0f ug{, s'g} klg k|sf/sf]of}ghGo zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/ nufot dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] afn>d nufotsf ;a}vfn] lx+;fTds sfo{x?dfly tTsfn /f]s nufpg / c7f/ jif{ jf ;f]eGbf d'lgsf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{s'g} klg ;}Goandf ;dfj]z jf pkof]u gug{ k"0f{ ?kdf ;xdt 5g\ . o;/L k|efljt afnaflnsfx?t'?Gt p4f/ ul/g] 5g\ / ltgLx?sf] k'g:yf{kgsf] nflu cfjZos / oyf]lrt ;xof]u k|bfgul/g]5 .j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/&=&=!= b'j} kIf cf:yf / ljrf/sf] :jtGqtf, jfs tyf k|sfzg :jtGqtf, zflGtk"j{s / lagfxftxltof/ e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf, cfjfudgsf] :jtGqtf, cfkm"v'zL k]zf Joj;fo ug{, ;DklQcfh{g / ef]urng ug] { :jtGqtf, zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLlts s[ofsnfkdf ;xefuL x'g] :jtGqtf,sfg'gsf] gh/df ;a} ;dfg x'g] / ;lxi0f'tfk"0f{ Gofo Joj:yf ;~rfng ug{ u/fpg ;xdt 5g\ .297

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS8. Mechanism for Dispute Settlement and Implementation8.1. Both sides express their consent to be individually and collectivelyresponsible for not repeating past mistakes in the future, and for correctingthem gradually.8.2. The National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission may createmechanisms as necessary to make the peace campaign a success. Theconstitution and procedures of the Commission shall be as determined by theInterim Council of Ministers.8.3. Both sides are committed to resolve all types of mutual differences orproblems that may arise at present and in the future through mutual dialogue,understanding, agreements and negotiations.8.4. Both sides express their commitment to the fact that the Interim Council ofMinisters shall, in order to implement this Accord, the Interim Constitutionand all the decisions, agreements and understandings concluded between theSeven Political Parties, the Government of Nepal and the CPN (Maoist),constitute the National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission, the Truth andReconciliation Commission, a High-level Recommendation Commission forthe Restructuring of the State and other mechanisms as needed, and maydetermine their working procedures.9. Implementation and MonitoringBoth sides agree to the following arrangements for the implementation and themonitoring of the agreement referred to in this Accord -9.1. Both sides agree to give continuity to the task for monitoring provisionsconcerning human rights referred to in this Accord by the Nepal based UnitedNations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.9.2. Both sides agree to cause to be monitored the management of armies andthe arms by the United Nations Mission in Nepal as referred to in the five-pointletter sent to the United Nations earlier and in this Accord and express theircommitment to assist therein.9.3. Both sides agree to cause the election of the Constituent Assembly to besupervised by the United Nations. [Both sides agree to cause the election of theConstituent Assembly to be observed by the United Nations.]298

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt*= dte]b lg?k0f tyf sfof{Gjog ;+oGqM*=! b'j} kIf ljutdf eP u/]sf q'l6x?nfO{ eljiodf gbf]xf]¥ofpg] / qmlds ?kdf ;Rof+pb} n}hfg]u/L j}olQms Pjd\ ;fd"lxs ?kdf pQ/bfoL x'g] ;xdlt k|s6 ub{5g\ .*=@ /fli6«o zflGt tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] zflGt cleofgnfO{ ;kmn agfpg cfjZostf cg';f/;+oGqx?sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . cfof]usf] u7g / sfo{ljlw cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] to u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 .*=# b'j} kIf jt{dfg / eljiodf x'g ;Sg] ;a} lsl;dsf kf/:kl/s dte]b jf ;d:ofnfO{ cfk;L;Djfb, ;dembf/L, ;xdlt tyf jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ k|ltj4 5g\ .*=$ of] ;Demf}tf, cGtl/d ;+ljwfg tyf ;ft bn Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLrePsf ;a} lg0f{o, ;xdlt / ;dembf/Lx? sfof{Gjog ug{ cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fli6«o zflGttyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]u, ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u, /fHosf] k'g;{ +/rgf ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo;'emfj cfof]u nufot cfjZostf cg';f/sf cGo ;+oGqx?sf] u7g ug] { / ltgLx?sf] sfo{ljlwlgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] s'/fdf b'j} kIf k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5g\ .(= sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgo; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf ;xdltsf] sfof{Gjog tyf To;sf] cg'udgsf] nflu lgDg Joj:yf ug{b'j} kIf ;xdt ePsf 5g\ –(=! b'j} kIf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] g]kfn l:yt sfof{noaf6 o;;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?sf] cg'udgsf] sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg;xdt 5g\ .(=@ b'j} kIf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] g]kfn l:yt ldzgaf6 k"j{ k| ]lift kfFr a' Fb] kq / o; ;Demf}tfdfpNn]v eP cg';f/ ;}Go tyf xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg u/fpg ;xdt 5g\ / To; sfo{df;xof]u k'¥ofpg k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g\ .(=# b'j} kIf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3af6 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ko{j]If0f u/fpg ;xdt 5g\ .299

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS9.4. The National Human Rights Commission shall, in addition to itsresponsibilities as determined by law, also carry out such works as are relatedto the monitoring of human rights as referred to in this Accord. The saidCommission in the course of performance of its business may coordinate withnational and international institutions concerning human rights and obtainnecessary help.9.5. Both sides agree to receive the reports submitted by all abovementionedbodies, to provide information requested by them, and to implement thesuggestions and recommendations provided by them on the basis of agreementsand discussions.10. Miscellaneous10.1. Both sides agree not to operate parallel or other forms of mechanism inany areas of the State or Government machinery as per the spirit of the decisionsof November 8, 2006 and the essence of the Peace Accord.10.2. Both sides agree to sign any complementary agreements, as per necessity,for the implementation of the present Accord.10.3. This Accord may be amended at any time with the agreement of bothsides. Both sides agree to provide the other party with a written notice of theamendment if a party desires to amend it. Amendment to the Accord may bemade with the agreement of both sides after receiving such a notice. Theprovisions to be made by such an amendment shall not be below than that ofthe minimum standards of recognized international human rights andhumanitarian laws and the main spirit for establishment of peace.10.4. If any dispute arises in the interpretation of this Accord, a joint mechanismconsisting of both sides shall make the interpretation on the basis of the preambleand the documents included in the annex to this Accord, and such aninterpretation shall be final.10.5. The concept of "two sides" and the "situation" as referred to in this Accordshall, ipso facto, cease after the constitution of the Interim Legislature-Parliament.Thereafter, all responsibility for implementing the obligations referred to inthis Accord shall be as per the arrangements made by the Interim Council ofMinisters. It shall be the duty and responsibility of all political parties to extendcooperation in the compliance and implementation of the Accord.300

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt(=$ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] sfg"g adf]lhd lgjf{x ug' {kg{ ] bfloTjsf ;fy} o; ;Demf}tfdfpNn]v ul/Psf dfgj clwsf/ cg'udg ;DaGwL sfo{x? klg ;Dkfbg ug] {5 . cfof]un] cfkm\gf]sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug] { qmddf dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yf;Fu cfjZos;dGjo u/L ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 .(=% dfly pNn]lvt ;a} lgsfon] lbPsf k|ltj]bgx? a'‰g, cg'/f]w u/]sf ;"rgfx? pknAwu/fpg tyf ltgn] lbPsf ;'emfj tyf l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjog ;xdlt / 5nkmnsf] cfwf/dfug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ .!)= ljljwM!)=! sflt{s @@ ut]sf] lg0f{osf] dd{ / zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] efjgf cg'?k ;/sf/ jf /fHo;+oGqsf s'g} klg If]qdf ;dfgfGt/ jf cGo :j?ksf] ;+oGq ;~rfng gug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ .!)=@ b'j} kIf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZostfg';f/ cGo k"/s ;xdltx?dfx:tfIf/ ug{ d~h'/ ub{5g\ .!)=# b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltaf6 k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf s'g} klg ;dodf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ;+zf]wgug{ rfx]df ;f] sf] lnlvt ;"rgf csf] { kIfnfO{ k|bfg ug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ . To;/L ;"rgf k|fKtePkl5 b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltaf6 ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg]5 . To:tf] ;+zf]wgn] ug] { Joj:yf dfGotf k|fKtGo"gtd cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, dfgjLo sfg"gsf] dfkb08 tyf zflGt :yfkgfsf] d"ndd{eGbf Go"g x'g] 5}g .!)=$ of] ;Demf}tfsf] s'g} JofVofdf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf of] ;Demf}tfsf] k|:tfjgf / cg';"rLdf;ª\nUg b:tfj]hx?sf cfwf/df b'j} kIf ;lDdlnt ;+o'Qm ;+oGqn] JofVof ug] { 5 / of] JofVofclGtd x'g]5 .!)=% cGtl/d Joj:yflksf–;+;b u7g ePkl5 o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt …b'O{ kIfÚ sf] cjwf/0fftyf l:ylt :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 . o;kl5 o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ cleef/f sfof{Gjog ug]u/fpg] bfloTj cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] Joj:yf u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf tyfsfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?sf] sQ{Jo tyf lhDd]jf/L x'g]5 .301

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS10.6. At a time when the entire country is centred on the main campaign of theelection to the Constituent Assembly, we hereby heartily request all to resolvetheir problems and demands through dialogue and negotiation and to extendcooperation to the election of the Constituent Assembly and to the peace andsecurity situation.10.7. We hereby heartily appeal to civil society, professional groups, people'sclass organizations, media communities, intellectuals and all Nepali people toactively participate in this historic campaign to build a New Democratic Nepaland to establish sustainable peace through the elections of the ConstituentAssembly by ending the armed conflict.10.8. We heartily urge all the friendly nations and also the InternationalCommunity including the United Nations Organization to extend their supportto Nepal in this campaign for establishing full democracy and sustainablepeace in the country. Taking cognizance of the responsibility for the future ofthe country and people, and being fully committed to the text of thisComprehensive Peace Accord, we hereby execute this Peace Accord on behalfof the Government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), andmake this Comprehensive Peace Accord public.PrachandaChairpersonCommunist Party of Nepal (Maoist)Girija Prasad KoiralaPrime MinisterGovernment of NepalDone on November 21, 2006302

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!)=^ l;Ëf] d'n's ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] d'Vo cleofgdf s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] a]nf cfkm\gf;d:of / dfux?nfO{ ;+jfb / jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ tyf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg tyfzflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:yltnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;a}df xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f} + .!)=& ;z:q åGånfO{ cGTo ub} { ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgåf/f gofF nf]stflGqs g]kfnsf] lgdf{0ftyf lbuf] zflGt +:yfkgfsf] of] P]ltxfl;s cleofgdf ;s[o ;xeflutf hgfO{ ;kmn agfpggful/s ;dfh, k]zfut ;d'bfo, hgjuL{o ;Ëu7gx?, kqsf/ hut, j'l4hLjLx? / cfd g]kfnLhg;d'bfodf xflb{s ckLn ub{5f} + .!)=* k"0f{ nf]stGq / lbuf] zflGt :yfkgfsf] of] cleofgdf g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;a} ldq/fi6«x? tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3 nufot cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfonfO{ xflb{s cfu|x ub{5f} + . b]z /hgtfsf] eljiok|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L af]w ub} { / o; lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf k|lt k"0f{ k|lta4 x' +b}xfdL–g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf tk{maf6 x:tfIf/ u/L of] lj:t[tzflGt ;Demf}tf ;fj{hlgs ub{5f+ } .k|r08cWoIfg]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnfk|wfgdGqLg]kfn ;/sf/x:tfIf/ ldlt M–@)^#÷*÷%303

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSAGREEMENT ON MONITORING OF THEMANAGEMENT OF ARMS AND ARMIES8 DECEMBER 2006PreambleIn keeping with the letters to the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General of 9August and the Comprehensive Peace Accord of 21 November 2006;Guaranteeing the fundamental right of the Nepali people to take part in theconstituent assembly elections in a free and fair environment without fear;Declaring the beginning of a new chapter of peaceful democratic interactionby ending the armed conflict taking place in the country since 1996, based onthe Comprehensive Peace Accord between the two parties in order toaccomplish, through the constituent assembly, certainty of sovereignty of theNepali people, progressive political outlet [solution], democratic restructuringof the state, and socio-economic-cultural transformation; and,Affirming the will to fully observe the terms of this bilateral agreement witnessedby the United NationsThe parties agree to seek UN assistance in monitoring the management of thearms and armies of both sides by the deployment of qualified UN civilianpersonnel to monitor, according to international norms, the confinement ofMaoist army combatants and their weapons within designated cantonmentareas and monitor the Nepal Army (NA) to ensure that it remains in its barracksand its weapons are not used against any side.1. Modalities of the Agreement1.1 PrinciplesNeither of the parties shall engage in movement or redeployment of forces resultingin tactical or strategic advantage.304

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtg]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{-dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf] xltof/ / ;]gfJoj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;Demf}tf, @)^#k|:tfjgf;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf dxf;lrjnfO{ k| ]lift @$ ;fpg -( cu:6_ sf] kq tyf % d+l;/ @)^# -@!gf]e]Da/ @))^_ sf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf Joj:yfx?nfO{ Wofgdf /fVb},:jtGq, lgikIf / eod'Qm jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf efu lng kfpg] g]kfnL hgtfsf]df}lns clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ub} {,;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] ;'lglZrttf, cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;,/fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'g;{ +/rgf / ;fdflhs–cfly{s–;fF:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ug{ b'j} kIfaLr ePsf]lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] cfwf/df b]zdf @)%@ -!((^_ ;fnb]lv rNb} cfPsf] ;z:q åGånfO{cGTo u/L zflGtk"0f{ nf]stflGqs ;xsfo{sf] gofF cWofo k|f/De ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub} {, tyf;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] /f]xj/df ;DkGg ePsf] k|:t't låkIfLo ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? k"0f{ ?kdf kfngfug] { OR5fnfO{ k'li6 ub} {,dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? / pgLx?sf xltof/x? tf]lsPsf c:yfoL lzlj/x?df ;Lldt /x]sf]tyf g]kfnL ;]gf cfˆgf] Aof/]sleq ;Lldt /x]sf] / p;sf xltof/ s'g} klg kIf lj?4 k|of]ugePsf] cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfx? cg';f/ cg'udg ug{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf of]Uo u}/–;}lgs-l;lelnog_ sd{rf/Lx? v6fO{ b'j} kIfsf xltof/ / ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkg cg'udg ug{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ b'j} kIf dGh"/ ub{5g\ .!= ;Demf}tfsf sfo{ljlwx?!=! l;4fGtx?s'g} klg kIfn] o'4sf}znLo jf /0fgLlts kmfObf k|fKt ug] { u/L ;]gf kl/rfng ug] { jf k'gMkl/rfng ug]sfo{ ug] {5}g .305

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSAny claims or reports of violations of this agreement will be reported to UN monitors,substantiated or not substantiated, and subsequently reported to the parties throughthe appropriate representative of the UN Mission in Nepal.The security forces deployed by the interim government shall have authority toconduct routine patrol, explore in order to prevent illegal trafficking of the weapons,explosives or raw materials used in assembling weapons at the international borderor custom points and seize them.Both parties agree to allow the United Nations, international donor agencies anddiplomatic missions based in Nepal, national and international non-governmentalorganizations, press, human rights activists, election observers and foreign touriststo travel unrestricted according to law in the state of Nepal. The parties will ensurethe safety, security, freedom of movement and well-being of UN Mission andassociated personnel, goods and services in all parts of Nepal.The parties shall immediately take all necessary measures to cooperate with effortsaimed at controlling illicit trafficking of arms and the infiltration of armed groups.Both parties fully agree to not include or use children who are 18 years old andunder in the armed forces. Children thus affected would be immediately rescued andnecessary and appropriate assistance will be provided for their rehabilitation.1.2 DefinitionsThe following definitions are accepted(1) Cantonment (Maoist army) is a temporarily designated and clearly definedgeographical area for encampment and provision of services for the Maoistcombatant units including weapons, ammunition and equipment. Thecantonments are provided for all echelons of the Maoist army.(2) Barracking (NA) is the deployment of Nepal Army units to barracks, includingweapons, ammunition and equipment. No units below a company level willbe independently deployed unless for activities specified elsewhere in thisagreement or otherwise mutually agreed by the parties.(3) Secure arms storage areas are either military barracks with regular armourystores used for storage of weapons, munitions and explosives, or storagecontainers established in special perimeters at cantonment sites controlled andguarded by the responsible unit.306

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxto; ;Demf}tfsf] pNn‹g ul/Psf] s'g} klg hfgsf/L jf k|ltj]bg, ;f]sf] k|df0f ;+nUg u/L jf gu/L, ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udgstf{x?nfO{ lbOg]5 / To;kl5 g]kfnl:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]usf pko'Qmk|ltlglw dfkm{t kIfx?nfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbOg]5 .cGtl/d ;/sf/af6 kl/rfng ul/Psf ;'/Iff ann] cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf / eG;f/ ljGb'df xftxltof/,ljikmf]6s kbfy{ jf xftxltof/ agfpg k|of]u ul/g] sRrf kbfy{ u}/–sfg"gL ?kdf cf];f/k;f/ ug] { sfo{/f]syfd ug{ ] ;DaGwdf lgoldt ul:t ug{, vfgtnf;L ug{ / To:tf xftxltof/ jf kbfy{ hkmt ug{;Sg]5 .;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, g]kfnl:yt cGt/f{li6«o bft[ lgsfo / s"6gLlts lgof]ux?, /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, ;~rf/, dfgj clwsf/sdL{x?, lgjf{rg ko{j]Ifsx? tyf ljb]zL ko{6sx?nfO{ g]kfn/fHodf sfg"g adf]lhd lgjf{w ?kdf cfjfthfjt ug{ lbg] s'/fdf b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ . kIfx?n]g]kfnsf ;a} efux?df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]u / ;Da4 sd{rf/L, dfn;fdfg / ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff, ;+/If0f/ pgLx?sf] cfjthfjt ug] { :jtGqtf / lxt ;'lglZrt ug] {5g\ .kIfx?n] xftxltof/sf] u}/–sfg"gL cf];f/k;f/ / ;z:q ;d"xsf] 3';k}7 lgoGq0f ug] { p2]Zon] ul/Psfk|oTgx?df ;xof]u ug{ cfjZos ;a} pkfox? t'?Gt cjnDag ug] {5g\ .b'j} kIf c7f/ jif{ jf ;f]eGbf d'lgsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;}Go andf ;dfj]z jf pkof]u gug{ k"0f{ ?kdf;xdt 5g\ . o;/L k|efljt afnaflnsfx?sf] t'?Gt p4f/ ul/g]5 / ltgLx?sf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflucfjZos / pko'St ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g]5 .!=@ kl/efiffb]xfosf kl/efiffx? :jLsf/ ul/Psf 5g\ M-!_ æc:yfoL lzlj/ -dfcf]jfbL ;]gf_Æ eGgfn] xltof/, v/vhfgf / pks/0f nufot dfcf]jfbLn8fs' PsfO -o'lg6_ x?nfO{ /fVg / pgLx?nfO{ ;]jfx? pknJw u/fpgsf nflu c:yfoL ?kdftf]lsPsf] / :ki6 ?kdf kl/eflift ef}uf]lns If]q ;Demg' k5{ . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf ;a} txx?sfnflu c:yfoL lzlj/x? Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .-@_ æAof/]sdf /fVg] -g]kfnL ;]gf_Æ eGgfn] xltof/, v/vhfgf / pks/0f nufot g]kfnL ;]gfsfPsfO -o'lg6_ x?nfO{ Aof/]sdf /fVg] / v6fpg] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ . o; ;Demf}tfdf cGoq tf]lsPsflqmofsnfkx?sf nflu jf kIfx?aLr cfk;L ?kdf cGoyf ;xdlt ePsf]df afx]s u'Nd -sDkgL_eGbf tNnf] txsf] s'g} klg PsfO -o'lg6_ nfO{ :jtGq ?kdf kl/rfng ul/g] 5}g .-#_ æ;'/lIft xltof/ e08f/0f If]qx?Æ eGgfn] xltof/, uf]lnuf tyf ljikmf]6s kbfy{x?sf]e08f/0f ug{sf nflu k|of]u ul/Psf lgoldt uf]lnuf e08f/ ;lxtsf ;}lgs Aof/]sx? jflhDd]jf/ PsfO -o'lg6_ af6 lgolGqt / ;'/Iff lbOPsf c:yfoL lzlj/x?sf] ljz]if kl/lw-k]l/ld6/_ leq :yflkt e08f/0f sG6]g/x? ;Demg' kb{5 .307

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(4) "The parties" refers to the party of Government of Nepal (including theNepal Army) and the party of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), (includingthe Maoist Army.)(5) UN Monitoring refers to all efforts by the United Nations Mission to determinerelative [reciprocal] compliance with the terms spelled out in this agreementand to report to all the parties and others concerned its findings.(6) The Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee (JMCC) is the monitoring,reporting and coordinating body chaired by the UN with membership of theparties. The JMCC is responsible for supervising compliance by the partieswith this agreement in accordance with provision 6.1 of this agreement.(7) Joint Monitoring Teams (JMTs) are the bodies which will assist in monitoringthe cessation of hostilities. The Joint Monitoring Teams will be active at theregional and local level and in mobile teams. Each team will be comprised ofone UN monitor serving as team leader, one monitor from Nepal Army andone monitor from the Maoist Army. Joint Monitoring Teams will not be used forweapons storage inspections. Inspections at Maoist army cantonments willtake place with a UN monitoring team and a representative of the Maoist army.Inspections at Nepal Army barracks will take place with a UN monitoringteam and a Nepal Army representative.(8) Maoist army combatants: For purposes of this agreement this will includeregular active duty members of the Maoist army who joined service before 25May 2006, who are not minors and who are able to demonstrate their service,including by CPN(M) identity card and other means agreed by the parties.1.3 PromotionThe parties shall promote awareness of this agreement, and adherence to itsprovisions, among their commanders, members and affiliated groups.The parties, Government of Nepal, Nepal Army (NA), CPN(M) and the Maoist army,shall design, in cooperation with the UN Mission, an awareness programme to ensurethat local communities and the parties' commanders, members and affiliated groupsunderstand the mandate of the UN Mission and all of the obligations of the partiesspelled out in this agreement. The information programmes shall include the use ofmeetings and print and electronic media in local languages.308

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-$_ ækIfx?Æ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ -g]kfnL ;]gf ;d]t_ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_-dfcf]jfbL ;]gf ;d]t_ ;Demg' kb{5 .-%_ æ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udgÆ eGgfn] o; ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt zt{x?sf] ;fk]lIfs kl/kfngflgwf{/0f ug{ / ;a} kIfx? tyf cGo ;Da4 kIfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf 7x/x?sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]uaf6 ul/Psf ;a} k|oTgx? ;Demg' kb{5 .-^_ æ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltÆ eGgfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] cWoIftfdf ul7t b'j} kIfsf;b:ox? /x]sf] cg'udg, l/kf]l6{Ë / ;dGjo ;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 . kIfx?n] o; ;Demf}tfsf]kfngf u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf o; ;Demf}tfsf] wf/f ^=! sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm cg'dg ;dGjo;ldltn] ;'k/Lj]If0f ug] {5 .-&_ æ;+o'Qm cg'udg 6f]nLx?Æ eGgfn] zq'tfk"0f{ sfo{sf] cGTo (Cessation of Hostility) sf] cg'udgug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lgsfox? ;Demg' kb{5 . ;+o'Qm cg'udg 6f]nLx? If]qLo / :yfgLo txdf tyfdf]afOn 6f]nLx?df kl/rflnt x'g]5g\ . Pshgf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udgstf{ 6f]nL g]tf x'g]k|To]s 6f]nLdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Pshgf cg'udgstf{ / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] Pshgf cg'udgstf{/xg]5g\ . ;+o'Qm cg'udg 6f]nLx?nfO{ xltof/ e08f/0f lg/LIf0f ug{ ] sfo{df k|of]u ul/g] 5}g .;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udg 6f]nL / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] k|ltlglwn] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf /x]sf c:yfoLlzlj/x?sf] lg/LIf0f ug] {5g\ . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udg 6f]nL / g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k|ltlglwn] g]kfnL;]gfsf Aof/]sx?sf] lg/LIf0f ug] {5g\ .-*_ ædfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x?Æ eGgfn] o; ;Demf}tfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu !! h]7 @)^# -@% d]@))^_ eGbfcl3 ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf, aflnu / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] kl/rokq tyf kIfx?af6dGh"/ ul/Psf cGo dfWodx? ;d]taf6 cfˆgf] ;]jf k|bz{g ug{ ;Ifd, st{Jo kfngfdf lgoldt/ ;lqmo ?kdf vl6Psf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf ;b:ox? ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .!=# k|j4{gkIfx?n] cfˆgf sdf08/, ;b:o / ;Da4 ;d"xx?df o; ;Demf}tfsf] / o;sf Joj:yfx?sf] kl/kfngfsf];DaGwdf ;r]tgf k|a4{g ug] {5g\ .kIfx?, g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfnL ;]gf, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfn] :yfgLo ;d'bfo / kIfx?sfsdf08/, ;b:o / ;Da4 ;d"xx?n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo sfof{b]z tyf o; ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt kIfx?sf;Dk"0f{ bfloTjx? a'em]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{sf] lglDt ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]usf] ;xof]udf Ps ;r]tgfd"nssfo{qmd th' {df ug] {5g\ . hfgsf/Ld"ns sfo{qmdx?df :yfgLo efiffx?df a}7ssf sfdsf/jfxL ug] {,d'b|0f / ljB'tLo dfWodsf] k|of]u ug] { s'/fx? ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ .309

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS1.4 PhasesThis agreement shall come into force upon signing. Thereafter it shall be implementedin phases, as follows(1) Reporting and verification;(2) Redeployment and concentration of forces;(3) Maoist army cantonment, NA barracking and arms control; and,(4) Full compliance with the agreement.A full and practical timeline will be established by the parties for all of these activitiesto take place in consultation with the UN.2. Reporting and verificationThe parties will report detailed information about their troops and this informationwill be treated with appropriate confidentiality by the United Nations. The partieswill provide maps and sketches showing current dispositions, including(1) Order of battle/military structure, organisation, deployment and numberof troops;(2) Minefields, landmines, unexploded ordnance, standard explosives,improvised explosive devices and exact location of such items;(3) All necessary information about roads, tracks, trails and passages related toencampments;(4) Information regarding armed or unarmed groups working along with theparties, the Nepal Army (NA) and the Maoist army, including theirresponsibilities; and,(5) Other information required by the UN Mission for proper monitoring of thedisposition of arms and armies.The UN Mission shall check this information immediately after monitors are deployed.310

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!=$ r/0fx?of] ;Demf}tf x:tfIf/ ePkl5 nfu" x'g]5 . To;kl5 b]xfo adf]lhdsf r/0fx?df of] ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogul/g]5 .-!_ l/kf]l6{Ë / k|df0fLs/0f,-@_ ;}Go ansf] k'gMv6gk6g (Redeployment) / PsÝf (Concentration),-#_ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ c:yfoL lzlj/df /fVg], g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sdf /xg] tyf xftxltof/sf]lgoGq0f, /-$_ ;Demf}tfsf] k"0f{ kl/kfngf .oL ;a} sfo{x? ;DkGg ug{sf nflu kIfx?n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3;Fu k/fdz{ u/L Pp6f lj:t[t / Jofjxfl/s;dotflnsf th' {df ug] {5g\ .@= l/kf]l6· / k|df0fLs/0fkIfx?n] cf–cfˆgf ;]gfx?sf] af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L lbg]5g\ / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] o:tf] hfgsf/LnfO{pko'St uf]kgLotfsf ;fy pkof]u ug] {5 . kIfx?n] b]xfosf s'/fx? nufot jt{dfg e08f/0fx? b]vfpg]gS;f / /]vfÍgx? pknJw u/fpg] 5g\M-!_ ;}Go qmd (Order of battle) ÷;}lgs ;+/rgf, ;Fu7g, ;}lgssf] v6gk6g / ;+Vof,-@_ w/fk, af?bL ;'?Ë, ljikmf]6 gePsf uf]nLu6\7f, :6f088{ la:kmf]6s kbfy{x?, ckl/is[tla:kmf]6s pks/0f (Improvised explosive devices) / o:tf ;fd|uLx?sf] jf:tljs cjl:ylt,-#_ SofDk;Fu ;DalGwt ;8s, dfu{, 6] «n / af6f]x? af/]sf] cfjZos hfgsf/L,-$_ kIfx?, g]kfnL ;]gf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfx?;Fu sfd ug] { ;z:q jf lgz:q ;d"xx? Pj+ pgLx?sf]lhDdjf/L nufotsf] hfgsf/L, /-%_ xltof/ / ;]gfx?sf] l:ylt / Joj:yfsf] pko'St cg'udg ug{sf nflu ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3Lolgof]u]un] dfu]sf] cGo hfgsf/L .;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]un] cg'udgstf{x? vl6Pkl5 t'?Gt} o:tf hfgsf/Lsf] hfFr ug] {5 .311

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS3. Redeployment and concentration of forcesComprehensive plans, timelines and routes for the redeployment and concentrationof forces will be provided by both the NA and Maoist army to the UN Mission.The redeployment and concentration of all combatants in Nepal -- with the NA inbarracks and the Maoist army moving into cantonment sites -- shall be carried out inconsultation with the UN. The redeployment and cantonment of forces will bemonitored by the UN monitors after they are deployed.Both sides express an understanding to create a record of government, public andprivate buildings, land and other properties and return them immediately.The parties will withdraw all military and paramilitary checkpoints (unless explicitlypermitted in this agreement) to promote and guarantee free movement and create anenvironment free of fear and intimidation.The Nepal Police and Armed Police Force shall continue the task of maintaining lawand order and conduct criminal investigations as per the spirit and sentiment of theJana Andolan and peace accord as well as the prevailing [existing] law. Both partiesagree not to operate parallel or other forms of mechanism in any areas of the state orstate machinery as per the spirit of the decisions of November 8, 2006 and the essenceof the peace accord. All sides agree to let employees of Nepal Government and publicagencies travel freely to any part of the country, to fulfill their duties and not to createany obstacle or obstruction while executing their work or not to let obstructionsarise and to facilitate their work.4. Maoist Army cantonment, barracking of the NA and arms control4.1 Maoist army cantonmentIn accordance with the commitment expressed in the letter sent to the United Nations,Maoist army combatants and their weapons shall be confined within designatedcantonment areas. The cantonment shall be based on comprehensive planning andpreparation before implementation. After the Maoist army combatants stay in thetemporary cantonments, the Government of Nepal will provide food supplies andother necessary arrangements. When implemented, the comprehensive concept shallensure good communications and proper logistics. UN monitors will have access toany and all cantonment sites for purposes of monitoring.312

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt#= ;}Go ansf] k'gMv6gk6g / Psfg]kfnL ;]gf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gf b'j}n] ;}Go anx?sf] k'gMv6gk6g / PsÝfsf] nflu lj:t[t of]hgf, ;dotflnsf / ljlwx? ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]unfO{ pknAw u/fpg] 5g\ .g]kfnleqsf ;a} n8fs'x?sf] k'gMv6gk6g / PsÝfsf] sfo{ -g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sleq / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfx?c:yfoL lzlj/leq hfg]_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3;Fu k/fdz{ u/L ;DkGg ul/g]5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udgstf{x?cfPkl5 pgLx?n] ;}Go anx?sf] k'gMv6gk6g / PsÝfsf] cg'udg ug] {5g\ .;/sf/L, ;fj{hlgs / lghL ejg, hldg tyf cGo ;DklQx?sf] clen]v v8f u/L tTsfn} lkmtf{ ug{ b'j}kIf ;xdlt JoQm ub{5g\ .kIfx?n] :jtGq cfjfudg k|j4{g / k|Tofe"t ug{ / eo tyf qf;d'St jftfj/0f tof/ ug] { p2]Zon] ;a};}lgs / cw{;}lgs hfFrs]Gb| -r]skf]:6_ x? x6fpg] 5g\ .g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ann] hg cfGbf]ngsf] efjgf / dd{, zflGt ;Demf}tf Pj+ k|rlnt sfg"gcg';f/ sfg"g / Joj:yf axfn /fVg] tyf ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{ rfn" /fVg] 5g\ . @@ sflt{s @)^#-* gf]e]Da/ @))^_ ut]sf lg0f{ox?sf] dd{ tyf zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] efjgf cg'?k /fHo jf /fHo ;+oGqsf]s'g} klg If]qdf ;dfgfGt/ jf cGo :j?ksf] ;+oGq ;~rfng gug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/tyf ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ b]zsf] s'g} klg efudf :jtGq ?kdf cfjthfjt ug{, cfkm\gf]st{Jo kfng ug{ tyf cfkm\gf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] l;nl;nfdf ltgLx?nfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] afwf cj/f]wv8f gug{ / To:tf] cj/f]w v8f x'g glbg tyf pgLx?sf] sfddf ;xof]u ug{ ;a} kIfx? ;xdt 5g\ .$= dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ c:yfoL lzlj/df /fVg], g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ Aof/]sdf /fVg] / xftxltof/lgoGq0f ug] { sfo{$=! dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ c:yfoL lzlj/df /fVg];+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k| ]lift kqdf JoQm k|lta4tf c'g;f/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? / pgLx?sfxltof/x? tf]lsPsf c:yfoL lzlj/x?df ;Lldt /xg]5g\ . sfof{Gjog x'g' cufj} to ul/Psf] lj:t[tof]hgf / tof/L cg';f/ c:yfoL lzlj/x? /flvg]5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? c:yfoL lzlj/df/x]kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/n] pgLx?sf] /;bkfgL nufot cGo cfjZos Joj:yf ug] {5 . sfof{Gjog ePkl5lj:t[t cjwf/0ffn] /fd|f] ;~rf/ / pko'St k|aGwx? (Logistics) ;'lglZrt ug] {5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Locg'udgstf{x? cg'udg ug] { k|of]hgsf] nflu s'g} tyf ;a} c:yfoL lzlj/x?df k|j]z ug{ kfpg]5g\ .313

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS4.1.1 Commanders' responsibilitiesThe normal Maoist army chain of command, control, communication andinformation will be utilised to control the Maoist army cantonment, using the normalMaoist army structure in administration of the sites.There will be seven main cantonment sites and 21 satellite cantonment sites of threeper main cantonment site. The satellite sites will be clustered no more than two hoursdriving distance from the main sites unless otherwise agreed by the parties.The designated seven main sites will be under command, control, communicationand information of the Maoist army site commander and the satellite sites by thedesignated satellite commanders. The site commanders shall provide the followinginformation in detail for each site to the UN Mission(1) Command structure for the unit and sub-units plotted on a map;(2) Names of commanders down to company level;(3) Communication system;(4) Complete list of personnel;(5) Complete list of weapons, i.e. types, numbers, serial number and calibreunder storage at the main cantonment sites;(6) Ammunition inventory type, lot number and amount; and,(7) List of names for the site security guards detachment, and complete list ofweapons and ammunition for the detachment (main and satellite cantonmentlevels).Site commanders' responsibilities include(1) Camp security, including access control to the site;(2) Ensuring the security, freedom of movement and well-being of UN Missionand associated personnel, goods and services;(3) Providing information in cooperation with the UN Mission in accordancewith section 2;314

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt$=!=! sdf08/sf] lhDd]jf/Ldfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] c:yfoL lzlj/ lgoGq0f ug{ ;fO6sf] k|zf;gdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] lgoldt ;+/rgfk|of]u ul/g] / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] lgoldt r]g ckm sdf08 tyf lgoGq0f pkof]u ul/g]5 .;ftj6f d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/x? /xg] / k|To]s d'Vo lzlj/ jl/kl/ tLg÷tLg j6fsf b/n] @! j6f;xfos lzlj/x? /xg] 5g\ . kIfx? cGoyf ;xdt ePsf]df afx]s ;xfos lzlj/ d'Vo lzlj/af6 b'O{306fsf] ;jf/L b"/Lleq} kg] { u/L /flvg] 5 .tf]lsPsf ;ft j6f d'Vo lzlj/x? dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs ;fO6 sdf08/sf] / ;xfos lzlj/x? tf]lsPsf;xfos sdf08/x?sf] sdf08, lgoGq0f, ;~rf/ / hfgsf/L cGtu{t /xg] 5g\ . ;fO6sf sdf08/x?n]k|To]s ;fO6sf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf s'/fx?sf] lj:t[t hfgsf/L ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]unfO{ pknJwu/fpg] 5g\ M-!_ gS;fdf b]vfOPsf PsfO -o'lg6_ / ;xfos PsfO -;ao'lg6_ x?sf] sdf08 ;+/rgf,-@_ u'Nd tx tn;Ddsf sdf08/x?sf] gfd,-#_ ;~rf/ k|0ffnL,-$_ sd{rf/Lx?sf] k"0f{ ;"rL,-%_ xftxltof/sf] k"0f{ ;"rL cyf{t lsl;d, ;+Vof, qmd;+Vof / d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/x?leq e08f/0fcGtu{tsf] Soflnj/,-^_ v/vhfgfsf] ljj/0f, lsl;d, n6 ;+Vof / kl/df0f, /-&_ ;fO6sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu v6fOg] uf8{x?sf] gfdfjnL, To:tf] v6gk6gsf] nflu cfjZosxftxltof/ / v/vhfgfsf] k"0f{ ;"rL -d"Vo / ;xfos lzlj/ txdf_ .;fO6 sdf08/sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf b]xfosf] lhDd]jf/L ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g]5,-!_ SofDksf] ;'/Iff, ;fO6df k|j]z lgoGq0f ug] { ;d]t,-@_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]u, / ;Da4 sd{rf/L, dfn;fdfg / ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff, pgLx?sf] cfjthfjtug] { :jtGqtf / lxt ;'lglZrt ug] {,-#_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]u;Fusf] ;xof]udf wf/f @ cg';f/ hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg],315

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(4) Maintenance of discipline, morale and normal training in the spirit of theComprehensive Peace Accord, excluding live fire exercises;(5) Daily routines and control of troops; and,(6) Logistics and camp services (in cooperation with the Government of Nepaland other assisting agencies).4.1.2 Weapons storage and controlThe parties agree upon the safe storage of all Maoist army weapons and ammunition,in the seven main cantonment areas under UN monitoring, except as provided belowfor perimeter security purposes. Both sides shall assist each other to mark landminesand booby-traps used during the time of armed conflict by providing necessaryinformation within 30 days and to defuse and remove/lift and destroy them within60 days. All improvised explosive devices will be collected at designated sites a safedistance from the main cantonment areas. These sites shall be agreed by the parties inconsultation with the UN Mission. Unsuitable [Unstable] devices will be destroyedimmediately. Stable devices will be stored safely and under 24-hour armed guardprovided for by the guard arrangements cited below. The parties, in consultationwith the UN, will determine a timeline and process for the later destruction of allimprovised explosive devices. To ensure the safety of both monitors and Maoistarmy personnel, no improvised explosive devices or crude bombs will be broughtinside the cantonment sites.In the main cantonment sites the weapons and ammunition storage area will besecured by the following system(1) A solid fence will surround the specified area, including a gate with a lock.There will be signs on the fence clearly identifying the restricted area.(2) The weapons storage depot will be composed of storage containers paintedwhite and furnished with shelves for safe weapons storage and easy control,and with a complete inventory (weapon type, calibre and serial number).(3) A single lock provided by the UN will secure each storage container. Thekey will be held by the designated main cantonment site commander. A 24-hour surveillance camera provided by the UN Mission will cover the storagesite and will be monitored from the UN office in the cantonment site. Floodlightswill be switched on automatically during hours of darkness.316

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-$_ lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] efjgf cg';f/ nfOe kmfo/ cEof; afx]s cg'zf;g, dgf]an /;fwf/0f tfnLd ;DaGwL sfo{ ug] {,-%_ lgoldt -?l6g_ sfo{ / ;}lgsx?sf] lgoGq0f, /-^_ k|aGwx? -nlhl:6s_ / SofDk ;DaGwL ;]jfx? -g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;xfotf lbg] cGo lgsfox?;Fusf];xof]udf_ .$=!=@ xltof/sf] e08f/0f / lgoGq0fkl/lw -k]l/d]l6/_ ;'/Iff ug] { k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhd Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s, dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf;Dk"0f{ xltof/ / v/vhfgf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] cg'udg ug] {u/L ;ft j6f d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/x?df;'/lIft lsl;dn] e08f/0f ug] { s'/fdf kIfx? ;xdt 5g\ . b'j} kIfx? ;z:q åGbsf ;dodf k|of]uul/Psf w/fk tyf af?bL ;'?Ëx?sf] /]vfÍg ug{ tL; lbgleq cfjZos hfgsf/L pknJw u/fO{ /To:tf w/fk / ;'?Ëx? ;f7L lbgleq lgis[o kfg{, x6fpg Pj+ lgd" {n ug{ Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug] {5g\ .;a} ckl/is[t la:kmf]6s pks/0fx? d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/ Onfsfaf6 ;'/lIft b'/Lleq /x]sf tf]lsPsf:ynx?df ;+sng ul/g]5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]u;Fu k/fdz{ u/L b'j} kIfx? oL :ynx?sf jf/]df;xdt x'g]5g\ . sfd gnfUg] pks/0fx?nfO{ t'?Gt} gi6 ul/g]5 . l:y/ pks/0fx?nfO{ ;'/lIft ?kdfe08f/0f u/L b]xfodf plNnlvt kx/f k|jGwdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd To;nfO{ rf}jL;} 306f ;z:q kx/flbOg]5 . kIfx?n] To;kl5 ckl/is[t la:kmf]6s pks/0fx?sf] ljgf; ug{sf] nflu ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3;Fuk/fdz{ u/L ;dotflnsf / k|lqmof lgwf{/0f ug] {5g\ . cg'udgstf{ / dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs sd{rf/L b'j}sf];'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{ s'g} klg ckl/is[t la:kmf]6s pks/0fx? jf sRrf -q'm8_ jd c:yfoL lzlj/Onfsfleq NofOg] 5}g .d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/x?df xltof/ / v/vhfgf e08f/0f If]qsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd ldnfOg]5 –-!_ tf]lsPsf] If]q jl/k/L tfnf nufpg] k|j]zåf/ -u]6_ ;lxtsf] alnof] kvf{n nufOg]5 . lgif]lwtIf]q :ki6 ?kdf b]vfpg] u/L kvf{ndf lrGxx? /flvg]5g\ .-@_ xftxltof/ e08f/0f l8kf]df ;]tf] /Ë nufOPsf e08f/0f ug] { sG6]g/x? /xg] / xltof/sf];'/lIft e08f/0f tyf ;xh lgoGq0fsf nflu tvtfx? /flvg]5g\ . ;fy}, ToxfF xltof/sf] k"0f{lkmxl/:t -xltof/sf] lsl;d, Soflnj/ / qmd;+Vof_ klg /flvg]5 .-#_ k|To]s e08f/0f sG6]g/df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] pknJw u/fPsf] Psn tfNrf nufOg]5 .tf]lsPsf] d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/sf] sdf08/n] rfaL /fVg]5 . e08f/0f :yndf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lolgof]uaf6 pknJw u/fOPsf] rf}jL;} 306f lgu/fgL ug] { Sofd/f h8fg u/L d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/df/x]sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] sfof{noaf6 cg'udg ul/g]5 . cWof/f] x' Fbf :jrflnt ?kdf aNg]jQLx?sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .317

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(4) The UN Mission will provide an inspection registration device mountedon each container door indicating when the storage container has been opened.(5) An alarm system provided by the UN Mission will be connected to sirens inboth the UN office and the camp commander's office. The system will beactivated if the container door is opened without a "safe button" having beenswitched off in connection with regular inspections.(6) UN monitors will carry out the inspections of the arms storage area andcontainers in the presence of a Maoist army representative.]Each main cantonment site will be allowed 30 weapons of the same make and modelto be used only for clearly defined perimeter security by designated guards, witheach satellite allowed 15 such weapons under the same conditions. These weaponswill all be properly registered with make and serial number and locked in aguardhouse when not in use. The parties, in consultation with the UN, willperiodically review the number of weapons needed for perimeter security purposeson the basis of a shared threat assessment.Security provisions will be made for CPN(M) leaders through understanding withthe government.The UN Mission shall monitor these commitments with a full-time presence at theMaoist army main cantonment sites and through field visits and regular inspections.These inspections will be carried out randomly and without warning.4.1.3 Registration of Maoist army combatants at cantonment sitesAll Maoist army combatants will be registered at the main cantonment sites. Thisregistration will include the provision of age, name, rank, responsibilities withinunit/formation, date of entry into service and will provide the basis for a completelist of personnel. Maoist combatants will be registered regardless if they are inpossession of weapons or not. If with weapon, the type and condition of weapon willbe specified. The total number of weapons will be categorized by unit/formation.Only those individuals who were members of the Maoist army before 25 May 2006will be eligible for cantonment. The parties will agree as to how this pre-existingservice is to be confirmed in consultation with the UN.318

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-$_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]un] lg/LIf0f btf{ ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ug] {5 . e08f/0f ug] { sG6]g/ slxn]vf]lnPsf] xf] ;f] pNn]v u/L k|To]s sG6]g/sf] 9f]sfdf ;f] ;+oGq 6fFl;g]5 .-%_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;3sf] sfof{no / lzlj/ sdf08/sf] sfof{no b'j}df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]uaf6pknJw u/fOPsf] ;fO/g ;lxtsf] ;r]t u/fpg] ;+oGq h8fg ul/g]5 . lgoldt lg/LIf0fsf]qmddf æ;'/lIft a6gÆ aGb gu/L sG6]g/sf] 9f]sf vf]lnPdf ;f] k|0ffnL lqmofzLn x'g]5 .-^_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo c'gudgstf{x?n] dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df xftxltof/e08f/0f If]q / sG6]g/x?sf] lg/LIf0f ug] {5g\ .k|To]s d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/df t]flsPsf uf8{x?af6 :ki6tM kl/eflift kl/lw ;'/Iffsf] nflu dfq k|of]ux'g] u/L Ps} vfnsf agf}6 -d]s_ / df]8]nsf tL; j6f xltof/ /fVg kfOg] / k|To]s ;xfos lzlj/df ;f]xLzt{x? cGtu{t k|of]u x'g] u/L kGw| j6f To:tf xltof/ /fVg kfOg]5 . o:tf ;a} xltof/sf] agf]6 /qmd;+Vof pNn]v u/L /Ltk"j{s btf{ ul/g]5 / k|of]u gePsf a]nf ltgLx?nfO{ ;'/Iffu[x -uf8{xfp;_ dfaGb u/L /flvg]5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3;Fu k/fdz{ u/L kIfx?n] ;femf vt/fsf] d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df kl/lw;'/Iff ug] { k|of]hgsf nflu cfjZos xftxltof/sf] ;+Vofsf] cfjlws ?kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug] {5g\ .g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ g]tfx?sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf ;/sf/;Fusf] ;xdltn] ul/g]5 .;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]un] dfcf]jfbL ;]gf /x]sf d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/x?df k"0f{sfnLg ?kdf pkl:yteP/ tyf :ynut e|d0f / lgoldt lg/LIf0fx?sf] dfWodaf6 oL k|lta4tfx?sf] cg'udg ug] {5 .clgof]lht ?kdf / lagf ;"rgf o:tf lg/LIf0fx? ul/g]5g\ .$=!=# d'Vo lzlj/x?df dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs n8fs'x?sf] btf{ Joj:yfdfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf ;a} n8fs'x?sf] btf{ d'Vo c:yfoL lzlj/ ;fO6df ul/g]5 . o:tf] btf{df pd]/, gfd,tx, PsfO÷u7gleq p;sf] lhDd]jf/L, ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf] ldlt pNn]v ug] { Joj:yf x'g]5, / o;n]sd{rf/Lsf] k"0f{ ;"rL tof/ ug] { cfwf/ pknJw u/fpg]5 . dfcf]jfbLsf n8fs'x?sf] ;fydf xltof/ /x]sf]jf g/x]sf] h]eP tfklg pgLx?sf] btf{ ul/g]5 . s'g} xltof/ ;fydf /x]sf] eP To:tf] xltof/sf] lsl;d/ cj:yf pNn]v ul/g]5 . PsfO÷u7g ljz]if cfwf/df xftxltof/sf] s'n ;+Vof pNn]v ul/g]5 . !!h]7 @)^# -@% d] @))^_ eGbf cl3 dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;b:o ePsf JolStx? dfq c:yfoL lzlj/df/xgsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5g\ . kIfx?n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3;Fu k/fdz{ u/L of] klxn]b]lvsf] ljBdfg ;]jfnfO{s;/L lgwf{/0f ug] { eGg] af/]df ;xdlt ug] {5g\ .319

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSAs part of this registration, all Maoist army combatants will present their Maoistarmy identity card to be marked by the UN. The process for marking the cards will bedetermined. This registration card will be the basis for any assistance received byMaoist army members. Unregistered persons will not be eligible for assistance orpermitted to remain in cantonments.Only those Maoist army combatants who have been properly registered at cantonmentsites will be eligible for possible integration into the security forces fulfilling thestandard norms. Any discharged personnel will be ineligible for possible integration.Those who are eligible for integration into the security forces will be determined bya special committee as agreed in the Comprehensive Peace Accord. This integrationprocess will be determined in subsequent agreement with the parties.Upon registration Maoist army combatants, if found to be born after 25 May 1988,will be honourably and automatically discharged.Discharged Maoist army combatants must: release all weapons, uniforms and othermilitary gear; and, agree not to return to cantonment sites unless mutually agreed byUN monitors in consultation with the parties. The assistance packages to be providedto voluntarily discharged personnel will be agreed by the parties in advance ofcantonment.The Interim Council of Ministers will form a special committee to supervise, integrateand rehabilitate the Maoist army combatants.4.2 Barracking of the Nepal Army4.2.1 General regulationsIn accordance with the commitment expressed in the letter sent to the United Nations,the Nepal Army shall remain in its barracks and its arms are not to be used in favourof or against any side. UN monitors will have access to any and all NA barracks forpurposes of monitoring whether Nepal Army forces or weapons are being used for oragainst any party. Upon visiting any Nepal Army barracks for inspection, the sitecommander will be duly notified, and UN inspections will relate only to mattersregarding the disposition of forces and weapons.320

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxto; btf{ Joj:yfsf] cËsf] ?kdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf ;a} n8fs'x?n] cfˆgf] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] kl/rokqk|:t't ug] {5g\ / To;df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] 5fk nufOg]5 . kl/rokqx?df 5fk nufpg] k|s[of lgwf{/0ful/g]5 . of] btf{ kl/rokqsf] cfwf/df dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf ;b:ox?nfO{ pknJw u/fOg] s'g} klg ;xof]u,;xfotf pknJw u/fOg]5 . btf{ gePsf JolStx? ;xfotf kfpg of]Uo x'g] 5}gg\ / pgLx?nfO{ c:yfoLlzlj/df a:g lbOg] 5}g .c:yfoL lzlj/ ;fO6df /Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? dfq} :t/Lo dfGotfx? k"/f u/L;'/Iff kmf}hleq ul/g] ;+efljt ;dfof]hgsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5g\ . jvf{:t ul/Psf] sd{rf/L ;+efljt;dfof]hgsf] nflu cof]Uo x'g]5 . lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf ;xdlt eP adf]lhd Pp6f ljz]if ;ldltn];'/Iff kmf}hleq ;dfof]hg x'gsf] nflu of]Uo JolQmx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug] {5 . of] ;dfof]hgsf] k|s[ofsf]lgwf{/0f kIfx?aLr x'g] efjL ;Demf}tfaf6 x'g]5 .btf{ ePkl5, dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] s'g} n8fs' !@ h]i7 @)$% -@% d] !(**_ kl5 hGd]sf] kfOPdf To:tf]n8fs'nfO{ ;Ddfgsf;fy avf{:t ul/g]5 .jvf{:t ul/Psf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x?n] ;Dk"0f{ xftxltof/, abL{ / cGo ;}lgs ;/;fdfg÷pks/0fa'emfpg' kg] { / To:tf n8fs'x? kIfx?;Fu k/fdz{ u/L ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udgstf{x?n] cfk;L?kdf dGh"/ u/]sf]df afx]s c:yfoL lzlj/x?df kms{g] 5}gg\ . :j]lR5s cfwf/df x6fOPsf sd{rf/LnfO{pknJw u/fOg] ;xof]usf] Kofs]hsf af/]df c:yfoL lzlj/df hfg'eGbf cufj} kIfx?aLr ;xdlt x'g]5 .dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x?sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgfsf] lglDt cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] Pp6fljz]if ;ldlt u7g ug] {5 .$=@g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ Aof/]sdf /fVg] sfo{$=@=! ;fwf/0f lgodx?;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k| ]lift kqdf JoQm k|lta4tf cg';f/ g]kfnL ;]gf cfkm\gf] Aof/]sleq ;Lldt /xg]5g\/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf xftxltof/x? s;}sf] kIf jf ljkIfdf k|of]u x'g] 5}gg\ . g]kfnL ;]gfsf anx? jfxftxltof/ s'g} klg kIf jf ljkIfdf k|of]u eP gePsf] cg'udg ug] { k|of]hgsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Locg'udgstf{x?nfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} jf ;a} Aof/]sx?df kx' Fr k|fKt x'g]5 . lg/LIf0fsf] nflu g]kfnL;]gfsf] s'g} Aof/]ssf] e|d0f ubf{ ;fO6 sdf08/nfO{ ljlwjt ;"rgf lbOg]5 / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udg;}Go / xftxltof/sf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljifox?;Fu dfq ;DalGwt x'g]5 .321

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTSThe Council of Ministers will control, mobilise and manage the Nepal Army as perthe Army Act of 2006 (Sainik Ain 2063) or its successor legislation. The InterimCouncil of Ministers to prepare and implement the detailed action plan of the NepalArmy's democratization by taking suggestions from the concerned committee of theInterim Parliament/legislature. Under this to carry out activities like assessing theappropriate number of the Nepal Army, to train the army in democratic and humanrights values while developing democratic structure, national and inclusive character.4.2.2 Commander responsibilitiesThe normal NA chain of command, control, communication and information willbe utilised to monitor the NA deployment to barracks. The commanders shall providethe following information in detail to the UN Mission(1) Command structure for the unit and sub-units plotted on a map;(2) Names of commanders down to company level;(3) Communication system;(4) Order of battle/military structure, organisation, deployment and numberof troops;(5) Minefields, landmines, unexploded ordnance, standard explosives,improvised explosive devices and exact location of such items; and,(6) Other information required by the UN Mission for proper monitoring ofthe disposition of arms and armies.The NA will ensure the safety, security, freedom of movement and well-being of UNMission and associated personnel, goods and services, and provide information incooperation with the UN Mission according to Section 2.The UN Mission shall monitor these commitments through daily presence in selectedNA barracks, field visits and regular inspections.4.2.3 Weapons storage and controlThe Nepal Army will remain within the barracks as per the commitment expressedin the letter sent to the UN to ensure that their arms are not used for or against anyparty. The Nepal Army to store arms in equal numbers to that of the Maoist army, toseal it with a single-lock and give the key to the concerned party. In the process ofinstalling the lock, to assemble a mechanism including a siren and register for themonitoring by the UN. While carrying out the necessary examination of the storedarms, the UN will do so under the presence of a Nepal Army representative. Thebarrack/barracks where NA arms will be monitored under the conditions spelledout in section 4.1.2 will be identified and agreed by the parties. The arms will bestored in storage containers.322

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtdlGqkl/ifb\n] ;}lgs P]g, @)^# jf eljiodf aGg] tT;DaGwL sfg"g cg';f/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f,kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg ug] {5 . cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] cGtl/d ;+;b÷Joj:yflksfsf] ;DalFGwt ;ldltsf];'emfj lnP/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stfGqLs/0fsf] lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf th' {df / sfof{Gjog ug] {5 . o;cGtu{t g]kfnL ;]gfsf] pko'St ;+Vof, nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf, /fli6«o / ;dfj]zL rl/q lgdf{0f ub} { nf]stGq/ dfgj clwsf/sf] d"Noåf/f ;]gfnfO{ k|lzlIft ug] { nufotsf sfdx? ul/g]5g\ .$=@=@ sdf08/sf] lhDd]jf/Lg]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sleq /x]sf] cg'udg ug{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoldt r]g ckm sdf08, lgoGq0f, ;~rf/ /;"rgf pkof]u ul/g]5 . sdf08/x?n] ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]unfO{ b]xfosf] s'/fsf] lj:t[t hfgsf/LpknJw u/fpg] 5g\M-!_ gS;fdf b]vfOPsf PsfO -o'lg6_ / ;xfos–PsfO -;ao'lg6_ sf] sdf08 ;+/rgf,-@_ u'Nd tx tn;Ddsf sdf08/x?sf] gfd,-#_ ;~rf/ k|0ffnL,-$_ ;}Go qmd (Order of battle) ÷;}lgs ;+/rgf, ;Fu7g, ;}lgssf] v6gk6g / ;+Vof,-%_ w/fk, af?bL ;'?Ë, laikm]f6 gePsf uf]nLuf, ljikmf]6s kbfy{x?, ckl/is[t la:kmf]6spks/0f / o:tf ;fdu|Lx?sf] jf:tljs cjl:ylt, /-^_ xftxltof/ / ;]gfx?sf] Joj:yfsf] pko'St cg'udg ug{sf nflu ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3n]dfu]sf] cGo hfgsf/L .g]kfnL ;]gfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 / ;Da4 sd{rf/L, dfn;fdfg / ;]jfx?sf] ;+/If0f, ;'/Iff, pgLx?sf]cfjthfjt ug] { :jtGqtf / lxt ;'lglZrt ug] { tyf bkmf @ cg';f/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]u;Fusf];xof]udf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg]5 .5flgPsf g]kfnL ;]gfsf Aof/]sx?df b}lgs ?kdf pkl:yt eO{, :ynut e|d0f / lgoldt lg/LIf0f u/L;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]un] oL k|ltj4tfx?sf] cg'udg ug] {5 .$=@=# xftxltof/sf] e08f/0f / lgoGq0f;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k| ]lift kqdf JoSt k|ltj4tf cg'?k g]kfnL ;]gfsf xftxltof/x? s;}sf] klg kIf jfljkIfdf k|of]u gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sleq ;Lldt /xg]5 . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] tkm{af6e08f/0f ul/Psf xltof/sf] a/fa/L ;+Vofdf g]kfnL ;]gfn] cfkm\gf xftltof/x? e08f/0f ug] { / PsntfNrf nufO{ rfaL ;DalGwt kIfn] /fVg]5 . ;f] tfNrf nufpg] k|s[ofdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] cg'udgsf]nflu ;fO/g ;lxtsf] ;+oGq h8fg u/L btf{ ug] { . e08f/0f ul/Psf xltof/sf] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;f] sfo{ ;DalGwt kIfsf] /f]xj/df ug] {5 . kIfx? bkmf $=!=@ df plNnlvt zt{x?cGtu{t s'g s'g Aof/]sdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf xftxltof/sf] cg'udg ug] { xf] ;f] klxrfg u/L tT;DaGwdf;xdt x'g]5g\ . e08f/0f ug] { sG6]g/x?df xltof/ /flvg]5 .323

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS4.2.4 Deployment and Concentration of Forces – NA permitted activitiesIn accordance with the spirit of the Comprehensive Peace Accord, continuity will begiven to functions of the Nepal Army including border security, security of theconservation areas, protected areas, banks, airports, power houses, telephone towers,central secretariat and security of VIPs. A detailed list of these institutions andinstallations will be kept by the Secretary Ministry Defence, along with the numberand types of forces assigned to such duties. The list of such institutions andinstallations will be kept by the NA under seal, and this list will be made available toUN monitors when they deem necessary on a case-by-case basis.Permitted NA activities are as follows1. Routine military activities within the barracks and regular training in barracksand camps. The JMCC will be notified 48 hours in advance before undertakinglimited live fire exercises at designated live firing ranges.2. Participation in official ceremonies, parades, etc. as directed by theGovernment.3. Provision of Border Security as directed by the Government.4. Relief of troops on a one-to-one basis, including transport as mentioned.5. Regular maintenance and replacement of non-lethal equipment, includingtransport as mentioned. Maintenance and replacement of lethal weapons willtake place only with the determination of the interim government or agreementby both parties.6. Execution of development and construction tasks as directed by the civilianauthorities, on central, regional and local levels.7. Provision of support in relief work in times of natural and other disasters asdirected by the Government.8. Participation in Peacekeeping Operations called for by the United Nations,and all preparations, transport, training, transfer of equipment, etc. connectedto this.9. Provision of security for VVIPs and VIPs.324

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt$=@=$ k'gMv6gk6g / Psf– g]kfnL ;]gfn] ug{ kfpg] lqmofsnfkx?lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] efjgf cg';f/ g]kfnL ;]gfn] ub} { cfPsf ;Ldf ;'/Iff, cf/If If]q, ;+/lIft If]q,a} +s, ljdfg:yn, ljB'tu[x, 6]lnkmf]g 6fj/, s]GbLo ;lrjfnosf] ;'/Iff / ljlzi6 JolQmx?sf] ;'/Iffnufotsf sfdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . /Iff ;lrjn] o:tf sfddf v6fO{Psf ;}Go ansf] ;+Vof /lsl;d v'Ng] u/L o:tf ;+:yf / ;+/rgfx?sf] lj:t[t ;"rL tof/ kf/L /fVg]5 . cj:yf ljz]ifsf]cfwf/df;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udgstf{x?n] cfjZos b]v]df of] ;"rL pgLx?nfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .g]kfnL ;]gfn] ug{ kfpg] lqmofsnfkx? b]xfo adf]lhd 5g\M!= Aof/]sleq ul/g] lgoldt ;}lgs lqmofsnfkx? / Aof/]s tyf SofDkx?leq ul/g] lgoldttfnLd÷tf]lsPsf nfOe kmfol/+u b"/Lx?df ;Lldt nfOe kmfo/sf +cEof;x? ug' { cl3 ;+o'Qmcg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ $* 306fsf] k"j{ ;"rgf lbg' kg] {5 .@= ;/sf/n] lgb] {zg u/] adf]lhd ;/sf/L ;df/f]x, k/]8 cflbdf efu lng] .#= ;/sf/n] lgb] {zg u/] adf]lhd ;Ldf ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug] { .$= Joa:yf eP adf]lhd ;jf/L nufot, Psn–Psn (One-to-one) cfwf/df ;}lgsx?sf] p4f/ ug] { .%= Joj:yf eP adflhd ;jf/L nufot 3fts -nLyn_ pks/0f jfx]ssf cGo pks/0fsf]lgoldt dd{t;Def/, lj:yfkg ug] { . 3fts -nLyn_ xftxltof/sf] dd{t;Def/ / lj:yfkg ug]sfo{ cGtl/d ;/sf/n] to u/] adf]lhd jf b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltn] dfq} ug{ ;lsg]5 .^= gful/s lgsfox?n] lgb] {zg u/] adf]lhd s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo / :yfgLo txdf ljsf; / lgdf{0fsfsfo{ ug] { .&= ;/sf/n] lgb] {zg lbP adf]lhd k|fs[lts / cGo k|sf]ksf] ;dodf p4f/ sfo{df ;xof]upknJw u/fpg] .*= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] cfJxfgdf zflGt sfod /fVg] lqmofsnfkx?df tyf tT;DaGwL ;a} tof/L,oftfoft, tfnLd, pks/0fx?sf] x:tfGt/0f ug] { cflb sfo{df efu lng] .(= clt ljlzi6 / ljlzi6 JolStx?sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf ug] { .325

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS10. Provision of security of vital installations as directed by the Government.11. Provision of security of transportation of Nepal Rastra Bank funds.For all of the above activities the rules regarding notification of troop, air movementsand exercises spelled out in section 5.2 apply.5. Compliance with the Agreement5.1 Prohibited ActivitiesIn the spirit of the Comprehensive Peace Accord, and in light of this agreement, afterthe placement of the Nepal Army in the barracks and the Maoist Army combatants incantonment, the parties shall scrupulously refrain from the following activities1. Holding and carrying arms is in violation of the law. Displaying arms,intimidation and any type of use of violence is prohibited, and use of arms islegally punishable.2. Any type of arms and weapons targeted against each other in a direct orindirect way or any act of attack.3. Harming or intimidating any person, including internally displaced persons,humanitarian and development workers and other non-combatants, and anyseizure of their equipment and property.4. Ambushes, murder or violent operations.5. Kidnapping, unlawful detention or imprisonment, disappearances;6. All offensive military flights in and over Nepal.7. Damaging or seizing public/private/government, military or UN propertyand all attacks on UN and associated personnel.8. Planting mines or improvised explosive devices, conducting sabotage ormilitary espionage.326

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt!)= ;/sf/n] lgb] {zg lbP adf]lhd dxTjk"0f{ ;+/rgfx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug] { .!!= g]kfn /fi6« a} +ssf] /sd 9'jfgLdf ;'/Iff lbg] Joj:yf ug] { .pk/f]St ;a} lqmofsnfkx?sf] xsdf bkmf %=@ df plNnlvt ;]gfsf] ;"rgf, xjfO{ cfjfudg / cEof;;DaGwL lgodx? nfu" x'g]5g\ .%= ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf%=! lgif]lwt lqmofsnfkx?lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] efjgf cg';f/ / o; ;Demf}tfsf] kl/k| ]Iodf g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sdf ;Lldt/x]kl5 / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? c:yfoL lzlj/df al;;s]kl5 kIfx?n] ;'Id ?kd} b]xfosflqmofsnfkx? ug] { 5}gg\M!= xftxltof/ ;fydf lnO{ lx8\g] sfo{ sfg"g lj?4sf] sfo{ xf] . xftxltof/sf] k|bz{g, qf; / s'g}klg lsl;dsf] lx+;fsf] k|of]u lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 / xftxltof/sf] k|of]u sfg"gL ?kn] b08gLo 5 .@= k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf Ps csf{k|lt nlIft s'g} klg lsl;dsf xftxltof/sf] k|of]u jfcfqmd0f ug] { sfo{ .#= cfGtl/s ?kdf la:yflkt JolStx?, dfgjLo / ljsf; sfo{stf{x? / cGo u}/–n8fs'JolStx? nufot s'g} klg JolStnfO{ xfgL k'/fpg] jf 8/, qf; b]vfpg] sfo{ / pgLx?sf pks/0f/ ;DklQ hkmt ug] { sfo{ .$= w/fk yfKg], xTof / lx+;fTds sf/jfxL .%= ckx/0f ug] {, u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf /fVg] jf s}b ug] {, j]kQf kfg] { sfo{ .^= g]kfnleq / g]kfn dfly ul/g] ;a} cfqmds ;}Go p8fgx? .&= ;fj{hlgs÷lghL÷;/sf/L, ;}lgs jf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;DklQ xfgL gf]S;fgL ug] { jf hkmtug] { sfo{ / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf ;Dj4 sd{rf/L lj?4sf] cfqmd0f .*= hldgd'lg af?b la5\ofpg] jf ckl/is[t la:kmf]6s pks/0f /fVg] sfo{, ljWj+ FzfTds sfo{ -:ofaf]6]h_ jf ;}Go hf;";L sfo{ .327

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS9. Recruiting additional armed forces or conducting military activities againsteach other, including transporting weapons, ammunitions and explosives(unless mutually agreed by the parties and notified in advance according tothe terms of this agreement.)10. Collecting cash or goods and services or levying tax against one's wishesand against the existing law.11. Any actions that impede or delay the provision of humanitarian assistanceor protection to civilians.12. Any restrictions on the safe, free and unimpeded movement of humanitarianor development agencies undertaking activities approved by the interimgovernment or its successor.13. All acts and forms of gender-based violence.14. Any restrictions on the free movement of people and goods.15. All activities that obstruct the efforts of the UN Mission and amount to afailure to cooperate with the UN Mission, including the prohibition of the UNMission patrols and flights over any location.16. Any attempt by a party to disguise its equipment, personnel or activities asthose of the UN Mission, other United Nations agencies, the InternationalCommittee of the Red Cross/Crescent or any other similar organisation.17. Any attempt to redeploy military forces and equipment or occupation ofany positions out of their respective deployment positions without the consentof the Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee.18. The use of children who are 18 years old and under in the armed forces.19. All hostile propaganda and incitement to military action.The parties shall also refrain from all activities that are prohibited elsewhere in thisagreement.328

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt(= cltl/St ;z:q ;]gf egf{ ug] { jf Ps csf{ lj?4 ;}lgs xs{t ug] { sfo{, xftxltof/,v/vhfgf / laikmf]6s kbfy{x? cf];f/k;f/ ug] { sfo{ ;d]t -o; ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? adflhdkIfx?n] cfk;L ;xdlt hgfO{ k"j{ ;"rgf lbPsf] ca:yfdf afx]s_ .!)= OR5f ljkl/t tyf k|rlnt sfg"g k|lts"n gub jf lhG;L ;+sng ug] { / ;]jf lng] jf s/nufpg] sfo{ .!!= dfgjLo ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg] jf gful/sx?sf] ;+/If0f ug] { sfddf cj/f]w k'/fpg] jfl9nfO{ ug] { s'g} klg sf/jfxL .!@= cGtl/d ;/sf/ jf ;f]sf] pQ/flwsf/Ln] :jLs[t u/]sf lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug] { dfgjtfjfbLjf ljsf; ;DaGwL lgsfox?sf] ;'/lIft, :jtGq / lgjf{w cfjfudgdf /f]s nufpg] s'g} klgsfo{ .!#= lnËdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf] ;a} ?k / sfo{ .!$= dflg; / dfn;fdfgsf] :jtGq cfjfudgdf k|ltaGw nufpg] s'g} klg sfo{ .!%= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]usf k|oTgx?df Jojwfg k'/fpg] / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]unfO{;xof]u ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] dflgg] s'g} klg lqmofsnfk, s'g} klg 7fpFdf u:tL ug] { jf p8fg eg];+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]usf] sfo{nfO{ lgif]w ug] { sfo{ ;d]t .!^= s'g} kIfn] cfˆgf] pks/0f, sd{rf/L jf lqmofsnfknfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]u, cGo ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo lgsfox?, /]8qm;÷/]8lqm;]G6sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;ldlt jf cGo o:t} s'g} ;Fu7gsf]pks/0f, sd{rf/L jf lqmofsnfk xf] egL 9fs5f]k ug] { s'g} klg k|oTg÷pBf]u .!&= ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;xdlt lagf ;}Go an / s'g} l:yltsf] pks/0f jfb/jGbLsf] kbnfO{ pgLx?sf] cf–cfkm\gf] v6gk6g l:ylt jf b/jGbL aflx/ k'gMkl/rfng ug] { s'g}klg k|oTg÷pBf]u .!*= c7f/ aif{ / ;f]eGbf d'lgsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;z:q jndf k|of]u ug] { sfo{ .!(= ;a} cfqmds k|rf/afhL / ;}Go sf/jfxL pS;fpg] sfo{ .kIfx?n] o; ;Demf}tfdf cGoq lgif]w ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx? klg ug' { x' Fb}g .329

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS5.2 Permitted activitiesThe key principle that shall underpin permitted activities for both sides shall be toalleviate the effects of the armed conflict on civilians and the war-affected areas andto galvanise popular support for peace. Permitted activities for both sides will beconducted as per the decisions of the interim government. Troop, air movements andexercises have to be properly notified and approved by the Joint MonitoringCoordination Committee at least 48-hours in advance.Permitted activities include(1) De-mining and decommissioning of military hazards;(2) Development activities to include improvement and opening of roads,rehabilitation of bridges and passages and airstrips according to the decisionsof the interim government;(3) Humanitarian relief;(4) Socioeconomic activities such as assisting free movement of people, goodsand services;(5) Free movement of unarmed soldiers in plain civilian clothes who are ongranted leave, medical referrals, or visiting families – no more than 12 percentof the total retained force at a given cantonment or barracks will be on authorisedleave at any given time unless mutually agreed by the parties;(6) Supply of non-lethal items to military units, food, water, medicine, petrol,oil and lubricants, stationary, uniforms etc; and,(7) Medical evacuation.5.3 ViolationsThe following acts shall constitute violations of the agreement(1) Any act that contravenes this agreement;(2) Unauthorised troop movements;(3) Unauthorised recruitment, conscription or mobilisation;330

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt%=@ ug{ kfOg] lqmofsnfkx?b'j} kIfn] ug{ kfpg] lqmofsnfkx?df cGtlg{lxt d'Vo l;4fGt ;z:q åGåaf6 u}/–;}lgs JolStx? tyfo'4af6 k|efljt If]qdf kg] { c;/ lgjf/0f ug'{ / zflGtsf] nflu cfd ;dy{g h'6fpg' xf] . b'j} kIfn] ug{kfpg] lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;~rfng cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ul/g]5 . ;}lgs, xjfO{ ultljlw /cEof;sf] af/]df ljlwjt ;"rgf lbg'kg] { 5 / To:tf] sfo{ sDtLdf $* 306f cufj} ;+o'Qm cg'udg;dGjo ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t x'g'kg] {5 .ug{ kfOg] lqmofsnfkx?df lgDglnlvt lqmofsnfkx? ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ M-!_ af?bL ;'?Ë / ;}Go cj/f]wx? x6fpg],-@_ cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;8s ;'wf/ / v'nf ug] {, k'n, k'n];f tyf xjfO{ d}bfgx?sf]k'g:yf{kgf ug] { ;d]tsf sfo{x? ;d]l6Psf ljsf; ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx?,-#_ dfgjLo p4f/,-$_ dflg;, dfn;fdfg / ;]jfx?sf] :jtGq cfjfudgdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] h:tf ;fdflhs, cfly{slqmofsnfk,-%_ labf :jLs[t u/fO{ a;]sf, cf}ifwf]krf/sf] qmddf /x]sf jf kfl/jfl/s e]63f6df /x]sf ;fbfkf]zfssf xltof/ljxLg ;}lgsx?nfO{ :jtGq ?kdf cfjfudg ug{ lbg] sfo{ . kIfx? cfk;L ?kdf;xdt ePsf]df afx]s, s'g} klg c:yfoL lzlj/ jf Aof/]sdf /x]sf s'n ;}GodWo] !@ k|ltzteGbfa9LnfO{ Ps;fy ljbfdf a:g] cg'dlt lbOg] 5}g .-^_ ;}lgs PsfOx?nfO{ u}/3fts ;fdfgx?, vfgf, kfgL, cf}iflw, k]6«f]n, t]n / n'la|Sof06, z}lIfs;fdu|L, kf]zfs cflb cfk"lt{ ug] {, /-&_ pkrf/sf] nflu p4f/ .%=# pNn‹gb]xfosf sfo{x?nfO{ o; ;Demf}tfsf] pNn‹g dflgg]5 M-!_ of] ;Demf}tfsf] pNn‹g ug] { s'g} klg sfo{,-@_ cglws[t ;}lgs ultljlw,-#_ cglws[t etL{, af]nfj6 jf kl/rfng,331

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(4) Unauthorised replenishment of military equipment;(5) Violation of human rights, humanitarian law or obstruction of freedom ofmovement of people, goods and services;(6) Espionage, sabotage, air surveillance and acts of subversion; and,(7) Military flights, or military flights utilising civilian aircraft, over cantonment sites without 48-hour notification to the parties and the UN mission,except in emergency situations or medical evacuations.6. The United Nations MissionMonitoring of compliance with this agreement will be carried out -(1) By UN Monitors; or,(2) By Joint Monitoring Teams, if so decided by the JMCC and in keepingwith other provisions of this agreement.The UN Mission will submit reports to the parties on compliance with this agreement.It will do so either directly or through the JMCC.6.1 The Joint Monitoring Coordination CommitteeThe nine-member Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee (JMCC) will have achairman appointed by the UN Mission. There will be two Vice-Chairmen, one eachfrom the Maoist Army and the NA. The remaining six members will be two UN, twoNA and two Maoist army, all as selected by the parties respectively.The JMCC shall reach its decisions by consensus. In the event of a deadlock, therepresentative of the UN Secretary-General shall have final authority for reportingon the compliance of the parties with this agreement to the Secretary-General and tothe interim government for resolution. The Chairman shall report regularly to therepresentative of the Secretary-General and to the designated representatives of theparties regarding the activities of the JMCC.The JMCC shall serve three main functions(1) To assist the parties in implementing this agreement. The JMCC shall be thecentral coordinating body for monitoring arms and armies in accordance withthe terms of this agreement and to approve, where appropriate those activitiesspecified in Section 5.2.332

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-$_ ;}lgs pks/0fsf] cglws[t e08f/0f,-%_ dfgj clwsf/, dfgjtfjfbL sfg"gsf] pNn+3g jf hgtfsf] cfjfudgsf] :jtGqtf, dfn;fdfg/ ;]jfsf] :jtGq cf];f/k;f/df cj/f]w,-^_ hf;";L, ljWjF;fTds sfo{, xjfO{ lgu/fgL / ljWj+z (Subversion) sf sfo{x?, /-&_ ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfdf jf pkrf/sf nflu p4f/ ug' { k/]sf] ca:yfdf afx]s kIfx?nfO{ /;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]unfO{ $* 306fsf] ;"rgf glbO{ c:yfoL lzlj/x? dfly ul/g] ;}lgsp8fgx? jf u}/–;}lgs jfo'ofg k|of]u u/L ul/g] ;}lgs p8fgx? .^= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]uof] ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf eP gePsf] s'/fsf] cg'udg-!_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'udgstf{x?af6, jf-@_ ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 of] ;Demf}tfsf cGo Joj:yfx?nfO{ b[li6ut u/L lg0f{oePsf]df ;+o'Qm cg'udg 6f]nLx?af6 x'g]5 .;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgsfon] o; ;Demf}tfsf] kfngfsf ;DaGwdf kIfx?nfO{ k|ltj]bg lbg]5 . To;/Lk|ltj]bg lb+bf o;n] l;w} jf ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldlt dfkm{t lbg ;Sg]5 .^=! ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltgf} + ;b:oLo ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] cWoIfsf] lgo'lSt ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lgof]uaf6x'g]5 . dfcf]jfbL ;]gf / g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 Ps Ps hgf u/L b'O{ hgf pkfWoIfx? /xg]5g\ . afFsL^ hgf ;b:ox?df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf b'O{ hgf, g]kfnL ;]gfsf b'O{ hgf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf b'O{hgf /xg]5g\ . oL ;a} ;b:ox?sf] 5gf}6 ;DalGwt kIfx?af6 x'g]5 .;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltn] ;j{;Ddltsf] cfwf/df lg0f{o ug] {5 . ult/f]w pTkGg ePsf]cj:yfdf, kIfx?n] o; ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf dxf;lrj / cGtl/d ;/sf/;dIf ;f]sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu hfgsf/L÷k|ltj]bg k]z ug] { clwsf/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf dxf;lrjsf]k|ltlglwnfO{ x'g]5 . cWoIfn] dxf;lrjsf k|ltlglwnfO{ / kIfx?sf tf]lsPsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] af/]df lgoldt ?kdf k|ltj]bg lbg] 5 .;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltn] tLg j6f d'Vo sfdx? ug] {5 M-!_ o; ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ kIfx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug] { . ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldlt o;;Demf}tfsf zt{x? cg';f/ xftxltof/ / ;]gfsf] cg'udg ug] { / pko'Qmtf cg';f/ wf/f %=@adf]lhdsf lqmofsnfkx? :jLs[t ug] { s]Gb|Lo ;dGjosf/L lgsfo x'g]5 .333

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(2) To serve as a dispute resolution mechanism. The JMCC shall resolve alldisputes and military or operational difficulties, complaints, questions orproblems regarding implementation of this agreement.(3) To assist in confidence building. The JMCC shall work to gain the trust andconfidence of the parties and promote the overall goals of this agreement amongthe people of Nepal.In order to achieve these goals, the JMCC shall operate according to the followingbasic principles(1) Resolve all problems and disputes at the lowest level possible, i.e. delegationof authority to the JMTs;(2) Promote joint problem-solving and build trust and confidence throughactive efforts to appropriately investigate and report on all incidents of concernto the parties; and,(3) Build on lessons learned in the process.The Joint Monitoring Teams (JMTs) will assist the Joint Monitoring CoordinationCommittee at the local level and through site visits. The JMTs will comprise oneinternational monitor as the team leader and one monitor from Nepal Army and onemonitor from the Maoist Army. The number of JMTs and their deployment will bedetermined by the chairman of the JMCC in consultations with that body.The tasks of the JMTs will include(1) Village and community visits and liaison with the civilian community;(2) Cooperation with other UN-agencies, and liaison with internationalorganisations and nongovernmental organisations;(3) Assistance to the parties in creating a favourable operational environmentfor the conduct of the ceasefire by information sharing and defusing localtension;334(4) A proactive concept for initiation of conflict management at the local level;and,

{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-@_ ljjfb ;dfwfg ;+oGqsf] ?kdf sfd ug] { . ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltn] o; ;Demf}tfsf]sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ;a} ljjfb / ;}Go jf ;~rfng ;DaGwL sl7gfO{, ph'/L, k|Zg jf ;d:ofx?sf];dfwfg ug] {5 .-#_ ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug] { sfo{df ;xof]u ug] { . ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltn] kIfx?sf] cf:yf /lj:jf; k|fKt ug] { / g]kfnL hgtfdfem o; ;Demf}tfsf ;du| nIox? k|j4{g ug] { p2]Zon] sfdug]{5 .oL nIox? xfl;n ug] { p2]Zon] ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltn] b]xfosf cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx? cg';f/sfd ug] {5 M-!_ ;Dej eP;Ddsf] tNnf] txdf ;a} ;d:of / ljjfbx? ;dfwfg ug] { cyf{t ;+o'Qm cg'udg6f]nLx?nfO{ clVtof/ k|Tofof]hg ug] { .-@_ kIfx?sf ;/f]sf/sf ;a} 36gfx?sf ;DaGwdf pko'St cg';Gwfg u/L tT;DaGwdf k|ltj]bglbg] ;ls|o k|oTgx? dfkm{t ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg tyf cf:yf / ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug]sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] .-#_ o; k|lqmofdf xfl;n ul/Psf kf7x?sf] cfwf/df cl3 a9\g] .;+o'Qm cg'udg 6f]nLx?n] :yfgLo txdf / :ynut e|d0fsf] dfWodaf6 ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{;xof]u ug] {5g\ . Pshgf cGt/f{li6«o cg'udgstf{ ;+o'Qm cg'udg 6f]nLsf] g]tf x'g]5 / g]kfnL ;]gfsf]Pshgf cg'udgstf{ / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] Pshgf cg'udgstf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:o x'g]5g\ . ;+o'Qm cg'udg6f]nLx?sf] ;+Vof / v6gk6g ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldltsf] cWoIfn] ;f] lgsfo;Fu k/fdz{ u/Llgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .;+o'Qm cg'udg 6f]nLsf sfdx?df lgDglnlvt sfdx? ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ M-!_ ufpF / ;d'bfox?sf] e|d0f ug] { / gful/s ;d'bfo;Fu ;Dks{ :yflkt ug] {,-@_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf cGo lgsfox?;Fusf] ;xof]u / cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yf / u}/–;/sf/L;+:yfx?;Fu ;Dks{ :yflkt ug] {,-#_ hfgsf/Lsf] cfbfgk|bfg u/L tyf :yfgLo tgfjnfO{ lgis[o agfO{ o'4lj/fdsf] ;~rfngsf]nflu cg's'n sfo{jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ kIfx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug] {,-$_ :yfgLo txdf åGå Joj:yfkgsf] yfngL ug{sf] nflu ;lqmotfd'vL cjwf/0ff cjnDag ug] {,/,335

THE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRST TO SIXTH AMENDMENTS(5) Investigation of complaints linked to possible alleged violations of theagreement, reference paragraph 5.1, and to recommend measures to ensurecompliance.Joint Monitoring Teams will not be used for designated weapons storage inspections.7 MiscellaneousThis agreement can be revised at any time with the consent of both parties. Bothparties agree to provide to each other prior written information if they wish to makeany change. The amendments can be made to the agreement with the consent of bothparties after receiving the information. The provisions to be made by such anamendment will not fall below the minimum standards of accepted internationalhuman rights and humanitarian laws.Both parties consent to sign any complementary understandings, as necessary, forthe implementation of the present agreement.This agreement will be signed by both parties in Nepali and English. The UnitedNations will witness the English language version of this agreement and, accordingly,the English-language version of this agreement will be considered as authoritativein matters of dispute.The spirit of the Comprehensive Peace Accord shall guide the interpretation andimplementation of this agreement by all the parties.This agreement shall come into force upon signature, and it supersedes the agreementof the same name done on the 28th day of November 2006 (12 Mangsir 2063 BS).Done in Kathmandu, Nepal on the 8th day of December 2006 (22 Mangsir 2063 BS)___________________Krishna Bahadur MaharaCoordinatorNegotiating teamCPN (Maoist)___________________Krishna Prasad SitaulaCoordinatorNegotiating teamGovernment of Nepal336Witnessed byIan MartinPersonal Representative of the Secretary-GeneralUnited Nations

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt-%_ o; ;Demf}tf, ;Gbe{ k|s/0f %=!, sf] ;efljt cf/f]lkt pNn+3g;Fu ;DalGwt ph'/Lx?sf]cg';Gwfg u/L kl/kfngf ;'lglZrt ug] { pkfox? l;kmfl/z ug] { .tf]lsPsf] xltof/ e08f/0f lg/LIf0f ug{sf nflu ;+o'Qm cg'udg 6f]nLx?nfO{ k|of]u ul/g] 5}g .&= ljljwb'j} kIfsf] ;xdltaf6 k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf s'g} klg ;dodf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;+zf]wg ug{ rfx]df;f]sf] k"j{ lnlvt ;"rgf csf] { kIfnfO{ k|bfg ug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ . To;/L ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5 b'j}kIfsf] ;xdltaf6 o; ;Demf}tfnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg]5 . To:tf] ;+zf]wgn] ug] { Joj:yf dfGotfk|fKtcGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ / dfgjtfjfbL sfg"gsf Go"gtd dfkb08x?eGbf Go"g x'g] 5}g .b'j} kIf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZostfg';f/ k"/s ;dembf/Lx?df x:tfIf/ ug{ dGh"/ub{5g\ .b'j} kIfn] o; ;Demf}tfsf] g]kfnL / c+u| ]hL efiffsf k|ltx?df x:tfIf/ ug] {5g\ . ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3sf]/f]xj/df o; ;Demf}tfsf] c+u| ]hL efiffsf] k|ltdf x:tfIf/ ul/g]5, / ;f]xL cg';f/, dtleGgtf pTkGgePsf ljifox?df o; ;Demf}tfsf] c| +u| ]hL efiffsf] k|ltnfO{ cflwsfl/s dflgg]5 .;a} kIfx?af6 ul/g] o; ;Demf}tfsf] JofVof / sfof{Gjog lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] dd{af6 lgb] {lztx'g]5 .of] ;Demf}tf x:tfIf/ ePsf] ldltb]lv nfu" xg]5 / o;n] !@ d+l;/ @)^# -@* gf]e]Da/ @))^_ sf lbg;DkGg o;} gfdsf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ lj:yflkt ug] {5 .sf7df8f+ }, g]kfndf @@ d+l;/ @)^# -* l8;]Da/ @))^_ sf lbg ;DkGg eof] .––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f;+of]hsjftf{ 6f]nLg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_/f]xj/Oofg dfl6{g;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf dxf;lrjsf k|ltlglws[i0f k|;fb l;6f}nf;+of]hsjftf{ 6f]nLg]kfn ;/sf/337

The InterimConstitution ofNepal, 2063 (2007)AS AMENDED BY THE FIRSTTO SIXTH AMENDMENTSThis publication of the InterimConstitution of Nepal 2007 is new inseveral ways. Firstly, the English translationhas been revised to remove inaccuraciesand clarify obscurities which result fromthe haste in which the first translation hadto be prepared. Secondly, it integrates theamendments made by the sixamendment Acts into the text of theConstitution - thus it shows the completetext as it is in force, at the date this volumeis published. It also makes it clear whatthose amendments are. Thirdly, not onlydoes it have both the official Nepali andrevised English translation in one volume,but it puts the Nepali text opposite thecorresponding English text. This will beconvenient for anyone who would mainlyuse the translation but needs to be able torefer to the authoritative original, and alsofor translators who want to know howexpressions are translated.This publication has been prepared byUNDP/Nepal with help from othersespecially within the UN community.g]kfnsf]cGtl/d;+ljwfg, 2063klxnf]b]lv 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxtg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] of];+:s/0f w]/} lsl;dn] gf}nf] 5 . k|ydtM,klxnf] cg'jfb xtf/df tof/ ug'{ k/]sfsf/0f ePsf c;fGble{stf x6fpg tyfc:ki6 s'/fx¿nfO{ :ki6 ug{ cª\u|]hLcg'jfbnfO{ kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] 5 . bf];|f] s'/fxfn ;Ddsf 5j6f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwts'/fx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] kf7df PsLs[tul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] of] k':ts k|sfzgePsf] ldlt;Dd sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] k"0f{kf7 o;df /flvPsf]5 . s] s] s'/fdf ;+zf]wg eP eGg] af/]dfklg o;n] :ki6 kfb{5 . t];|f], o;df g]kfnLefiffdf n]lvPsf] cflwsfl/s ;+ljwfg /cª\u|]hL efiffdf ul/Psf] kl/dflh{t cg'jfbdfq geO{ g]kfnL / cª\u|]hL kf7nfO{ cfdg];fdg] klg /flvPsf] 5 . cg'jflbt;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug]{x¿sf lglDt of] d'Vo¿kdf ;xh x'g]5, t/ cflwsfl/s ;+:s/0fklg x]/] plrt x'g]5 . cleJolQmx¿nfO{s;/L cg'jfb ul/Psf] 5 eGg] hfGg rfxg]cg'jfbsx¿sf nflu klg of] pkof]uL x'g]5 .of] k':ts ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfocGtu{tsf cGo lgsfox¿sf] ;xof]udfo'Pg8LkL÷g]kfnåf/f tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .