oa 74 part 01 pilon layout - Ontario Archaeological Society
oa 74 part 01 pilon layout - Ontario Archaeological Society oa 74 part 01 pilon layout - Ontario Archaeological Society
Pilon A Stone Tool Cache from the Hudson Bay Lowlands 19regards future needs and the bifaces are generalizedand lend themselves to transformation intoa wide array of implements.Earlier it was suggested that there are a varietyof reasons for the creation of a cache and its eventualdiscovery by archaeologists. While the variousanalyses and observations reported here doenlighten us about the history of this particularcollection of stone tools and blanks, they remainsilent about the circumstances leading to theapparent abandonment of the collection.Was this stockpile of implements and blanksleft in the corner of a winter lodge that was notreturned to because of an accident while awayfrom the camp? Did the owner(s) intend toreturn but circumstances changed and theopportunity to return just never presented itself?Was the campsite caught in an unexpected springflood, burying the birch-bark container and itsprecious contents, as might be indicated by thelayer of sand and silt above the cache (Figure 5:middle image)? Might these objects have beenleft in anticipation of someone else passingthrough and needing a quick supply of stonetools? Answers to these questions are clearlybeyond the scope of archaeology but remain anintriguing source of rich speculation to drive furtherinvestigations.Acknowledgements. I express my sincere appreciationto my colleague, David Keenlyside, forhis critical reading of an earlier draft of this article.While the fieldwork that resulted in the discoveryof this unique collection of stone toolswas carried out more than 20 years ago and generouslysupported by Ontario HeritageFoundation funding and the Arctic WorkingGroup of the University of Toronto, several additionalpieces to this story were acquired morerecently, namely the blood residue analysis andthe radiocarbon dating of the birch-bark containerfragment. I am thus indebted to MargaretNewman for her residue analysis and to RichardMorlan for helping to provide the importantchronological anchor, and, of course, to theCanadian Museum of Civilization for providingthe institutional framework under which suchwork can take place.I thank Richard Gerrard of Toronto for hiscareful excavation of the Ouissinaougouk cachein the summer of 1983 and for his excellentmemory of the care he took in packaging the collectionfor shipping. Finally, I would like tothank Pat Julig, Susan Jamieson and AndrewStewart for reviewing the manuscript and providingconstructive comments that allowed usefulrefinement of some thoughts and clarificationof others. In the end, however, I retain fullresponsibility for all errors or omissions whichmay remain.References CitedBinford, Lewis1983 In Pursuit of the Past. Decoding theArchaeological Record. Thames and Hudson,New York, New York.Bishop, Charles A.1972 Demography, Ecology and Trade Among theNorthern Ojibwa. Western Canadian Journalof Anthropology 3(1):58-71.Boas, Franz1964 The Central Eskimo. Originally published asa part of the 6 th Annual Report (1884-1885)of the Bureau of Ethnology, SmithsonianInstitution, Washington, 1888. Universityof Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska.Bradley, Richard1996 Hoards and Hoarding. In The OxfordCompanion to Archaeology, edited by BrianM. Fagan, p. 306. Oxford University Press,New York and Oxford.Cowan, Frank L.1999 Making Sense of Flake Scatters: LithicTechnological Strategies and Mobility.American Antiquity 64:593-607.Cumming, L.M.1969 Rivers of the Hudson Bay Lowland. In EarthScience Symposium on Hudson Bay, edited byP.J. Hood, pp. 144-168. Geological Surveyof Canada Paper 68-53. Geological Surveyof Canada, Ottawa.Dawson, K.C.A.1983 Prehistory of the Interior Forest of NorthernOntario. In Boreal Forest Adaptations, editedby A. Theodore Steegmann, Jr., pp. 55-84.Plenum Press, New York.Ellis, C.J., and D.B. Deller2002 Excavations at the Caradoc Site (AfHj-104):A Late Palaeo-Indian Ritual Artifact Deposit.
20 Ontario Archaeology No. 74, 2002Occasional Publication 8. London Chapter,Ontario Archaeological Society, London.Ellis, Chris J., and Neal Ferris (editors)1990 The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D.1650. Occasional Publication 5. LondonChapter, Ontario Archaeological Society,London.Hamilton, Scott2004 Early Holocene Human Burials at Wapekeka(FlJj-1), Northern Ontario. In The LatePalaeo-Indian Great Lakes: Geological andArchaeological Investigations of Late Pleistoceneand Early Holocene Environments, edited by L.Jackson and A. Hinshelwood, pp. 337-368.Archaeological Survey of Canada MercurySeries Paper 165. Canadian Museum ofCivilization, Gatineau.Hiscock, P.1989 The Concept of a Cache. Archaeology inOceania 24:38-39.Julig, Patrick1982 Human Use of the Albany River fromPreceramic Times to the Late EighteenthCentury. Unpublished MA thesis, Departmentof Geography, York University. Toronto.1988 Prehistoric Site Survey in the Western JamesBay Lowlands, Northern Ontario. In BorealForest and Sub-Arctic Archaeology, edited by C.S.Reid, pp. 121-145. Occasional Publication 6.London Chapter, Ontario ArchaeologicalSociety, London.Julig, Patrick, L.A. Pavlish, C. Clark, and R.G.V.Hancock1992 Chemical Characterization and Sourcing ofUpper Great Lakes Cherts by INAA.Ontario Archaeology 54:37-50.Lister, Ken1988 Provisioned at Fishing Stations: Fish and theNative Occupation of the Hudson BayLowland. In Boreal Forest and Sub-ArcticArchaeology, edited by C.S. Reid, pp. 72-99.Occasional Publication 6. London Chapter,Ontario Archaeological Society, London.Loring, Stephen1989 Une réserve d’outils de la période Intermédiairesur la côte du Labrador. Recherches amérindiennesau Québec 19(2-3):45-57.Lytwyn, Victor1993 The Hudson Bay Lowland Cree in the FurTrade to 1821: A Study in HistoricalGeography. Unpublished PhD dissertation,Department of Geography, University ofManitoba. Winnipeg.1994 Pleinement conscients de leur importance: lesCris des basses terres de la Baie d’Hudson et lachasse aux oies (XVIIIe siècle). Recherchesamérindiennes au Québec 24(3):53-65.2002 Muskekowuck Athinuwick. Original People ofthe Great Swampy Land. University ofManitoba Press, Winnipeg.MacDonald, B.C.1969 Glacial and Interglacial Stratigraphy, HudsonBay Lowland. In Earth Science Symposium onHudson Bay, edited by P.J. Hood, pp. 78-99.Geological Survey of Canada Paper 68-53.Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.Mazière, G.1984 Pièce esquillée, outil ou déchet? Bulletin dela Société préhistorique française 81(6):182-187.Morrow, Toby A.1996 Bigger is Better: Comments on Kuhn’sFormal Approach to Mobile Tool Kits.American Antiquity 61:581-590.Newman, Margaret1987 Appendix C. In Washahoe InninouDahtsuounoaou: Ecological and CulturalAdaptation Along the Severn River in theHudson Bay Lowlands of Ontario, edited byJ.-L. Pilon, pp. 328-329. ConservationArchaeology Report 10. Ministry of Culture,Northwest Region, Kenora.1992 Immunological Analysis of Artifacts fromOuissinaougouk Cache, Ontario, Canada.Ms. 3557 on file, Canadian Museum ofCivilization, Gatineau.Norris, A.W., and B.V. Sanford1969 Palaeozoic and Mesozoic geology of theHudson Bay Lowlands. In Earth ScienceSymposium on Hudson Bay, edited by P.J.Hood, pp. 169-205. Geological Survey ofCanada Paper 68-53. Geological Survey ofCanada, Ottawa.Osgood, Cornelius1936 Contributions to the Ethnography of the Kutchin.Yale University Publications in Anthropology14. Yale University Press, London.Pilon, Jean-Luc1984 Archaeological Investigations in theRocksands Area, Severn River, NorthwesternOntario-1983. Ms. 2825, volume 2, on file,Canadian Museum of Civilization, Gatineau.1987 Washahoe Inninou Dahtsuounoaou: Ecologicaland Cultural Adaptation Along the SevernRiver in the Hudson Bay Lowlands of Ontario.Conservation Archaeology Report 10.
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20 <strong>Ontario</strong> Archaeology No. <strong>74</strong>, 2002Occasional Publication 8. London Chapter,<strong>Ontario</strong> <strong>Archaeological</strong> <strong>Society</strong>, London.Ellis, Chris J., and Neal Ferris (editors)1990 The Archaeology of Southern <strong>Ontario</strong> to A.D.1650. Occasional Publication 5. LondonChapter, <strong>Ontario</strong> <strong>Archaeological</strong> <strong>Society</strong>,London.Hamilton, Scott2004 Early Holocene Human Burials at Wapekeka(FlJj-1), Northern <strong>Ontario</strong>. In The LatePalaeo-Indian Great Lakes: Geological and<strong>Archaeological</strong> Investigations of Late Pleistoceneand Early Holocene Environments, edited by L.Jackson and A. Hinshelwood, pp. 337-368.<strong>Archaeological</strong> Survey of Canada MercurySeries Paper 165. Canadian Museum ofCivilization, Gatineau.Hiscock, P.1989 The Concept of a Cache. Archaeology inOceania 24:38-39.Julig, Patrick1982 Human Use of the Albany River fromPreceramic Times to the Late EighteenthCentury. Unpublished MA thesis, De<strong>part</strong>mentof Geography, York University. Toronto.1988 Prehistoric Site Survey in the Western JamesBay Lowlands, Northern <strong>Ontario</strong>. In BorealForest and Sub-Arctic Archaeology, edited by C.S.Reid, pp. 121-145. Occasional Publication 6.London Chapter, <strong>Ontario</strong> <strong>Archaeological</strong><strong>Society</strong>, London.Julig, Patrick, L.A. Pavlish, C. Clark, and R.G.V.Hancock1992 Chemical Characterization and Sourcing ofUpper Great Lakes Cherts by INAA.<strong>Ontario</strong> Archaeology 54:37-50.Lister, Ken1988 Provisioned at Fishing Stations: Fish and theNative Occupation of the Hudson BayLowland. In Boreal Forest and Sub-ArcticArchaeology, edited by C.S. Reid, pp. 72-99.Occasional Publication 6. London Chapter,<strong>Ontario</strong> <strong>Archaeological</strong> <strong>Society</strong>, London.Loring, Stephen1989 Une réserve d’outils de la période Intermédiairesur la côte du Labrador. Recherches amérindiennesau Québec 19(2-3):45-57.Lytwyn, Victor1993 The Hudson Bay Lowland Cree in the FurTrade to 1821: A Study in HistoricalGeography. Unpublished PhD dissertation,De<strong>part</strong>ment of Geography, University ofManitoba. Winnipeg.1994 Pleinement conscients de leur importance: lesCris des basses terres de la Baie d’Hudson et lachasse aux oies (XVIIIe siècle). Recherchesamérindiennes au Québec 24(3):53-65.2002 Muskekowuck Athinuwick. Original People ofthe Great Swampy Land. University ofManitoba Press, Winnipeg.MacDonald, B.C.1969 Glacial and Interglacial Stratigraphy, HudsonBay Lowland. In Earth Science Symposium onHudson Bay, edited by P.J. Hood, pp. 78-99.Geological Survey of Canada Paper 68-53.Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.Mazière, G.1984 Pièce esquillée, outil ou déchet? Bulletin dela Société préhistorique française 81(6):182-187.Morrow, Toby A.1996 Bigger is Better: Comments on Kuhn’sFormal Appr<strong>oa</strong>ch to Mobile Tool Kits.American Antiquity 61:581-590.Newman, Margaret1987 Appendix C. In Washahoe InninouDahtsuoun<strong>oa</strong>ou: Ecological and CulturalAdaptation Along the Severn River in theHudson Bay Lowlands of <strong>Ontario</strong>, edited byJ.-L. Pilon, pp. 328-329. ConservationArchaeology Report 10. Ministry of Culture,Northwest Region, Kenora.1992 Immunological Analysis of Artifacts fromOuissinaougouk Cache, <strong>Ontario</strong>, Canada.Ms. 3557 on file, Canadian Museum ofCivilization, Gatineau.Norris, A.W., and B.V. Sanford1969 Palaeozoic and Mesozoic geology of theHudson Bay Lowlands. In Earth ScienceSymposium on Hudson Bay, edited by P.J.Hood, pp. 169-205. Geological Survey ofCanada Paper 68-53. Geological Survey ofCanada, Ottawa.Osgood, Cornelius1936 Contributions to the Ethnography of the Kutchin.Yale University Publications in Anthropology14. Yale University Press, London.Pilon, Jean-Luc1984 <strong>Archaeological</strong> Investigations in theRocksands Area, Severn River, Northwestern<strong>Ontario</strong>-1983. Ms. 2825, volume 2, on file,Canadian Museum of Civilization, Gatineau.1987 Washahoe Inninou Dahtsuoun<strong>oa</strong>ou: Ecologicaland Cultural Adaptation Along the SevernRiver in the Hudson Bay Lowlands of <strong>Ontario</strong>.Conservation Archaeology Report 10.
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