"Calling Tugs attending"CONSCRIPTION AND AUSTRALIAN MILITARY CAPABILITYby Darcy McGaurrPrice $1.50(Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence. No. 11)A publication <strong>of</strong> The Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, <strong>Australia</strong>n National University,Canberra.Established TowageJ. FENWICK & CO. PTY. LTD.Services at Sydney, Botany Bay, Newcastle, Port Kembla, Port Lalta, TasmaniaA SATISFACTORY CONNECTION THE NAVY DEPT ANDBritish Box Co. Pty. Ltd.67-3054 — PHONE — 67-3054Who are Proud to be Associated with theR.A.N, in the Supply <strong>of</strong>WOODEN CRATES & PALLETSFor All Enquiries . .MR. H. KAYBRITISH BOX CO. PTY. LTD.Coward Street, W/Mascot, N.S.W.This is the eleventh in a series <strong>of</strong>papers published by the Strategicand Defence Studies Centre <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Australia</strong>n National University and.like its predecessors, is a valuablework for the serious student <strong>of</strong>current affairs. As <strong>Australia</strong>'scommitment to the Vietnam wardraws to a close, a study <strong>of</strong> the costeffectiveness <strong>of</strong> conscription is notonly timely, but overdue. Mr.McGaurr advances detailedarguments to support his case that'conscription is the most expensivesystem <strong>of</strong> military manpowerprocurement" (page 25).From his own research and byreferring to several prestigiousAmerican works, including theReport <strong>of</strong> the President'sCommission on an All-VolunteerArmed Force (Chairman: Thomas S.Gates). Mr. McGaurr shows, by aseries <strong>of</strong> graphs and tables, severaldifferent views on the expectedsupply <strong>of</strong> volunteers for the armedforces and the costs to thecommunity involved in the varioussystems.Mr. McGaurr goes on to give a briefreview <strong>of</strong> the likely areas <strong>of</strong> deployment<strong>of</strong> <strong>Australia</strong>n forces in the nearfuture — South East Asia.Malaysia/Singapore. Papua NewGuinea and the <strong>Australia</strong>n Mainland.Where South East Asia (excludingMalaysia/Singapore) is concerned,he quite correctly points out thatthere would be no significant<strong>Australia</strong>n involvement unlessAmerican ground forces wereinvolved — an unlikely event afterVietnam.Where the Malaysia/Singaporeregion is concerned. Mr. McGaurrmakes valuable comments aboutthe type <strong>of</strong> force to be committed tothe area, particularly in regard tothe question <strong>of</strong> technology asopposed to manpower. His suggestion<strong>of</strong> a "Strike Force" certainlybears close investigation.When he turns to the defence <strong>of</strong>the <strong>Australia</strong>n mainland. Mr.McGaurr makes the point that sincethere does not appear to be anythreat <strong>of</strong> invasion within the next tenyears. "<strong>Australia</strong>'s force structureshould be such as to provide not somuch a present capability as apotential capability .... A conscripttrained in <strong>1971</strong> will not be a valuabledefence asset in the event <strong>of</strong> aninvasion in 1985" (not under ourpresent system, anyway). He states(and I agree with him) that <strong>Australia</strong>should be spending its resources onitems with a longer term pay-<strong>of</strong>f —dockyards, ships, aircraft, airfields.roads etc. Whilst this iscertainly true, there is even more tobe said: <strong>Australia</strong> should be devotinga lot more <strong>of</strong> its defence budgettowards building a local aircraftindustry with a capacity to designand build multi-engine fixed-wingand rotary-wing aircraft. Soldierscan be trained (or re-trained)comparatively speedily, but acapacity to design and build aircrafttakes years to develop.Again, the part-time servicemancan draw from the article not only ajustification for his own existence,but an illustration <strong>of</strong> the value <strong>of</strong>reserve forces.Whilst a conscript trained in <strong>1971</strong>might not be a valuable asset in1985. the 20 year old CMr soldier orNaval Reserve seaman <strong>of</strong> <strong>1971</strong> maywell, if properly trained and encouraged.be a 34 year old Captain orWarrant Officer or Lieutenant orPetty Officer in 1985 Soldiers andsailors can be trained in a hurry, butleaders cannot.One solution Mr. McGaurr <strong>of</strong>fers isthat <strong>of</strong> the Student-soldier, paid bythe Army to be a full-time studentbut obliged to spend all or part <strong>of</strong> hisvacations in the Army. An interestingidea, well worth studying, buthas it not already been done? In themid 1960's. (when the Army hadmoney). University Regiments hadan allocation <strong>of</strong> 73 days hometraining pay per man (and so did theCommandos), and it was notunusual for soldiers who were fulltimestudents to spend up to tenweeks per year in camps <strong>of</strong> continuoustraining. Mr. McGaurr'ssuggested scheme appears to differonly in detail from the reality <strong>of</strong>University Regiments in theirheyday.I commend this paper to all seriousstudents <strong>of</strong> defence.Pm« Fortv-twoTHE NAVY <strong>Nov</strong>ember-<strong>Dec</strong> ember-<strong>Jan</strong>uary, <strong>1971</strong>/<strong>Nov</strong>ember-<strong>Dec</strong>ember-<strong>Jan</strong>uary, <strong>1971</strong>/72THE NAVYP«C« Forty-three
Edmunds Bros.Pty. Ltd.ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE EQUIPMENTWHOLESALERS464 LATROBE STREET, MELBOURNEPhone: 30 4171922 Nepean Highway, Moorabbin — 95 183928C Ashley Street, West Footscray — 689-2309JOHN BROWNMen's & Boys' Knitwear — Knitshirts & SocksHar Ma|aa|y • Ship ALBION, ona <strong>of</strong> tha moat raraatUa aNpa In Ma Brltlah Nary. Thla 23.300 tonvaaaal la an avary-raady. fo-anywhara taak lorea that »aa orfclnalfy a madkim .Had aircraft carrfarNo» a 'commando ahlp". ALBION la a mobUa baaa tor crack Royal Marlnaa and artUlaryman .ho.with aupportlng armour. haHcoptara and Undine craft, can carry out nacaatary oparatlont awlftlyALBION, capabla <strong>of</strong> a apaad <strong>of</strong> 2. kn<strong>of</strong>a. la Naraatf aqulppad aHth rockat launctera. ant, aircraft(una and elactr onk datactton aqulpmant.Her Majesty's Ship Albion is one <strong>of</strong> the most versatile in Britain's Royal<strong>Navy</strong>. For here is an every-ready, go-anywhere task force. On board, Albioncan carry a Royal Marine Commando unit equivalent to a full strength armybattalion. Backed by helicopters, armour and landing craft, the troops can belifted ashore at speed to deal with trouble or emergency. Albion itself is armedwith anti-aircraft guns, rocket launchers and electronic detection equipment.JOHN BROWN INDUSTRIES LIMITED110 TRENERRY CRESCENT, ABB0TSF0RD, VIC.Phones: 41 7016; 41 5221One <strong>of</strong> the most versatile ships in at short notice at any trouble spot in can carry Commando Lightthe British Royal <strong>Navy</strong>. Her Maiesty's any kind <strong>of</strong> terrain in the world, to Batteries <strong>of</strong> the Royal Artillery, withShip Albion is practically a task answe' a call for assistance in deal- their 105 millimetre howitzers fromforce on its own. ever ready to mg with an armed revolt or to cope the ship to the operational area inanswer the call <strong>of</strong> a civil authority with aid and rescue operations after support <strong>of</strong> the marines The pilotsashore in times <strong>of</strong> unrest or disaster, a natural disaster. have been trained to fly in allFor Albion, originally a medium- With their mortars, anti-tank guns weathers, and in a wide variety <strong>of</strong> tersized aircraft carrier operating fixed- and light transport, they can be rain without ground navigationalwing aircraft, is now a "commando moved more than 100 miles (160 aids and to make the best use <strong>of</strong>ship" serving as a mobile base for a kilometres) inland by the ship's cover. They not only move the troopshighly trained military force <strong>of</strong> Wessex helicopters, each <strong>of</strong> which into action, but keep them suppliedRoyal Marines and artillerymen, can carry a dozen or more fully and are ready to move them quicklywith a large squadron <strong>of</strong> helicopters armed combat troops or the equival- from one point to another in theand four landing cralt to carry out ent weight m stores, such as Land trouble zone by day or night, and canland operations Rovers, light artillery or bulky loads move any casualties straight backA Royal Marine Commando Unit, <strong>of</strong> fuel and ammunition that can be to the Albion lor medical treatmentequivalent to a full strength army slung below the aircraft. The commandos have the fourbattalion, embarked in the Albion All-Weather Pilots landing craft to put them and theircan be moved into action swiftly and In the same way. the helicopters transport ashore over beaches ifPage Forty-sixTHE NAVY<strong>Nov</strong>ember-Deiember-<strong>Jan</strong>uary,<strong>Nov</strong>.mtwr-DK.mtMr-J.nu.ry, <strong>1971</strong>/72 Pag. Forty-aw«nTHE NAVY