Zero Discharge Desalination - Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies

ZDDZero Discharge Desalination

ZDD is a new membrane desalination technology that achieves higherrecovery than any alternative available in the marketplace.Unparalleled in its ability to sustain water resources, ZDD is ideal for brackish groundwater treatment, retrofitting forbrine streams from reverse osmosis/nanofiltration (RO/NF) systems, as a plant capacity expansion add-on, and otherapplications where water scarcity and limitations in recovery must be overcome. ZDD can be applied to reduce or eliminatethe need for more costly, less environmentally friendly disposal options such as deep well injection, large evaporationponds, thermal evaporation, or waste hauling.RO SystemTechnology Applications> Inland brackish groundwater treatment for potablewater uses> RO/NF system retrofits for improved recovery rates> Plant capacity expansion as an end-of-pipe additionPerformance DataTechnology Benefits> Cost-effective Solution> Water Recovery of 95 – 99% Achievable> Extremely Low Waste Volume> Reduces or Eliminates Brine Disposal Costs> Salable or Reusable Byproducts in some Applications> Easy Operation and Maintenance> Pilot Testing Available> Environmentally FriendlyFeed WaterEDM Diluate RecycleRO ConcentrateEDM FeedProduct WaterEDM StackMixed Sodium SaltsEDM DiluateMixed Chloride Salts+ -Electrode RinseSodium ChlorideSource Water NF Permeate EDM Feed EDM Diluate MixedChloride SaltsMixedSodium SaltsCa, mg/l 250 19 380 160 17,000 690Mg, mg/l 94 7.5 190 86 7,400 220Na, mg/l 370 150 580 350 21,000 27,000SO 4, mg/l 1,300 9.5 2,600 1,300 1,600 25,000Cl, mg/l 290 260 140 100 89,000 14,000F, mg/l 1.7 0.86 1.8 0.82 ND 72SiO 2, mg/l 24 23 33 33 5.7 37TDS, mg/l 2,300 471 3,840 1,940 133,000 100,000Technology DescriptionZDD utilizes electrodialysis metathesis (EDM) to remove salts from water at high levels of product water recovery. TheEDM process operates in an ion substitution mode to prevent divalent salts from precipitating while producing purifiedwater. As a result, the ZDD process can achieve significantly higher levels of water recovery than a conventional reverseosmosis or electrodialysis process.Source feed water, conditioned as needed, is typically sent to an RO process. RO is utilized to remove salts from the pretreatedfeed water and to recover product water. The concentrated salts rejected by the RO are fed to the EDM process,which is utilized to further concentrate the salts into two concentrate streams: one rich in calcium chloride and the otherin sodium sulfate. Blowdown of the two concentrate streams may be mixed together to precipitate calcium sulfate, orgypsum. The diluate of the EDM is returned to the RO feed.The ZDD process has the flexibility to incorporate other “bolt-on” technologies as needed to efficiently remove specificconstituents from the influent stream. For example, if silica is present in significant concentrations, a silica removalprocess may be included in the system. Other processes may be added to suit unique project needs.Solubility, g per 100g of solution40302010Solubility of Salts in waterCaCl 2Maximum 3.1 M at 33°CNaClNa 2SO 4CaSO 40 2040 60Temperature, °CZDD converts CaSO 4, a sparingly soluble salt,into two very soluble salts, CaCl 2and Na 2SO 4, inhighly concentrated, low volume solutions.NFPermeateMixedChlorideSaltsMixedSodiumSaltsFlow Rate, gpm 25 0.2 0.2Overall ProcessEfficiency98.4%

For municipal applications, contact:Kruger Inc.401 Harrison Oaks Blvd.Cary, NC 27513Phone: 919.677.8310Fax: 919.677.0062www.krugerusa.comZDD.info@veoliawater.comFor industrial applications, contact:N.A. Water Systems, LLC250 Airside Drive - Airside Business ParkMoon Township, PA 15108Phone: 800-337-0777Fax: 412-809-6111www.nawatersystems.comZDD.info@veoliawater.comVeolia Water Solutions & Technologies is committed to delivering sustainable solutions andresource recovery based on three key principles:Service – We provide customer care at its best, not only through operation and maintenancecontracts and asset management, but also aftermarket field services and Hydrex chemicals.Value – We seek opportunities for recycle and reuse of resources, product recovery, andenergy production as part of our water treatment processes. For each project, we look for waysto add value for our customers.Responsibility – As part of Veolia Environnement, the world’s largest environmentalcompany, we understand the importance of our social responsibility to protect the resources ofour planet for future generations. We utilize tools such as carbon footprint evaluation and WaterImpact Index to help our customers achieve their corporate sustainability goals.