Rotary and Static UPS Technologies - Critical Facilities Round Table
Rotary and Static UPS Technologies - Critical Facilities Round Table
Rotary and Static UPS Technologies - Critical Facilities Round Table
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<strong>Rotary</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Static</strong> <strong>UPS</strong> <strong>Technologies</strong>Presented byHenry C. Lengefeld, Senior Staff Electrical EngineerEnterprise Systems <strong>and</strong> Services DivisionAmerican Power Conversion CorporationAbstractThe various rotary <strong>and</strong> static Uninterruptible Power Supply topologiesfor large applications are presented with their impact on on-sitegenerating facilities. Included are methods <strong>and</strong> configurations for dealingwith distributed generation <strong>and</strong> engine generator stability.<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
In the beginning there was ROTARYMGDCG/MBattery<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
“Incompatible”MGDCG/M<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Double Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>Automatic <strong>Static</strong> Switch BypassBatteryInputFilterRectifier/ChargerInverterLoad<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Hybrid <strong>Rotary</strong> <strong>UPS</strong>Auto Bypass BreakerInput PowerInputBreaker<strong>Static</strong>SwitchTotal IsolationInput To Output.Conditioned &Isolated OutputTo <strong>Critical</strong> LoadsPony MotorStarterGeneratorBreakerRectifier/ChargerDC DisconnectBatteryInverterMotorExciterGeneratorExciterMotorStatorMotorRotorPonyMotorGeneratorRotorGenerator Stator<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Dual Power Path <strong>Rotary</strong> <strong>UPS</strong>Integral Engine OptionAuto Bypass BreakerInputPowerInputBreakerTotal IsolationInput To Output.<strong>Static</strong>SwitchConditioned &Isolated OutputTo <strong>Critical</strong> LoadsGeneratorBreakerRectifier/ChargerInverterEngine(Diesel orNatural Gas)BaseDC DisconnectBatteryMotorExciterGeneratorExciterMotorStatorMotorRotorClutchGeneratorRotorGenerator Stator<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Kinetic Diesel <strong>UPS</strong>UtilityContactorTapped ChokeLoadDiesel Engine3 Second InductionCouplingAC Motor/GeneratorCB BB B BBB+ -CrankingBatterySealed InductionCoupling Bearings0- RPM1800- RPM Brushes“Dog” Clutch 3600- RPM1800- RPM<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Off-line Flywheel <strong>UPS</strong>Automatic Transfer Switch<strong>Static</strong> SwitchDieselGeneratorBi-directionalIntermittent DutyPower ConvertersACGenerator/MotorFlywheel20 seconds250 kW7,000 RPM600 LBS.<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Delta Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>Automatic <strong>Static</strong> Switch BypassBatteryDeltaDeltaTransformerInverterMain InverterLoad<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Typical <strong>Critical</strong> Power SystemMainsSupplyInput PanelSBPDistribution Panel<strong>UPS</strong> ModuleLoadsATSDiesel Generator<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
<strong>UPS</strong> Input Parameters That ImpactOn-site Power Generation•Power Factor•Harmonics•Power Walk-in<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Input of Br<strong>and</strong> “X” Double Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>at Full Linear LoadVolts400Powerware InputAmps20003001500200100010050000-100-500-200-1000CVCI-300-1500AV-400-200017:21:22,000 17:21:22,005 17:21:22,010 17:21:22,015 17:21:22,020CHA Volts CHB Volts CHC Volts CHA Amps CHB Amps CHC AmpsBIBVAITimed event at 12.10.2000 17:21:22,000Sync channel =CHA (4 WIRE 3 PROBE)Unit A B C D ABCV 268.1 269.8 269.0 268.8 269.0I 645.6 649.4 647.4 0.0 1942.5kW 144.0 146.4 145.1 0.0 435.5kVA 173.1 175.2 174.2 0.0 522.5kVAR 96.0 96.2 96.3 0.0 288.6PF 0.832 0.836 0.833 0.000 0.834VTHD 5.87 5.63 5.85 5.95ITHD 29.76 29.90 30.17 0.00V H3 2.9 2.8 2.4 3.2I H3 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0KFact 6.3 6.4 6.5 0.0Dem<strong>and</strong> 131.8 134.4 133.1 0.0 399.2 (kW)Energy 60.1 62.7 62.0 0.0 184.7 (kWh)ICF 4.3 1.9 1.6 0.0HZ 60.0Vunbal 0.3<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Input of Br<strong>and</strong> “X” Double Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>at 25% Linear LoadVolts400Powerware InputAmps100030075020050010025000-100-250-200-500CVCI-300-750AV-400-100017:10:16,000 17:10:16,005 17:10:16,010 17:10:16,015 17:10:16,020CHA Volts CHB Volts CHC Volts CHA Amps CHB Amps CHC AmpsBIBVAITimed event at 12.10.2000 17:10:16,000Sync channel =CHA (4 WIRE 3 PROBE)Unit A B C D ABCV 275.4 276.0 274.2 275.2 275.2I 181.1 182.5 181.3 0.0 544.9kW 37.7 38.2 37.8 0.0 113.7kVA 49.9 50.4 49.7 0.0 149.9kVAR 32.6 32.8 32.3 0.0 97.7PF 0.756 0.759 0.760 0.000 0.758VTHD 3.63 3.30 3.45 3.24ITHD 44.80 44.78 45.17 0.00V H3 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.6I H3 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.0KFact 11.5 8.7 9.3 0.0Dem<strong>and</strong> 38.0 38.1 37.7 0.0 113.8 (kW)Energy 46.3 48.7 48.1 0.0 143.1 (kWh)ICF 15.0 2.0 2.7 0.0HZ 60.0Vunbal 0.4<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Br<strong>and</strong> “X” Double Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>Power Walk-inAmps800SoftstartMin Max MedianCHA Irms 1.29 753.68 533.01CHB Irms 0.88 761.41 527.65700600500400300200100009:51:30 09:51:40 09:51:50 09:52:00 09:52:10CHA Irms CHB Irms13.10.2000 09:51:30,00 - 13.10.2000 09:52:10,00<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Input of Br<strong>and</strong> “Y” Double Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>at 25% LoadVolts500Amps1500400300100020010005000-100-200-500CVCI-300-400-1000AVAI-500-150011:29:12,000 11:29:12,005 11:29:12,010 11:29:12,015 11:29:12,020CHA Volts CHB Volts CHC Volts CHA Amps CHB Amps CHC AmpsBIBVTimed event at 13.12.2000 11:29:12,000Sync channel =CHA (4 WIRE 3 PROBE)Unit A B C D ABCV 270.8 272.6 274.1 0.7 272.5I 439.3 441.0 440.0 0.0 1320.4kW 115.0 116.2 116.6 0.0 347.8kVA 119.0 120.2 120.6 0.0 359.8kVAR 30.5 31.0 31.0 0.0 92.4PF 0.967 0.966 0.966 0.000 0.966VTHD 3.05 3.53 3.92 0.00ITHD 6.99 7.47 6.42 0.00V H3 1.9 1.8 2.2 0.0I H3 1.6 1.7 0.2 0.0KFact 2.0 2.1 1.8 0.0Dem<strong>and</strong> 115.0 116.2 116.6 0.0 347.8 (kW)Energy 511.7 520.4 523.3 0.0 1554.2 (kWh)ICF 1.5 1.6 1.5 0.0HZ 60.0Vunbal 0.6<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Input of Br<strong>and</strong> “Y” Double Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>at Full Linear LoadVolts400Amps40030030020020010010000-100-100-200-200CV-300-300CIAIAV-400-40011:01:34,000 11:01:34,005 11:01:34,010 11:01:34,015 11:01:34,020CHA Volts CHB Volts CHC Volts CHA Amps CHB Amps CHC AmpsBVBITimed event at 13.12.2000 11:01:34,000Sync channel =CHA (4 WIRE 3 PROBE)Unit A B C D ABCV 279.8 280.0 281.2 0.6 280.3I 152.7 155.0 154.3 0.0 462.0kW 31.8 32.3 32.8 0.0 96.9kVA 42.7 43.4 43.4 0.0 129.5kVAR -28.6 -29.0 -28.5 0.0 -86.0PF -0.744 -0.745 -0.755 0.000 -0.748VTHD 2.42 2.51 2.57 0.00ITHD 14.39 15.93 14.94 0.00V H3 1.8 1.8 1.9 0.0I H3 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.0KFact 2.6 2.9 2.7 0.0Dem<strong>and</strong> 31.8 32.3 32.7 0.0 96.8 (kW)Energy 479.0 487.4 490.1 0.0 1455.3 (kWh)ICF 1.6 1.5 2.7 0.0HZ 60.0Vunbal 0.3<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Br<strong>and</strong> “Y” Double Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>Power Walk-inAmps450SoftstartMin Max MedianCHA Irms 3.02 418.73 190.2540035030025020015010050008:48:40 08:48:50 08:49:00 08:49:10 08:49:20 08:49:30CHA Irms15.12.2000 08:48:40,00 - 15.12.2000 08:49:30,00<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Input of Delta Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>at 25% Linear LoadVolts500400300Silcon InputAmps5004003002001000-100-2002001000-100-200CVCI-300-400-300-400AIAV-500-50011:00:08,000 11:00:08,005 11:00:08,010 11:00:08,015 11:00:08,020CHA Volts CHB Volts CHC Volts CHA Amps CHB Amps CHC AmpsBIBVTimed event at 12.10.2000 11:00:08,000Sync channel =CHA (4 WIRE 3 PROBE)Unit A B C D ABCV 276.2 277.0 275.1 278.5 276.1I 174.2 178.6 175.9 0.0 528.7kW 47.7 49.1 48.1 0.0 144.9kVA 48.1 49.5 48.4 0.0 146.0kVAR -6.1 -6.2 -5.4 0.0 -17.7PF -0.992 -0.992 -0.994 0.000 -0.993VTHD 3.13 3.14 3.11 4.12ITHD 2.40 2.28 4.77 0.00V H3 2.6 2.5 2.4 3.2I H3 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.0KFact 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0Dem<strong>and</strong> 47.7 49.1 48.1 0.0 144.9 (kW)Energy 71.3 71.8 75.7 0.0 218.8 (kWh)ICF 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.0HZ 60.0Vunbal 0.4<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Input of Delta Conversion <strong>UPS</strong>at Full Linear LoadVolts500Datapower InputAmps1500400300100020010005000-100-200-500CV-300-400-1000CIAIAV-500-150010:48:39,000 10:48:39,005 10:48:39,010 10:48:39,015 10:48:39,020CHA Volts CHB Volts CHC Volts CHA Amps CHB Amps CHC AmpsBVBITimed event at 12.10.2000 10:48:39,000Sync channel =CHA (4 WIRE 3 PROBE)Unit A B C D ABCV 271.1 272.8 270.0 276.3 271.3I 646.1 647.2 646.7 0.0 1940.1kW 175.0 176.4 174.5 0.0 526.0kVA 175.2 176.5 174.6 0.0 526.3kVAR -6.0 -6.4 -6.4 0.0 -18.8PF 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.000 0.999VTHD 2.84 2.85 2.74 3.65ITHD 0.66 0.84 1.01 0.00V H3 2.6 2.5 2.4 3.4I H3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0KFact 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0Dem<strong>and</strong> 175.1 176.5 174.5 0.0 526.1 (kW)Energy 47.9 48.1 52.3 0.0 148.3 (kWh)ICF 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0HZ 60.0Vunbal 0.5<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
Delta Conversion <strong>UPS</strong> Power Walk-inAmps800700SoftstartMin Max MedianCHA Irms 2.03 792.24 516.96CHB Irms 1.83 790.89 515.84CHC Irms 4.21 793.27 517.00600500400300200100015:50:35 15:50:40 15:50:45 15:50:50 15:50:55CHA Irms CHB Irms CHC Irms11.10.2000 15:50:35,00 - 11.10.2000 15:50:55,00<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>Round</strong> <strong>Table</strong>8/27/2004Power Conversion Technology Options
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