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© Commonwealth of Australia 2007This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study,research, criticism or review (as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968), and withstandard source credit included, no part may be reproduced by any process withoutwritten permission.National Library of Australia Cataloguing-In-Publication EntryKeating, Gavin, 1973-A tale of three battalions : combat morale and battlefatigue in the 7th Australian Infantry Brigade,Bougainville, 1944-45.Bibliography.Includes index.ISBN 9780642296726 (pbk.)1. Australia. Army. Infantry Brigade, 7th. 2. World War,1939-1945 - Campaigns - Papua New Guinea - BougainvilleIsland. 3. Combat - Psychological aspects. 4. Morale. I.Land Warfare Studies Centre (Australia). II. Title.(Series : Study paper (Land Warfare Studies Centre(Australia)) ; no. 312).940.5426592Land Warfare Studies Centre Study PapersISSN 1442-8547Study papers produced by the Land Warfare Studies Centre are vehicles for progressingprofessional discussion and debate concerning military strategy, particularly theapplication of land warfare concepts and capabilities to the security of Australia and itsinterests. Study papers are intended to provide comprehensive treatment of their subjectmatter at the time of publication.Series Editor: Scott Hopkins
About the AuthorMajor Gavin Keating is an infantry officer in the Australian Regular Army. He hasserved in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, the Special Air ServiceRegiment and the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment and has deployedon operations to East Timor, Bougainville and the Middle East. He is currently astudent at the Australian Command and Staff College.AcknowledgementsThis paper was completed as part of the Australian Command and Staff College’scurriculum in 2007. Professor Jeffrey Grey kindly agreed to be my academicsponsor for the project and his guidance, delivered over successive Fridaylunches, was invaluable and greatly appreciated. Colonel Roger Noble volunteeredto be my military sponsor and was helpful in guiding me through the combatmorale literature.I was very fortunate to be able to draw on the excellent work of MarkJohnston, Garth Pratten and Karl James, all of whom have made very significantcontributions to the understanding of Australia’s military history. Karl James wasparticularly helpful, and his detailed knowledge of the Bougainville campaign andsuggestions for further work were very beneficial.I am grateful to Lieutenant Colonel Malcolm McGregor of the Land WarfareStudies Centre for agreeing to publish the paper and to Scott Hopkins for takingit through the editing and production process.My father, Michael Keating, read the draft manuscript and offered somethoughtful perspectives. My wife, Myra, was, as always, most supportive, particularlygiven that our second son was born just before research began.
Page 1: A tale of three battalions:combat m
Page 5 and 6: Land Warfare Studies CentreThe Aust
Page 7 and 8: ContentsAbout the Author ..........
Page 9 and 10: IntroductionTo those who have known
Page 11 and 12: limitations of military efficiency
Page 13 and 14: operations in the most expeditious
Page 15 and 16: II Australian Corps area of operati
Page 17 and 18: AIF. Only two of the battalion 2ICs
Page 19 and 20: Swank and Marchland’s study of Al
Page 21 and 22: for giving meaning to the efforts o
Page 23 and 24: Part One7th Brigade’s Campaign on
Page 25 and 26: attle experience’.81 Matthews lat
Page 27 and 28: Southern Sector—January to May 19
Page 29 and 30: 7th Brigade area of operations, sou
Page 31 and 32: a series of patrol clashes with sma
Page 33 and 34: his officers and men are saying ope
Page 35 and 36: ‘We have been in contact for seve
Page 37 and 38: BM says 61 Bn in bad state, troops
Page 39 and 40: to endeavour to open the LOC with t
Page 41 and 42: Plate 1: Brigadier J. Field, comman
Page 43 and 44: Plate 5: A jeep train, in support o
Page 45 and 46: The brigadier visited a 61st compan
Page 47 and 48: Part TwoExplanations of Morale and
Page 49 and 50: Table 3: 7th Brigade Incidence of D
Page 51 and 52: It has been argued that Dexter’s
Page 53 and 54:
Many adverse reports on officers we
Page 55 and 56:
There was also irony in Field’s c
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That is 60 men they will never see
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just over a week after it commenced
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In many ways the 25th Battalion’s
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elieved that his instructions to th
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‘A number of refusals to go on pa
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higher proportion of forceful leade
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ConclusionPrevious studies of the c
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and return to Torokina supports thi
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BibliographyUnpublished RecordsAust
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Denham, Peter, The Blue Diamonds: H
Page 77 and 78:
Land Warfare Studies CentrePublicat
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118 Blaxland, John, Information-era
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