Notes to Financial Statements - BDO

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Notes to Financial StatementsDECEMBER 31, 2008, 2007 AND 2006(Amounts in Millions Except Per Share Data)Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies generally accompanying ashareholding of more than one-half of the voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable orconvertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date onwhich the Group obtains control. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between20% and 50% of the voting rights.In the Parent Bank financial statements, the investments in subsidiaries and associates are carried at cost, less impairment in value.2.10 Premises, Furniture, Fixtures and EquipmentPremises, furniture, fixtures and equipment are carried at acquisition cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization and any impairmentin value. Property items of the former EPCIB stated at appraised values were included in the Group balances at their deemed costs at dateof transition to PFRS on January 1, 2005. The revaluation increment is credited to Revaluation Increment account in the Equity section, net ofapplicable deferred income tax.The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price and directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to working condition for its intendeduse. Expenditures for additions, major improvements and renewals are capitalized; expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged toexpense as incurred. When assets are sold, retired or otherwise disposed of, their cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortizationand impairment losses are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in income for the period.Depreciation is computed on straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets as follows:BuildingsFurniture, fixtures and equipment10 to 50 years3 to 5 yearsLeasehold rights and improvements are amortized over the terms of the leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whicheveris shorter.An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimatedrecoverable amount (see Note 2.21).The residual values and estimated useful lives of premises, furniture, fixtures and equipment are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at eachstatement of condition date.An item of premises, furniture, fixtures and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected toarise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the netdisposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) is included in the income statement in the period the item is derecognized.2.11 Business CombinationExcept as indicated otherwise, business acquisitions are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting.Goodwill acquired in a business combination is initially measured at cost being the excess of the cost of a business combination over theGroup’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities. Following initial recognition, goodwill ismeasured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually, or more frequently if events orchanges in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired (see Note 2.21).Negative goodwill, if any, which is the excess of the Group’s interest in the net fair value of acquired identifiable assets, liabilities and contingentliabilities over cost is recognized directly to income.Transfers of assets between commonly-controlled entities are accounted for under historical cost accounting.2.12 Intangible AssetsGoodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired and branch licenses at the date ofacquisition. Goodwill is classified as intangible asset with indefinite useful life, and thus, not subject to amortization but to an annual test forimpairment (see Note 2.21). Goodwill is subsequently carried at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. Each of those cash generating units is represented byeach primary reporting segment.Acquired computer software licenses are capitalized on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and install the specific software. Thesecosts are amortized on straight-line basis over the expected useful lives of five years. Costs associated with maintaining computer softwareare expensed as incurred.2.13 Financial LiabilitiesFinancial liabilities of the Group include deposit liabilities, bills payable, derivative liabilities, subordinated notes payable and other liabilities.16Thinking Ahead To Get You Ahead • Annual Report 2008
Notes to Financial StatementsDECEMBER 31, 2008, 2007 AND 2006(Amounts in Millions Except Per Share Data)Financial liabilities are recognized when the Group becomes a party to the contractual agreements of the instrument.Deposit liabilities and other liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost less settlementpayments.Bills payable and subordinated notes payable, except for government financial assistance are recognized initially at fair value, which is theissue proceeds (fair value of consideration received), net of direct issue costs. Bills payable and subordinated notes payable are subsequentlymeasured at amortized cost; any difference between proceeds, net of transaction costs, and the redemption value is recognized in the incomestatement over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.Preferred shares, which carry a mandatory coupon or are redeemable on a specific date or at the option of the shareholder are classifiedas financial liabilities and are presented as part of Bills Payable in the statement of condition. The dividends on these preferred shares arerecognized in the income statement as interest expense on an amortized cost basis using the effective interest method.The fair value of the liability portion of a convertible bond is determined using a market interest rate for an equivalent non-convertible bond.This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortized cost basis until extinguished on conversion or maturity of the bond. The remainder ofthe proceeds is allocated to the conversion option. This is recognized and included in equity, net of income tax effects.Derivative liabilities are recognized initially and subsequently measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the incomestatement.Dividend distributions to shareholders are recognized as financial liabilities when the dividends are approved by the BSP.Financial assistance from Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation (PDIC) is accounted for under PAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants,whereby the loan received is initially recorded at the amount borrowed with no re-measurement to fair value or imputation of market interest.Financial liabilities are derecognized in the statement of condition only when the obligations are extinguished either through discharge,cancellation or expiration.2.14 Offsetting Financial InstrumentsFinancial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of condition when there is a legally enforceable rightto offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.2.15 Terminal Value of Leased Assets and Deposits on Finance LeaseThe residual value of leased assets, which approximates the amount of guaranty deposit paid by the lessee at the inception of the lease, is theestimated proceeds from the disposal of the leased asset at the end of the lease term. At the end of the lease term, the residual value of theleased asset is generally applied against the guaranty deposit of the lessee.2.16 EquityCapital stock is determined using the nominal value of shares that have been issued.Common stock option pertains to the value of the segregated equity component of the convertible loan as required under PAS 32, FinancialInstruments: Disclosures and Presentation and the cumulative amount of stock option arising from the stock option plan granted by the Groupto its qualified officers.Treasury shares include the cost of the Group’s shares of stock which were acquired by a subsidiary.Additional paid-in capital includes any premiums received on the issuance of capital stock. Any transaction costs associated with the issuanceof shares are deducted from additional paid-in capital.Surplus reserves pertain to a portion of the Group’s income from trust operations set-up on a yearly basis in compliance with BSP regulations.Surplus reserves also consist of reserve for contingencies and self-insurance.Surplus free includes all current and prior period results as disclosed in the income statement and which are available and not restricted foruse by the Group.Fair value gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities pertain to cumulative mark-to-market valuation of AFS financial assets.Revaluation increment consists of gains arising from the revaluation of land.Accumulated translation adjustment pertains to exchange differences arising on translation of the assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiariesand overseas branch that are taken directly to equity.Minority interests represent the portion of the net assets and profit or loss not attributable to the Group and are presented separately in theGroup income statement and within equity in the Group statements of condition and changes in equity.Thinking Ahead To Get You Ahead • Annual Report 2008 17
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