Maariful Quran - Mufti Shafi Usmani RA - Vol - 4 - Page

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Surah Al-Taubah : 9 : 122 496jurist), when confronting Shaytan, is stronger than a thousand worshippers.'(Tirmidhi from Ibn 'Abbas - as in Maqhari). Then, the Holy Prophet+, LjS dl & has also said, 'when a person dies, his deeds come to anend - except three, the thawiib (reward) of which keeps reaching thatperson even after death. One: mdaqah jariyah (act of charity the benefitsof which continue) such as masjid, building for religious educationor institutions of public welfare. Two: Knowledge through which peoplecontinue to benefit even later on. (For example, a student of religionbecame an 'alim who set in motion a chain of learning and teachingthe knowledge of religion for future generations; or someone wrotea book from which people kept benefiting even after the author wasgone). Three: Children who are good (in character and up-bringing)and who keep praying for parents and do things the reward (thawab)of which continues to reach them.' (Qurtubi)Details of Individual and Collective Obligation in the Learningof ReligionBacked by sound authority, Ibn 'Adiyy and al-Baihaqi report fromSayyidna Anas ir &I 2, that the Holy Prophet +, + &I & said: $'I,&$&'A$/(Seeking knowledge is obligatory on every Muslim).(~aqhari). It is'a11 too obvious that the sense of 'ilm (knowledge)- as inthis Hadith, as well as in those quoted a little earlier - is nothing butthe 'ilm of din (the knowledge of religion). Granted that worldly artsand sciences may be necessary for one as a part of the material managementof life on this earth, but their merits are not the same asmentioned in the Ahadith appearing above. Then, the 'ilm of din(knowledge of religion) is not some solitary area of knowledge. It is acomprehensive system composed of many sciences. Then, it is also obviousthat every Muslim man and woman does not have the capacityto acquire full mastery over all these sciences. Therefore, when the HadTthspeaks of 'knowledge being obligatory on every Muslim,' it meansthe particular part of the knowledge of religion without which one canneither fulfill his or her obligations, nor stay away from the haram(unlawful things) - being principles that are inseparably necessary for'Iman and Islam. As for the rest of the sciences, we should keep inmind that there are many more details of explanations, elements ofwisdom and issues culled from the Qur'Zn and Hadith alone, not tomention the great range of injunctions and laws deduced from thesesources. These are things beyond the capacity and control of every
Surah Al-Taubah : 9 : 122 497Muslim, nor has this been made an individual obligation (Fard al-'Ain)for each one of them. However, this is Fard al-Kifzyah (collective obligation),and as such, it becomes the responsibility of the Isliimic worldas a whole. The presence of one 'aim, a genuine expert in all these sciencesand religious laws in every city makes the rest of Muslims absolvedof this obligation. If a city or township has not even one 'aim, itbecomes obligatory on the people of the city or township that theyshould arrange to make someone from among themselves an 'Alim. Ifthat is also not possible, they should invite one from outside, keep himin their city so that they can know, understand and act according tothe fatwa of this scholar, specially when the need is acute and theproblems are delicate. Therefore, given below are details of Fard al-'Ain and Fard al-Kifzyah as they relate to the 'ilm of dh (knowledge ofreligion):Fard al-'Ain: Individual ObligationIt is obligatory on every Muslim, man and woman, to acquire theknowledge of:1. Islam's correct and authentic 'Aqa'id (beliefs).2. Rules of Taharah (purity) and Najasah (impurity).3. Salzh (prayers), Sawm (fasting) and all 'Ibadat made fard(obligatory) or wzjib (necessary) by the Shari'ah.4. Things declared to be haram (unlawful) or mak r &(reprehensible or repugnant).5. The rulings and injunctions of Zakzh (prescribed alms) on thepart of one who owns property or wealth above the fixed nisgb orthreshold.6. The rulings and injunctions of Hajj on the part of one who hasthe capability of performing Hajj, for it is an individual obligation onhim or her.7. The rulings and injunctions of sale and lease (bai' and ijzrah) onthe part of one who has to buy and sell or run a business or industry orwork on wages or salary, for it is his individual obligation to do that.8. The rulings and injunctions of nikKh (marriage) when gettingmarried - and of talaq (divorce) as well.In brief, there are things the Shari'ah of Islam has made obligatory
Page 11 and 12: Sirah Al-Taubah : 9 : 113 - 114 475
Page 13 and 14: Siirah Al-Taubah : 9 : 117 - 119 47
Page 17 and 18: Surah Al-Taubah : 9 : 117 - 119 481
Page 19 and 20: Sikh Al-Taubah : 9 : 117 - 119 483D
Page 21 and 22: Surah Al-Taubah : 9 : 117 - 119 485
Page 29 and 30: Sirah Al-Taubah : 9 : 122 493And it
Page 31: Sirah Al-Taubah : 9 : 122 495has th
Page 35 and 36: S6rah Al-Taubah : 9 : 122 499- -2.
Page 37 and 38: Sirah Al-Taubah : 9 : 122 501the 'A
Page 43 and 44: (Jonah)Siirah Yiinus is Makki and i
Page 45 and 46: (Alif, Lam, Mh),*+ (Ha, Mfm) anddp
Page 47 and 48: else be made an associate or partne
Page 49 and 50: vious, probabilities disclose no re
Page 51 and 52: ed adversely, and if the sun were t
Page 53 and 54: In the cited verse, the purpose is
Page 55 and 56: Hereafter) for those who fear Allah
Page 57 and 58: come pleased and content with their
Page 59: The answer is that the expression u

Maariful Quran - Mufti Shafi Usmani RA - Vol - 4 - Page

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