Swelling System: A Novel Approach Towards Gastroretentive Drug ...
Swelling System: A Novel Approach Towards Gastroretentive Drug ... Swelling System: A Novel Approach Towards Gastroretentive Drug ...
Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 3: Page No. 234-242to development of microorganism’s resistance. In most cases, due complexity of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters,in vivo studies are required to establish the optimal dosage form for a specific drug. For a certain drug, interplay of itspharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters will determine the effectiveness and benefits of the CR-GRDF compared to theother dosage forms. In the next chapters we discuss the development and evaluation of CR-GRDF for several drugs that wereperformed in our laboratory.EVALUATION PARAMETERS1. Water uptake study. 6The swelling of the polymers can be measured by their ability to absorb water and swell. The swelling property of the formulation canbe determined by various techniques. The water uptake study can be done by using USP dissolution apparatus II. Distilled water canbe used as medium, 900 ml rotated at 50 rpm. The temperature of medium should be maintained at 37±0.5 ◦C throughout the study.After a selected time intervals, the tablets should be withdrawn, blotted to remove excess water and weighed. Swelling characteristicscan be expressed in terms of water uptake (WU) asWU (%) = weight of the swollen tablet − initial weight of the tabletInitial weight of the tablet × 1002. XRay/ gamma scintigraphy. 2X‐Ray/Gamma Scintigraphy is a very popular evaluation parameter for swelling dosage form nowadays. It helps to locate dosage formin the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), by which one can predict and correlate the gastric emptying time and the passage of dosage form inthe GIT. Here the inclusion of a radio‐opaque material into a solid dosage form enables it to be visualized by X‐rays. Similarly, theinclusion of a γ‐emitting radionuclide in a formulation allows indirect external observation using a γ‐camera or scintiscanner. In caseof γ‐scintigraphy, the γ‐rays emitted by the radionuclide are focused on a camera, which helps to monitor the location of the dosageform in the GIT.241
Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 3: Page No. 234-242REFERENCES1. Tao S, and Desai T. Gastrointestinal patch systems for oral drug delivery DDT, Volume 10, Number 13 - July 2005.2. Nasa P, Mahant S, Sharma D. Floating systems:A novel approach towards gastroretentive drug delivery systems. International Journal ofPharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Vol 2, Suppl 3, (2010),0975-1491.3. Surana A. and Kotecha R. An overview on various approaches to oral controlled drug delivery system via gastroretention. ISSN 0976 –044X, Volume 2, Issue 2, Article 014, May – June (2010).4. Sheu M, Chen R, Ho.Hsiu, Yu C. Development of swelling/floating gastroretentive drug delivery system based on a combination ofhydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for Losartan and its clinical relevance in healthy volunteers with CYP2C9polymorphism. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 39 (2010) ,82–89.5. K Vinod, Vasa Santhosh, S Anbuazaghan, Banji David, A Padmasri, S Sandhya. Approaches for gastrotentive drug delivery systemsInternational Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology -0976-4550 Volume: I: Issue-2: Aug-Oct –(2010),589-601.6. Chavanpatil M, Jain P, Chaudhari S, Shear R, Vavia P. Novel sustained release, swellable and bioadhesive gastroretentive drug deliverysystem for ofloxacin. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 316 (2006),86–927. Vyas S P and Khar R K. Controlled drug delivery concepts and advances, First edition, (2002),197-198.8. Samyuktha Rani, Vedha Hari B.N, Reddy B, S Punitha, Devi P, Rajamanickam V. The recent developments on gastric floating drugdelivery systems: an overveiw. International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA):Vol.2, No.1,Jan-Mar 2010, 524-534.9. Dr. Rocca J, Midian H, Shah K. Progresses in Gastroretentive Drug Deliver y Systems. Business Briefing : Pharmatech (2003)10. Gaba P, Gaba M, Garg R, Dr. Gupta G. Floating Microspheres: A Review. Vol. 6, 5(2008).11. Shinde A, Dr. More H, Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System: An Overview. Vol. 6, 1 (2008).12. Kagan L, Hoffman A. Selection of drug candidates for gastroretentive dosage forms: Pharmacokinetics following continuous intragastricmode of administration in a rat model. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 69 (2008), 238–246.13. Afargan M, Lapidot N. Controlled release – gastric retention. Drug Delivery Supplement.T and F Informa UK Ltd. 2005, 8-9.14. Chawla G, Gupta P, Koradia V, Bansal A. Gastroretention a Means to Address Regional Variability in Intestinal Drug Absorption.Pharmaceutical Technology. July 2003, 50-68.15. Mathu P, Saroha K, Syan N, Verma S, Nanda S, Valecha V. An overview on recent advancements and developments in gastroretentivebuoyant drug delivery system. Der Pharmacia Sinica.2011, 2 (1):161-169.16. Hoffman A, Stepensky D, Lavy E, Klausner S, Michael Friedman. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of gastroretentivedosage forms. International Journal of Pharmaceutics .277 (2004) 141–153.242
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Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 3: Page No. 234-242to development of microorganism’s resistance. In most cases, due complexity of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters,in vivo studies are required to establish the optimal dosage form for a specific drug. For a certain drug, interplay of itspharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters will determine the effectiveness and benefits of the CR-GRDF compared to theother dosage forms. In the next chapters we discuss the development and evaluation of CR-GRDF for several drugs that wereperformed in our laboratory.EVALUATION PARAMETERS1. Water uptake study. 6The swelling of the polymers can be measured by their ability to absorb water and swell. The swelling property of the formulation canbe determined by various techniques. The water uptake study can be done by using USP dissolution apparatus II. Distilled water canbe used as medium, 900 ml rotated at 50 rpm. The temperature of medium should be maintained at 37±0.5 ◦C throughout the study.After a selected time intervals, the tablets should be withdrawn, blotted to remove excess water and weighed. <strong>Swelling</strong> characteristicscan be expressed in terms of water uptake (WU) asWU (%) = weight of the swollen tablet − initial weight of the tabletInitial weight of the tablet × 1002. XRay/ gamma scintigraphy. 2X‐Ray/Gamma Scintigraphy is a very popular evaluation parameter for swelling dosage form nowadays. It helps to locate dosage formin the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), by which one can predict and correlate the gastric emptying time and the passage of dosage form inthe GIT. Here the inclusion of a radio‐opaque material into a solid dosage form enables it to be visualized by X‐rays. Similarly, theinclusion of a γ‐emitting radionuclide in a formulation allows indirect external observation using a γ‐camera or scintiscanner. In caseof γ‐scintigraphy, the γ‐rays emitted by the radionuclide are focused on a camera, which helps to monitor the location of the dosageform in the GIT.241
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