Huron-St. Lawrence Iroquois Relations in the Terminal Prehistoric ...
Huron-St. Lawrence Iroquois Relations in the Terminal Prehistoric ... Huron-St. Lawrence Iroquois Relations in the Terminal Prehistoric ...
28 ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY NO. 44Fig. IHuron pottery from St. Lawrence Iroquois sites in Jefferson County.1: Black Necked with Warminster Crossed collar motif from the Morse site (Carter collection);2: Black Necked from the Morse site (Carter collection);3: Huron Incised from the Durfee site (Peabody Museum, Cambridge);4: Black Necked from the Matteson site (Carter collection);5: Miscegenated Durfee Underlined rimsherd with Huron Sidey Crossed motif superimposed from the Durfee site(Peabody Museum, Cambridge);6: Black Necked with Warminster Crossed collar motif from the Durfee site (Peabody Museum, Cambridge);7: Copeland Incised from the Mud Creek site (Carter collection).
PENDERGAST: HURON-ST. LAWRENCE RELATIONS 29form, Decorated Collared, Decorated Bulbous,Roebuck Effigy, Open-Lipped Human and SittingHuman pipes. It is noteworthy that she indicatesthat of these only the Decorated Bulbous pipe mayhave temporal or spatial significance (Weber1970:130-137). The work is flawed in this regard.The clustering of her Coronet, Mortice, WolfEffigy and Bird Effigy pipes, as it is revealed byher research, does indeed indicate the clusteringof these pipes in both time and space. It indicatesthe involvement of the Huron with the Seneca,Mohawk and St. Lawrence Iroquois on specific butdifferent time levels in each of the three regionsinvolved. The clustering of Huron ceramic pipes inthe Seneca and Mohawk regions, as defined byWeber, reflect the Huron captive villages with thoseFive Nation tribes after 1649. The earlier involvementof the Huron and the St. Lawrence Iroquoisis, in part, the subject of this paper.Squire (1851a:77), Harrington (n.d.:P1.32),Sidler (1971:11 and personal communication) andMathews (1980:296) indicate the presence of theOwl effigy pipe in Jefferson County. Harrington(n.d.:P1.33) and the Carter Collection (personalobservation) indicate Decorated Vasiform pipes arepresent. Sidler (personal communication) andMathews (1980:296) indicate the Wolf effigy pipealso is present. Rutsch (1973:195, 202, 209) illustratesWolf and Bird pipes from JeffersonCounty and adds seven coronet pipes to theinventory (Rutsch 1973:165).Emerson (1954) indicates Owl, Bear and Snakeeffigy pipes are `Intermediate Pipe Forms' inOntario while the Coronet, Decorated Vasiform,Decorated Bulbous, Decorated Collared, Wolf,Bird (duck) and Human Effigy pipes are attributableto his `Historic and Late Prehistoric'period. Emerson does not suggest dates for theseperiods. Noble (1968:249-250) attributes theCoronet, Decorated Collared, Bird, Owl, Bear,Wolf, Snake, Roebuck Human, Sitting Human,Open-Lipped Human, Human Janus and theHuman-Animal Janus pipes to the late prehistoricprotohistoricperiod. Weber (1970) attributes allthe pipes she catalogues in Jefferson County to anundetermined `Prehistoric Period'. Noble (1979:74)indicates the Owl, Snake, Bear, Wolf, Open-LippedHuman and the Sitting Human effigy pipes wereintroduced in Ontario over the period 1450-1500and the Duck effigy circa 1580. Mathews(1980:305, note 3) states "Emerson (1954:50, 57)was mistaken about the `Wolf and bird beinghistoric period markers and about owls and `bears'becoming less popular in the historic period. Mydata also indicate that Noble's (1979:74) beginningdates for `ducks' and `ravens' are too late." She alsosuggests that the open-lips of Noble's (1979) Open-Lipped pipe are attributeswhich appear throughout the Ontario sequence anddo not warrant designation as a pipe type (Mathews1980:306, note 4).Mathews' work (1981a:4) on Janus pipes,generally pipes with human or animal effigies facingin opposite directions on a pipe bowl, indicatesthe largest concentration of these pipes, nine innumber, is found in Huron territory, principally inVictoria and Simcoe counties. She also indicatesmultiple human effigy pipes (Mathews 1981a:8)and human effigies in juxtaposition (Mathews1981a:9) are most common on Huron sites inOntario. Mathews's work reveals the greatest concentrationof these ceramic pipe forms in Iroquoiaoutside of Huronia is in Jefferson County. ParentheticallyJanus ceramic pipes also occur on St.Lawrence Iroquois sites outside Jefferson County inthe Prescott village cluster and on the Dawson sitein Montreal. However these are not in the quantityor variety noted in Jefferson County and Huronia.Weber (1970:Appendix D) indicates Janus pipesoccur in her late prehistoric period, circa 1400 tocontact, while her Janus Human-Animal andDouble-Headed Ghost varieties occur in the postcontact period to circa 1650. Noble (1979:74) indicatesJanus effigy pipes appear in the Ontario Iroquoiscirca 1475. Mathews (1981a) does not suggestdates by which Janus pipes occur. Emersondoes not include Janus pipes in his Huron pipeinventory.These data on Janus ceramic pipes, which attributessixteen Janus pipes to the Huron and ten toJefferson County, are set out at Table 2.The presence of ceramic pipes in Huronia andJefferson County are set out at Table 3.In summary these data on ceramic pipes indicate15 of the 63 ceramic pipe types identified by Weberas having been found in Huron territory, or 24 percent;and 15 of the 39 ceramic pipe types identifiedin Jefferson County, or 39 percent of those pipes,are shared by the Huron and Jefferson County St.Lawrence Iroquois.Stone PipesThere are also similarities between Huron stoneeffigy pipes and those from Jefferson County.Skinner (1921:166) illustrates a stone Bird Effigypipe from Jefferson County and Woodworth(1895:52) another. Both strongly resemble the BirdEffigy pipe from Durham County (Laidlaw1914:46) and in a more general context others fromSimcoe County (Laidlaw 1913:51; 1916:67) andYork County (Laidlaw 1913:52).Skinner (1921:29, 162) notes the similarity ofthe Lizard Effigy pipes from Jefferson County(Laidlaw 1914:52; 1916:79) and those from Halton
- Page 2 and 3: 24 ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY NO. 44auspic
- Page 4 and 5: 26 ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY NO. 44Roebuc
- Page 10 and 11: 32 ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY NO. 44Bone T
- Page 12 and 13: 34 ONTARIO A RCHAEOLOGY NO. 44demon
- Page 14: 36 ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY NO. 44data s
- Page 17: PENDERGAST: HURON-ST. LAWRENCE RELA
28 ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY NO. 44Fig. I<strong>Huron</strong> pottery from <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Lawrence</strong> <strong>Iroquois</strong> sites <strong>in</strong> Jefferson County.1: Black Necked with Warm<strong>in</strong>ster Crossed collar motif from <strong>the</strong> Morse site (Carter collection);2: Black Necked from <strong>the</strong> Morse site (Carter collection);3: <strong>Huron</strong> Incised from <strong>the</strong> Durfee site (Peabody Museum, Cambridge);4: Black Necked from <strong>the</strong> Matteson site (Carter collection);5: Miscegenated Durfee Underl<strong>in</strong>ed rimsherd with <strong>Huron</strong> Sidey Crossed motif superimposed from <strong>the</strong> Durfee site(Peabody Museum, Cambridge);6: Black Necked with Warm<strong>in</strong>ster Crossed collar motif from <strong>the</strong> Durfee site (Peabody Museum, Cambridge);7: Copeland Incised from <strong>the</strong> Mud Creek site (Carter collection).
Change language