Report and Recommendations - Scottish Government
Report and Recommendations - Scottish Government Report and Recommendations - Scottish Government
Committee’s report when read as a whole. Unless the integrity of theCommittee members were to be impugned, it must be accepted that thepurpose of detention, as the members conceived it, was that stated by them tobe justified. That purpose was to further investigations and not primarily as aninstrument to prise admissions from those to be charged in any event.2.0.20 Secondly, the Act specifically provided that the permission to question did notaffect the law on admissibility of evidence 31 . Thus, answers to questionscould still be regarded as inadmissible even if the questioning had been part ofa valid six hour detention process. One particular aspect of this was, as thelegal annotators 32 of the Act declared, that detention was not, in terms of thestructure of the Act, to be regarded as a means of delaying arrest and charge.If there were sufficient evidence to arrest and charge, it was the intention ofthe Committee 33 , albeit not later expressly stated in the legislation, that thedetention should end.2.0.21 Thirdly, in the vast majority of cases, the police did not in reality exercise anydiscretion in deciding whether to allow a suspect a consultation with a solicitor.At least in cases where a suspect was detained at or about the time of theoffence, in very few interviews of an adult suspect in detention was a solicitorever permitted to be present. That is not to say that the police would not haveallowed such presence, were the solicitor to have appeared in time at thepolice office. However, because of the prevalence of crime occurring at nightand the restriction imposed by the limited six hour period, detention interviews31 s 2(5) proviso; this is still the law, see 1995 Act s14 (7)32 Scottish Current Law Statutes33 para 7.03(e)34
would often have to take place outwith normal office hours. Furthermore,even for interviews during these hours, the legal aid structure, notably theadvice and assistance scheme 34 , did not cover the presence of a solicitorduring interview. The duty agent scheme did not provide for attendance atsuch interviews. No doubt, therefore, even if a suspect had elected to contacthis solicitor, it would have been unlikely (although by no means impossible)that a solicitor would have attended prior to the detention interview, at leastwhere the client did not have adequate private means to fund such attendance.The idea of a telephone consultation does not seem to have been considered.The Incorporation of the Convention2.0.22 The development of law in this area experienced rapid change following theincorporation of the European Convention into Scots law. This was effectedthrough two pieces of legislation passed in the same year. First, there was theScotland Act 1998, coming into force in July 1999. Secondly there was theHuman Rights Act 1998, which came into force in October 2000. Under theterms of the Scotland Act, notably section 57(2), a member of the ScottishExecutive (i.e. a Scottish Minister):“...has no power to make any subordinate legislation, or to do anyother act, so far as the legislation or act is incompatible with any of theConvention rights” (emphasis added).2.0.23 Where any act of a Scottish Minister is contended to be incompatible with theConvention, it can be challenged by raising a “devolution issue”. As the34 see Chapter 6.1 – Legal Advice35
- Page 1: TheCarloway ReviewReport andRecomme
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Committee’s report when read as a whole. Unless the integrity of theCommittee members were to be impugned, it must be accepted that thepurpose of detention, as the members conceived it, was that stated by them tobe justified. That purpose was to further investigations <strong>and</strong> not primarily as aninstrument to prise admissions from those to be charged in any event.2.0.20 Secondly, the Act specifically provided that the permission to question did notaffect the law on admissibility of evidence 31 . Thus, answers to questionscould still be regarded as inadmissible even if the questioning had been part ofa valid six hour detention process. One particular aspect of this was, as thelegal annotators 32 of the Act declared, that detention was not, in terms of thestructure of the Act, to be regarded as a means of delaying arrest <strong>and</strong> charge.If there were sufficient evidence to arrest <strong>and</strong> charge, it was the intention ofthe Committee 33 , albeit not later expressly stated in the legislation, that thedetention should end.2.0.21 Thirdly, in the vast majority of cases, the police did not in reality exercise anydiscretion in deciding whether to allow a suspect a consultation with a solicitor.At least in cases where a suspect was detained at or about the time of theoffence, in very few interviews of an adult suspect in detention was a solicitorever permitted to be present. That is not to say that the police would not haveallowed such presence, were the solicitor to have appeared in time at thepolice office. However, because of the prevalence of crime occurring at night<strong>and</strong> the restriction imposed by the limited six hour period, detention interviews31 s 2(5) proviso; this is still the law, see 1995 Act s14 (7)32 <strong>Scottish</strong> Current Law Statutes33 para 7.03(e)34