Guidance on Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into ...

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Annex 3: Tools for assessing climate change and biodiversity within SEAThe table below provides an overview of tools and approaches that can be used to support theassessment of climate change and biodiversity as part of the SEA process. See Section 5 for asummary of these tools and approaches and hints on determining when they may be applicable.Description of tools and approaches that can be used to support the assessment of climate changeand biodiversity as part of the SEA processSource of furtherName Description Application CommentsInformationBiodiversityoffsettingBiodiversityscreeningmapBiodiversity offsetting is anapproach which seeks tocompensate for unavoidableloss of habitats and speciesdue to development. Thoughnot formalised in everyMember State there areallowances for offsettingwithin the EnvironmentalLiability Directive andHabitats Directive — Article6.4.Screening maps are a form ofspatial analysis that requiresthe identification of thehabitats sited around aparticular project. Based onthese, habitats should beassessed for their relativeworth considering widertrends and likely impacts ofthe project. If there isconsidered to be somepotentially significant effects,this should inform thescreening decision.CO 2 MPARE Model to assess CO 2emissions of Regional PolicyOperational Programmes(2014-2020) — underdevelopment (status as ofFebruary 2013).ConfidencelevelsCriticalConfidence levels are aneffective approach tocommunicating uncertainty;this may be useful whenconsidering potential climatechange impacts.An alternative approach toconsider is one based onThis practice is developing acrossEurope and examples include theEU Biodiversity Strategy makingreference to the Commissiondeveloping practice in line withprevious studies. It is likely that,within the context of Europeanpolicy, Member States will developthis area as they see fit.Useful for screening and scopingstages and to identify areas ofpotential higher value biodiversitythat may be used within theconsideration of the alternatives.This voluntary tool should (i)enable evaluation of the GHGimpact of investments resultingfrom the Operational Programmes;(ii) be so generic that it canpotentially be applied in allEuropean regions and for allrelevant spending categories, and(iii) be freely available.Increasingly climate changeimpacts are being presented inprobabilistic scenarios which canbe presented in terms ofconfidence levels.This is a structured approach tothe scoping stage of SEA. TheBusiness- led offsettingprogramme:http://bbop.foresttrends.org/index.phpBirdLife International position onoffsetting:http://www.birdlife.org/eu/pdfs/2010_BHDTF_position_Biodiversity_offsets.pdfEC feasibility study:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/pdf/eftec_habitat_technical_report.pdfA source of news, data, andanalytics on markets andpayments for ecosystemservices:http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/It can be supported by some ofthe information sourcespresented in Annex 2, but willmore normally be based onexpert judgment and theexperience of otherstakeholders.http://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:179076-2011:TEXT:EN:HTML&tabId=1http://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/energy/research/themes/energysystems/co2_emissions_modelThe provision of confidencelevels varies within differentclimate scenarios — e.g. theIPPC provides information as tospecific confidence levels withindifferent assessments.Strategic EnvironmentalAssessment Good Practices62 <strong>Guidance</strong> on integrating climate change and biodiversity into SEA
factorsEcosystembasedapproachesEcosystemservicesapproaches‘critical factors for decisionmaking.’These constitute thefundamental decision-makingfactors that should beunderlying the focus of theSEA. These critical factorsidentify the aspects regardingdesign and implementation ofthe PP that must beconsidered in the decisionprocess.The resulting critical factorsfor decision-making willprovide the structure to theanalysis and assessment ofopportunities and risks acrossthe SEA, defining thetechnical studies that need tobe performed under the SEAin order to gather theinformation required for adecision. The critical factorsshould be derived throughwider public participation andconsultation with keystakeholders.Managing, restoring andprotecting biodiversity andecosystem services providemultiple benefits to humansociety. These ecosystembasedapproaches contributeto protecting and restoringnatural ecosystems byconserving or enhancingcarbon stocks, reducingemissions caused byecosystem degradation andloss, and providing costeffectiveprotection againstsome of the threats thatresult from climate change.Ecosystems provide a numberof basic functions that areessential for using the Earth’sresources sustainably. TheEconomics of EcosystemServices and Biodiversity(TEEB) study definesecosystem services as ‘thebenefits people receive fromecosystems’.Ecosystem services offerpotentially a new tool to usein SEA, using the conceptsdeveloped by the MillenniumEcosystem Assessment.critical factors are generated outof an integrated analysis of thefollowing elements:• Strategic referenceframework — whichconstitutes an assessmentbenchmark and gathers therelevant policy objectivesestablished at international,European, national and locallevels and also other relevantPPs.• Strategic issues — thestrategic objectives and coreprinciples of the strategybeing assessed.• Environmental/sustainability/health/equality/etc. factors —defines the relevant scope ofthe SEA which must beadjusted to each specific caseaccording to the strategicfocus, the assessment scaleand, as a result, theirrelevance.They can be used as cost-effectivealternatives to infrastructuresolutions. For example, coastalecosystems such as saltmarsh andbarrier beaches provide naturalshoreline protection from stormsand flooding and urban greenspaces cool cities (reducing theurban-heat island effect), minimiseflooding and improve air quality.In practice ecosystem servicescould be could be used in anumber of ways in SEA:Baseline — ecosystem servicescould help make baseline datamuch more relevant to theassessment process by combiningdatasets in a useful way forplanners and decision-making.Scoping and engagement withstakeholders — using networkanalysis for example to understandthe range of ecosystem servicesprovided by an area and as ameans to identify key issues/areas.Guide. Methodological<strong>Guidance</strong>.PortugueseEnvironment Agencyhttp://www.seainfo.net//files/events/SEA_guide_Portugal.pdfRelevant information from theDG Environment website,including the following reports:Towards a Strategy on ClimateChange, Ecosystem Services andBiodiversityhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/pdf/discussion_paper_climate_change.pdfAssessment of the potential ofecosystem-based approaches toclimate change adaptation andmitigation in Europehttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/climatechange/pdf/EbA_EBM_CC_FinalReport.pdfRelevant information from theCBD website:http://www.cbd.int/climate/Millennium EcosystemAssessment (MEA) (2005)Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis. Island Press,Washington.http://www.maweb.org/en/index.aspxOECD (2008) StrategicEnvironmental Assessment andEcosystemServiceshttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/54/41882953.pdfWorld Resources Institute (2008)Ecosystem Services: A Guide forDecisionMakers<strong>Guidance</strong> on integrating climate change and biodiversity into SEA 63
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Guidance on Integr
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ForewordThe need for action on clim
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GlossaryTermAdaptation(climate chan
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Mitigation (climatechange)Mitigatio
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HOW TO ADDRESS BOTH CLIMATE CHANGE
Page 13 and 14: guidance.Since it is the first such
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Page 17 and 18: 2.2.3 Resilience of a PP to a chang
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Page 23 and 24: EU Climate and EnergyPackageRoadmap
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Page 27 and 28: Table 5: Key aspects of biodiversit
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Page 49 and 50: This guidance document emphasises t
Page 51 and 52: Annex 1: Further readingThe policy
Page 53 and 54: Resource Paper: No Net Loss and Los
Page 55 and 56: Resource Manual to Support Applicat
Page 57 and 58: Annex 2: Sources of information on
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Page 61: GeneralData and Maps (EEA)EUROSTATE
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