Leather/Skin/Hide Processing Industry - Environmental Clearance

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Leather / Skin / Hide Processing Industry (Tannery)b) Vegetable tanningPlant extracts are used for the purpose of tanning in this process. The pH falls down from4- 4.5 to 3-3.5. Though this process is free of any heavy metal use, the leather developedfrom this process has comparatively weaker capacity of heat resistance and dye-holding.3.2.1.3 Post-tanning operationsPost-tanning operations comprise of re-chroming of semi-finished wet blue leather,neutralization, dyeing, fat liquoring and finishing. In case if post-tanning of vegetabletanned semi-finished leather, the operations involved are semi-chrome tanning,neutralization, dyeing, fat liquoring and finishing. However the operations varydepending upon the final product.Sammying: It is a mechanized process followed to remove excess moisture in the wetblue.Splitting: After sammying, the material is split into required thickness using splittingmachineShaving and Trimming: The semi-finished leather is leveled using the shavingmachine.Re-chroming: Depending on the quality of wet blue, re-chroming is carried out toimprove the chromium content in the leather.Semi-chroming: Incase of vegetable tanned semi-finished leather, chrome tanning isgiven depending on the final leather quality. Neutralization: pH is adjusted to 4.5-6.5Dyeing: The leather is coloured using dyes such as anionic dyes, acid dyes, direct,metal complex compounds and basic dyes.Fat-liquoring: Natural/synthetic oils are applied for fat liquoring, thereby impartingsoftness to the leatherFinishing: Phenolics, melamine, acrylics, polymers, naphthalene, etc., are used forfinishing to impart fullness to the leather.3.2.2 Input Vs output in the tannery processThe major inputs such as water, chemicals in each sectional operation starting fromsoaking, liming, fleshing, deliming, pickling, vegetable/chromium tanning, etc., tillfinishing are shown as a part in the process flow diagram in Figure 3-3.The mode of operation and equipment used such as pits, paddle, drums, type ofmachine operations are also indicated as a part in the process flow diagram in figure3-3.The waste discharges from each sectional operation such as wastewater fleshings,waste trimmings and the major constituents in the wastewater in terms of TDS, COD,BOD are also given in Figure 3-3.TGM for Tanneries August 20103-6
Leather / Skin / Hide Processing Industry (Tannery)Source: CPCBFigure 3-3: Input vs. Output in the Tanneries3.3 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of RejectsEnvironmental issues associated with tanning and leather finishing include the following:WastewaterAir emissionsSolid wasteHazardous materials3.3.1 WastewaterA. Water usageWater plays a vital role in tannery operations. Approximately 30-40 litre (L) of water isused for processing one kilogram (kg) of raw hide/skin into finished leather. Most of theIndian tanneries which are located near the riverbanks or natural water bodies drawTGM for Tanneries August 20103-7
Page 1 and 2: FORPrepared forGovernment of India
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents3.5.2 Tannery effl
Page 6 and 7: Table of ContentsLIST OF FIGURESFig
Page 9: AcronymsIUEkglLDARLCALTLm 2mg/m³mg
Page 12 and 13: protocol/ related regulations/ and
Page 14 and 15: IntroductionOperational issues1.1 P
Page 16 and 17: Introductionfor 27 industrial and r
Page 18 and 19: Conceptual Facets of EIA2.2 Polluti
Page 20 and 21: Conceptual Facets of EIABench marki
Page 22 and 23: Conceptual Facets of EIAproduct aft
Page 24 and 25: Conceptual Facets of EIA2.3.2.8 4-R
Page 26 and 27: Conceptual Facets of EIAR&D activit
Page 28 and 29: Conceptual Facets of EIAProject lev
Page 30 and 31: Conceptual Facets of EIAThis practi
Page 32 and 33: Conceptual Facets of EIAother effec
Page 34 and 35: Conceptual Facets of EIApractitione
Page 36 and 37: Leather / Skin / Hide Processing In
Page 64 and 65: 4.OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF EIAPrior e
Page 66 and 67: Operational Aspects of EIAFigure 4-
Page 68 and 69: Operational Aspects of EIA4.2 Scree
Page 70 and 71: Operational Aspects of EIA4.2.4 Sit
Page 72 and 73: Operational Aspects of EIA−−−
Page 74 and 75: Operational Aspects of EIAfor furth
Page 76 and 77: Operational Aspects of EIATable 4-2
Page 78 and 79: Operational Aspects of EIAPHASE IPR
Page 80 and 81: Operational Aspects of EIADetails o
Page 82 and 83: Operational Aspects of EIAIf the lo
Page 84 and 85: Operational Aspects of EIAFigure 4-
Page 86 and 87: Operational Aspects of EIA4.4.2.3 B
Page 88 and 89: Operational Aspects of EIA4.4.3 Imp
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Operational Aspects of EIALegislati
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Operational Aspects of EIAtime, if
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Operational Aspects of EIAImportant
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Operational Aspects of EIABiologica
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Operational Aspects of EIAS. NO EIA
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Operational Aspects of EIAConcerned
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Operational Aspects of EIAFinal EIA
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Operational Aspects of EIAIf the Au
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5.STAKEHOLDERS’ ROLES ANDRESPONSI
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Stakeholders’ Roles and Responsib
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ANNEXURE IGeneral Standards for Dis
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18. Hexavalent chromium (as Cr+6) m
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2. The user should make efforts to
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ANNEXURE IIForm 1 (Application for
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1.6 Demolition works?1.7 Temporary
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3. Use, storage, transport, handlin
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5.6 Emissions from incineration of
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9. Factors which should be consider
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ANNEXURE IIICritically Polluted Ind
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8 Vellore (North Arcot) (TamilNadu)
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31 Pali (Rajasthan)CEPI-73.73 (As_W
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TYPES OF MONITORING AND NETWORK DES
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knowledge of the sources of the pro
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GUIDANCE FOR ASSESSMENT OF BASELINE
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AttributesSamplingMeasurement Metho
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AttributesSamplingMeasurement Metho
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ANNEXURE VISources of Secondary Dat
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Information8. Nature of Terrain, to
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Annexure IVB: Summary of Available
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13. Department of Ocean Development
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19. Indian Meteorology Department S
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32. National Botanical Research Ins
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ANNEXURE VIIForm through which the
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ANNEXURE VIIIComposition of EAC/SEA
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I)Primary treatment is the first st
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compounds degraded in step 1) and t
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New Machineries:These are a few pho
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REFERENCESMinistry of Environment a
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IL&FS Ecosmart LimitedFlat # 408, S
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