Leather/Skin/Hide Processing Industry - Environmental Clearance

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Conceptual Facets of EIA2.2 Pollution Control StrategiesPollution control strategies can be broadly categorized in to preventive and reactive. Thereactive strategy refers to steps that may be applied once the wastes are generated orcontamination of receiving environment takes place. The control technology or acombination of technologies to minimize the impact due to the process rejects/wastesvaries with quantity and characteristics, desired control efficiency and economics.Many a number of combination of techniques could be adopted for treatment of a specificwaste or the contaminated receiving environment, but are often judged based on technoeconomicfeasibility. Therefore, the best alternative is to take all possible steps to avoidpollution itself. This preventive approach refers to a hierarchy that involves i) prevention& reduction; ii) recycling and re-use; iii) treatment; and iv) disposal, respectively.Therefore, there is a need to shift the emphasis from the reactive to preventive strategyi.e., to promote preventive environmental management. Preventive environmentalmanagement tools may be grouped into management based tools, process based tools andproduct based tools. A few of them are given below :Management Based Tools Process Based Tools Product Based ToolsEnvironmental ManagementSystem (EMS)Environmental PerformanceEvaluationEnvironmental AuditsEnvironmental ReportingAnd CommunicationTotal Cost AccountingLaw And PolicyTrade And EnvironmentEnvironmental EconomicsEnvironmental Technology AssessmentToxic Use ReductionBest Operating PracticesEnvironmentally Best PracticeBest Available Technology (BAT)Waste MinimizationPollution PreventionCleaner Production4-R ConceptCleaner TechnologyEco-efficiencyIndustrial EcologyExtended ProducersResponsibilityEco-labelingDesign forEnvironmentLife Cycle Assessment(LCA)These tools are precisely discussed in next sections.2.3 Tools for Preventive Environmental ManagementThe tools for preventive environmental management can be broadly classified in tofollowing three groups.Tools for assessment and analysis - risk assessment, life cycle assessment, total costassessment, environmental audit / statement, environmental benchmarking,environmental indicatorsTools for action - environmental policy, market based economic instruments,innovative funding mechanism, EMS and ISO certification, total environmentalquality movement, eco-labeling, cleaner production, eco-efficiency, industrialecosystem or metabolism, voluntary agreementsTools for communication - state of environment, corporate environmental reportingTGM for Tanneries August 20102-2
Conceptual Facets of EIASpecific tools under each group are discussed precisely in next sections.2.3.1 Tools for assessment and analysis2.3.1.1 Risk assessmentRisk is associated with the frequency of failure and consequence effect. Predicting suchsituations and evaluation of risk is essential to take appropriate preventive measures. Themajor concern of the assessment is to identify the activities falling in a matrix of high &low frequencies at which the failures occur and the degree of its impact. The highfrequency, low impact activities can be managed by regular maintenance i.e., LDAR(Leak detection and repair) programmes. Whereas, the low frequency, high impactactivities (accidents) are of major concern in terms of risk assessment. As the frequencyis low, often the required precautions are not realized or maintained. However, the riskassessment identifies the areas of major concerns which require additional preventivemeasures; likely consequence distances considering domino effects, which will give thepossible casualties and ecological loss in case of accidents. These magnitudes demandthe attention for preventive and disaster management plans (DMP). Thus is an essentialtool to ensure safety of operations.2.3.1.2 Life cycle assessmentA broader approach followed to deal with environmental impacts during manufacturing iscalled LCA. This approach recognizes that environmental concerns are associated withevery step of processing w.r.t manufacturing of products and also examinesenvironmental impacts of the product at all stages of project life cycle. LCA includes theproduct design, development, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, usage and disposal.LCA is concerned with reducing environmental impacts at all stages and considering thetotal picture rather than just one stage of production process.Industries/firms may apply this concept to minimize the costs incurred on theenvironmental conservation throughout the project life cycle.2.3.1.3 Total cost assessmentTotal Cost Assessment (TCA) is an enhanced financial analysis tool that is used to assessthe profitability of alternative courses of action ex. raw material substitution to reduce thecosts of managing the wastes generated by process; an energy retrofit to reduce the costsof energy consumption. This is particularly relevant for pollution prevention options.These options because of their nature, often produce financial savings that are overlookedin conventional financial analysis, either because they are misallocated, uncertain, hard toquantify, or occur more than three to five years after the initial investment. TCA includesall of relevant costs and savings associated with an option so that it can compete forscarce capital resources fairly, on a level playing field. The assessments are oftenbeneficial w.r.t the following:Identification of costly resource inefficienciesFinancial analysis of environmental activities/projects such as investment in cleanertechnologiesPrioritization of environmental activities/projectsEvaluation of product mix and product pricingTGM for Tanneries August 20102-3
Page 1 and 2: FORPrepared forGovernment of India
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents3.5.2 Tannery effl
Page 6 and 7: Table of ContentsLIST OF FIGURESFig
Page 9: AcronymsIUEkglLDARLCALTLm 2mg/m³mg
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Page 14 and 15: IntroductionOperational issues1.1 P
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Operational Aspects of EIA4.2 Scree
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Operational Aspects of EIA4.2.4 Sit
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Operational Aspects of EIA−−−
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Operational Aspects of EIAfor furth
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Operational Aspects of EIATable 4-2
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Operational Aspects of EIAPHASE IPR
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Operational Aspects of EIADetails o
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Operational Aspects of EIAIf the lo
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Operational Aspects of EIAFigure 4-
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Operational Aspects of EIA4.4.2.3 B
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Operational Aspects of EIA4.4.3 Imp
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Operational Aspects of EIALegislati
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Operational Aspects of EIAtime, if
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Operational Aspects of EIAImportant
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Operational Aspects of EIABiologica
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Operational Aspects of EIAS. NO EIA
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Operational Aspects of EIAConcerned
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Operational Aspects of EIAFinal EIA
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Operational Aspects of EIAIf the Au
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5.STAKEHOLDERS’ ROLES ANDRESPONSI
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Stakeholders’ Roles and Responsib
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ANNEXURE IGeneral Standards for Dis
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18. Hexavalent chromium (as Cr+6) m
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2. The user should make efforts to
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ANNEXURE IIForm 1 (Application for
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1.6 Demolition works?1.7 Temporary
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3. Use, storage, transport, handlin
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5.6 Emissions from incineration of
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9. Factors which should be consider
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ANNEXURE IIICritically Polluted Ind
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8 Vellore (North Arcot) (TamilNadu)
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31 Pali (Rajasthan)CEPI-73.73 (As_W
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TYPES OF MONITORING AND NETWORK DES
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knowledge of the sources of the pro
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GUIDANCE FOR ASSESSMENT OF BASELINE
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AttributesSamplingMeasurement Metho
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AttributesSamplingMeasurement Metho
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ANNEXURE VISources of Secondary Dat
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Information8. Nature of Terrain, to
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Annexure IVB: Summary of Available
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13. Department of Ocean Development
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19. Indian Meteorology Department S
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32. National Botanical Research Ins
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ANNEXURE VIIForm through which the
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ANNEXURE VIIIComposition of EAC/SEA
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I)Primary treatment is the first st
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compounds degraded in step 1) and t
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New Machineries:These are a few pho
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REFERENCESMinistry of Environment a
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IL&FS Ecosmart LimitedFlat # 408, S
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Leather/Skin/Hide Processing Industry - Environmental Clearance

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