Care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS
Care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS
Care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS
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Report on the global <strong>HIV</strong>/<strong>AIDS</strong> epidemic – June 2000Table of contents6 Global estimates of the <strong>HIV</strong>/<strong>AIDS</strong> epidemic as of end 19997 Preface8 <strong>AIDS</strong> in a new millennium: a grim picture <strong>with</strong> glimmers of hope8 Africa: the enormous challenges of a long-lasting epidemic12 Asia holds <strong>HIV</strong> at bay – but <strong>for</strong> how long?15 Latin America: an epidemic <strong>with</strong> many faces17 <strong>HIV</strong> in the Caribbean: small isl<strong>and</strong>s, large epidemic18 Eastern Europe <strong>and</strong> Central Asia: drug injecting is still the main risk19 High-income countries: long survival but more risk behaviour21 Waking up to devastation21 The demographic impact of <strong>AIDS</strong>21 The population chimney23 Increases in adult <strong>and</strong> child mortality rates are already being recorded25 In some countries, over a third of 15-year-olds may die of <strong>AIDS</strong>26 Social <strong>and</strong> economic impacts27 Household impacts29 The toll on teaching…29 … the toll on learning31 Health sector under stress32 Impact on agriculture33 The bottom line: <strong>HIV</strong> is hurting business37 What makes <strong>people</strong> vulnerable?38 Fear, stigma <strong>and</strong> denial: a vicious circle40 Unin<strong>for</strong>med <strong>and</strong> hence vulnerable42 Lack of education: a growing liability45 Men <strong>and</strong> women on the margins46 Young girls: vulnerable <strong>for</strong> many reasons49 Violence against women49 Violence in the home51 Sexual abuse of women <strong>and</strong> children55 Prevention: daunting challenges ahead55 Avoiding heterosexual transmission: how well are existing prevention strategies working?56 How many young <strong>people</strong> manage to delay first sex?56 How many stay abstinent be<strong>for</strong>e marriage?57 Sex be<strong>for</strong>e marriage: the <strong>HIV</strong> risks58 What about fidelity between regular partners?59 Condom use: rising, but still not enough65 Men who have sex <strong>with</strong> men65 Prevention is faltering in high-income countries67 The high cost of neglect <strong>and</strong> denial68 Men who have sex <strong>with</strong> men <strong>and</strong> women71 <strong>HIV</strong> <strong>and</strong> other sexually transmitted infections: an opportunity to strengthen prevention72 Turning past failure into future success74 Injecting drug use: the other <strong>HIV</strong> epidemic76 Reducing <strong>HIV</strong> transmission among drug users: interventions are effective but not politically popular3