Care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS

Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic – June 2000Before AIDS, about 2% of all children in developing countries were orphans. By1997, the proportion of children with one or both parents dead had skyrocketed to7% in many African countries and in some cases reached an astounding 11%.In African countries that have had long, severe epidemics, AIDS is generatingorphans so quickly that family structures can no longer cope. Traditional safety netsare unravelling as more young adults die of this disease. Families and communitiescan barely fend for themselves, let alone take care of orphans. Typically, half of allpeople with HIV become infected before they turn 25, acquiring AIDS and dying bythe time they turn 35, leaving behind a generation of children to be raised by theirgrandparents or left on their own in child-headed households.Wherever they turn, children who have lost a mother or both parents to AIDS facea future even more difficult than that of other orphans. According to a report publishedjointly in 1999 by UNICEF and the UNAIDS Secretariat, AIDS orphans are atgreater risk of malnutrition, illness, abuse and sexual exploitation than childrenorphaned by other causes. They must grapple with the stigma and discrimination sooften associated with AIDS, which can even deprive them of basic social servicesand education.Although the crisis is enormous and its impact devastating, countries and communitiesacross Africa are rallying to react to the damage and to counter some of its worstimpacts. In Malawi, the Government decided early on to support community-basedprogrammes and has had a National Orphan Care Task Force since 1991. Across thecountry, community-based organizations are setting up child-care centres toimprove the care of children and increase their learning opportunities. In Zambia,which has the second largest proportion of AIDS orphans in the world after Uganda,nongovernmental organizations are working hard to fill gaps by providing food, clothingand school fees to orphans and their families. In Zimbabwe, where 7% of all childrenunder 15 are orphaned by AIDS, a National Policy on the Care and Protectionof Orphans has been developed, which advocates that orphans should be placed ininstitutions only as a last resort and be cared for by the community whenever possible.Uganda Women’s Effort to Save Orphans (UWESO) was started in 1986 by JanetMuseveni, wife of President Yoweri Museveni, in the aftermath of the country’slengthy civil war, functioning as a relief agency to assist orphans in resettlementcamps and return them to their extended families. As the country became increasinglyaffected by the AIDS epidemic, UWESO shifted its emphasis to support forAIDS orphans; the organization, with its 35 branches countrywide, helps fund educationand training for the children and runs a micro-finance scheme to help thecaretakers – typically, female relatives of the children – to start up small businessesand trading activities.28